EARTH AND LIFE

SCIENCE
MS. JOIE B. MONREAL
SUBJECT TEACHER
 CELL
“THE BASIC UNIT OF LIFE”
CEL COMES FROM THE GREEK
L NAME “ CELLULA”
WHICH MEANS SMALL
ROOMS
 2 types of organism
Unicellular Organism - depends upon just one
cell for all of its functions.

Multicellular organism - has cells specialized

to perform different functions that collectively
support the organism. 
UNICELLULAR ORGANISMS
MULTICELLULAR
ORGANISMS
TYPES OF
CELLS
2 TYPES OF CELLS
• EUKARYOTIC CELLS
• PROKARYOTIC CELLS
EUKARYOTIC CELLS
• A eukaryotic cell contains
membrane-bound organelles
such as a nucleus,
mitochondria, and an
endoplasmic reticulum.
FUNGI
PLANTS
ANIMALS
HUMAN
PROKARYOTIC CELLS
• A prokaryotic cell is a type
of cell that does not have a true
nucleus or membrane-bound
organelles.
bacteria
Shapes of bacterias
 CELL
ORGANELLE
S
 ORGANELLES
Organelles means “little organs” they are the specialized
parts of the cell that have unique jobs to perform.

They are embedded within the cytoplasm

They are often enclosed by their own membrane

 NUCLEUS
It is a membrane-bound organelle, it is enclosed within the
nuclear envelope.
“The brain of the cell or the control center of the cell”
The largest organelle inside the cell
 It contains the DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) the genetic
material, DNA dictates all the process inside the cell.
It also containes the nucleolus where ribosomes are made.
It is also where transcription and replication process occurs.
NUCLEUS
NUCLEOLUS

NUCLEAR ENVELOPE
 PLASMA MEMBRANE
Separates the interior of the cell to the
extracellular space. “Gate Keeper”

Contains a lipid bilayer that serves as a

barrier of substances going inside and
outside of the cell.
PLASMA MEMBRANE
NUCLEUS
NUCLEOLUS

NUCLEAR ENVELOPE

PLASMA MEMBRANE
 CYTOPLASM
It is the jelly-like substance between the Nucleus
and the cell membrane where organelles float in.
Responsible for holding the components of the cell
and protects them from damage.
It stores the molecules required for cellular
processes and is also responsible for giving the
cell its shape.
CYTOPLASM
 RIBOSOMES
 Minute particles consisting of RNA and associated
proteins that function to synthesize proteins.
 Proteins are needed for many cellular functions such
as repairing damage or directing chemical processes. 
Ribosomes can be found floating within the
cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.
RIBOSOMES
 ENDOPLASMIC
RETICULUM
“The passageway of substances in the cell”
Serves important functions particularly in the synthesis, folding,
modification, and transport of proteins.
There are 2 types of ER
a. Smooth ER – no ribosomes on its surface, Synthesizes lipids,
phospholipids in plasma membranes.
b.Rough ER – has ribosomes attached on it, responsible for protein
synthesis
ROUGH ER
RIBOSOMES

CYTOPLASM

SMOOTH ER
 GOLGI
APPARATUS
 “The packaging center of the cell”
 Helps process and package proteins and lipid
molecules, especially proteins destined to be exported
from the cell.
 Appears as a series of stacked membranes.
 Located in the cytoplasm next to the endoplasmic
reticulum and near the cell nucleus.
GOLGI APPARATUS
 VACUOLE
Are sac like structure that store different materials, food, water and
a variety of nutrients. “food and water storage of the cell”
Isolating materials that might be harmful or a threat to the cell.
Maintaining internal hydrostatic pressure or turgor within the cell.
In plant cells, vacuoles help maintain water balance. Sometimes a
single vacuole can take up most of the interior space of the plant cell.
VACUOLE
PLANT CELL
VA

VACUOLE
 LYSOSOMES
Take in damage or worn out cell parts. “Scuicide
Bag”
Contains digestive enzymes which are involve in the
break down of excess or worn-out cell parts/cellular
debris.
They may be used to destroy invading viruses and
bacteria.
LYSOSOMES

VACUOLE

GOLGI APPARATUS
 MITOCHONDRIA
“Is the powerhouse of the cell”
Are membrane-bound cell organelles that generate most of
the chemical energy needed to power the cell's biochemical
reactions.
Chemical energy produced by the mitochondria is stored in
a small molecule called adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which
is later use by the cell for it’s biochemical processes.
CRISTA/CRISTAE

Is a fold in the inner membrane of a

mitochondrion.
 it gives the inner membrane its characteristic
wrinkled shape, providing a large amount of
surface area for chemical reactions to occur on.
 CYTOSKELETO
N
Contains microtubules which are thin
hollowed tubes and threadlike microfilaments
which are made of protein.

They maintain the shape of the cell.

 CHLOROPLA
ST
 Can be found only on plant cells
 It is where photosynthesis happens, captures
sunlight for energy production.
 It is green because of it’s green pigment called
chlorophyll.
PLANT CELL

CHLOROPLAST
 CELL WALL
 Can only be found in plants, a membrane that
shapes, support and protects the plant cell.

 Maintains the rigidity of the plant.

PLANT CELL

CELL WALL
Thank you!!!