CELL PARTS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS

• All the cellular organelles are functioning well in order to

support life. There is no least or more important part
because all are equally essential. Everybody will suffer
even if one organelle fails to perform its function.

• It’s like you and me, we have different roles but all roles
are needed to keep life possible. Much like in your family,
each member need each other in order to survive, you
need your parents much as your parents needs you. The
parts and function of the cell is like a TEAM. Together
Everybody Achieves More!
Bible Connection!
“Luke 11:17
“Any kingdom divided against itself will be ruined, and a
house divided against itself will fall”

Home Connection!
In our family, our parents are the nucleus and in order to
keep the family intact, children must obey their parents and
do the task required to them and that is to study hard and in
doing that harmonious relationship within the family will
happen.
 WHAT IS A CELL?
A cell is defined as the smallest, basic unit of life that is
responsible for all life’s processes.

A cell can replicate itself independently. Hence, they are

known as the building blocks of life.

All organisms are made up of cells. They may be made up

of a single cell (unicellular), or many cells (multicellular).
PARTS AND THEIR
FUNCTIONS
 CYTOPLASM
Is the region found outside the
nucleus surrounded by cell
membrane.
Contains semifluid translucent
substance called cytosol.
Its jelly like feature secures the
organelles in plants and animals so
that they remain in place.
 NUCLEUS
 Usually a spherical organelle that is
located near the center of the cell.
 It’s often called the “control center”
of the cell because it contains DNA.
 Contains the genetic material DNA
that directs production of protein
and other many cellular processes.
 Main function is to control gene
expression and initiate DNA
replication.
The nucleolus is where the ribosomes are formed and this
structure can be found both in plants and animals.
 ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

 Network of membranous canals that are

continuous with the nuclear envelope.
 Serves as passageway for substances
between the cytoplasm and the nucleus.
 They transport proteins from one part of
the cell to another that is why they are
called as the transport center of the cell.
Rough ER Smooth ER

 Is studded with attached

ribosomes.
 Provides surface for ribosomes
where the synthesis of many
secretory proteins takes place.
Rough ER

Smooth ER
>Performs important functions
including lipid synthesis,
carbohydrate metabolism, and helps
in detoxification of drug and poison.
GOLGI APPARATUS
 Named after Camillo Golgi who
discovered them in 1898.
 Performs unique functions of
manufacturing, processing, and
packaging macromolecules like
protein and other products and
secretions before they are sent
to their respective Golgi Body
destinations.
 LYSOSOME
 This membrane-bound sac organelle
encloses strong hydrolytic enzymes
that can break down all large Lysosome
macromolecules.

 Referred to as suicide bags of the cell

 Lysosomes pick up bacteria, food,

and old organelles in plant and
animal cell and break them into small
pieces that can be reused.
 VACUOLES
 is the storage area of the cell.

 Vacuoles store water, food, Vacuole

and waste.

 Animals have a very small

vacuole while plants as the
producers through the process
of photosynthesis have a big
central vacuole.
MITOCHONDRIA
 Are viewed under the microscope as
sausage- shaped bodies in the
cytoplasm.

 Often referred as the “powerhouse

of the cell.”

 They are the centers of cellular

respiration, a process in which
energy-rich ATP (Adenosine
Triphosphate) that functions in
energy storage and transfer is
produced.
RIBOSOMES
 These are where proteins are
manufactured.

 These are very essential since all

the functions and processes in
plant and animal cell requires
protein.
CHLOROPLASTS
 Basically found in plant cells
and other photosynthetic
organisms.

 Contain the green pigment

chlorophyll that captures
light energy from the sun and
converts it into chemical
energy through the process
of photosynthesis.
Chloroplasts
 CYTOSKELETON
 Composed of a network of
filaments that extend in the
entire region of the
cytoplasm.

 The general function is to give

support and maintain the
structure and shape of the
cell. Cytoskeleton
Protective boundary structures
of the cells.
 CELL WALL
 Is found outside the cell
membrane of plant cells, fungi,
and bacteria.

 Provides rigidity and structural

support of the cells.

 is a rigid organelle composed of

cellulose that gives plant cell its
box-like shape. Cell Wall
CELL MEMBRANE
 Dynamic membrane separating the
interior of the cell from the
outside environment.

 Aside from enclosing the cell, it

gives form and shape to the cell.

 It controls the passage of

substances in and out of the cell.
School as an Analogy for Cell Structure
and Function
The parts of the school are like the parts of the
cell, keep reading and see how their functions are
almost the same!
Security guard- cell membrane because the guard chooses who can enter or leave
the school, only those with student I.D can enter.

School perimeter- cytoplasm because it is where all the parts and processes of the
school can be found

Principal- nucleus because the principal is the person in authority inside the school
especially in terms of management and decision making.

DepEd- nucleolus because they are the ones responsible for hiring and producing
teachers like how nucleolus produces the ribosomes.

Teachers- Ribosomes because they are the ones active in making the students the
best person that they can be.
Classrooms- Golgi Body because it is where the students are taught and package
physically, mentally, socially and spiritually.

Canteen- Mitochondria because the food served in the canteen gives energy to the
students and teachers.

Janitor/Maintenance Team-Lysosome because lie lysosome they get rid of trashes

by cleaning the school premises.

Hallways and corridor- endoplasmic reticulum because they are the passageway
that could be used to transport services, materials and processes involve in the
teaching and learning process.

Cabinets- Vacuole because it stores books, papers and other stocks needed by the
school