LESSON #11: Centroid-Center of Gravity

Statics - RB

MODULE 3-MIDTERM
HOLY ANGEL UNIVERSITY
School of Engineering and Architecture
Department of Civil Engineering
 LESSON #11: CENTROID-CENTER OF GRAVITY MODULE 3-MIDTERM

LESSON #11: Centroid-Center of Gravity

In this lesson you will be able
 Discuss the concept of the center of gravity, center of mass, and the centroid.
 Show how to determine the location of the center of gravity and centroid for a system of
discrete particles and a body of arbitrary shape.
All concepts sample problems and figures are from the followings books,
 Meriam, Kraig.(2012). Engineering Mechanics Statics, 9th ed. John Wiley & Sons.
 Beer, Johnston, Mazurek, Eisenberg. (2010). Vector Mechanics for Engineers: STATICS, 7th
ed.,McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
 R.C.Hibbeler (2010). Engineering Mechanics, 12th ed., New Jersey: Prentice Hall
 Pytel, Kiusalaas (2010). Engineering Mechanics:Statics, 3rd ed., Cengage Learning, Stamford,
CT USA
You can also refer to the following online pages for additional information.
 HAU BOOKs 24x7
 http://www.civilengineering.com
 CE 474 Structural Analysis II Homepage.https://engineering.purdue.edu/~ce474/
 NPTEL Phase II::Civil Engineering-Structural Analysis I .nptel.ac.in/downloads/105101085/

Center of Gravity of a body

 Is a point where the weight of the body acts and total gravitational torque on the body is
zero.

Centroid
 Is the average position of all the points of an object. also known as the geometric center of
the object.

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 LESSON #11: CENTROID-CENTER OF GRAVITY MODULE 3-MIDTERM

CENTER OF GRAVITY OF A TWO-DIMENSIONAL BODY

CENTER OF GRAVITY OF A PLATE CENTER OF GRAVITY OF A WIRE

̅𝑾 = ∑ 𝒙 ∆𝑾
∑ 𝑴𝒚 : 𝒙

̅𝑾 = ∑ 𝒚 ∆𝑾
∑ 𝑴𝒙 : 𝒚

∑ 𝑭𝒛 : 𝑾 = ∆𝑾𝟏 + ∆𝑾𝟐 + ⋯ + ∆𝑾𝒏

Coordinate of Center of gravity

∑ 𝑴𝒚 : ̅𝑾 = 𝒙𝟏 ∆𝑾𝟏 + 𝒙𝟐 ∆𝑾𝟐 + ⋯ + 𝒙𝒏 ∆𝑾𝒏

𝒙

∑ 𝑴𝒙 : ̅𝑾 = 𝒚𝟏 ∆𝑾𝟏 + 𝒚𝟐 ∆𝑾𝟐 + ⋯ + 𝒚𝒏 ∆𝑾𝒏

𝒚

Note: that the center of gravity G of a wire is usually not located on the wire.
CENTROIDS OF AREAS AND LINES

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 LESSON #11: CENTROID-CENTER OF GRAVITY MODULE 3-MIDTERM

CENTROID OF AN AREA

∑ 𝐹𝑧 : 𝑊 = ∆𝑊1 + ∆𝑊2 + ⋯ + ∆𝑊𝑛

𝑊 = 𝛾𝑡𝐴 ∆𝑊 = 𝛾𝑡∆𝐴
Coordinate of Center of gravity

∑ 𝑴𝒚 : ̅𝑨 = 𝒙𝟏 ∆𝑨𝟏 + 𝒙𝟐 ∆𝑨𝟐 + ⋯ + 𝒙𝒏 ∆𝑨𝒏

𝒙

∑ 𝑴𝒙 : ̅𝑨 = 𝒚𝟏 ∆𝑨𝟏 + 𝒚𝟐 ∆𝑨𝟐 + ⋯ + 𝒚𝒏 ∆𝑨𝒏

𝒚

CENTROID OF A LINE
Coordinate of Center of gravity

∑ 𝑴𝒚 : ̅𝑳 = 𝒙𝟏 ∆𝑳𝟏 + 𝒙𝟐 ∆𝑳𝟐 + ⋯ + 𝒙𝒏 ∆𝑳𝒏

𝒙

∑ 𝑴𝒙 : ̅𝑳 = 𝒚𝟏 ∆𝑳𝟏 + 𝒚𝟐 ∆𝑳𝟐 + ⋯ + 𝒚𝒏 ∆𝑳𝒏

𝒚

FIRST MOMENTS OF AREAS AND LINES

With respect By Integration By product or area and
to coordinates of centroid.

y-axis ̅𝑨
𝑸𝒚 = 𝒙
𝑸𝒚 = ∫ 𝒙𝒅𝑨
𝑸𝒚
̅=
𝒙
𝑨
x-axis ̅𝑨
𝑸𝒙 = 𝒚
𝑸𝒙 = ∫ 𝒚𝒅𝑨
𝑸𝒙
̅=
𝒚
𝑨

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 LESSON #11: CENTROID-CENTER OF GRAVITY MODULE 3-MIDTERM

COMPOSITE PLATES

̅ (𝑨𝟏 + 𝑨𝟐 + ⋯ + 𝑨𝒏 ) = ̅̅̅𝑨
𝑸𝒚 = 𝑿 𝒙𝟏 𝟏 + ̅̅̅𝑨
𝒙𝟐 𝟐 + ⋯ + ̅̅̅𝑨
𝒙𝒏 𝒏
̅ (𝑨𝟏 + 𝑨𝟐 + ⋯ + 𝑨𝒏 ) = ̅̅̅𝑨
𝑸𝒙 = 𝒀 𝒚𝟏 𝟏 + ̅̅̅𝑨
𝒚𝟐 𝟐 + ⋯ + ̅𝒚̅̅𝒏̅𝑨𝒏

Centroids of common shapes of areas and lines

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LESSON #11: CENTROID-CENTER OF GRAVITY MODULE 3-MIDTERM

Example #1: ( sample problem 8.1, Engineering 𝐿

𝑄𝑥 = ∫ 𝑦𝑑𝐴 = ∫ (𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )𝑦 𝑑𝑦
Mechanics, Pytel, 3rd.ed) 0

Determine the coordinates of the centroid of the 9

2
2𝑦 𝑄𝑥 = ∫ 𝑦𝑑𝐴 = ∫ (√4𝑦 − 𝑦) 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
area that lies between the straight line 𝑥 = 3
and 0 3
the parabola 𝑥 2 = 4𝑦 , where x and y are measured
𝑄𝑥 = 32.4𝑖𝑛3
in inches.
Coordinates of the centroids
𝑸𝒚 𝟐𝟕
̅=
𝒙 = = 𝟑 𝒊𝒏.
𝑨 𝟗
𝑸𝒙 𝟑𝟐. 𝟒
̅=
𝒚 = = 𝟑. 𝟔 𝒊𝒏.
𝑨 𝟗
Example#2: (ex. 9.1, Engineering Mechanics, R.C.
Hibbeler, 12th Ed.)

Locate the centroid of the rod bent into the shape

Solution of a parabolic arc.
By Integration

Solve for the Area

𝑦 Using Pythagorean Theorem, Express the
𝐴 = ∫ (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )𝑑𝑥 differential element dL in terms of differential dx
0
and dy
6
3 1
𝐴 = ∫ ( 𝑥 − 𝑥 2 ) 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 2
0 2 4
𝑑𝐿 = √𝑑𝑥 2 + 𝑑𝑦 2 = √( ) + 1 𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑦
𝐴 = 9 𝑖𝑛2
𝑑𝑥
First moment of the Area Differentiate: 𝑥 = 𝑦 2 , 𝑑𝑦
= 2𝑦
𝐿
Therefore: 𝑑𝐿 = √(2𝑦)2 + 1 𝑑𝑦
𝑄𝑦 = ∫ 𝑥𝑑𝐴 = ∫ (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )𝑥 𝑑𝑥
0
6 𝐴 = ∫ 𝑑𝐿
3 1
𝑄𝑦 = ∫ 𝑥𝑑𝐴 = ∫ ( 𝑥 − 𝑥 2 ) 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
0 2 4 1
𝐴 = ∫ √(2𝑦)2 + 1 𝑑𝑦
𝑄𝑦 = 27𝑖𝑛3 0

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LESSON #11: CENTROID-CENTER OF GRAVITY MODULE 3-MIDTERM

𝐴 = 1.479 𝑚
1
𝑄𝑦 = ∫ 𝑥𝑑𝐿 = ∫ 𝑥√(2𝑦)2 + 1 𝑑𝑦
0
3
1
𝑄𝑦 = ∫ 𝑦 2 √(2𝑦)2 + 1 𝑑𝑦
0

𝑄𝑦 = 0.606𝑚2
1
𝑄𝑥 = ∫ 𝑦𝑑𝐿 = ∫ 𝑦√(2𝑦)2 + 1 𝑑𝑦
0
̅𝑨 −𝟕𝟐𝒙𝟏𝟎𝟑
∑𝒙
𝑄𝑥 = 0.848𝑚 2 𝑋̅ = = = 𝟏𝟎 𝒎𝒎
∑𝑨 𝟕𝟐𝟎𝟎
Coordinates of the centroid ̅𝑨 −𝟔𝟐𝟗. 𝟖𝟒𝒙𝟏𝟎𝟑
∑𝒚
𝑌̅ = = = 𝟖𝟕. 𝟒𝟕𝟖 𝒎𝒎
𝑸𝒚 𝟎. 𝟔𝟎𝟔 ∑𝑨 𝟕𝟐𝟎𝟎
̅=
𝒙 = = 𝟎. 𝟒𝟏 𝒎
𝑨 𝟏. 𝟒𝟕𝟗 Example #3: (sample prob. 5.2, Vector Mechanics
𝑸𝒙 𝟎. 𝟖𝟒𝟖 for Engineer-Statics, 9th ed.)
̅=
𝒚 = = 𝟎. 𝟓𝟕𝟑 𝒎
𝑨 𝟏. 𝟒𝟕𝟗
The figure shown is made from a piece of thin,
homogeneous wire. Determine the location of its
center of gravity.

Example #3: (p.5.9, Vector Mechanics for Solution

Engineers-Statics, Beer and Johnston, 9th.ed.)

Locate the centroid of the plane area shown

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LESSON #11: CENTROID-CENTER OF GRAVITY MODULE 3-MIDTERM

Segment Length, in
AB
AC
BC


∑𝒙
̅𝑳 𝟔𝟎𝟎
𝑋̅ = = = 𝟏𝟎 𝒊𝒏
∑𝑳 𝟔𝟎
∑𝒚
̅𝑳 𝟏𝟖𝟎
𝑌̅ = = = 𝟑 𝒊𝒏
∑𝑳 𝟔𝟎

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