TEMPERATURE

What is Meant by Temperature?

Temperature is the degree of hotness or coldness of an object or substance. Temperature
measures how high or low the thermal energy in an object is. The higher an object is, the
more thermal energy it has, and vice versa. Temperature can be measured using a tool called
a thermometer.

Why Do We Need a Temperature Measuring Instrument?

Temperature measuring instruments, such as thermometers are very important because

temperature affects many aspects of daily life. For example, we use a thermometer to
determine body temperature when we get fever, air temperature to predict the weather, and
water temperature for cooking or bathing.

These are some temperatures measuring instruments:

• Clinical thermometers are meant for clinical purposes. It is developed for

measuring the human body temperature.
• Laboratory thermometer, which is used for measuring temperatures for lab
purposes such as checking the boiling point, checking freezing point, and
checking the temperature of substances, etc.
• Industrial thermometers, designed for industrial and factory purposes.

Why Do We Need to Know the Temperature Scale?

Temperature scales provide a standard way to measure temperature accurately. There are
several commonly used temperature scales, such as Celsius, Fahrenheit, and Kelvin.
Temperature scales allow us to communicate and behave consistently in measuring
temperatures across different countries and scientific fields.
How to Determine the Temperature Scale?

The Celsius and Fahrenheit temperature scales use the freezing point of water and the boiling
point of water as references. On the Celsius scale, the freezing point of water is 0°C and the
boiling point of water is 100°C, at standard pressure. Meanwhile, on the Fahrenheit scale, the
freezing point of water is 32°F and the boiling point of water is 212°F at standard pressure.

And the Kelvin scale, starts from absolute zero, absolute zero is 0 Kelvin, or -273°C, which is
the lowest possible temperature, where all molecular motion theoretically stops. To convert
from Celsius to Kelvin, you add 273. Kelvin = Celsius + 273. The Kelvin scale is also the SI
unit of temperature.

Comparison of Temperature Scales

Celsius : Fahrenheit : Kelvin

100 : 180 : 100

5 : 9 :5

➢ Celsius to kelvin:

K = Celsius + 273

Q.1 If the weather forecast says it will be 32°C in a city tomorrow, what will that
temperature be in Kelvin?

Answer:

K = 32 +273 = 305 K

➢ Celsius to Fahrenheit:

Formula → °F = °C × (9/5) + 32

Q.2 Convert 20°C to Fahrenheit!

Answer:

°F = 20 × (9/5) + 32 = 36 + 32 = 68°F.

Therefore, 20° Celsius is equal to 68° Fahrenheit.

 Work sheet

Name: ________________ Date: ________________

Instructions: Answer the following questions based on what you've learned.

1. What is temperature, and what does it measure?

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

2. Why do we need temperature measuring instruments like thermometers? Provide

example of their practical uses! ___________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

3. List three types of temperature measuring instruments and briefly explain their
purposes.
a. _________________________ - Purpose: ____________________________
b. _________________________ - Purpose: ____________________________
c. _________________________ - Purpose: ____________________________

4. Why knowing the temperature scale is important? ________________________

_________________________________________________________________

5. Which temperature scale starts from absolute zero, and what is absolute zero?

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

6. Convert the following temperatures:

a. Convert 25°C to Kelvin.
Answer: ________ K
b. If it's 300 Kelvin outside, what is the temperature in degrees Celsius?
Answer: ________ °C
c. Convert 10°C to Fahrenheit.
Answer: ________ °F
d. If it's 0°C in a place, what is the temperature in Fahrenheit?
Answer: ________ °F