Animal Tissue

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What are animal tissues?
These are tissues found in animals
There are 4 different types of animal tissue:-
● Epithelial

● Muscular

● Nervous

● Connective

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Epithelial tissues
What is epithelial tissues:-
● The covering or protective tissues in the animal body are epithelial tissues.
● The cells of this tissue are tightly packed and it forms continuous sheet
● The skin and lining of buccal cavity, blood vessels, alveoli of lungs and kidney
tubules are made of epithelial tissue.
● Epithelial cells lie on a basement membrane.
Functions of epithelial tissues:-
1. Epithelial cells protect the underlying cells from mechanical
and chemical injuries and bacterial or viral infection.
2. It covers most organs and cavities within the body.
3. Some epithelial tissues secrete secretion, such as sweat.
Mascular
● Muscular tissue constitutes all the muscles of the body of an animal.
● Muscle cells are elongated and large sized, so they are called muscle fibres.
● This tissue is responsible for movement in our body. Muscles contain special
proteins called contractile proteins, which contract and relax to cause movement.
●On the basis of their location, structure and function, there are following three
types of muscle fibers:-
1. Striated muscles (skeletal or voluntary muscles)
2. Smooth muscles (unstriated or involuntary muscles)
3. Cardiac muscles
Striated muscles Unstriated muscles Cardiac muscles
● Present in limbs, ● Present in the wall of ● They are present in the
tongue. alimentary canal, wall of heart.
● Muscle fibres are blood vessels, ● Muscle fibres are
cylindrical. respiratory tract, cylindrical.
● Fibres are unbranched. urinary bladder etc. ● Fibres are branched.
● Muscle cells are ● Muscle fibres are ● Muscle cells are
multinucleated. spindle-shaped. uninucleate.
● Dark and light bands ● Fibres are unbranched. ● Striations are present.
(cross striations) ● Muscle cells are ● Involuntary.
present. uninucleate.
● Voluntary (work ● Striations absent.
according to our will). ● Involuntary.
Nervous tissues
● A tissue which is specialized to transmit messages in our body is
nervous tissue.
● Brain, spinal cord and nerves are all composed of nervous tissue.
● Nervous tissue contains cells called nerve cells or neurons.
● A neuron consists of a cell body with a nucleus and cytoplasm, from
which long and thin hair- like parts arise called dendrites.
● The longest extension is called axon.
● Functions:
1. The nervous tissue is responsible for
the transmission of information between
2. different parts of the body.
3. The dendrites receive impulses and
the axon takes impulses away from the cell body.
Connective tissues
● The connective tissue is specialized to connect various body organs.
● The cells of connective tissue are loosely spaced and embedded in an
intercellular matrix. The matrix may be jelly- like, fluid or rigid.
● Types of connective tissue:
1. Areolar (loose) connective tissue
2. Ligament
3. Tendon
4. Adipose connective tissue
5. Bone
6. Cartilage
7. Blood
 Areolar Ligament Tendon
● It is a loose connective ● These are elastic ● Tendons are strong
tissue. structures which inelastic structures
● Areolar connective connect bone to another.
that join muscles to
tissue is found between ● It has considerable
strength. bones. It has great
the skin and muscles,
● Ligaments contain very strength but its
around blood
little matrix. flexibility is limited.
● vessels and nerves and
● Ligaments strengthen
in the bone marrow. the joint and they permit
● It fills the spaces normal movement but
between different prevent over-flexing.
tissues and organs.
 Adipose
● It consists of large number of
rounded adipose cells filled with fat
globules.
● The adipose tissue is abundant below
the skin, between the internal
organs.
● It serves as a fat reservoir.
● It acts as an insulator and regulates
body temperature.
Blood
● Blood is fluid connective tissue.
● The blood contain liquid part-
Plasma and cellular part called
blood cells. These are:
1. Red blood corpuscles – transport of
oxygen with the help of pigment
called haemoglobin
2. White blood corpuscles – fight
infections, so called soldier cells of
the body
3. Platelets- help in blood clotting
 Bone
● They are hard and rigid.
● Bones are present in the whole
bodyforming internal skeletal
framework.
● It provides shape to the body.
● It provides skeletal support to the
body.
● It protects vital body organs such as
brain, lungs etc.
Cartilage
● They are soft and flexible.
● Cartilage are present at the joints of
bones, in external ear (pinna), nose
tip, epiglottis, trachea etc.
● Cartilage provides support and
flexibility to the body parts.
● It smoothes body surfaces at joints.
The End
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