REVIEW OF THE PREVIOUS LESSON

REVIEW OF THE PREVIOUS LESSON

 ACTIVITY: AVIAN ANATOMY
Directions: Each group will guess at least 10
external body structure of a bird. After identifying
the structures, each group will provide and explain
the function of its structure. A representative of the
group will explain the output of the class after 5
minutes.
GUIDE QUESTIONS
1. How will you explain the importance of each
external structure of the organism? Give at
least 3

2. Why do you think these external structures of

an organism were formed inside the body?
ANIMAL TISSUES

PREPARED BY : LYNDON F. DELA CRUZ, LPT

OBJECTIVES
➢ Compare and contrast the different tissues in
the animal’s body

➢ Describe the structure and functions of

animal tissues and organs

➢Recognize the important functions of animal

tissues
ACTIVITY: DISCOVERING ANIMAL TISSUES
Directions: Each group will be assigned to
different organisms. Using the materials
provided for the activity, each group will give
2 examples for each type of tissues and its
functions. They will locate the tissues present
in the assigned organism. After 20 minutes, a
representative will present the output to the
class.
ACTIVITY: DISCOVERING ANIMAL TISSUES
Each group is assigned to the following
species for the activity:

Alpha and Beta- Leghorn Chicken

Delta and Gamma- Tree Frog
FOUR TYPES OF EXAMPLES FUNCTIONS
ANIMAL TISSUE

CONNECTIVE

EPITHELIAL

NERVOUS

MUSCLE TISSUE
 LEGHORN CHICKEN
Scientific Classification

Kingdom :Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class :Aves
Order :Galliformes
Family :Phasianidae
Genus: Gallus
Scientific Name : Gallus
Gallus Domesticus
 TREE FROG
Scientific Classification

Kingdom :Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class :Amphibia
Order :Anura
Family : Hylidae
Genus: Hyla
Scientific Name : Hyla
Cinerea
GUIDE QUESTIONS
➢ How will you differentiate the tissues
present in the species ?

➢ How will you describe the structure and

functions of animals organs and tissues?
A
OBJECTIVES
➢ Compare and contrast the different
tissues in the animal’s body

➢ Describe the structure and functions of

animal tissues and organs

➢
ANIMAL TISSUES
• Tissues are formed as a result of cell differentiation

• Human body is made up of more than 200 differentiated

cells

• A tissue is a group of similar cells that performs a

common function
ANIMAL TISSUES
• There are four types of tissues found in animals:
epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous.
A
EPITHELIAL TISSUES
• Epithelial Tissues may be simple or stratified
• Simple Epithelium is made up of a single layer of cells
• Stratified Epithelium has more than one layer of cells
• There are three types of epithelium based on their
shape: squamous, cuboidal, and columnar
EPITHELIAL TISSUES
• Simple Squamous Epithelium consist a single layer
of flattened cells
• They are usually found in thin barriers where exchange
of nutrients, wastes, and respiratory gases occur.
• They can be found in alveoli and capillaries of lungs
EPITHELIAL TISSUES
• All blood vessel and the heart are line with
simple squamous cells.
EPITHELIAL TISSUES
• Simple Cuboidal Epithelium is a single layer of cube-
shaped cells.
• Cuboidal cells have larger cytoplasm compared to
squamous cells.
• They perform more complex functions such as
absorption and secretion
EPITHELIAL TISSUES
• Simple Columnar Epithelium is single layer of
elongated cells
• Ideal for absorption and secretion as it contains large
cytoplasmic volumes with enough organelles and
energy reserves to engage in complex activities
• It is lining the small intestines which is responsible for
about 90 percent absorption that take place in the
digestive tract
EPITHELIAL TISSUES
• It is lining the small intestines which is responsible for
about 90 percent absorption that take place in the
digestive tract
• It has microvilli, which are extensions of the cell
membrane to increase their surface area for absorption
• Goblet Cells are specialized columnar cells found in the
lining of the stomach and small intestines for mucus
secretion
EPITHELIAL TISSUES
• Ciliated Simple Columnar Epithelium is found in the
small bronchioles on the respiratory tract for the
reproductive cell movement
• Pseudostratified Epithelium is made up of columnar
cells that are tall, thin , forming irregular shapes. They
can be found in the upper respiratory tract as ciliated
types.
CONNECTIVE TISSUES CONNECT
• These are large group of different tissues characterized
by having dispersed cells and large extracellular space
called extracellular matrix
• It includes protein fibers ( collage, elastic, or reticular)
and ground substances secreted mostly by the cells of
connective tissue.
CONNECTIVE TISSUES CONNECT
• The functions of connective tissues depending on the
type: Their other functions include:
• Protection
• Provision of cushion
• Maintenance of body form
• Filling body space
CONNECTIVE TISSUES CONNECT
• Storage of fats
• Transport of nutrients and wastes
• Body defense and
• Repair of body parts
CONNECTIVE TISSUES PROPER
• Connective Tissues are classified into three large
groups: connective tissue proper, supportive connective
tissue ( cartilage and bones), and fluid connective
tissues ( blood and lymph)
CONNECTIVE TISSUES PROPER
• Loose connective Tissues or areolar connective tissues
are tissues with watery matrix( ground substance)
where the cells, mostly fibroblasts, are located.
• Macrophages are special white blood cells that can also
be found in the matrix
• Loose connective tissues are found beneath the
epithelia of the skin around blood vessels, muscles, and
nerves; and internal organs such ad lungs and urinary
bladder
CONNECTIVE TISSUES PROPER
• Dense connective tissues are made up of closely
packed bundles of collagen fibers with few cells
• Dense connective tissues are found in tendons that
connect muscles to bones , in ligaments that connect
bones to other bones , and in the dermis of the skin
CONNECTIVE TISSUES PROPER
• Reticular Connective Tissues are made up of cells
called reticulocytes ( specialized fibroblasts) and a
matrix that contains reticular fibers.
• They give support to soft organs such as spleen , lymph
nodes , and liver
CONNECTIVE TISSUES PROPER
• Elastic Connective Tissues are highly elastic with
flattened fibroblasts cells with a matrix that contains
bundles of elastic fibers and interspersed collagen
fibers.
• They are found in large arteries such as aorta ,
bronchial tubes and in the ligaments of the vertebral
column.
CONNECTIVE TISSUES PROPER
• Adipose Tissues or fat tissues are special types of
connective tissue that store fats.
• The fat cells of adipocytes appear as translucent fat
globules.
• Adipose tissues found in the subcutaneous layer of the
skin help shape, cushion, and insulate the body.
• The kidneys, heart, and the orbit of the eyes are all
cushioned by adipose tissues.
SUPPORTIVE CONNECTIVE TISSUE
• Cartilage is a type of connective tissue with cells called
chondrocytes which are separated by strong yet flexible
matrix made up of a substance called chondrin, a
protein carbohydrate complex.

• In humans, cartilage is found in the ears, nose, and

joints
• It forms the embryonic skeleton of vertebrates and the
adult skeleton of sharks
SUPPORTIVE CONNECTIVE TISSUE
• Bones are hardened connective tissues containing cells
called osteocytes, a matrix with collagen fibers , and
mineral deposits such as calcium phosphate,
magnesium, carbonate and fluoride ions.
• Bones serve as structural framework of the body, and
together with muscles are needed for movement and
locomotion
SUPPORTIVE CONNECTIVE TISSUE

• Inside long bones are cavities filled with bone marrow,

the site where blood cells are produced.

• Bones also serve as reservoir for calcium.

FLUID CONNECTIVE TISSUE
• Blood is a type of special connective tissue with a liquid
matrix called the blood plasma

• The cells of blood include erythrocytes or red blood cells

for the transport of oxygen, leukocytes or white blood
cells for the body’s defense against infection , and the
thrombocytes or blood platelets for blood clotting.
FLUID CONNECTIVE TISSUE
• Blood transports nutrients to cells, removes carbon
dioxide and other wastes

• It also regulates the fluids, ions, and pH balance of the

body
MUSCULAR TISSUES CONTRACT
• Muscular Tissues are contractile tissues responsible for
movement.

• The muscle cells or muscle fibers that make up the

muscle tissues contain myosin and actin, the proteins
involved in muscle contraction

• There are three types of muscular tissues: skeletal ,

cardiac, and smooth
MUSCULAR TISSUES CONTRACT
• Skeletal muscle tissues are attached to the bones
through tendons.
• They are responsible for the movement of most body
parts and for locomotion.

• It is long and cylindrical, unbranched and contains

multiple nuclei
MUSCULAR TISSUES CONTRACT
• Under the microscope, its fibers appear alternating dark
and light bands; thus, it is called striated ( with
striations) muscles

• These bands are due to the arrangement of myosin and

actin filaments.
MUSCULAR TISSUES CONTRACT
• Cardiac muscle tissues are found in only in the walls of
the heart.
• The contraction of cardiac muscles causes the heart to
beat, which pumps blood.
• It is also striated but its contraction is involuntarily
controlled
• The tissues allow impulses to move freely from one fiber
to another, resulting in a coordinated contraction called
the heartbeat.
MUSCULAR TISSUES CONTRACT
• Smooth muscular tissues are non striated, spindle
shaped muscles that are involuntarily controlled.

• They are unbranched with a single nucleus per cell

• They are found in the walls of stomach, intestines,
urinary bladder, uterus and blood vessels

• In the stomach and small intestines, contractions cause

peristalsis.
MUSCULAR TISSUES CONTRACT

• In the urinary bladder, contractions cause urine

expulsion
NERVOUS TISSUES CONDUCT
• Nervous tissue is made up of nerve cells called
neurons, found in the brain and spinal cord

• Neurons are specialized cells that conduct impulses to

and from the brain.

• A typical neuron is made up of dendrites, cell body, and

axon.
NERVOUS TISSUES CONDUCT
• Dendrites receive impulses and send them to cell body.

• Cell body or soma is like a typical cell where the

nucleus and organelles are found

• Axon is a long fiber- like part that transmits the impulses

away from the cell body to the next neuron.
OBJECTIVES

➢Recognize the important functions of animal tissues

ASSESSMENT
Directions: Complete the table below. Identify the
different tissues present in the animal’s body. Identify the
location of the tissues and its functions.
TYPES OF TISSUES LOCATION FUNCTIONS
ASSIGNMENT
Directions: In 1 whole sheet of yellow paper, create table
showing the organ systems, major structures and their
functions. Submit your output next meeting.
A
SITUATION ANALYSIS: PATIENT DIAGNOSIS
The patient is a 35 year old male living in Diliman , Quezon
City. He has been experiencing nausea, loss of appetite
,itchy skin and trouble in sleeping for two weeks. The blood
test shows that the glomerular filtration (GFR) is 48,
abnormal creatinine and blood urea nitrogen.

Predict the possible initial diagnosis and medicines that will

help the patient experiencing the abovementioned
symptoms.
SITUATION ANALYSIS: PREDICTING PATIENT
DIAGNOSIS
The patient is a 40 year female living in Baguio City. She
experienced severe headache, pain above the eyes, vomiting
and neck pain. The blood pressure of patient reached 220/100.
Using magnetic resonance angiography, bleeding is detected
in the brain of the patient.

Predict the possible initial diagnosis and medicines that will

help the patient experiencing the abovementioned symptoms.
TISSUES FORMING ORGANS
AND ORGAN SYSTEMS
OBJECTIVES

• Describe the major structures in the organ systems

• Explain the major function of each organ system
• Internalize the importance of taking care of organ
system in our everyday lives
ACTIVITY: MAJOR ORGANS AND THEIR
FUNCTION
Directions: Each group will be given the assigned organ
system for the activity. They will identify major structures
and will explain the functions of each organ system using a
table on the next slide as guide. 20 minutes will be
provided for each group to present their output.
ACTIVITY: MAJOR ORGANS AND THEIR
FUNCTION
The following groups are assigned to the following organ
systems:

Alpha – Integumentary , Muscular , and Skeletal

Beta- Circulatory, Nervous, and Digestive
Delta- Respiratory, Excretory, and Endocrine
Gamma- Reproductive and Immune
 ORGAN SYSTEMS: MAJOR ORGANS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS
SYSTEM MAJOR ORGANS FUNCTIONS
Protects against injury, infection, and
Integumentary System Skin, nails and hair fluid loss
Provides structure and support

Muscular System Skeletal , smooth, and cardiac Moves limbs and trunk
muscular tissues Moves substances through the body
Provides structure and support

Bones and joints Protects and supports the body and

Skeletal organs
Interacts with skeletal muscles

Circulatory Heart, blood vessels , blood, lymph Transports nutrients, gases, ions,
nodes and vessels, and lymph hormones, and wastes
 ORGAN SYSTEMS: MAJOR ORGANS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS
SYSTEM MAJOR ORGANS FUNCTIONS

Nervous System Brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sense Regulates behavior, maintains
organs homeostasis, regulates other organ
systems , controls sensory and motor
functions

Digestive System Mouth, esophagus, stomach, liver, Extracts and absorbs nutrients from
pancreas, and small intestines and food , removes, wastes, maintain
large intestines water and chemical balances

Lung, nose, mouth , and trachea Moves air into and out of lungs ,
Respiratory System controls gas exchange between blood
and lungs
Removes wastes from the blood,
Excretory System Kidneys, urinary bladder, ureters, and regulates concentration of body fluid
urethra
 ORGAN SYSTEMS: MAJOR ORGANS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS
SYSTEM MAJOR ORGANS FUNCTIONS

Hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, Regulates body temperature,

Endocrine System parathyroid, pineal body, adrenal metabolism, development, and
glands , pancreas, testes and ovaries reproduction, maintains
homeostasis, regulates other organ
systems

Produces gametes and offspring

Reproductive System Testes and penis in males; ovaries
and uterus in females

Defends against pathogens and

Immune System White blood cells, lymph nodes and diseases
vessels, and skin
GUIDE QUESTIONS:
1. What are the organs affected by the disease
described by the activity?

2. How can you take care of the possible organs

involved to avoid the diseases presented in the
activity?
OBJECTIVES

• Describe the major structures in the organ systems

• Explain the major function of each organ system
• Internalize the importance of taking care of organ
system in our everyday lives