Disaster Readiness

and Risk Reduction

Quarter 2 – Module 5:
Community-Based Disaster Risk Reduction
and Management for Preparedness
Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction – Senior High School
Quarter 2 – Module 5: Community-Based Disaster Risk Reduction and Management for
Preparedness
First Edition, 2020

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 Senior High School

Disaster Readiness
and Risk Reduction
Quarter 2 – Module 5:
Community-Based Disaster Risk
Reduction and Management
for Preparedness
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use
this module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while
allowing them to manage their own learning at home. Furthermore, you are
expected to encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included
in the module.

For the learner:

As a learner, you must learn to become responsible of your own
learning. Take time to read, understand, and perform the different
activities in the module.
As you go through the different activities of this module be
reminded of the following:
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any
part of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the
exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer Let Us Try before moving on to the other
activities.
3. Read the instructions carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking
your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are done.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this
module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always
bear in mind that you are not alone. We hope that through this material,
you will experience meaningful learning and gain deep understanding
of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

ii
 Let Us Learn

Most Essential Learning Competency:

A. Discuss different community-based practices for managing disaster
risk to specific hazards. (DRR11/12-IIg-h-44)
B. Develop a community preparedness plan; (DRR11/12-IIg-h-45)
C. Prepare survival kits and materials for one’s family and for public
information and advocacy. (DRR11/12-IIg-h-46)

After going through this lesson, you are expected to:

1. enumerate different community-based practices for managing disaster risk

to specific hazards.

Let Us Try

Directions: Read and analyze the following questions. Write your answers on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. Who are the primary participants of a community-based risk reduction

management program?
a. Every member of a house hold.
b. Every member of recognized institutions.
c. Every taxpayers.
d. Every registered voters.
Which of the following prioritizes the individual capacity and vulnerability in
responding to emergencies?
a. Emergency plan b. Monitoring and evaluation
c. Early warning system d. Survival kits and materials
3. What is the primary role of an identified participant in a community-based
disaster risk reduction management program?
a. Follow local ordinances on disaster risk reduction management.
b. Secure one’s property and assets before, during, and after disasters.
c. Selectively respond to warnings when risks and impact are high.
d. Know and understand one’s rights and take responsibilities based on one’s
vulnerability and coping capacity.
4. Which condition affects the response of a community member to an emergency
or a disaster?
a. social status and influence
b. political party affiliation
c. filial relationships
d. vulnerability and coping capacity

1
5. Earthquake and fire drills are often perceived to be wastes of time for many.
Though people may participate, the exercise is not seriously taken. How will you
convince your family or your friends to take responsibility and accountability?
Tell them that
a. Drills are practices and a learned behavior. It’s like practicing a sport or
playing a musical instrument. It aims for automatic responses for
emergencies.
b. Drills are automatic responses. When the human body senses danger, it
responds for fight or flight. Drills are part of survival.
c. Drills are requirements in school to be completed and complied with. To
be a member of the school community, one has to participate.
d. Drills are opportunities to meet other people and observe how everyone
behaves in an emergency. It is a school or a local community events.

Community-based Disaster Risk

Lesson
Reduction and Management
1 for Preparedness Plan

Let Us Study

Now, let us study things that we can do during an emergency. An emergency

plan specifies procedures for handling sudden or unexpected scenarios. Objectives
are to be prepared to: prevent fatalities and injuries, reduce damage to buildings,
stock, and equipment. Currently, we experience numerous tragic events in the
country; leading to the loss of lives and properties. To better understand and be
aware of emergencies and planning, let us take this quick activity.

Directions: Fill in the graphic organizer below with a word or phrase that best
associates with the word “Emergency”; provide a brief explanation why you have
associated these words to emergency. Write your answers on a separate sheet of
paper.

______

_____

Emergency

______ ______

______

2
 Planning for the unexpected begins with the whole family talking about what
to do during an emergency. Do this in a calm way that will not make children or older
relatives anxious. Here are some tips in creating an emergency plan:

Phone numbers. Post emergency numbers

in a central place that is easily seen by
everyone. Include the numbers for police,
fire, poison control, school, work, childcare,
and close relatives. Include your home
address for quick reference since emergency
respondents will need to know where to find
you.

An emergency contact. Since it's often

easier to call long distance during an
emergency, pick an out-of-state relative as
your family's emergency contact. They'll be
the point person you call or text to explain
where you are in the event of a natural
disaster. Figure 1 Emergency planning and preparation starts at
home.

 Escape routes. Go through each room of your home and plan the quickest
and safest escape route. Ensure that each member of your family knows the
plan for each room and how to put that plan into action should they need to
make a quick escape.

 Emergency meeting spots. Choose three spots to be on the safe side — one
near your home (like in the case of a fire), one outside your neighborhood
(such as the fire station or a relative's house), and one out-of-town location in
case you need to evacuate.

 Pet plan. If your family has pets, make sure your emergency plan also
includes your four-legged family members. Make sure you have any necessary
pet carriers and plenty of food and water on hand to take with you.

 Important documents. Put your essential documents in a plastic bag and

keep them in a fireproof and waterproof evacuation box for easy grabbing.

 A "go-bag." This ready-to-go supply kit can help your family leave home
quickly without having to worry about packing up too many necessities. See
below for some ideas of what to include in your go-bag.

Natural calamities are inevitable. They will always give us overwhelming burden
that we need to face every day. However, we can prepare and make our family
members be ready for the unexpected challenges.

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 The Disaster Management Cycle

Disaster risk reduction activities are part and parcel of the whole effort
undertaken before and until long after a disastrous event. The entire array of
activities undertaken before, during, and after a disaster aim to reduce the severity
of the impact of a disaster-causing event is called disaster management (see Figure
2). The activities commonly lumped together as disaster management are:

Pre-event: Risk assessment

Mitigation or prevention
Preparedness

Syc-event: Emergency response (rescue, evacuation, relief)

Post-event: Recovery
Rehabilitation
Reconstruction

The most challenging period of a disaster is probably right after it happens.

Search and rescue operations will be needed for those who are trapped, isolated, or
missing.

The disaster aftermath will yield many injured people and an environment
conducive to many kinds of diseases. Medicines, medical personnel, and facilities are
required. Food, clothing, and shelter are basic needs to be provided to those who are
left homeless. The coming of a disaster means an enormous response at hand. Can
the national government alone handle this phase of a disaster? What organizations
and other entities are usually visible right after a disaster.

Figure 2 Disaster risk reduction management involves all activities from pre-disaster to post disaster
activity (recovery, reconstruction, and rehabilitation) (Source: UN's international Strategy for Disaster
Reduction. (ISDR)

Modified from: International Federation of surveyors,

http://www.fig.net/pub/figpub/pub38/figpub38.html
4
 Disaster recovery, rehabilitation, and reconstruction must start as soon as the
disaster response has concluded. These are gargantuan tasks for the government,
requiring a tremendous amount of funds and an extreme array of human resources.
This phase might also take years before even a fraction of is accomplished.

Let Us Practice

A. Select a word from the box that describes the image below. Then, write a
description an emergency on how they are useful during. Write your answer on a
separate sheet of paper.

Phone numbers Emergency numbers Escape routes

Emergency meeting spots Pet Plan Important documents

Go bag

1. 4.

5.
2.

3.

5
B. Each box below contains words that belongs to the Disaster Risk Reduction
Management Cycle. Match the words in Column A to Column B. Write your
answer on a separate sheet of paper.

A B

A. Recovery
Risk Identification
Assessment
6.

Mitigation B. Early Warning

7.

Preparedness C. Hazard analysis

8.

D. Relief
9. Syn-event

Post-event E. Land use

10
planning

Let Us Study
An Early Warning System can be implemented as a chain of information
communication systems and comprises sensors, event detection, and decision
subsystems. These systems work together to forecast and signal disturbance that
adversely affects the stability of the physical world. These provide time for the
response system to prepare for the adverse event and minimizes its impact.

EWS Observer Controller Model and the Subsystem

For the early warning systems to be effective, these need to involve the
communities at risk, facilitate public education, and awareness of risks, disseminate
alerts, give warnings, and ensure a constant state of preparedness. A complete and
functional early warning system supports four main functions: risk analysis,
monitoring and warning, dissemination and communication, and a response
capability.

6
Figure 3 Early Warning System Observer Controller Model and the Subsystem

Risk analysis involves systematically collecting data and undertaking risk

assessments of predefined hazards and vulnerabilities. Monitoring and warning
involve studies on factors that indicate an imminent disaster, including the methods
used to detect these factors. Information dissemination concerns communicating
and warning those in danger clearly and understandably.

Public Awareness and Education

 Individuals and families should be aware of the sources of information needed

for preparedness.
 It is the responsibility of every individual in a community to actively learn
about disaster risks, early warning systems, and other preparedness
measures that family and community can do.
 Another responsibility of families is to participate in community emergency
preparedness drills.

Survival Kits and Materials

Having an emergency kit is necessary to prepare and protect your household

for unforeseen events. An emergency kit is essential for short-term survival
containing needed items for you and your family. It is a good idea to always keep
your kit in a handy place known to everyone in the household.

In preparing your Survival Kit bag, here are a few things that you can include:

1. At least three days of water for every member of the family

2. Non-perishable food options, like nuts, canned goods, and granola bars
3. Changes in clothing and footwear for each member of the family
4. Sleeping bags or rolled blankets
5. First-aid kit supplies
6. Emergency supplies, such as a battery-operated radio, a flashlight with extra
batteries, duct tape, plastic bags, water purification tablets, local maps, and
a compass, aluminum foil, matches, and a can opener
7
 7. Tools like pliers, a wrench, an ax, and a utility knife
8. Personal care items like toilet paper, soap, toothpaste, feminine products,
extra eyeglasses, and contact lens solution.
9. Money and a few personal checks

Let Us Practice More

I hope you enjoyed doing your first activity. I am happy to know that you
have understood the emergency preparedness procedures and the disaster risk
reduction cycle. Now, let us practice more about what you have learned. Here we
go!

A. Choose the letter that corresponds to your answer. Write it on a separate sheet of
paper.

1. It is a chain of an information communication system to forecast and signal

disturbance that adversely affects the physical world.
a. Early warning system
b. Sensors
c. Controller Model
d. Survival kit

2. Which of the following specifies procedures for a sudden and unexpected

scenario?
a. Early warning system
b. Emergency plan
c. Emergency contacts
d. Escape routes

3. Which of the following directs the quickest and safest way out?
a. Emergency meeting spots
b. Escape route
c. Pet plans
d. Emergency contacts
4. Which one is a ready-to-go supply kit?
a. Important document
b. Disaster Management cycle
c. Escape plan
d. Go bag

5. Which of the following shows the whole effort undertaken before and until
long after a disastrous event?
a. Emergency response
b. Recovery
c. Disaster risk reduction activities
d. Emergency meeting
8
B. Write TRUE if the statement shows emergency preparedness, and FALSE if not.

___________6. Daily, make sure that a survival kit is complete.

___________7. In creating a house plan, emergency exits are properly in

place.

___________8. Keeping fresh batteries for the flashlights in case of electricity

outage is important.

___________9. Emergency warnings are not adhered to.

___________10. Watching movies is important than current news.

Let Us Assess

Given the critical scenario below, create a plan for escaping and survival.

 You live in a community near the shoreline. Based on the weather forecast,
there is a Category-4 typhoon that will directly hit your place. You only have
one day to prepare for the possible tragic event.

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

9
Post Assessment

Directions: Read and analyze the following questions. Write your answers on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. Who are the primary participants of a community-based risk reduction

management program?
a. Every member of a house hold.
b. Every member of recognized institutions.
c. Every taxpayers.
d. Every registered voters.

2. Which prioritizes the individual capacity and vulnerability in responding to

emergencies?
a. Emergency plan
b. Monitoring and evaluation
c. Early warning system
d. Survival kits and materials

3. What is the primary role of an identified participant in a community-based disaster

risk reduction management program?
a. Follow local ordinances on disaster risk reduction management.
b. Secure one’s property and assets before, during, and after disasters.
c. Selectively respond to warnings when risks and impact are high.
d. Know and understand one’s rights and take responsibilities based
on one’s vulnerability and coping capacity.

4. Which condition affects the response of a community member to an emergency or

a disaster?
a. social status and influence
b. political party affiliation
c. filial relationships
d. vulnerability and coping capacity

5. Earthquake and fire drills are often perceived to be wastes of time for many.
Though people may participate, the exercise is not seriously taken. How will you
convince your family or your friends to take responsibility and accountability? Tell
them that __
a. Drills are practices and a learned behavior. It’s like practicing a sport or
playing a musical instrument. It aims for automatic responses for
emergencies.
b. Drills are automatic responses. When the human body senses danger, it
responds for fight or flight. Drills are part of survival.
c. Drills are requirements in school to be completed and complied with. To be
a member of the school community, one has to participate.
d. Drills are opportunities to meet other people and observe how everyone
behaves in an emergency. It is a school or a local community event.

10
 Let Us Enhance
Solve the crossword puzzle below. Have fun!

Across
1. Set of tools or implement
3. Map or a small area
5. To get away
6. Plan procedures for sudden or unexpected scenario.
7. Direction to specify your way out
8. Something that warns
9. The act of living or continuing longer than another person.

Down
2. A hurricane
3. A state of adequate preparation
4. Showing knowledge

11
 Let Us Reflect
Imagine a scenario where every single community is admirably prepared for
any man-made and natural disasters. Do you think it is possible? Write you reflection
in 3-5 sentences.

12
 13
Let Us Practice more Let Us Enhance
A Up
1. a 1. kit
2. b 3. plan
3. b 5. escape
4. d 6. emergency plan
Let Us Asses 7. exit
5. c
B 8.Warning
 Answers may 9. Survival
6. TRUE
vary. Down
7. TRUE
2. typhoon
8. TRUE
3.preparedness
9. FALSE
4. aware
10. FALSE
Let Us Practice
A.
1. Go bag
2. Important
document
3. Escape routes
4. Emergency number
Let Us try
5. Pet plan
B.
1. A.
6. c
2. A.
7. e
3. D.
8. b
4. D.
9. d
5. A.
10.a
Answer Key
 References

Books:
Rolly E. Rimando, Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction Quezon City: Rex Book
Store, Inc., 2016, 27-29 and 82 – 92.

Online References:

“EWS Early Warning System”, Wikipedia.org, accessed November 17, 2020

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_warning_system

“EWS Observer Controller Model and the Subsystem”By Hssengineering - Own work,
CC BY-SA 4.0, accessed on November 17, 2020
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=73369510

“The Contribution of the Surveying Profession to Disaster Risk Management”,

International Federation of Surveyors, accessed November 18, 2020,
https://www.fig.net/resources/publications/figpub/pub38/figpub38.asp

14
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Region XI

F. Torres St., Davao City

Telefax: (082) 291-1665; (082) 221-6147

Email Address: lrms.regionxi@deped.gov.ph