- A group of cells similar in structure,

function, and origin is called tissues.

- In animals, the structure of a tissue
depends on its function.
- An animal body is made of four
different types of tissues.
- They have been classified based on the
type of cell, function, and location in
the body.
The four basic types of Animal
Tissue
 Epithelial tissue
• is a type of tissue made up of tightly
packed cells

• commonly seen outside the body as

coverings or as linings of organs and
cavities

• Examples of epithelial tissue include the

skin, the lining of the mouth and nose, and
the lining of the digestive system.
 FUNCTIONS OF EPITHELIAL TISSUE:

• Provides a barrier between the external environment and

the organ it covers.

• Specialized to function in secretion and absorption.

• Protects organisms from microorganisms, injury, and fluid

loss.

• Excretes waste products such as sweat from the skin.

How they look
How many layers
 Cells that make up epithelial tissues can
have a distinct arrangement:
• Simple Squamous Epithelium
> plate-like cells; for exchange of material through
diffusion
• Simple Cuboidal Epithelium
> The tissue is made of cube-shaped cells, it is
for secretion.
CELLS LOCATION FUNCTION
• Simple Columnar Epithelium
>brick-shaped cell; for secretion and
active absorption
CELLS LOCATION FUNCTION
• Stratified Squamous Epithelium
> multilayered and regenerates quickly; for
protection
CELLS LOCATION FUNCTION
• Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium
> found mainly in glands, which specialize in
selective absorption and secretion by the
gland into blood or lymph vessels.

CELLS LOCATION FUNCTION

• Pseudo-stratified columnar epithelium
> single layer cells; may just look stacked
because of varying height; for lining of
respiratory tract; usually lined with cilia.
CELLS LOCATION FUNCTION
 Connective tissues
• are made up of fibrous cells

• Blood and bone are examples of specialized

connective tissues.

• The cells of the connective tissue are separate by

non- living material called extracellular matrix.

• These tissues help hold other tissues together like

during the formation of organs and have the ability
to stretch and contract positively.
 FUNCTIONS OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE:

• Help to hold other tissues together like

during the formation of organs and have
the ability to stretch and contract positively

• Maintaining mineral homeostasis

• connect and support the different tissues,

organs, and parts of the body.
 Blood

 is made up of plasma (ie.,

liquid extracellular
matrix) that contains
water, salts, and
dissolved proteins;
erythrocytes that carry
oxygen (RBC), leukocytes
for defense (WBC), and
platelets for blood
clotting.
 It is the only fluid
connective tissue.
 Connective tissue proper (CTP)
- is made up of loose connective
tissue that is made up of
collagenous fibers found in
tendons and ligaments (holds
bones together and keeps
them in place).

- Adipose tissues are examples

of loose connective tissues
that store fats which functions
to insulate the body and store
energy.
 Cartilage
- is characterized by collagenous
fibers embedded in chondroitin
sulfate.

- Chondrocytes are the cells that

secrete collagen and chondroitin
sulfate.

- Cartilage functions as cushion

between bones.

- They are present at the tips of

external ears, bronchi, vertebral
column, etc.
 Bone
- is a mineralized connective
tissue made by bone-forming
cells called osteoblasts which
deposit collagen.

- It is a hard-connective tissue
which forms the framework
of the body.

- The matrix of collagen is

combined with calcium,
magnesium, and phosphate
ions to make the bone hard.
 Muscle tissues

• are tissues composed of long cells called

muscle fibers that allow the body to move
voluntary or involuntary.

• Movement of muscles is a response to

signals coming from nerve cells.
 FUNCTIONS OF MUSCLE TISSUE:

• Muscle contractions are responsible for

virtually all the movements of the body, both
inside and out.

• The contraction helps the organs carry out their

functions. For example, when smooth muscle in
the stomach contracts, it squeezes the food
inside the stomach, which helps break the food
into smaller pieces.
- These muscles can be categorized into
the following:

- Skeletal -striated in appearance;

voluntary movements; enable humans
to move and perform daily activities.

- Cardiac – striated with intercalated disk

for synchronized heart contraction;
involuntary; performs coordinated
contractions that allow your heart to
pump blood through your circulatory
system.

- Smooth – not striated muscle with

tampered ends; involuntary; it serves a
variety of functions.
 Nervous tissues
• are composed of nerve cells called neurons and
glial cells that function as support cells.

• These neurons sense stimuli and transmit electrical

signals throughout the animal body.

• Neurons connect to other neurons to send signals.

• The dendrite is the part of the neuron that receives

impulses from other neurons while the axon is the
part where the impulse is transmitted to other
neurons.
FUNCTIONS OF NERVOUS TISSUE:

• Responsible for the carrying of electrical

and chemical signals from the brain and
central nervous system to the periphery,
and vice versa

• Transmit nerve impulses around the body

• These tissues are composed of nerve cells called
neurons and glial cells that function as support cells.
• These neurons sense stimuli and transmit electrical
signals throughout the animal body.
• Neurons connect to other neurons to send signals.
• The dendrite is the part of the neuron that receives
impulses from other neurons while the axon is the
part where the impulse is transmitted to other
neurons.
Typical structure of neurons