WIRELESS MOBILE CHARGER

J.C. Bose University of Science and Technology,

YMCA, Faridabad (121006) – Haryana

Department of Electrical Engineering

A synopsis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for
the 3rd semester of the degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Submitted by
Sagar (22001007054)
Sahil(22001007055)
Under the supervision of
Ms. Shipra aggarwal

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 WIRELESS MOBILE CHARGER
Wireless Charging Technology
Wireless Charging is the process of recharging battery powered electronic devices
without directly tethering them using wires and cables to a power source. The
process gives users the freedom of charging their phone on the go without the need
to plug to power outlet. This means that wireless charging enabled smartphones
and other devices could be charged by simply placing them on a coffee table for
instance or even more complex machines like electric cars can be charged by
simply parking them in the garage or by wireless charging enabled road. It
eliminates all the safety issues associated with cord based charging and opens door
to a new kind of freedom for users.
Wireless charging dates back to the late 1800s when Nikola Tesla developed the
tesla coil which was supposed to help transmit power wirelessly, while the
experiment failed to achieve the aim at the time, it sparked interest in the field and
a lot more people began working on the Idea.

Materials Used
The main materials used for making a wireless charger are Diodes, Resistors,
Transmitters, Inductors(coil), Transformer, Capacitors, Voltage regulator.

How Wireless Power Transmission Works

Wireless charging is sometimes referred to as inductive charging because it is based
on the principle of electromagnetic induction. Just like the wireless communication
system, wireless charging is achieved via the action of a wireless energy transmitter
and receiver. The Wireless charging transmitter usually referred to as the charging
station is attached to a power outlet and transmits the energy being supplied via the
outlet to the receiver which is always attached to the device to be charged and
placed in close proximity to the wireless charging station.
A block diagram to describe the components of a Wireless charging system and
charging process is shown on next page:

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As mentioned earlier, Wireless charging leverages on the principle of magnetic
induction used in electric power transformers, generators and motors, such that the
passage of electric current through a coil causes a changing magnetic field around
that coil which induces a current in another coupled coil. This is the principle
behind the transfer of electric energy between the primary and secondary coil in an
electric transformer even though they seem electrically isolated. In Wireless
charging each of the components (the transmitter and the receiver) that make up the
system possesses a coil. The transmitter coil can be likened to the primary coil
while the receiver coil can be likened to the secondary coil of an electric power
transformer. When a Charging station is plugged into AC power supply, the power
supplied is rectified to DC by the rectifier system after which the switching system
takes over. The reason for the switching is to be able to generate the changing
magnetic flux needed to induce charges in the receiver coil.
The receiver coil collects the incoming power and passes it on to the receiver
circuit which converts the incoming power to DC and then applies the power
received to charge the battery.
As established above, power transfer occurs when magnetic flux, created by
establishing an alternating magnetic field in the transmitter coil, is converted into
an electrical current in the receiver coil. The amount of electrical current generated
depends on the amount of flux generated by the transmitter and how much of that
flux the receiver coil was able to capture. The amount of flux the receiver captures
depends on the “coupling factor” which is determined by the size, distance and
positioning of the receiver coil relative to the transmitter coil. This means a higher
coupling factor will result in higher energy transfer. To increases the chances of a
higher coupling factor.

Wireless Charging Standards

Wireless Charging Standards refer to the set of rules governing the design and
development of wireless devices. There currently two different industry standard
for wireless charging being promoted by to different bodies.
1. Rezence Standard
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2. QI Standard
The Rezence standard is based on resonant inductive charging such that charging
occurs when both the transmitter and receiver coils are in resonance. With this
standard, devices can achieve a greater distance between the transmitter and the
receiver for charging. This standard is being promoted by the Alliance for wireless
power (A4WP).
The QI standard on the other hand achieves wireless energy transfer using tight
coupling between the coils and against the Rezence standard, the transmitter and
receiver coil are always designed to operate at slightly different frequencies as it is
believed more power is delivered using this setup. The QI Standard is being
promoted by the wireless power consortium which includes members like Apple
inc, Qualcomm, HTC to mention a few. You can select the wireless standard that
best suits your application by considering the trade-offs between the EMI,
efficiency, and the freedom of alignment between the two standards. Nevertheless,
certain wireless charging stations are designed to support both the standards, these
provide high interoperability between devices.

Simple Wireless Charger Set Design

Before building a wireless charging system the following should be put into
consideration.
1. Standard: When equipping a device with wireless charging abilities, the
first thing to do is to select the wireless power standard that fits the device and its
use cases. Certain charging system are based on multiple standards.
2. Coil Selection: The next thing is selecting the right coil type and coil
geometry to fit the use case. Vendors provide these coils in standard gauges so
selection of the appropriate should be based on the recommendation of the
datasheet of the wireless charging transmitter IC to be used.
3. Enclosure: When designing Wireless systems, it is important that the
enclosure of the devices is not metal and is of a relatively flat surface to achieve a
higher coupling factor between the transmitter and the receiver. Metal effectively
prevents the energy being transmitted from getting to the receiver and the plastic
enclosure must be designed to be ultra-thin.

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Design of Transmitter
The wireless charging system comprises of both the transmitter and the receiver as
stated earlier. Below is the schematic showing the design of a transmitter.

There are three main components that make up the transmitter; the power source,
the transmitter coil and the switching circuit. The power source is usually DC from
a rectified AC. After rectification the switching circuit is used to generate the
alternating signal used in the creation of the changing magnetic field to induce
current transfer from the transmitter to the receiver via the transmitter coil.

Design of Receiver
The design of the receiver is similar that of the transmitter except the action takes
place in reverse order. The receiver consists of a receiver coil, resonance network,
and rectifier and a charger IC which uses the output of the rectifier circuit to charge
the connected battery.
An example of the receiver circuit is shown in the image below with the functional
parts Highlighted. This example is based on the LTC4120 charging IC.

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Applications
Wireless charging is currently being used in many applications including:
1. Smartphones and wearable
2. Notebooks and tablets
3. Power tools and service robots, such as vacuum cleaners
4. Multicopters and electric toys
5. Medical devices
6. In-car charging