D.R.R.R.

11
Disaster Response and Risk Reduction – Grade 11
Quarter 3 – Module 5: Meaning of Vulnerability
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education - Schools Division of Pasig City

Development Team of the Self-Learning Module

Writer: Michael John M. Lopez
Editor: Melvina S. Tarcena
Reviewers: Melvina S. Tarcena
Illustrator:
Layout Artist: Micaelle Lauren V. Tenorio
Management Team: Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin
OIC-Schools Division Superintendent
Carolina T. Revera, CESE
OIC-Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Manuel A. Laguerta EdD
OIC-Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division

Education Program Supervisors

Librada L. Agon EdD (EPP/TLE/TVL/TVE)

Liza A. Alvarez (Science/STEM/SSP)
Bernard R. Balitao (AP/HUMSS)
Joselito E. Calios (English/SPFL/GAS)
Norlyn D. Conde EdD (MAPEH/SPA/SPS/HOPE/A&D/Sports)
Wilma Q. Del Rosario (LRMS/ADM)
Ma. Teresita E. Herrera EdD (Filipino/GAS/Piling Larang)
Perlita M. Ignacio PhD (EsP)
Dulce O. Santos PhD (Kindergarten/MTB-MLE)
Teresita P. Tagulao EdD (Mathematics/ABM)

Printed in the Philippines by the Department of Education – Schools Division

of Pasig City
 D.R.R.R. 11
Quarter 3
Self-Learning Module 5
Meaning of Vulnerability
Introductory Message

For the Facilitator:

Welcome to the Disaster Response and Risk Reduction – Grade 11 and Self-
Learning Module on the Meaning of Vulnerability!

This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed, and

reviewed by educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its
Officer-in-Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A.
Agustin, in partnership with the City Government of Pasig through its mayor,
Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in
developing this instructional resource.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help learners
acquire the needed 21st-century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely: Communication,
Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
 For the Learner:

Welcome to the Disaster Response and Risk Reduction Self-Learning Module

on the Meaning of Vulnerability!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectations - This points to the set of knowledge and skills

that you will learn after completing the module.

Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge about the lesson

at hand.

Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts

and skills that you already know about a previous lesson.

Lesson - This section discusses the topic in the module.

Activities - This is a set of activities that you need to perform.

Wrap-Up - This section summarizes the concepts and

application of the lesson.

Valuing - This part integrates a desirable moral value in the

lesson.

Posttest - This measures how much you have learned from the
entire module.
 EXPECTATIONS

This module is about Vulnerability.

After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. explain the meaning of Vulnerability and its relationship to Hazard,
Exposure, and Risk;
2. construct an understanding of what makes people vulnerable based on our
surroundings; and
3. value the importance of understanding and identifying vulnerabilities in
our surroundings.

PRETEST

Directions: Read carefully and answer the following questions/statements.

ENCIRCLE only one of the word/letters that BEST fits for each question/statement.
1. Physical, social, economic, and environmental factors determine the likelihood and
severity of damage due to a given hazard?
True False
2. Recent volcanic activity is one of the events that highlight the need to assess the
vulnerability level of an area?
True False
3. Which of the following social group might be the most vulnerable to a hazard?
A. Children C. Both letters A and B are correct.
B. Homeless or street people D. Neither of the choices is correct.
4. Which of the following statement is correct?
A. If you are exposed to a hazard, you are always vulnerable.
B. If you are exposed to a hazard, you are sometimes vulnerable.
C. Both letters A and B are correct.
D. Neither of the choices is correct.
5. Which of the following most likely increases the vulnerability of communities living
alongside the river?
A. When houses are built using concrete.
B. If the community keeps on burning tree leaves.
 C. When the community keeps on throwing garbage in the river.
D. None of the above.

RECAP

Below is a Word Hunt Puzzle containing 9 terminologies related to your

subject here which is DRRR. Locate the words by ENCIRCLING them. Write the
identified words inside the box and answer the questions after the puzzle. Make
the words you found as choices for the questions.

1. The most visible aspect

of a disaster.
_________________________

2. An emergence of new
pathogens after a disaster.
_________________________

3. An event that causes

damage or loss of life.
_________________________

4. An institute that
mitigate geotectonic-
related disaster.
Write the words here: _________________________

1. 6.
5. A loss of physical &
2. 7. financial capital after a
disaster.
3. 8.
_________________________
4. 9.
5.

LESSON

In this module, we are going to understand the meaning of Vulnerability. As

we go through this module, we are going to answer the following questions; 1.) What
is the meaning of Vulnerability; 2.) What are the factors that may increase our
Vulnerability; 3.) How can we assess our Vulnerability?
WHAT IS THE MEANING OF VULNERABILITY?

▪ According to the United Nations Development Program (UNDP), Vulnerability

refers to the “level of loss to each element should a hazard of a given severity
occur.” Different factors determine the likelihood and severity of damage to a
given hazard, factors such as the physical capacity of infrastructures & social
awareness to vulnerabilities just to name a few.
▪ The International Federation of Red Cross (IFRC) also defined Vulnerability as
“the diminished capacity of an individual or group to anticipate, cope up with,
resist and recover from the impact of a natural or man-made hazard.”

To summarize the given definitions, we can say that Vulnerability is the level
of severity or loss concerning a certain hazard being identified depending on different
factors such as physical, social, and even economic.

Note: Do not be confused with the words Hazard and Exposure. Alongside
with Vulnerability, these three are the components of Disaster Risk. Please study the
diagram below.

Figure 1. Diagram showing

the components of Disaster
Risk.
Source: Sudhir Kumar; July
17, 2015

▪ What can you say about the components and relationship its
relationship with one another?
▪ How does the level of risk for disaster being determined in the
diagram?

Please answer these questions in the activity part of this module.

WHAT FACTORS MAY INCREASE VULNERABILITY?

Many situations become a factor that may increase our Vulnerability to a

hazard and even disaster. Consider the following examples:
1. One example is when people cut down many trees at a faster pace than nature
can replace them. DEFORESTATION
increases Vulnerability in many
communities as it may cause the soil o to
loosen that if when heavy rainfall happens,
it may cause mudslides, landslides, and
floods.

Figure 2. Destroyed forest

Source: GMA Network: “Born To be Wild”
Visits some of the remaining forest in the
Philippines.

2. Putting homes in high-risk areas

Figure 3. Maybunga, Pasig City 4 days
after Bagyong Ondoy
Source: Robert Panaligan;
poses more vulnerability. An example of
this is those houses built alongside
waterways such as rivers and estero that
when heavy rainfall happens may lead to
flood.

What makes our community free from Vulnerability or at least mitigate its
effects? A well-informed & well-organized community that meets to talk about what
they are going to do about the natural hazards is less Vulnerable than a community
that is unaware of them.

HOW CAN WE ASSESS OUR VULNERABILITY?

Vulnerability is complex, it has many dimensions to be considered to assess

Vulnerability. Vulnerability is being driven by factors of different level. Another
reason that makes it more complex is that there are factors that make people
vulnerable which are not always obvious.

According to UNISDR (2017), “there is no single method for assessing

Vulnerability.” As matter of fact, methods are usually divided into different
dimensions or factors, from local to global and from physical to environmental
factors.

To help you better understand the meaning of Vulnerability, you may access the
video link below:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gRnvx75D0W8&t=163s

Remember:
▪ Remember that Vulnerability increases if a certain community or people failed to
adapt to the hazards in the environment.
▪ Remember also that the level of Vulnerability depends on the EXPOSURE of a
certain community or people to a hazard.

ACTIVITIES

In this part of the module, let us try your understanding in the module
incorporating also your learning in the previous module. Answer the following
activities based on the given directions.

ACTIVITY #1: VENN DIAGRAM

Directions: In a minimum of 5 sentences to a maximum of 10 sentences or more,

answer the following questions by explaining the relationship of Hazard,
Vulnerability, and Exposure. Give some examples for each circle to make your
answer more meaningful.

FIGURE 1. VENN DIAGRAMMING ON THE RELATIONSHIP OF HAZARD,

VULNERABILITY, AND EXPOSURE

Vulnerability

RISK

Hazard Exposure

Guide Questions:
1. What can you say about the components and relationship its
relationship with one another?
2. How does the level of risk for disaster being determined in the
diagram?

ACTIVITY #2: PICTURE ANALYSIS

Directions: Analyze the following pictures and then fill in the table below with the
possible Hazards, How Vulnerable the human population, how are we being exposed
into it, and the possible action/s that we may apply to avoid or at least mitigate the
negative effects of the situation being shown in each picture.

Hazard Vulnerability Exposure Possible

action
1. Coronavirus Pandemic

2. Flood

3. Mountain-side Houses

ACTIVITY #3: ESSAY WRITING

Directions: Making an analysis of the given pictures below, write a paragraph with
5 – 10 sentences discussing or answering the questions below.

Guide Questions:

1. Which of the given pictures will be more vulnerable to a hazard?

2. Based on your answer in number #1, explain the different factors that
make it more vulnerable to a hazard.
 3. Based on your answer in number #1 & #2, give discuss different ways on
how they can mitigate or lessen the negative effects of the given hazard.

Picture A Picture B

Figure 4. Houses built near the Figure 5. Typical Nipa Hut house in the
floodway. Philippines / via lamudi.com.ph February
Source: Robert Panaligan; 9, 2017

WRAP-UP

To summarize what you have learned, answer Activity I-C. Read the questions
carefully and confine your responses to an analysis of the questions as written. Do
not assume any facts not outlined in the questions. A rubric is publicized at the last
part of this module for your guidance in availing points.
Situation:
Assumingly that you and your family decided to transfer to a house in one of
the coastal areas of Cavite City;
1. How will you manage your exposure and vulnerability to a hazard?
2. What will be your priority to minimize? Exposure or Vulnerability?

VALUING

DIRECTIONS: Read the questions carefully and confine your responses to an

analysis of the questions as written. Do not assume any facts not outlined in the
questions. A rubric is publicized at the last part of this module for your guidance in
availing points.
Situation #1:
 The government is tirelessly preparing for the so-called “the big one” which
anytime may happen. It is an earthquake that might be caused by the Marikina
Valley Fault System which stretches to the eastern part of Metro Manila including
Quezon City, Taguig City, and Pasig City, and some neighboring municipalities such
as as as Cainta may be affected as well. Considering that this might happen
unexpectedly, why is it important for you to know the severity of your exposure and
your vulnerability?
Situation #2:
The Philippine has now entered the wet season. Alongside this climate,
different rainy season-related diseases may appear such as leptospirosis. This
situation has worsened due to the Philippines is still battling the Covid-19 pandemic.
Given these challenges in our environment, which is more needed to be given priority
to minimize? Your exposure to the disease, or your vulnerability to the disease?

POSTTEST

DIRECTIONS: Please read each question carefully before reading the answer options.
Encircle only the letter of the best answer.
1. Which of the following age groups are MORE vulnerable to a disaster?
A. 0 – 6 yrs. old & 21 – 30 yrs. old

B. 0 – 6 yrs. old & 31 – 40 yrs. old

C. 0 – 6 yrs. old & 51 – 60 yrs. old
D. 0 – 6 yrs. old & 71 – 80 yrs. old
2. Which of the following BEST describes Vulnerability?
A. The degree of loss to a given element at risk at a certain severity level.

B. The percentage of loss that might have incurred when there is a disaster.
C. Both letters A and & B are correct.
D. None of the above choices are correct.
3. Which of the following most likely to be the factor of Vulnerability?
I. Economic Status II. Political statue III. Social Group
A. I B. II C. III D. I, II, & III
4. Which of these physical elements are exposed to various hazards?
A. Mental Health C. Medical & Healthcare Facilities
 POST-
WRAP-UP TEST
1. I can manage by knowing the severity of our exposure and 1. D.
vulnerability. Through this, we may formulate a plan to lessen
2. C.
or avoid the negative effects of the disaster.
3. D.
2. Both needs to be prioritized as this will determine the likelihood
or severity of the effects of a disaster. 4. C.
5. D.
VALUING (Expected Answer)
Situation #1: It is important for me to know the severity of exposure and
vulnerability because in this, will depend on how we can manage the negative
effects, prepare for it at the maximum extent, and specially, we could make a
plan on how we are going to manage all the aspects of a disaster. This is why
knowing the severity of exposure and vulnerability is important.
Situation #2: Both exposure and vulnerability to the disease needs to be
prioritized because this will determine the likelihood of the severity of a disaster.
We need to identify the exposure so that we can make plans for mitigation of
negative effects. Furthermore, we also need to identify how vulnerable us to a
disaster or in a disease. Through this, we can think of management plans or
ways on how we can avoid diseases.
RECAP: RECAP (Word Hunt) RECAP (Word Hunt) PRE-TEST
No particular order: No particular order: 1. True
2. True
3. C
4. C
5. C
KEY TO CORRECTION
D. I, II and III C. I and III B. II and III A. I and II
consequences of risk
III. insufficient capacity or measures to reduce the potential negative
II. conditions of vulnerability
I. combination of hazards
5. A disaster results from______.
D. Political view B. Socio-cultural background
 RUBRIC FOR WRITTEN WORKS (Essay)
RAW
INDICATORS
SCORES
Write the essay nicely and it has appropriate content related to the
5 topic. Originally presents fresh ideas while displaying strong insights
and a clear understanding of the concept.
Correct and appropriate content but lack of neatness. Presents an
4
effective idea while showing a clear understanding of the concept.
Wrong use of capitalization, punctuation marks, and indention.
3 Writing shows adequate understanding but maybe too general or
superficial.
Incomplete work. Writing shows little or no understanding of the
2
concept.
Obviously copied the work of others. Displays no independent
1
thoughts or personal insights.
0 Not submitting any work.

References:
Belen, Josefina G. and Rimando, Rolly E. (2016), Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction
(first edition). Rex Book Store, Inc. Manila, Philippines.

“Vulnerability.” Accessed July 29, 2020. https://www.preventionweb.net/risk/vulnerability.

“Human Development Reports.” Broadening our thinking on vulnerability | Human

Development Reports. Accessed July 29, 2020.
http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/broadening-our-thinking-vulnerability.

“What Is Vulnerability?” IFRC. Accessed July 29, 2020. https://www.ifrc.org/en/what-we-

do/disaster-management/about-disasters/what-is-a-disaster/what-is-vulnerability/.

Catoy, King. “PinoyWEEKLY.” Accessed July 29, 2020.

https://www.pinoyweekly.org/2009/10/sa-pasig-ikaapat-na-araw-matapos-ang-
pananalasa-ni-ondoy/.

GMA News Online. “'Born to Be Wild' Visits Some of the Remaining Forests in the
Philippines.” GMA News Online. GMA News Online, May 9, 2019.
https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/publicaffairs/borntobewild/693892/born-to-be-
wild-visits-some-of-the-remaining-forests-in-the-philippines/story/.

“Blog Archives.” condominiums and house and lot properties in Baguio City for sale.
Accessed July 29, 2020. https://www.realestatebaguio.com/articles/archives/09-
2014.