GECOST 2024 Booklet (With Link)

TABLE OF CONTENT
WELCOMING MESSAGE BY THE HONORARY CHAIR ......................................................................................... 2

WELCOMING MESSAGE BY THE TECHNICAL CO-SPONSOR ............................................................................... 4
WELCOMING MESSAGE BY THE GENERAL CHAIR ............................................................................................ 5
WELCOMING MESSAGE BY THE ORGANIZING CHAIRS ..................................................................................... 6
KEYNOTE SPEAKERS PROFILE ......................................................................................................................... 8
CONFERENCE PROGRAMME ........................................................................................................................ 10
CONFERENCE ORGANIZING COMMITTEE ...................................................................................................... 64
TECHNICAL PROGRAMME COMMITTEE / REVIEWERS ................................................................................... 66
Edited by: King Hann Lim, Han Yi Chiew, Chew Ing Ming
1
WELCOMING MESSAGE BY THE HONORARY CHAIR
Prof. Dr. Simon Leunig

Pro Vice-Chancellor
President and Chief Executive
Curtin University, Malaysia
I extend my warmest congratulations to our Faculty of Engineering and Science and the dedicated Conference
Organising Committee for the remarkable feat of orchestrating this International Conference on Green Energy,
Computing, and Sustainable Energy (GECOST 2024).
In collaboration with the Ministry of Energy and Environmental Sustainability Sarawak (MEESty), Sarawak Digital
Economy Corporation (SDEC), IEEE Power and Energy Society (PES) Malaysia Chapter and The Institution of
Engineers, Malaysia (IEM), this conference promises to be a beacon of innovation and knowledge exchange. The
parallel events, including the Industrial Lecture Series and the Soft Launching of Curtin Malaysia's new Energy
Engineering and Mechatronic Engineering programmes, significantly amplify the importance of this event.
I also extend my gratitude to our esteemed collaborators, Taylor’s University, Coimbatore Institute of Technology,
Universiti Tun Hussein Onn, Velore Institute of Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong - Liverpool University, and Universiti
Teknologi Brunei, for their valuable support and co-organisation.
GECOST 2024 provides a platform for meaningful discourse, fostering discussions and the sharing of knowledge
and ideas in the critical domains of green energy, computing, and sustainable technologies. As the world seeks
innovative approaches to meet the ever-growing demand for green and clean energy, I am confident that this
conference will play a pivotal role in shaping the future of these fields.
I look forward to the success of GECOST 2024 and the impactful contributions it will make towards advancing our
collective understanding and commitment to a sustainable and green future.
Best wishes for a fruitful and enlightening conference.
2
WELCOMING MESSAGE BY THE HONORARY CHAIR
Prof. Dr. Tuong-Thuy Vu

Dean, Faculty of Engineering and Science
On behalf of the Faculty of Engineering and Science at Curtin University Malaysia, I extend my warm welcome to
everyone joining GECOST 2024. GECOST is an international annual conference on green energy, computing, and
sustainable technology hosted by Curtin Malaysia. The conference topics highlight our current focus on energy
transition, digital, and sustainable technologies.
Building on the success of previous years, GECOST 2024 is growing both in terms of number and quality of
submission. I appreciate the contributions of all participants and hearty congratulations to the outcomes of your
research on these high-impact topics. The virtual platform also enables the expansion of contributions across the
borders, bringing the discussion closer to home for each of us. To the virtual participants, please arrange a visit to
our campus in the future and to all physical participants, I am excited to receive you here at our beautiful campus
in Miri.
2024 also marks a great milestone of Curtin Malaysia, our 25th anniversary. In parallel with GECOST 2024, there
will be a launch of our two new programmes, Bachelor of Energy Engineering and Bachelor of Mechatronic
Engineering. Please join us to celebrate 25 years of Curtin in Malaysia and participate in the launching event.
Once again, thank you all for your contribution to the success of GECOST 2024 and looking forward to meeting
you at the conference.
3
WELCOMING MESSAGE BY THE TECHNICAL CO-SPONSOR
Assoc. Prof. Ir. Dr. Nur Ashida Salim

Chair,
IEEE Power & Energy Society Malaysia Chapter
IEEE Power & Energy Society Malaysia, the Technical Co-Sponsor of the Green Energy, Computing and Sustainable
Technology (GECOST 2024) would like to take this opportunity to welcome all participants to the GECOST 2024, as
well as the distinguished speakers, sponsors, and guests. We are thrilled to be starting this intellectual adventure
at a time when brilliant minds are coming together to shape a sustainable future for our world through the
intersection of novel concepts, ground-breaking research, and collaborative efforts.
In an era marked by unprecedented challenges and opportunities, the need for sustainable energy solutions has
never been more pressing. GECOST 2024 serves as a crucial platform for thought leaders, researchers, and industry
experts from around the globe to engage in meaningful discussions, share insights, and explore innovative
technologies that have the potential to revolutionize the energy landscape. The theme of this year's conference,
"Green Sustainable Technologies for the Benefit of Humanity," highlights the critical need to tackle the intricate
relationship between energy, the environment, and society's welfare. With a wide array of sessions, workshops,
and presentations, GECOST 2024 seeks to encourage collaborations across disciplines and generate practical
solutions that go beyond conventional limits.
It is with great pleasure that we acknowledge the outstanding roster of speakers who will be sharing their
extensive expertise with us. Their knowledge and experience cover a wide range of topics, including renewable
energy, sustainable practices, and the relationship between technology and ecological responsibility. It would be
really appreciated if everyone involved made the most of this chance to interact with these influential people and
add to the lively discussion. Let us rejoice in our accomplishments and resolve to meet the difficulties that await
us as we gather to discuss the most recent developments in sustainable practices, energy efficiency, and
renewable energy. GECOST 2024 offers a one-of-a-kind platform for promoting partnerships, developing skills, and
sparking transformations that will have an impact well beyond the scope of this gathering.
Without the full commitment from the organizing team, Curtin University Malaysia, none of this would have been
possible, and for that I am eternally grateful. We greatly appreciate your essential contribution to the realization
of GECOST 2024 and your admirable dedication to sustainability and innovation. Finally, I have faith that GECOST
2024 will be a platform where collaborations grow, ideas spread, and solutions are born. We can all be agents of
positive change and help pave the way to a future that is more sustainable and resilient if this conference is any
indication. Your participation in this life-altering adventure is much appreciated.
4
WELCOMING MESSAGE BY THE GENERAL CHAIR
Prof. Dr. Garenth Lim King Hann

It is my honour to welcome you to the International Conference on Green Energy, Computing and Sustainable
Technology (GECOST 2024), hosted by the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Curtin University
Malaysia. This conference is an annual IEEE event being held by Curtin University Malaysia in collaboration with
the Ministry of Energy and Environmental Sustainability Sarawak (MEESty), me, IEEE Power and Energy Society
(PES) Malaysia Chapter and The Institution of Engineers, Malaysia (IEM) on 17-19 January 2024. The organization
of GECOST 2024 is also held in parallel with Industrial Lecture Series and Soft Launching of Energy Engineering and
Mechatronic Engineering Programme. This conference is supported by Taylor’s University, Coimbatore Institute
of Technology (India), Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Vellore Institute of Technology Chennai (India), Xi’an
Jiaotong – Liverpool University and Universiti Teknologi Brunei.
GECOST 2024 serves as a virtual platform for engineers, researchers, and specialists from academia, research
institutes, and industry worldwide to discuss and present the latest developments and applications related to the
challenges of securing green and clean energy sources for the 21st century to support the Sustainable
Development Goals initiated by United Nation. The scopes of GECOST conference encompass Green Computing
and Security, Green Communications, Networks, and Signal Processing, Intelligent Embedded Systems and
Analytics, Green Energy and Power System, Smart Grid, Sensors, Green Materials, Alternative Energy and Control
Process, and any other Industrial and Government Digital Applications.
On behalf of the organizing committee, I warmly welcome all of you to GECOST 2024. Furthermore, I would like to
take this opportunity to thanks the GECOST committee who have made this event happened. I extend my gratitude
to all of you who have contributed tirelessly. The commitment of the organizing committee truly was inspirational.
Special recognition is given to the Honorary General Chairs Prof. Simon Leunig, Prof. Vu Tuong-Thuy, Organizing
Co-Chairs, A/Prof. Raymond Chong Choo Wee, Dr. Chew Ing Ming, Prof. Stephanie Chan Yen San; A/Prof. Moola
Mohan and the rest of the members of the organizing committee who have contributed admirably to the
preparation of this conference. To add a significant note, our GECOST conference is also part of the Curtin
Malaysia’s 25th anniversary programme as Curtin University is currently celebrating its 25th years having the
branch campus set up in Sarawak Malaysia.
Last but not least, I would like to deliver my special thanks to our supporters MEESty, SDEC, IEEE PES Malaysia
Chapter, IEM and all university collaborators. We wish all the participants a delightful presentation through the
virtual conference. We believe that this conference will be one of the most fruitful and memorable experiences of
your life from both professional and personal perspectives. I look forward to seeing you at GECOST 2024 this
January 2024, where we share our knowledge and experience on creating Green Sustainable Technologies for
Humanity Advancement!
5
WELCOMING MESSAGE BY THE ORGANIZING CHAIRS
Prof. Ir. Dr. Stephanie

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mohan
Chan Yen San
Reddy Moola
Curtin University,
Curtin University,
Malaysia
Malaysia
It is with great pleasure and excitement that we extend a warm welcome to each and every one of you to the
industry lectures and soft launch of Bachelor of Engineering (Energy Engineering) (Honours) and Bachelor of
Engineering (Mechatronics Engineering) (Honours) in conjunction with GECOST 2024.
This event has been a labour of passion, dedication, and collaboration from in and out of our stakeholders. From
the initial conception to the meticulous planning, it has been a collective effort that reflects the spirit of unity and
shared purpose. Our goal in the lecture series is to promote proactive engagement between academia and
industry in the realm of energy transition and development of IR4.0. We believe that establishing meaningful
conversation and collaboration between academia and industry is essential for the advancement of knowledge
and innovation in addressing the critical challenges and opportunities shaping the future of energy engineering,
mechatronic engineering. We are confident that the industry lectures that we share during this time will leave a
lasting impact on each participant.
Besides the industry lectures, it is also our pride to welcome you to the launch of Bachelor of Engineering (Energy
Engineering) (Honours) and Bachelor of Engineering (Mechatronics Engineering) (Honours) in Curtin University
Malaysia. Today marks a significant milestone as we unveil a program that embodies our collective vision in
preparing our future graduate with capabilities to address the needs in the energy transition and IR4.0 technology
adoption.
As we embark on this new chapter, we are profoundly grateful for the unwavering support of all those who played
a pivotal role in bringing these 2 programs to fruition. The launch is just the beginning, and we are confident that,
with your continued support, both Energy Engineering and Mechatronics Engineering programs will make a lasting
and positive impact to our future generations.
Thank you for being part of this momentous occasion. Your presence and support mean the world to us, and we
look forward to the incredible journey ahead.
6
WELCOMING MESSAGE BY THE ORGANIZING CHAIRS
Assoc. Prof. Dr.

Dr. Chew Ing Ming
Raymong Chiong Choo
Wee
Curtin University,
Malaysia
Curtin University,
Malaysia
We are delighted to welcome you for your participation in the International Conference on Green Energy,
Computing, and Sustainable Technology 2024 (GECOST 2024), in parallel with the industrial lecture series and soft
launching of Energy Engineering and Mechatronic Engineering programme, which will be held virtually on 17–19
January 2024. Following in the footsteps of previous conferences, GECOST 2024 offers a fantastic opportunity for
researchers across the globe to come together and present their findings and the latest developments in their
research endeavors. The conference has attracted participation from researchers in various countries, including
Indonesia, Pakistan, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, India, Niger, South Korea, Canada, USA, Australia, Japan, China, the
Philippines, Vietnam, Brunei Darussalam, South Africa, Rwanda, and Russia. Furthermore, the conference provides
the opportunity to develop networks and connections with other researchers on a global scale.
We have received a total of 197 papers under the following main track categories: 1) Green Computing and
Security; 2) Green Communication, Networks, and Signal Processing; 3) Intelligent Embedded Systems and
Analytics; 4) Green Energy and Power System, Smart Grid; 5) Sensors, Green Materials, Alternative Energy, and
Control Process; and 6) Industrial and Government Digital Applications. Out of these, 94 papers were accepted
after going through a rigorous review process to ascertain notable contributions to their respective fields. Each
paper was, on average, reviewed by three reviewers. The accepted and presented papers will be submitted to IEEE
for inclusion in the IEEEXplore digital library. Selected outstanding papers accepted for GECOST 2024 will be invited
to submit an extended version for consideration in a special journal issue.
We sincerely appreciate your tremendous support in making GECOST 2024 a success. May you have a great
experience in this conference, and we hope to see you again in the future.
7
KEYNOTE SPEAKERS PROFILE
Prof. Dr. Weisi Lin
Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
Prof. Dr. Weisi Lin researches in intelligent image and video processing,
computational perceptual signal assessment, and multi-modality/media
modelling. He is currently a Professor in School of Computer Science and
Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, where he also serves
as the Associate Chair (Research). He is a Fellow of IEEE and IET, and has been a
Highly Cited Researcher 2019, 2020, 2021 and 2022. He was elected as a
Distinguished Lecturer in both IEEE Circuits and Systems Society (2016-17) and
Asia-Pacific Signal and Information Processing Association (2012-13) and given
keynote/invited/tutorial/panel talks in 40+ international conferences. He has
been an Associate Editor for IEEE Trans. Neural Networks and Learning Syst.,
IEEE Trans. Image Process., IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol., IEEE Trans.
Multimedia, IEEE Signal Process. Lett., Quality and User Experience, and J. Visual
Commun. Image Represent., and a Senior Editor in APSIPA Trans. Info. and Signal
Process, as well as a Guest Editor for 7 special issues in different journals. He
also chaired the IEEE MMTC QoE Interest Group (2012-2014); he has been a
Technical Program Chair for IEEE ICME 2013, QoMEX 2014, PV 2015, PCM 2012
and IEEE VCIP 2017. He leads the Temasek Foundation Programme for AI
Research, Education & Innovation in Asia, 2020-2025. He believes that good
theory is practical and has delivered 10+ major systems for industrial
deployment with the technology developed.
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Jiashen Teh

Universiti Sains Malaysia
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Jiashen Teh demonstrates the advantages of flexible
transmission line rating on high voltage (138-400kV) power grids to enhance the
integration of solar and wind energies. The research is state-of-the-art because
the new relationships of the flexible line rating technology with existing
conditions and legacy technologies are investigated. The research enables
optimal enhancements of line ratings while preserving the life cycle of
transmission lines, and thereby improving the reliability of transmission grids.
With this new discovery, electric utilities worldwide can safely increase the
power capacity of their existing grids, which can enhance the integration of
renewable energy and improve the delivery of clean energy to consumers at a
minimal cost. Consequently, the dependency on traditional, carbon-emitting
fuels is reduced. This assists electric utilities to reduce carbon emissions and,
enables them to commit to a higher level of ESG standard. Dr. Teh is also a
Technical Director of UPE-Power in Taiwan, which he has implemented his
research findings online sensor products developed for applications in Taiwan
and Japan. He has published more than 50 journal articles indexed in the
globally recognized SCIE database, which he is the first/corresponding author in
34 (>70%) of them, and 30 (>65%) of the articles are ranked in the database’s
first quarter. His publications have attracted 2085 citations and 28 h-index on
Google Scholar. He has secured around RM800k of research funding, where
more than 40% of the amount was obtained abroad (Taiwan, Saudi). He has
accumulated RM30k of local consultancy projects. He has 1 pending patent filed
in Malaysia. He is the main supervisor of 4 graduated PhD students, and another
on-going 9 PhD students. For three consecutive years in 2019, 2020 and 2021
he was the top 2% world-most-cited-researchers according to field by Stanford
8
University. He was the 2021 Outstanding Engineer by the IEEE Power & Energy
Malaysia and the 2022 Outstanding Young Professional by the IET Malaysia.
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Fei Xue

Xi’an Jiaotong–Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Fei Xue was born in Tonghua, Jilin, China, in 1977. He received
the bachelor’s and master’s degrees in power system and its automation from
Wuhan University, Wuhan, China, in 1999 and 2002, respectively, and the Ph.D.
degree in electrical engineering from the Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy, 2009.
He was the Deputy Chief Engineer of Beijing XJ Electric Company, Ltd., Beijing,
China, and a Lead Research Scientist with Siemens Eco-City Innovation
Technologies (Tianjin) Company, Ltd., Tianjin, China. He is currently a Senior
Associate Professor and the Head of the Department of Electrical and Electronic
Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong–Liverpool University, Suzhou, China. His research
interests include power system security, virtual microgrids, electric vehicles, and
transactive energy control.
9
CONFERENCE PROGRAMME
Note:
• All times listed in this conference programme are in Malaysia Time (GMT +8). You may use this
link to convert Malaysia Time to your local time.
• Conference platform is CISCO Webex.
• Parallel sessions are accessible through breakout rooms A, B, C and D in the Main Hall. (link:
https://curtin.webex.com/curtin/j.php?MTID=me4c94acc187e1607d0a1642d2e3de54d)
10
DAY 1: 17TH JANUARY 2024 (WEDNESDAY)
Time Programme
0830 – 0900 Virtual Arrival of Participants
Welcoming remarks
0900 – 0910
Pro Vice-Chancellor, Curtin University, Malaysia
Speech
0910 – 0920
by Sarawak Energy Berhad
Signing of MoU
0920 – 0925
between Curtin University Malaysia and Sarawak Energy Berhad
Launching
0925 – 0935 of GECOST Conference, Energy Engineering Programme, and Mechatronic Engineering Programme by the
Ministry of Energy and Environmental Sustainability Sarawak (MEESty)
Speech
0935 – 1000
by the Ministry of Energy and Environmental Sustainability Sarawak (MEESty)
1000 – 1030 Break
Industry Lecture Series
Room A (Energy Engineering) Room B (Mechatronics Engineering)
1030 – 1115 Prof. Dr. Klaus Regenauer-Lieb Prof. Dr. Jonathan Paxman
Curtin University, Australia Curtin University, Australia
“The next Generation of Energy Engineering” “30 Years of Mechatronic Engineering Education:
To the Moon and Beyond”
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mohammad Sarmadivaleh Prof. Dr. Ashutosh Kumar Singh
Curtin University, Australia Indian Institute of Information Technology, India
1115 – 1200 “Unveiling the Depths: Exploring Underground “Importance of Mechatronics Engineering to
Hydrogen Storage for a Sustainable Energy Society”
Future”
1200 – 1400 Lunch
Dr. Pouria Mousavi Dr. Ishkandar Baharin
Computer Modelling Group Ltd., Malaysia Malaysia Robotics and Automation Society
1400 – 1500 “Integrated Dynamic Simulation Modelling of “Exploring the Future: Robotics and AI Unveiled”
CCS, First Step toward Supporting Successful
Operation of CCS Projects”
1500 – 1520 Break
Conference Presentation – Parallel Session 1
Room A Room B Room C Room D
Parallel Session 1A: Parallel Session 1B: Parallel Session 1C: Parallel Session 1D:
Green Green Energy and Industrial and Intelligent Embedded
Communications, Power System, Smart Government Digital Systems and Analytics
1520 - 1700 Networks, and Signal Grid Applications
Processing
Session Chair: Session Chair: Session Chair: Session Chair:
Dr. Sheik Mohammed Dr. Kanthimathi S, Dr. Sivaraman Eswaran, Dr. Ling Huo Chong,
Sulthan, Universiti Vellore Institute of Curtin University, RMIT University
Teknologi Brunei Technology Chennai Malaysia Vietnam
Industry Lecture Series
Room E (Energy Engineering) Room F (Mechatronics Engineering)
Ir. Ts. Julian Jues Assoc. Prof. Dr. R. Senthilnathan
1600 – 1700 Petroleum Sarawak, Malaysia SRM Institute of Science & Technology,
Kattankulathur, India
“Insights into the Energy Sector: A Qualified Gas “Importance of Mechatronics Engineering and its
Engineer's Perspective” Future Employability”
End of Day 1
11
DAY 2: 18TH JANUARY 2024 (THURSDAY)
Time Programme
Green Communications, Green Energy and Industrial and Intelligent Embedded
Networks, and Signal Power System, Smart Government Digital Systems and Analytics
1000 - 1140 Processing Grid Applications
Dr. Salem Mgammal Al- Dr. Mohd Noor bin Dr. Filbert Hilman Dr. Justin Lee Bing,
Ameri, Curtin University Abdullah, University Juwono, Xi'an Jiaotong University Tunku Abdul
Malaysia Tun Hussein Onn, University, China Rahman, Malaysia
Malaysia
1140 - 1400 Lunch
Keynote Speaker 1: Prof. Dr. Weisi Lin
1400 - 1445 Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
“A Potential Paradigm Shift for Visual Signal Processing on the Rise of Machine Intelligence”
Keynote Speaker 2: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Jiashen Teh
1445 - 1530 Universiti Sains Malaysia
“Dynamic Line Rating (DLR) for Enhanced Grid Reliability”
1530 - 1540 Break
Green Computing and Green Energy and Intelligent Embedded Green
Security Power System, Smart Systems and Analytics Communications,
Grid Networks, and Signal
1540 - 1700 Processing
Dr. Ang Swee Peng, Dr. Rajarajeswari S, Dr. M.Prabhavathy, Dr. Suganya R, Vellore
University Teknologi Vellore Institute of Coimbatore Institute of Institute of Technology
Brunei Technology Chennai Technology, Chennai
Coimbatore, Tamil
Nadu, India
End of Day 2
12
DAY 3: 19TH JANUARY 2024 (FRIDAY)
Time Programme
Green Computing and Green Energy and Intelligent Embedded Green Energy and
Security Power System, Smart Systems and Analytics Power System, Smart
0900 - 1020
Grid Grid
Dr. Chew Wei Jen, Dr. Hafisoh Ahmad, Dr. Jayasudha M, Dr. Law Kah Haw,
Taylor’s University Taylor’s University Vellore Institute of Universiti Teknologi
Technology, Chennai Brunei
1020 - 1030 Break

Keynote Speaker 3: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Fei Xue
1030 - 1200 Xi’an Jiaotong–Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
“Active Distribution Networks based on Virtual Microgrid Technology”
1200 - 1400 Lunch
Green Computing and Green Energy and Intelligent Embedded Sensors, Green
Security Power System, Smart Systems and Analytics Materials, Alternative
1400 - 1530 Grid Energy and Control
Process
Dr. Balasundaram A, Mr. Tiong Teck Chai, Dr. Teh Jiashen, IEEE Dr. Rama Abirami,
Vellore Institute of Curtin University, PES Malaysia Curtin University
Technology Chennai Malaysia Malaysia
1530 - 1540 Break
Closing Address
1540 - 1550
Nur Hartini Binti Mardan, Sarawak Digital Enconomy Corporation (SDEC)
Closing Address
1550 – 1600
Prof. Dr. Tuong-Thuy Vu, Honorary Chair
Closing Address
1600 - 1610
Prof. Dr. Garenth Lim King Hann, General Chair
1610 - 1630 Presentation of Best Paper Award
1630 - 1640 Group Photo
End of GECOST 2024
13
Keynote Speaker 1: Prof. Dr. Weisi Lin
Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
“A Potential Paradigm Shift for Visual Signal Processing on the Rise of Machine Intelligence”
Abstract: With the development of AI technology, increasingly more visual signals are intended for machines
(rather than humans) as the ultimate users. What challenges and opportunities may this shift bring for visual signal
representation, e.g., to address the requirements of Video Coding for Machines (VCM), JPEG AI and other issues
beyond compression? In this talk, we will first discuss how to determine visual signal sensitivity toward machine
intelligence (MI). MI-oriented models can be also developed for identity/privacy protection. Secondly, a possible
change of visual representation is explored: intermediate, deep-learnt visual features (instead of a whole image)
can be the basic unit of representation for MI. This brings intelligence to the edge, facilitates edge-cloud
collaboration and green computing, and leads to integration of signal representation and computer vision which
have been separate processes for long. Finally, possible new research thinking, and potential technical directions
and topics will be discussed.
Keynote Speaker 2: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Jiashen Teh
Universiti Sains Malaysia
“Dynamic Line Rating (DLR) for Enhanced Grid Reliability”
Abstract: Flexible thermal line rating (FTLR) has been proposed as a technique to improve power system reliability
by increasing transmission line capacity based on real-time weather and ambient conditions. This paper presents
the benefits of FTLR for power system reliability, including enhanced transmission capacity, reduced congestion,
improved system utilization, and increased economic benefits. FTLR utilizes online monitoring and dynamic
thermal rating models to calculate real-time transmission line capacity based on current weather conditions, such
as wind speed, temperature, and solar radiation. By dynamically adjusting transmission line capacity, FTLR can
improve power system reliability by reducing the risk of transmission line overload and associated power outages.
FTLR also has economic benefits, including the potential to defer transmission line upgrades and reduce
transmission losses. Moreover, FTLR can support the integration of renewable energy sources by enabling the
efficient transmission of variable power outputs. Overall, FTLR provides an innovative solution to enhance power
system reliability, promote renewable energy integration, and improve economic efficiency. Its benefits can be
leveraged by utilities and grid operators to improve power system reliability and resilience in the face of increasing
climate variability and renewable energy penetration.
Keynote Speaker 3: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Fei Xue
Xi’an Jiaotong–Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
“Active Distribution Networks based on Virtual Microgrid Technology”
Abstract: The Virtual Microgrid (VM) method is a solution for addressing challenges in Conventional Distribution
Network (CDN) by actively partitioning the CDN into interconnected Microgrid-style VMs. A novel framework for
Active Distribution Networks (ADN) with active planning, active management and active defense will be discussed.
Different models and methodologies in developing VMs will be analyzed and compared. Critical technologies for
VMs, i.e. network partitioning, resources allocations and optimal operation will be introduced.
14
Energy Engineering Industrial Lecture Speaker 1: Prof. Dr. Klaus Regenauer-Lieb
Curtin University, Australia
“The next Generation of Energy Engineering”
Abstract: As the global energy demand continues to rise and concerns about environmental sustainability grow,
the field of energy engineering is undergoing a transformative evolution. The emerging trends, technologies, and
methodologies that define the next generation of energy engineering will be presented. From advancements in
renewable energy sources and smart grid technologies to innovative approaches in energy storage and efficiency,
this presentation highlights the pivotal role of interdisciplinary collaboration and the integration of cutting-edge
technologies.
Energy Engineering Industrial Lecture Speaker 2: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mohammad Sarmadivaleh
“Unveiling the Depths: Exploring Underground Hydrogen Storage for a Sustainable Energy Future”
Abstract: This presentation delves into the promising realm of underground hydrogen storage as a key element in
fostering a sustainable energy future. Recognizing the growing importance of hydrogen as a clean energy carrier,
the focus shifts towards efficient and secure storage solutions. The exploration of underground storage not only
considers technical feasibility but also addresses economic viability and environmental impact. By uncovering the
potential of this innovative approach, the presentation aims to contribute to the advancement of sustainable
energy systems and the broader conversation on transitioning towards a low-carbon future.
Energy Engineering Industrial Lecture Speaker 3: Dr. Pouria Mousavi

Computer Modelling Group Ltd., Malaysia
“Integrated Dynamic Simulation Modelling of CCS, First Step toward Supporting Successful Operation of CCS
Projects”
Abstract: This presentation highlights the critical role of integrated dynamic simulation modeling in advancing the
successful implementation of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) projects. By providing a comprehensive overview
of the simulation methodologies, this research elucidates how they contribute to optimizing the performance,
reliability, and safety of CCS systems. The focus is on the dynamic aspects of the modeling process, emphasizing
its significance in addressing real-time operational challenges and ensuring the seamless integration of CCS
technologies into existing industrial processes. Through this presentation, we aim to underscore the pivotal role
of dynamic simulation as the initial stride towards supporting the effective operation of CCS projects, ultimately
contributing to the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions and the promotion of sustainable energy practices.
Energy Engineering Industrial Lecture Speaker 4: Ir. Ts. Julian Jues

Petroleum Sarawak, Malaysia
“Insights into the Energy Sector: A Qualified Gas Engineer's Perspective”
Abstract: This presentation offers valuable perspectives on the dynamic landscape of the energy sector through
the lens of a qualified gas engineer. Drawing upon firsthand experiences and expertise, the speaker delves into
key challenges, technological advancements, and evolving trends within the energy industry, with a specific focus
on the role of gas engineering. By sharing practical insights, the presentation aims to enhance the audience's
understanding of the intricate workings of the energy sector, offering a qualified perspective on the current state
and future directions. The presentation serves as a valuable resource for professionals, researchers, and
enthusiasts seeking a comprehensive overview of the complexities and opportunities within the ever-evolving
energy domain.
15
Mechatronics Engineering Industrial Lecture Speaker 1: Prof. Dr. Jonathan Paxman
“30 Years of Mechatronic Engineering Education: To the Moon and Beyond”
Abstract: In 1995, Curtin University established a new course in the emerging discipline of Mechatronic Engineering,
combining elements of mechanical engineering, electronic engineering and computing, with a focus on robotics,
automation and control. The program was founded on the REAL (Real-world Engineering and Learning) philosophy, with
a core of hands-on project units giving students practical experience in the design and execution of solutions to
engineering problems. Nearly 30 years on, Mechatronic Engineering is one of the most in-demand programs at Curtin,
being perfectly placed to train engineers to drive the current revolution in robotics, automation and intelligent systems.
Mechatronics has delivered important project outcomes across biomedical engineering, assistive technology,
construction robotics and planetary science. Mechatronics has also formed the foundation of a new space and satellite
engineering capability for Western Australia, through the BINAR Space Program.
Mechatronics Engineering Industrial Lecture Speaker 2: Prof. Dr. Ashutosh Kumar Singh
Indian Institute of Information Technology, India
“The next Generation of Energy Engineering”
Abstract: Mechatronics is an interdisciplinary field that seamlessly integrates mechanical, electrical, computer, and
control systems to drive innovation and address complex challenges. It plays a pivotal role in modern society, impacting
various sectors and enhancing the quality of life in numerous ways, revolutionizing automation and manufacturing
processes, enhancing efficiency, and ensuring consistent product quality. This new branch of technology has wide range
of applications which extends to critical sectors such as healthcare, transportation, consumer electronics, energy, and
environment. In healthcare, mechatronics facilitates the design of advanced medical devices, robotic surgery systems,
and prosthetic limbs, thereby improving patient care and rehabilitation outcomes. Considering transportation, it enables
the development of intelligent systems, autonomous vehicles, and aircraft control mechanisms, enhancing safety and
efficiency. Additionally, mechatronics fosters innovation in consumer electronics, renewable energy solutions, and
robotics, shaping a more connected, sustainable, and technologically advanced society. Apparently, mechatronics
engineering has become inherent in the way of urban advancement of society, promoting interdisciplinary research, and
enhancing the quality of life in the modern world.
Mechatronics Engineering Industrial Lecture Speaker 3: Dr. Ishkandar Baharin

Malaysia Robotics and Automation Society
“Exploring the Future: Robotics and AI Unveiled”
Abstract: The talk will navigate the current landscape of Robotics and AI, showcasing their integration into daily life and
across industries. Emphasizing the creative intersection of these fields, we will explore innovative projects that
demonstrate the fusion of creative thinking and cutting-edge technology. Challenges and ethical considerations in the
development and deployment of Robotics and AI will be addressed, underlining the responsibility that comes with these
transformative capabilities. Real-world examples will illustrate how industries globally, and particularly in South East
Asia, are undergoing radical transformations, presenting new opportunities for engineers and students.
Mechatronics Engineering Industrial Lecture Speaker 4: Assoc. Prof. Dr. R. Senthilnathan

SRM Institute of Science & Technology, Kattankulathur, India
“Importance of Mechatronics Engineering and its Future Employability”
Abstract: Education in engineering and technology is one of the most sought-after choices after high school level. People
want to choose the field of practicality in terms of career opportunities, campus placements, family business, and other
reservations. What if there is a program that will allow sampling of most of the major streams of engineering and
technology? Enter Mechatronics. One of the most popularly accepted definitions is Mechatronics is a field of Study
Involving a Synergistic combination of Mechanical, Electrical, Electronics, and Computer sub-systems Integrated through
Software. Mating the sub-systems from different disciplines is a specialization that requires the understanding of
specifications affecting the compatibility of one system with another. System integration may be observed in two-stage
namely in the design stage and at functional integration through software. This talk covers the top view Advantage of
mechatronics, the mechatronics mind-set, the many manifestations of mechatronics engineers and the Future Building
of being mechatronics engineers.
16
Parallel Session 1A 1520-1535 Analysis of Power Link Budget and Interference of High Altitude
Platform Station Technology in Nusa Tenggara Timur
Authors: Jeremy Filbert Baskoro (Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia) Dadang Gunawan (Universitas Indonesia,
Indonesia) Anna Christina Situmorang (Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia)
Abstract: Indonesia is a vast country and has considerable and diverse citizens. Indonesian citizen needs a reliable
communication infrastructure to sustain daily life. However, communication infrastructure in rural areas needs to
be improved. Therefore, alternative infrastructure is required to support rural area communication. One of the
alternatives is high altitude platform station (HAPS) technology because this technology has a broader coverage
and high capacity to support 5G in rural areas. This research will analyse the feasibility of HAPS as international
mobile telecommunication (IMT) base station deployment in a rural area regarding power link budget analysis,
optimum frequencies, and interference with existing infrastructure in Nusa Tenggara Timur. This research uses
the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) recommendation method. This research indicates that the
system link margin can be suppressed to increase HAPS tolerance to severe rain and lower the antenna gain, the
separation distance estimation of the HIBS cellular coverage and the existing cellular coverage, and the most
optimum frequency to be utilized is the lowest frequency both HAPS frequency and access frequency. Moreover,
this research shows that HAPS is feasible to implement in rural wireless access services in Nusa Tenggara Timur.
Parallel Session 1A 1535-1550 STBC Technique for Improving Error Performance in Cooperative
NOMA Systems Under Nakagami-$M$ Fading Channel
Authors: Ridha Alaa Ahmed Hablulmateen (University of Kufa, Iraq) Ali Hilal Ali (University of Kufa, Iraq)
Abstract: To meet the escalating demand for bandwidth and data rates, this paper introduces a cooperative model
to enhance the quality of service (QoS) for users at the edge of a cell, aiming to support non-orthogonal multiple
access (NOMA) scheme for future wireless communication systems. Although NOMA scheme is known for its high
spectral efficiency, it has difficulty providing fair service to all users, especially those who are far from the base
station (BS). To address this problem, the paper proposed a model that involves three user entities and a BS, where
one user is located at a large distance from the others. The model employs a two-stage transmission mechanism:
first, the BS sends a NOMA signal to all users. Next, the proximal users employ the space time block coding (STBC)
technique to cooperatively retransmit the signal of the far user. To validate the effectiveness of the model, the
Nakagami-m fading channel model is exploited. The simulation results obtained using the MATLAB tool show that
the proposed model improves the symbol error rates (SER) for the cell edge user. This paper offers a strategic
paradigm that opens up possibilities for improving QoS for future wireless communication networks.
17
Parallel Session 1A 1550-1605 Power Domain Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access: Survey of Design
Schemes and Future Challenges
Authors: Ridha Alaa Ahmed Hablulmateen (University of Kufa, Iraq) Ali Hilal Ali (University of Kufa, Iraq)
Abstract: This paper gives a thorough look and assessment of power domain non-orthogonal multiple access (PD-
NOMA) design schemes in order to solve important problems in fifth generation (5G) telecommunications
systems. This study presents novel approaches to improve throughput of 5G networks by scrutinizing the
constraints of existing multiple access architectures. This study stands out by conducting an in-depth investigation
into the distinctive utilization of time frequency and coding by PD-NOMA, with a particular focus on its application
in heterogeneous wireless networks. Through their innovative contributions to the field of telecommunications
engineering, the findings provide fresh perspectives on how to optimize the performance of 5G networks.
Parallel Session 1A 1605-1620 Multiuser Capacity Enhancement in B5G Networks Using Hybrid
CDMA-NOMA Scheme
Authors: Sabahat Sherien (NUST, Pakistan) Haleema Sadia (Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering and
Technology, Topi, Pakistan) Hafsa Iqbal (National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan)
Ridha Alaa Ahmed Hablulmateen (University of Kufa, Iraq)
Abstract: The rapid advancement of beyond fifth generation (B5G) networks has opened a new era of high
throughput demands, necessitating novel access schemes to overcome the associated challenges. Non-orthogonal
multiple access (NOMA) has emerged as a promising technique, outperforming conventional orthogonal multiple
access (OMA) in heterogeneous wireless networks. This paper introduces a new hybrid code division multiple
access (CDMA)-NOMA scheme to improve multi-user capacity and power allocation (PA) efficiency in wireless
networks. By combining the strengths of CDMA and NOMA, our proposed scheme forms NOMA clusters, each
accommodating multiple users with varying channel characteristics. Intra-cluster interference is mitigated through
successive interference cancellation (SIC), while inter-cluster interference is eliminated using CDMA spreading
codes. We address the challenge of PA, a critical aspect of NOMA networks, by assigning distinct codes to all users
within a cell. Through rigorous analysis, we evaluate the bit error rate performance of our hybrid scheme in diverse
channel conditions, including the NYUSIM, AWGN, Rician, and Rayleigh channel models. The results present an
innovative solution to enhance B5G network capacity, demonstrating the potential of our hybrid CDMA-NOMA
scheme to support more users efficiently while reducing SIC complexity.
18
Parallel Session 1B 1520-1535 Optimal Allocation and Size of PV Systems in Radial System Using
Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Mohammed I. Mosaad (Yanbu Industrial College, Saudi Arabia)
Abstract: The global demand for energy has experienced a substantial surge in recent years. To meet this demand,
extensive research has been done to explore distributed generation (DG) using renewable energy sources (RESs).
These renewable sources also reduce the number of environmental issues that conventional power plants' use
alleviates. Due to power losses, the bus voltage profile, power quality, and efficiency of Radial Distribution Systems
(RDS) are greatly impacted by the best location and size of the RESs-DG. The utilization of PV systems as a DG
source in RDS is examined in this research. The best placement and size for PV systems, one of the most popular
RESs utilized as DG sources, was used to illustrate this inquiry. Using the Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm (AOA),
this optimization task sought to maximize system efficiency by reducing power losses and enhancing the voltage
profile and power quality. To assess the execution of the suggested approach, three common RDS have been
utilized, namely; IEEE 31 bus system. The results demonstrate that the used AOA technique may determine the
ideal PV system size and placement to decrease power loss, improve voltage profile, and outperform other current
strategies with superiority over PSO.
Parallel Session 1B 1535-1550 Assessing the Carbon Footprint of Istanbul Airport: Emission
Estimates and Sustainable Solutions
Authors: Onur Sahin (Izmir Turk College, Turkey) Canda Deniz Sag (Izmir Turk College, Turkey)
Abstract: Istanbul Airport, strategically positioned as an international hub connecting Asia and Europe, faces
increasing scrutiny regarding its environmental impact, particularly its carbon dioxide (CO_2) emissions. This study
aims to quantify the CO_2 emissions from different aircraft types operating at the airport from 2018 to 2022.
Utilizing Tier 2 emission factors and aircraft movement data, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of yearly
emissions. Our findings indicate a decline in emissions across all aircraft types in 2020, presumably due to reduced
air traffic amid the COVID-19 pandemic, followed by a rebound in subsequent years. The BOEING-737 aircraft
showed the highest emissions consistently, marking it as a crucial target for mitigation strategies. Based on these
results, we propose a set of five strategies, including fleet modernization and the use of sustainable aviation fuels,
to mitigate future emissions. The study serves as a cornerstone for future research and policy-making aimed at
reducing the carbon footprint of air travel, aligning with both local and global sustainability goals.
19
Parallel Session 1B 1550-1605 Smart Water Irrigation System with Real-Time Data Collection and
Wireless Communication
Authors: Chia Chao Kang (University Xiamen Malaysia, Malaysia) Wei You Tan (Xiamen University Malaysia,
Malaysia) Wen Fang Yeo (Xiamen University Malaysia, Malaysia) Raymond Khor (Xiamen University Malaysia,
Malaysia) Jian Ding Tan (Xiamen University Malaysia, Malaysia) Mohammadmahdi Ariannejad (Xiamen University
Malaysia, Malaysia)
Abstract: The existing water irrigation system relies on manual or time-based control, which can result in water
wastage and overwatering of plants. Besides, Malaysia is expected to experience long-term drought caused by
climate change by 2030, which will impact the plants tremendously. A prototype of the system has been developed
to address these challenges. The water irrigation system targets public gardens with Wi-Fi coverage and utilizes
rainwater to irrigate plants. It aims to mitigate the long-term drought impact by introducing distributed water tank
systems and making better irrigation decisions using raindrop sensors. The system utilizes microcontrollers,
sensors, and actuators powered by rechargeable batteries for better portability to users. Users only need to ensure
water supply availability at the installation area, without relying on alternating current supply. The irrigation
system enables automatic mode and manual mode through Thinger.io software. The prototype demonstrates
better water conservation compared to traditional irrigation methods. Precise water irrigation and real-time data
monitoring effectively minimizes water wastage while optimizing plant growth. Furthermore, integrating of
automatic controls and remote manual control features greatly improves cost efficiency by minimizing labour
expenses and operational costs. The system supports the Sustainable Development Goals, Goal 11 (Sustainable
Cities and Communities).
Parallel Session 1B 1605-1620 Comparative Analysis of Control Algorithms in Isolated Dual Active
Bridge for Ultra Fast Charging of Electric Vehicles
Authors: Naila Shah (Jamia Millia Islamia, India) Ahteshamul Haque (Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India)
Suwaiba Mateen (Jamia Millia Islamia, India) Mohammad Amir (Jamia Millia Islamia, India) Amir Hussain (Texas
Instrument, USA) Haris M. Khalid (University of Dubai, United Arab Emirates)
Abstract: The move towards electric mobility was sparked by the detrimental effects of the dominance of
petroleum-based transportation. The major challenge associated with the widespread adoption of electric vehicles
(EVs) is its range anxiety. For a smooth transition to EVs and to ensure uninterrupted operation, there is an urgent
need for an ultra-fast charging (UFC) infrastructure that matches the convenience of the petrol refueling network.
The charging infrastructure for UFC has two power electronic conversion stages: the rectifier AC-DC stage and DC-
DC conversion stage. The modulation techniques offered for dual active bridge (DAB) encompass single phase shift
modulation (SPSM), dual phase shift modulation (DPSM), and triple phase shift modulation (TPSM). A comparative
analysis between the traditional phase shift algorithm known as single phase shift (SPS) and dual phase shift (DPS)
of DAB converter for UFC is carried out in this paper. For this purpose, a 100KW, 1KV DAB prototype with input
voltage of 800V and switching frequency of 10KHz has been proposed. The proposed converter was simulated and
compiled in the Typhoon Hardware-In-Loop (HIL) software. Based on the obtained results, it was found that DPS
control algorithm employed in DAB converter exhibited higher efficiency compared to conventional SPS control
algorithm.
20
Parallel Session 1B 1620-1635 Implementation of Electrical Monitoring for Integrating DC Microgrid
(Photovoltaic + Battery) in the Mixed Energy
Authors: Daouda Abdourahimoun (Abdou Moumouni University of Niamey (Niger), Niger) Mahamadou Abdou
Tankari (Abdou-Tankari, France) Abba Kaga Lagare Abatcha (Abdou Moumouni University, Niger)
Abstract: Today, in Africa, to meet the electricity demand, the mixed energy is the optimal solution. The main
challenge in this electrical system is the power management. This article focuses on the implementation of a
voltage regulation management technique for the direct voltage in microgrid, consisting of a photovoltaic source
and a battery. Indeed, this type of network contains fewer electrical disturbances (frequency variation, harmonics,
synchronism, etc.). The limit of this electrical system is the intermittency of photovoltaic modules. To integrate
the DC load in the existence power plant (for example solar plant, case of Niger), An experimental micro-grid was
created using an electronic power bench coupled to the sources: PV module and an Emulator battery. The
communication between these devices is ensured by an interface device, and a regulator dynamic control is the
technique adopted for voltage regulator. The implementation which has done in this paper, has validate by using
three scenarios have done and the PV emulator has calibrated with a regulator. The result obtained with regulator
is around 97.8% efficiency. With the variation of the load (Resistance) in all scenarios carried out, the controller
became effective with an accuracy between +2% to -1%.
Parallel Session 1C 1520-1535 Indonesia Call Center Access Code Running Out Occupancy Prediction
Authors: Catur Apriono (Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia) Savitri Amalia (Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
Abstract: Call centers are crucial for interacting with clients, such as helping customers solve problems.
Companies, government agencies, legal entities, and other sectors widely use it. In indonesia, access codes for call
centers have increased significantly from 2018 to 2021. It is necessary to predict the running out of occupancy due
to the limited combination of digits allocated by the government. This study aims to predict when the access code
occupancy of the call center service runs out by using linear regression in time series and comparison with the
allocated number of access codes. It is necessary for early mitigation in the form of regulations for setting new
combination digits for call centers. It was found that there will be an access code crisis for the call center service
codes in 2026, which will run out in 2027. Therefore, regulations related to combination digits should be verified
and modified soon to accommodate more demand in the future.
21
Parallel Session 1C 1535-1550 Proposed Agricultural Internet of Things (AIoT) Based Intelligent
System of Disease Forecasting
Authors: Jamshaid Iqbal Janjua (Al-Khawarizimi Institute of Computer Science & University of Engineering &
Technology, Lahore, Pakistan)
Abstract: The integration of the Internet of Things (IoT) in agriculture has brought about unprecedented
transformations, enhancing productivity, product quality, labor efficiency, and overall modernization. A critical
application in this context is disease prediction, pivotal for ensuring crop yield and quality. This paper proposes an
innovative approach - the Agricultural Internet of Things (AIoT) based Intelligent Disease Prediction System - aimed
at preemptively addressing agricultural disease outbreaks. By leveraging the synergies between AI and IoT, this
intelligent system offers a proactive disease prediction framework. Employing AI and IoT technologies, the system
collects, processes, and analyzes real-time agricultural data. It harnesses AI-driven pattern recognition and
machine learning algorithms, combined with IoT sensor data, to provide actionable insights for farmers and
stakeholders. This facilitates timely interventions to the counter potential disease threats and supports informed
decision-making. Beyond disease prediction, this AIoT-based approach holds implications for sustainable resource
management, yield optimization, and the harmonious integration of technology into agriculture. This research
contributes to the advancement of predictive agricultural systems, emphasizing the transformative potential of
AIoT in enhancing global food security and rural economies. As agriculture continues to embrace digitalization and
data-driven solutions, the proposed framework stands as a significant step towards achieving these goals.
Parallel Session 1C 1550-1605 Application of ANN and Equivalent Electrical Circuit for
Understanding the Power Transformer Frequency Response Analysis
Authors: Ahmed Allawy Alawady (Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia & The Islamic University, Najaf, Malaysia)
Salem Mgammal Al-Ameri (Curtin University Malaysia, Malaysia & Curtin, Malaysia)
Abstract: Frequency Response Analysis (FRA) is a well-known method approved and increases interest in
performing electric power utility tests. FRA has become a recognized technology for detecting winding and core
deformations in power transformers. The weakness of the FRA method is that there is no approved standard or
guidelines to understand the measured results, which depends on individual knowledge. For further
understanding of the FRA measurement, there are the lumped circuit approaches for power transformer fault
analysis. The presented circuit approaches elements of the transformer, including windings and core, can be
measured, or calculated. The challenge of identifying parameters for a power transformer equivalent circuit can
be solved using frequency response analysis (FRA) and artificial neural networks (ANN). In this paper, the two
techniques proposed and employed to extract the appropriate values of transformer circuit parameters that can
simulate the identical measured response. The proposed technique is examined through its application on a three-
phase transformer with 33/11 kV 500kVA. The FRA measurement was conducted using the end-to-end open-
circuit test. The results show that FRA and ANN techniques can be used to identify transformer-equivalent circuit
parameters. Furthermore, the proposed methods can be extended and used to estimate the parameters of a
three-phase power transformer of different ratings
22
Parallel Session 1C 1605-1620 Discovering the Conceptual Analysis of Interfusion Augmented
Reality Model for Visually Impaired Interaction Experience Through Rapid Review Approach
Authors: Nurulnadwan Aziz (UiTM, Malaysia) Siti Zulaiha Ahmad, Ts. (Universiti Teknologi Mara Perlis Branch,
Malaysia) Siti Salbiah Hamzah (UiTM, Malaysia) Azuwan Musa (International Islamic University Malaysia, Malaysia)
Anitawati Mohd Lokman (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia) Aishah Khalid (Universiti Teknologi MARA,
Malaysia)
Abstract: In the era of IR 4.0, augmented reality (AR) has seen widespread growth in the information and
communication technology (ICT) domain, yet existing AR models often neglect the interaction experience for
visually impaired (VI) individuals. This study addresses this gap by integrating affective design (AD) principles into
AR, immersive environments (IE), and assistive technology (AT). The main aim is to construct an interfusion AR
model that caters to the specific needs of VI interaction, crucial for overcoming challenges faced by the VI in
independent living. Prior to constructing the intended model, this study conducts a rapid review approach to
analyze conceptual requirements with the objective of strengthening the research gap of the study. This outcome
of this study aligns with Pillar 5 of the 12th Malaysian Plan, emphasizing the empowerment of disabled individuals
and addressing social well-being for the VI, contributing to Sustainable Development Goal 10 on reducing
inequalities. The research is poised to significantly impact the virtualization of VI interaction experiences,
leveraging augmented reality advancements in the era of IR 4.0.
Parallel Session 1D 1520-1535 Hate Speech Classification in Indonesian Tweets Using TF-IDF and
Data Augmentation
Authors: I Putu Widiarta Nandana Githa (Bina Nusantara University, Indonesia) Alleycia Syananda (Bina Nusantara
University, Indonesia) Regina Faustine (Bina Nusantara University, Indonesia) Ivan Sebastian Edbert (Computer
Science, Indonesia & Bina Nusantara University, Indonesia) Derwin Suhartono (Bina Nusantara University,
Indonesia)
Abstract: Suicide is currently a public health concern as it can affect people of all ages. The number of people
attempting suicide is increasing as the World Health Organization (WHO) notes that over 700.000 people in the
world die because of suicide every year. The factors that cause suicide are various, one of which is cyberbullying.
One form of cyberbullying is hating speech, which has far-reaching impacts on society as it may cause a serious
emotional health issues and fatal consequences such as suicide. So, the detection of hate speech as early as
possible may be essential to prevent adverse effects. In this study, we proposed a model that can classify hate
speech in Indonesian tweets using three machine learning algorithms: Support Vector Machine, Random Forest,
and ensemble method combined with data augmentation to handle imbalanced class. The results show that the
model will achieve higher accuracy and become more accurate when we perform data augmentation before
training the model. The ensemble method obtained 11 percent higher evaluation score when using a balanced
dataset. With an 11 percent increase in accuracy, we can create a more accurate model for classifying hate speech
and prevent the negative impact of hate speech.
23
Parallel Session 1D 1535-1550 A Critical Review on Control Techniques for Parallel Operated
Inverters in Grid Connected and Standalone Mode
Authors: Md Zafar Khan (Jamia Millia Islamia, India) Ahteshamul Haque (Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India)
Azra Malik (Jamia Nagar, New Delhi & Jamia Millia Islamia, India) Mohammad Amir (Jamia Millia Islamia, India)
Fatima Shabir Zahgeer (Jamia Millia Islamia, India) Haris M. Khalid (University of Dubai, United Arab Emirates)
Abstract: Parallel inverter systems have gained significant attention due to the advantages associated with them
in modern power grids and parallel grid connections. The control of parallel inverters plays a crucial role in ensuring
stable and efficient operation of these systems. This paper provides an extensive review of control strategies for
parallel inverters, encompassing diverse facets such as 1) synchronization methods, 2) voltage, and 3) frequency
regulation, 4) power sharing, and 5) communication. Furthermore, the merits and demerits of various control
techniques are discussed along with the challenges and potential venues for future research. The goal of this
review is to provide researchers and practitioners with a deep understanding of the current state-of-the-art in
parallel inverter control and foster further advancements in this field.
Parallel Session 1D 1550-1605 Solar-Powered LoRa Wireless Water Quality Monitoring for Saline
Tilapia Aquaculture
Authors: FA Brian Ganda Pratama (Telkom Indonesia, Indonesia) I Ketut Agung Enriko (Institut Teknologi Telkom
Purwokerto & PT Telkom Indonesia, Indonesia) Fikri Nizar Gustiyana (Telkom University, Indonesia) Erika Lety
Istikhomah Puspita Sari (Indonesia Telecommunication & Digital Research Institute, Indonesia & Telkom,
Indonesia) Fahmi Hidayatullah (Telkom Indonesia, Indonesia) Ahmad Luthfi (Telkom Corporate University,
Indonesia)
Abstract: In the pursuit of advancing aquaculture practices, the Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture (DJPB)
has initiated a pioneering project to model the high-density cultivation of Oreochromis niloticus (tilapia). This
project aims to achieve a stocking density of 25 fish per square meter under salinity conditions of 20 parts per
thousand (ppt). The project's success hinges on the meticulous management of water quality parameters, which
is critical for sustaining optimal fish growth and survival rates in such intensive rearing conditions. To address this
exigency, the DJPB proposes the deployment of an Internet of Things (IoT) Smart Water Quality Monitoring
System. This paper delineates the systematic development and implementation of this novel system, capable of
measuring essential water quality parameters including temperature, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), pH, salinity, and
water volume, providing real-time updates at one-second intervals. The initial deployment phase encompasses
the installation of 10 units across ponds with surface areas measuring 4000m2 and 2000m2.
24
Parallel Session 1D 1605-1620 Sensor Fusion System for Localization of Autonomous Car
Authors: Moh. Ismarintan Zazuli (Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Indonesia) Rudy Dikairono (Institut
Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Indonesia) Djoko Purwanto (Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Indonesia)
Muhtadin Muhtadin (Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Indonesia) M. Lukman Hakim (Institut Teknologi
Sepuluh Nopember, Indonesia)
Abstract: In the realm of advancing self-driving vehicle technology, numerous pivotal elements contribute
significantly to its progress, with localization standing out as a critical aspect. A robust localization system holds
immense significance, allowing a vehicle to precisely ascertain its position on the global map and navigate the
complexities of the road network efficiently. Diverse methodologies, including the Global Navigation Satellite
System (GNSS), Wheel Odometry, and Inertia Measurement, can be employed to develop this intricate system.
Each method brings its own set of advantages and drawbacks, contributing to the nuanced landscape of self-
driving vehicle localization. To enhance the accuracy and quality of data, this paper proposes a methodology that
integrates information from various sources, such as GNSS, Wheel Odometry, and Inertia Measurement, using the
Extended Kalman Filter. This approach serves as a linchpin for obtaining precise and reliable data, aiming to
synergistically leverage the strengths of each method while mitigating their weaknesses. The overarching objective
is to fortify the overall reliability of the generated data, emphasizing a holistic and integrated perspective. This
methodology represents a significant stride toward refining data quality within self-driving vehicle localization
systems, contributing to the realization of more robust and dependable autonomous driving technology.
Parallel Session 1D 1620-1635 Automated LiDAR-Based Dataset Labelling Method for Road Image
Segmentation in Autonomous Vehicles
Authors: Pandu Surya Tantra (Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Indonesia) Rudy Dikairono (Institut Teknologi
Sepuluh Nopember, Indonesia) Hendra Kusuma (Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Indonesia) Muhtadin
Muhtadin (Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Indonesia) Tasripan Tasripan (Institut Teknologi Sepuluh
Nopember, Indonesia)
Abstract: This research introduces an automated method for labeling datasets in road segmentation, specifically
tailored for autonomous vehicle technology, using LiDAR sensor data. It employs LiDAR surface contour data to
pinpoint potential segmentation points. These points are further refined through a series of methods including
road boundary estimation, local mapping, and a road curve fitting algorithm. We also developed a more
generalized method for inverse perspective mapping using artificial neural network algorithm. Subsequently, a
mask creation process is undertaken, aimed at producing datasets for camera-based systems, which are notably
more cost-effective compared to LiDAR-based alternatives. The outcome of this research is a polygon-based mask
dataset, specifically designed for road image segmentation. In our experiments, we successfully generated over
2000 datasets covering a 1km road segment within the ITS campus complex, achieving a mean IoU score of 0.90.
This innovative approach has the potential to increase the efficiency and affordability of autonomous vehicle
technology.
25
Parallel Session 2A 1000-1015 Face Detection with YOLOv7: A Comparative Study of YOLO-Based
Face Detection Models
Authors: Aifian Chan (Universiti Tun Hussein Onn, Malaysia)
Abstract: Face detection is a subcategory of object detection where the main task is to detect faces in digital media
such as images. There is a plethora of face detection models that have been introduced throughout the years that
use various deep learning architectures. However, this study focuses on face detection using YOLO architecture.
YOLO is a single-stage architecture that is well-known for its accuracy and fast inference speed, making it suitable
for various real-time applications. YOLO architecture was introduced back in 2015, and its subsequent generations
performed significantly better and became more robust. This study uses the YOLOv7 model as the base model for
a face detector and was trained using the Wider Face and FDDB datasets to detect faces. Three variations of face
detector modules were created, each with a different number of parameter counts. The lightest model, called
YFaces-Tiny, has achieved mAP scores of 94.07%, 92.36%, and 83.15% on the Easy, Medium, and Hard subsets of
the Wider Face dataset. YOLOv7face-X, the largest variation, has achieved even better results in all three subsets.
Based on the comparative analysis of different face detection YOLO-based models, the YFaces face detector is
capable of competing with other SOTA face detection models.
Parallel Session 2A 1015-1030 Improved Radar Signal Recognition by Combining ResNet with
Transformer Learning
Authors: Zeyu Tang (Macao Polytechnic University, Macao) Hong Shen (Central Queensland University, China)
Abstract: Existing work for radar signal recognition based on deep learning focuses on deploying convolutional
neural networks (CNN) to extract signal's local features, but ignores global features and signal position features in
the image, resulting in unsatisfactory recognition results under low SNR. This paper proposes a novel radar signal
recognition model that is able to extract both local and global features of time-frequency radar signals more
effectively by combining CNN-based ResNet and transformer learning. Specifically, we apply ChoiWilliams
distribution (CWD) to transform the signal time domain waveform into a two-dimensional time-frequency image
(TFI) and display the intra-pulse characteristics of the signal in both time domain and frequency domain. We
perform preprocessing including grayscale and binarization on the time-frequency images in order to better
highlight the signal characteristics. Then, as the central part of this work, we integrate ResNet feature extraction
with multi-head self-attention (MHSA) enabled transformer learning to build our ResNet-MHSA model, namely
RM-Net, and use the SCR-loss evaluation module to train the model. Experimental results show that when the SNR
is -10dB, the radar signal recognition rate of 12 different modulation types can reach 95.6% with our method,
which is an increase of more than 6% than existing work.
26
Parallel Session 2A 1030-1045 STaaS: Cost Effective and Scalable Union Mounting in ICP for
Aerospace Applications
Authors: Sakthivel V (Konkuk Aerospace Design-Airworthiness Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul, Seoul, South
Korea)
Abstract: Cloud computing widely used in various specific areas leads to the emergence of "Short-Time as a
Service" (STaaS) as a cost-effective and scalable way for enterprises and organizations to access and utilize
computing resources. Union mounting, a method that enables multiple file systems to be combined into one
virtual file system, has been proposed as a strategy to optimize STaaS by allowing resources to be allocated
dynamically based on user requirements. This research paper explores the feasibility and benefits of STaaS with
the union mounting method, using a project providing a simulation environment on the Industry Cloud Platform
(ICP) for the aerospace organization that requires an environment that can automatically and quickly create cluster
groups of Cloud In the Loop Simulation (CILS) for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) operations. The results
demonstrate that STaaS with a union mounting method can provide significant benefits in terms of CILS cluster
group creation, performance optimization, and flexibility. Specifically, our proposed research could reduce
instance creation time costs by up to 90% compared to the traditional creation method. Overall, STaaS with union
mounting method improves the creation time of the CILS cluster group for the aerospace organization requiring
flexibility and cost-effectiveness.
Parallel Session 2A 1045-1100 Design of LO Phase Shifter Based on Quadrature Hybrid Ring Coupler
for IQ Mixer in Synthetic Aperture Radar Applications
Authors: Abdurrasyid Ruhiyat (Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia) Farohaji Kurniawan (National Research and
Innovation Agency, Indonesia) Bambang Setiadi (National Research and Innovation Agency, Indonesia) Catur
Apriono (Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia)
Abstract: Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) can produce high-resolution images and be operated in any weather
condition, day and night, without a light source. One of the important components that construct an RF system is
the IQ Mixer, which mixes the base chirp signal with the carrier signal and increases the bandwidth of the
transmitted signal to twice the maximum frequency of the base chirp signal. The range resolution of SAR depends
on the bandwidth transmitted signal. This research proposes a LO Phase Shifter design that will be used as a
supporting component for IQ Mixer in Synthetic Aperture Radar applications based on a Quadrature Hybrid Ring
Coupler. The result from the fabricated measurement shows that the coupler has a good S-parameter value. S11
has a low reflection of -33.85 dB, S41 has a high isolation of -29.56 dB, S21 and S31 have low attenuation with
amplitude unbalance of 0.2 dB and phase unbalance of 1.93 degrees. The requirement bandwidth of 150 MHz at
the center frequency of 5.5 GHz was also achieved.
27
Parallel Session 2A 1100-1115 Comprehensive IoT-Based Monitoring System for Improving Worker's
Health and Safety at the High-Risk Working Environment
Authors: Jasmine Benny Wan (Wehaya Sdn. Bhd., Malaysia) Ing Ming Chew (Curtin University Malaysia, Malaysia)
Wei Kitt Wong (Curtin University, Malaysia) Saaveethya Sivakumar (Curtin University, Malaysia) Filbert H.
Juwono (Xi'an Jiaotong - Liverpool University, China) Teck Chai Tiong (Curtin University Sarawak, Malaysia)
Abstract: For all engineering endeavours, workplace safety comes to top priority. Even with careful planning,
accidents and fatalities still occurred due to little mitigation in place, personnel currently on duty cannot be
continuously monitored. This research project uses wearable devices, which are enabled by IoT technologies, to
monitor physiological and environmental variable in the real-time. SpO2 and heart rate measurements are
categorized under physiological monitoring approach, whereas AQI, combustible gas, and temperature
measurements are categorized under environmental monitoring approach. To reflect the different level of health
and safety problems, the design is adopted with the safeness measurements, and the conditions are then
displayed on the Blynk application dashboards. The analysis's findings demonstrate the effectiveness of both
physiological and environmental monitoring because erroneous readings will activate warning LEDs on the
dashboards and convey an alert message to the line manager. However, this research project still could be
extended and upgraded so can display the battery level of the devices and monitor more workers at the same
time in the high-risk environment for the massive production lines.
Parallel Session 2B 1000-1015 Enhanced Online Impedance Estimation of Grid-Connected Inverter

Using Hybrid Pseudorandom Binary Sequence
Authors: Muhammad Ajmal Khan (Griffith University, Australia) Foad Taghizadeh (Macquarie University Sydney,
Australia) Junwei Lu (Griffith University, Australia) Feifei Bai (Griffith University, Australia)
Abstract: As renewable energy sources increasingly become part of the electrical grid, the need for advanced
monitoring and control systems is more pressing than ever. One critical component is the online impedance
estimation of grid-connected inverters, a key factor in ensuring system stability, control, and low-voltage ride-
through capabilities. Existing techniques for impedance measurement are generally divided into nonintrusive and
intrusive methods, each with its own set of challenges and limitations. This paper presents a groundbreaking
approach to online impedance estimation using a Hybrid Pseudorandom Binary Sequence (HPRBS). Unlike
conventional Pseudo-Random Binary Sequence (PRBS), which is characterized by low power content in the low-
frequency region, the proposed method exhibits reduced susceptibility to noise. The HPRBS method is engineered
for robustness in noisy environments and offers enhanced grid impedance measurement. The proposed HPRBS
framework strikes a balance between ease of implementation and measurement accuracy, offering a practical and
reliable solution for real-time impedance assessment in grid-connected inverters. This innovative approach has
the potential to significantly improve the reliability and efficiency of integrating renewable energy sources into
the electrical grid.
28
Parallel Session 2B 1015-1030 A Review of Battery Energy Storage System Optimization: Current
State-Of-The-Art and Future Trends
Authors: Shiva Talebi (Dalhousie University, Canada) Hamed Aly (Dalhousie University, Canada)
Abstract: The transition away from fossil fuels due to their environmental impact has prompted the integration of
renewable energy sources, particularly wind and solar, into the main grid. However, the intermittent nature of
these renewables and the potential for overgeneration pose significant challenges. Battery energy storage systems
(BESS) emerge as a solution to balance supply and demand by storing surplus energy for later use and optimizing
various aspects such as capacity, cost, and power quality. Battery energy storage systems are a key component,
and determining optimal sizing and scheduling is a critical aspect of the design of the system. The degradation of
batteries may not seem important in some optimization studies, but it has a significant impact on objectives like
system reliability and cost. Addressing degradation either as a constraint or an objective in optimization models is
a crucial point. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of BESS, covering various battery technologies,
degradation, optimization strategies, objectives, and constraints. It categorizes optimization goals and methods,
offering insights into the current research landscape and identifying research gaps. The paper's recommendations
aim to guide researchers in designing efficient battery-based energy storage systems, promoting a sustainable
future with green energy solutions.
Parallel Session 2B 1030-1045 Advanced Forecasting of Wind Energy Generation Through

Integration of AE-CLSTM
Authors: Md Saidur Rashid Mahin (Lamar University, USA) Shaharier Kabir (American International University-
Bangladesh, Bangladesh) Md Ashikul Islam (Lamar University, USA) Abu Shufian (American International
University-Bangladesh, Bangladesh)
Abstract: The advent of sustainable energy solutions marks a pivotal shift in the global energy landscape, with
wind energy playing a crucial role due to its minimal environmental impact. However, the inherent unpredictability
of wind necessitates advanced forecasting methods for effective grid management. This research introduces the
Autoencoder Convolutional Long Short-Term Memory (AE-CLSTM) model, a novel approach that synergizes the
dimensionality reduction prowess of Autoencoders with the spatial and temporal pattern recognition capabilities
of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks. This integrated model
aims to enhance the accuracy and reliability of wind energy forecasting, addressing the challenges posed by the
stochastic nature of wind behavior. Employing an extensive dataset from a wind farm's SCADA system, the AE-
CLSTM model outperforms conventional CNN Model, LSTM Model, and CNN-LSTM model in terms of accuracy.
The key findings of this research are encouraging: the model achieved a Correlation Coefficient of 95.43%,
indicating a strong positive relationship between predicted and actual energy outputs, signifying the model's
effectiveness in providing reliable forecasts than another model. These outcomes highlight the potential of AE-
CLSTM in transforming wind power prediction, contributing significantly to the effective management of smart
grids and the expansion of sustainable energy integration.
29
Parallel Session 2B 1045-1100 Bacterial Foraging Optimization Based Least Square Support Vector
Machine for Short-Term Electricity Load Forecasting
Authors: Farah Anishah Zaini (Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Malaysia) Intan Azmira (Universiti Teknikal
Malaysia Melaka, Malaysia) Mohamad Fani Sulaima (Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Malaysia) Chin Kim
Gan (Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Malaysia) Elia Erwani Hassan (Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka,
Malaysia)
Abstract: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has been related to energy consumption in Peninsular Malaysia
due to the imposition of the Movement Control Order in March 2020. Consequently, energy consumption in
residential buildings has risen while in the services and industrial sectors has reduced tremendously, causing
electricity consumption demand to fall to Sunday consumption levels. The highly stochastic nature of electricity
demand poses increasing challenges for power utilities in maintaining demand-supply balance, particularly in the
context of high forecast errors. Thus, a thorough understanding of electricity demand patterns and their influence
on load forecasting is essential for ensuring the reliable operation of the electrical grid. Several studies published
have shown that the single load forecasting model such as neural network and support vector machine has
relatively low prediction accuracy compared to the hybrid method. Thus, this study aims to examine the suitability
and performance of the Bacterial Foraging Optimization Algorithm integration with the Least Square Support
Vector Machine to predict a day-ahead load in Peninsular Malaysia during the pandemic. The mean absolute
percentage error as the objective function of the prediction model obtained ranges from 3.17% to 4.99%
considering 5 day-type in a week.
Parallel Session 2B 1100-1115 Modeling Electric Vehicle Charging Station in Bandung Area via
Discrete Event Simulation
Authors: Selvi Aziz Wahyudi (Bandung Institute Technology, Indonesia) Fathin Saifur Rahman (Institut Teknologi
Bandung, Indonesia) Nanang Hariyanto (STEI ITB, Indonesia)
Abstract: The increasing adoption of electrical vehicles (EVs) presents an issue to transportation dynamics. One of
the keys to be addressed is the limitation of driving characteristics of EVs in the system. In this study, we present
a comprehensive study that utilizes discrete event simulation (DES) to model and analyze the complex dynamics
of EV driving and charging events in an urban environment, of Bandung region. The approach is demonstrated by
designating several existing destinations and electrical vehicle charging stations (EVCSs) for EVs to drive across the
network. To construct an accurate model, we develop scenarios where drivers potentially charge their EVs at home
with different probabilities (Phc). However, the findings indicate that the public EVCS is only being utilized with
Phc 0 – 75%. Specifically, only three stations, 3, 6, and 9, are frequently visited with the charging duration peaks
at around 107 minutes from 11 a.m. to 1 p.m. Finally, the study concludes by discussing offers valuable insights
and improving the overall user experience within Bandung's EV charging infrastructure.
30
Parallel Session 2C 1000-1015 Sustainable AI Cinemagraph Photography Art for the Preservation of
Batik Malang
Authors: Hindam Basith Rafiqi (Bina Nusantara University, Indonesia) Lutfi Atmaji (Bina Nusantara University,
Indonesia) Ida Bagus Ananta Wijaya (Binus University, Indonesia) Rudi Yulio (Binus University, Indonesia)
Abstract: Kabupaten Malang, which is located in East Java Province, is one of the tourist destinations, especially
for the people of East Java and around Kabupaten Malang. Tourism potential in Kabupaten Malang is quite diverse
including Malang Batik as a cultural art of Kabupaten Malang. When hearing the value of batik, the image that
appears is Central Java such as Yogyakarta Province, Solo City or Kabupaten Klaten although some areas outside
Central Java also have distinctive batik patterns so we are interested in exploring how to preserve and introduce
the batik production of Kabupaten Malang and its producers, namely Rumah Batik Pandan Arum. By utilizing the
development of technology in the field of photography, Cinemagraph was chosen as a medium for batik
preservation. The research method carried out in this study is a qualitative research method plus a data survey in
the form of an affirmative questionnaire. Data Processing in the form of analysis from the results of interviews
and media design in the form of photography developed into a cinematograph led by Batik Pandan Arum.
Keywords—Preservation, Batik, Artificial Intelligent, Photography, Cinemagraph
Parallel Session 2C 1015-1030 Non-Linear, Non-Convex and Discontinuous Base Oil Processing
Optimization Using Differential Evolution Method
Authors: Muhamad Amir Mohd Fadzil (Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Malaysia) Haslinda Zabiri (Universiti
Teknologi PETRONAS, Malaysia)
Abstract: The processing of base oil is a complex procedure involving various units, including the atmospheric
distillation unit (ADU), vacuum distillation unit (VDU), intermediate tanks, hydrotreating unit, hydroisomerization
unit, hydrodearomatization unit, and product fractionation unit (PFU). These units operate in a combination of
batch and continuous processes to generate multiple product grades from the same raw material. Integrating all
these units creates a challenging optimization problem characterized by non-linearity, non-convexity, and
discontinuity. Solving such a problem is exceedingly difficult without simplifying the model to a linear form or
assuming fixed base oil yields for each grade. However, the Differential Evolution optimization method offers a
solution to this problem. By employing Differential Evolution optimization, it becomes possible to solve the
problem while considering the model's complexity and without making simplifications. This approach has the
advantage of accommodating changes in the feedstock, particularly its composition, in order to determine the
optimal operating conditions for maximizing yields. The effectiveness of this method has been demonstrated
through successful testing using actual plant data.
31
Parallel Session 2C 1030-1045 Vision-Based Automated Parking Monitoring Using Geo-Tagged UAV
Images
Authors: Chung Yi Lai (Swinburne University of Technology Sarawak Campus, Malaysia) Hudyjaya Siswoyo
Jo (Swinburne University of Technology Sarawak Campus, Malaysia) Chean Hung Lai (Swinburne University of
Technology Sarawak Campus, Malaysia) Michelle Dunn (Swinburne University of Technology Hawthorn Campus,
Malaysia
Abstract: This paper proposes an automated solution for parking monitoring using geo-tagged UAV (Unmanned
Aerial Vehicle) images. The parking monitoring system utilizes a UAV to patrol the parking lot. The UAV captures
video footage that contains geolocation information. Geo-tagged images are extracted from the video footage
and processed using the YOLOv8 object detection algorithm to recognize occupied and vacant parking spaces. The
license plates of the parked vehicles in the occupied parking space are extracted using EasyOCR and stored in a
database. Each parking space is labeled with a unique ID with its date, time, geolocation data, and occupancy
status to facilitate integrated digital parking solutions for both the users and parking operators.
Parallel Session 2C 1045-1100 Unmanned Aerial Vehicle-Assisted Assessment of Cable-Stayed

Bridge Slant Cables and Piers: Methods and Applications
Authors: Lin Ge (Taylor’s University, Malaysia) Swee King Phang (Taylor's University, Malaysia) Jianfeng
Che (Taylor’s University, Malaysia)
Abstract: This study focuses on the structural integrity assessment of the slant cables and piers of the Damen
Bridge in Wenzhou City using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology. By integrating rotary-wing UAVs, high-
resolution cameras, and other advanced inspection equipment, we achieved a comprehensive inspection of critical
structural components of the bridge. During the inspection process, each slant cable was subdivided to ensure
complete image capture. Additionally, high-definition videos of the piers were recorded from various angles using
UAVs. Through the analysis of these high-quality imaging data, a total of 141 structural defects were identified,
including 117 in the slant cables and 24 in the piers. Furthermore, advanced image processing and data analysis
techniques were applied to analyze the captured data in detail, accurately pinpointing the specific locations and
nature of the defects. The results of this study not only demonstrate the effectiveness of UAVs and digital imaging
technology in bridge inspection and maintenance but also provide crucial technical support for the long-term
stability and safe operation of the bridge. Additionally, our methodology holds significant reference value for
similar large-scale bridge health monitoring, offering new perspectives for future bridge maintenance strategies.
32
Parallel Session 2C 1100-1115 Deciphering Political Discourse on Twitter: A Deep Dive into SVM vs.
Naïve Bayes Approaches
Authors: Casi Setianingsih (Telkom University, Indonesia)
Abstract: Twitter is a social media that can be used to exchange ideas and give opinions. Twitter users can write
their opinion on the issue of the President's administration. The views expressed are positive and negative. Public
sentiment is something that presidents need to think about, and they have to be smart in finding ways to gain the
trust of people who have different views. This study aims to determine the sentiments of the public who give
opinions on government issues, especially toward President Joko Widodo. Based on the analysis and testing of
Twitter tweets, 1200 data were obtained, with 600 positive data and 600 negative data. By comparing the naïve
Bayes (NB) and support vector machine (SVM) classification methods, it is evident that the classification model
using the support vector machine method yields an accuracy rate of 86.39%.
Parallel Session 2D 1000-1015 Porosity Prediction for Carbon Dioxide Storage Assessment Using
Boosting Ensemble Machine Learning Algorithms. Case Study: Darling Basin, Australia
Authors: Kushan Sandunil (Curtin University Malaysia, Malaysia) Ziad Bennour (Faculty of Engineering and Science,
Curtin University, Malaysia) Saaveethya Sivakumar (Curtin University, Malaysia) Ausama Giwelli (INPEX, Australia)
Lionel Esteban (CSIRO Energy, Australia)
Abstract: Machine learning has been utilized to estimate porosity in the subsurface formations for the past couple
of decades in reservoir engineering. However, with the newfound interest in carbon sequestration to drive the oil
and gas industry towards carbon net zero, estimating porosity of potential carbon storing formations has become
a vital part in estimating the carbon storage capacity. Boosting ensemble machine learning algorithms are capable
of reducing underfitting, which is an advantage over many traditional machine learning algorithms. In this study,
three regression-friendly ensemble algorithms, Adaboost regression, gradient boost regression and extreme
gradient boost regression were used to predict porosity of sandstone layers in Darling basin. The dataset was
cleaned and fed into the machine learning algorithms developed using Python programming language. Models'
performances were evaluated using coefficient of determination (R2). Results showed that, extreme gradient
boost regression algorithm performs the best during porosity prediction with a test-model R2 value of 0.9321.
Further, gradient boost regression algorithm yielded an R2 value of 0.8804 while Adaboost regression yielded the
least R2 value of 0.8129. Moreover, results suggested that extreme gradient boost regression algorithm can
successfully be used in predicting porosity of subsurface formations, during the assessment phase of carbon
dioxide storage.
33
Parallel Session 2D 1015-1030 Development of a Red Tide Early Detection System Using Satellite
Images
Authors: Yuto Inokuchi (Kumamoto University, Japan) Kosei Kobayashi (Kumamoto University, Japan) Jules
Guillerault (Universite Clermont Auvergne, France) Yasuhisa Henmi (Kumamoto University, Japan) Pedro Henrique
Gonzalez Silva (Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) Masayoshi Aritsugi (Kumamoto University, Japan)
Abstract: Harmful algal blooms represent significant ecological disturbances, characterized by the rapid
accumulation of detrimental algae in water bodies. Such events, particularly red tides, have increasingly impacted
marine ecosystems in areas such as the Ariake Sea and Yatsushiro Sea in Kumamoto, Southern Japan. This study
investigates the temporal dynamics of red tide events in these regions and proposes an innovative early detection
methodology that leverages satellite imagery through deep learning techniques. The primary aim is to accurately
forecast the occurrence of this event within a predictive window of a few days. This paper details the development
of our early detection framework, discusses the challenges faced during its implementation, and explores how
machine learning can be further refined using time-series satellite data for environmental monitoring. Our models,
tested across two distinct Japanese regions, achieved a prediction accuracy of up to 96% for impending red tide
events, demonstrating the potential of this approach for timely and effective coastal management.
Parallel Session 2D 1030-1045 Studies on Techniques to Improve YOLO in Fault Detection Using RGB
Images of Solar Panels
Authors: Weng Ti Wong (Taylor's University, Malaysia) Swee King Phang (Taylor's University, Malaysia)
Abstract: Solar panels can have short lifespan and significantly lower efficiency with the occurrence of various
faults. Currently, most fault detection methods suffer from cost-ineffectiveness due to either requiring expensive
equipment, such as a thermal camera or lack of information on the source of the faults. Most of the research of
using You Only Look Once (YOLO) to detect faults in solar panels revolves around thermal images too. This paper
aims to propose an alternative method to detect faults (primarily cracks and soiling) in solar panels by applying
YOLOv7 on Red, Green, Blue (RGB) images captured by an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). To further improve the
performance of this scheme, this paper will focus on applying various techniques to improve the accuracy and
training time of the model, which includes gray scale conversion, data augmentation and change of Gradient
Descent (GD) optimizer. Based on preliminary results, it was found that the combination of gray scale conversion
and data augmentation leads to an accuracy of 95.91% while Nadam stands out as the best optimizers because it
reduces required training time for convergence by 75 epochs
34
Parallel Session 2D 1045-1100 Optimizing UAV Pathways for Enhanced 3D Architectural
Reconstruction
Authors: Jianfeng Che (Taylor’s University, Malaysia) Swee King Phang (Taylor's University, Malaysia) Lin
Ge (Taylor’s University, Malaysia)
Abstract: This study investigates UAVs path planning algorithms for 3D reconstruction of buildings, focusing on
the A* and RRT* methods. It assesses their performance in terms of flight distance, time, and cost. The results
show A*'s efficiency in reducing flight time and cost with its direct routing, despite both algorithms covering similar
distances. This work enhances understanding of UAVs path planning's role in the quality and efficiency of 3D
reconstructions.
Parallel Session 2D 1100-1115 Reducing Power Dissipation in Adiabatic ECRL Inverter Based on All-
NMOS Transistors
Authors: Sarhan M. Musa (Prairie View A&M University, USA) Ayodeji Olanite (Prairie View A&M University, USA)
Abstract: The world of microelectronics has been revolutionized by technology, and the Integrated Circuit (IC) has
been the primary driving force behind all these advancements. Over time, improvements have been made to ICs
to enhance their performance, like increasing clock frequency or increasing the number of transistors, but with
this advancement comes with the drawback of more power dissipation in our IC, which has been combated in
several ways one of which is the use of adiabatic logic circuit. This research studies how power dissipation is
reduced when the rise and fall time of a power clock pulse (Vdd) is reduced in an ECRL inverter circuit and proposes
a modified circuit that dissipates lesser heat at the same rise and fall pulse signal.
35
Parallel Session 3A 1540-1555 Segmented R2: A Proposed Variant for Unbalanced and Skewed
Dataset
Authors: Wei Kitt Wong (Curtin University, Malaysia)
Abstract: R2 (R-Squared) is an important metric that is often used for evaluating the goodness of Fit or evaluating
the variables. As A measurement of Goodness-of-fit (GOF), the metric is only accurate when the distribution of
the observed target is equal. This research propose a modified R2 based on distribution interval. The proposed
approach includes modification by separating the distribution range into smaller sections. In order study the effect,
the USGC (United States Geological Survey) dissolved oxygen data set was considered. This data set is considered
difficult for prediction, and distribution is highly skewed towards certain ranges. The testing indicates that the
overall R2 yielded acceptable results, but in reality, the segmented R2 showed extremely bad results. The proposed
approach indicates a preliminary introduction to a simple and effective modification to existing R2 that is ideal for
representing goodness of fit in view of a non-balanced distribution of data. Index Terms-Statistics, Machine
learning, R2 variant
Parallel Session 3A 1555-1610 Archery Bow Micro-Movement Profiling Using Inertial Measurement
Unit
Authors: Jonathan Then Sien Phang (Curtin University, Malaysia) King Hann Lim (Curtin University Malaysia,
Malaysia) Basil Andy Lease (Curtin University Malaysia, Malaysia) Dar Hung Chiam (Curtin University Malaysia,
Malaysia)
Abstract: The micro-movement of archery bow is crucial in determining arhcer's shooting performance. The
attachment of Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) on a bow can provide an insight of the hand-to-grid movement
during archers perform anchoring and aiming phases. The movement study of using IMU is captured in this paper
to further analyze the low and high frequency components. By applying Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to the IMU
signal, several statistical insight can be gained to understand the micro-movement performance in archery,
particularly during the aiming phase. Subsequently, a performance profile can be constructed by obtaining the
statistical parameters in the FFT analysis of all elite archers. The average FFT frequency components is devised
using a normal distribution, with a standard deviation found at $26Hz$. In addition, the top-10 occurrence
frequencies reveal that $1Hz$, $3Hz$, $6Hz$, and $10Hz$ are the most significant frequencies exhibited among
all archers. A scoring system is demonstrated by implementing the performance profile and a threshold value to
inspect the archers' profiles.
36
Parallel Session 3A 1610-1625 Evolution of Flood Detection System and Its Role in Supporting SDG
Authors: Syafiah Najihah Mohd Nasir (Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia) Fatin Nuraleya Sahidi (Universiti Kuala
Lumpur, Malaysia) Siti Nur Dania Allysa Zainal Abidin (Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia) Solihah Nafisatul 'Ilmi
Muhammad Nazri (Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia) Nur Huda Batrisyia Harmizi (Universiti Kuala Lumpur,
Malaysia) Nur Farahwahida Ab Aziz (Universiti Kuala Lumpur Malaysian Institute of Information Technology,
United Kingdom (Great Britain) & Brunel University, United Kingdom (Great Britain))
Abstract: This paper emphasises flood detection systems' critical role in environmental protection, reducing flood
damage and contributing to SDG 15 (Life on Land). The economic dimension is expanded upon, emphasising the
importance of a sufficient economy and improved environmental planning to meet SDGs 8 (Decent Work and
Economic Growth) and 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities). The study also looks at how flood detection
systems contribute to SDG 11 by providing early warnings, engaging local communities, and facilitating emergency
response. It emphasises the need for continuous refinement and improvement, in line with the SDGs' ideals of
innovation and resilience. The study emphasises the connection of environmental, economic, and societal
dimensions in achieving long-term development goals.
Parallel Session 3A 1625-1640 Development of Serious Game Theory Framework in Virtual Reality
for Alzheimer's Patients
Authors: Haiwei Zuo (Curtin University Malaysia, China) King Hann Lim (Curtin University Malaysia, Malaysia)
Sivaraman Eswaran (Curtin University Malaysia, Malaysia) Basil Andy Lease (Curtin University Malaysia, Malaysia)
Abstract: The rising number of Alzheimer's disease among the elderly population has significantly raised the
awareness in the the public health. The current treatment heavily relying on specialist and medical environment
setup requires higher cost and subjective diagnosis on the disease. To overcome these challenges, this paper
proposes an integration technologies of virtual reality and large language model in a serious game development
to perform Alzheimer's assessment and intervention. This proposed system using the setting of serious games in
virtual reality can perform the measurement from digital output and hence, achieve the same or better results as
traditional cognitive training, while reducing limitations. The system can record and analyze patient behavior in
detail, allowing for accurate disease assessment and effective rehabilitation interventions without the constant
involvement of medical staff. To improve patient care quality, several qualitative measurement can be evaluated
to understand the progression of Alzheimer's disease with the aid of technology.
37
Parallel Session 3A 1640-1655 Vision Transformers for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Shem Teh (Curtin University, Malaysia) Saaveethya Sivakumar (Curtin University, Malaysia) Foad
Motalebi (Curtin University Malaysia, Malaysia)
Abstract: The paper proposes the potential of Vision Transformer (ViT) that is apparent in the realm of
biomedicine. Since ViT is now popular due to it surpassing conventional methods in image classification such as
conventional convolutional neural networks (CNNs) [1]. Research depicts that ViT has aided in the analysis and
interpretation of medical images and videos, automating processes, and enhancing patient care. COVID-19
detection, segmenting tissues and cells, detecting tumours and anomalies, and 3D reconstruction for surgical
planning are all examples of its successful implementation [2]-[5]. Efficient variations of ViT models have been
proposed for adapting to its limitations. Mobile ViTs are a lightweight and efficient variation of ViTs, have
adaptability and can be integrated with various networks, making them suitable for real-time applications [6].
Mobile ViTs have been applied in autonomous systems for depth estimation, obstacle detection, and navigation,
as well as in text image super-resolution and document scanning [7]-[9].
Parallel Session 3B 1540-1555 Forecasting the Numbers of Pole-Mounted Transformer Failures:

Application of Double Exponential Smoothing
Authors: Nhlanhla Mbuli (University of South Africa, South Africa)
Abstract: In this paper, the author studied the use of double exponential smoothing (DES) method to forecast the
quarterly numbers of pole-mounted transformer failures. To determine the values of smoothing constants, they
formulate a nonlinear mathematical programming (NLP) optimisation problem for this purpose, propose the use
of an exhaustive search algorithm to solve the optimisation problem, and write a Python program to implement
the solution scheme. It is found that the DES delivers a forecast that is by far superior compared to forecasts based
on multiplicative and additive decomposition methods as well as the forecast based on simple exponential
smoothing (SES). The DES forecast fluctuates with observations best, has lowest residuals, and the residuals of DES
are orders of magnitudes smaller than those of the next best forecasting method.
38
Parallel Session 3B 1555-1610 Placement of Frequency Converters as New Power Supply in
Increasing the Reliability of Remote Industrial Power System
Authors: Niko Bernardus Simamora (Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia) Kevin Marojahan Banjar-
Nahor (Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia) Nanang Hariyanto (STEI ITB, Indonesia)
Abstract: Expansion planning is crucial for meeting increased load in remote industrial areas, and this study
explores an alternative approach of utilizing a converter to source power from an external system with different
electrical frequencies. The comprehensive availability model of the converter, including derating, will affect the
evaluation of adding a new power source to the industrial system. This study compares the scenario where only
the existing generator provides power to comprehensively assess the effects of incorporating converters into this
remote electricity system. The paper suggests evaluating reliability through the area index, the load point index
aggregation. Graphs based on the area index show how placing converters enhances reliability in each system
area. Calculations are performed with the help of DIgSILENT and consider the generator reliability and
transmission topology. Adding a converter to the radially connected area will drastically improve reliability. The
addition of a converter will also increase the overall system reliability. Reliability calculation with N-2 contingency
provides clear information on converter placement's impact in each area. The converter addition to the system
also reduced the interruption cost of the test system from 10.9 MUSD/a to 4.66 MUSD/a.
Parallel Session 3B 1610-1625 On-Grid Photovoltaic System Using A Solid-State Transformer
Authors: Hanny H Tumbelaka (Petra Christian University, Indonesia) Handry Khoswanto (Petra Christian
University, Indonesia) Thiang Hwang Liong Hoat (Petra Christian University, Indonesia) Stephanus A Ananda (Petra
Christian University, Indonesia)
Abstract: This paper explains a single-phase on-grid PV system employing a solid-state transformer (SST) which
consists of a DC-AC converter, a high-frequency transformer, a simple rectifier, and a Voltage Source Inverter (VSI).
The DC-AC converter converts the PV panel output voltage to a high-frequency three-level square wave required
by the transformer operation. The pulse width of the square wave determines the PV operating points. The high-
frequency transformer provides voltage level matching and galvanic isolation between the PV panels and the grid.
While a simple rectifier produces a DC bus voltage for the VSI. The VSI has a grid current controller and a DC bus
voltage controller to regulate the electrical power flow of the grid, the load, and the PV panel. Computer
simulation results prove that the PV power can be delivered to the load and the grid through SST, while the grid
current is kept sinusoidal and in phase with the grid voltage.
39
Parallel Session 3B 1625-1640 Application of a Long-Range Energy Alternatives Planning System to
Assess Electricity Supply and Demand in Niger
Authors: Hamza Abarchi Halarou (University Abdou Moumouni of Niamey & WASCAL-Climate Change and Energy,
Niger) Abdou Latif Bonkaney (University Abdou Moumouni of Niamey & Ecole Normale Supérieure, Niger) Daouda
Abdourahimoun (Abdou Moumouni University of Niamey (Niger), Niger) Yacouba Moumouni (Higher Colleges of
Technology, UAE, United Arab Emirates) Saidou Madougou (University Abdou Moumouni & Ecole Normale
Superieure, Niger)
Abstract: This study analyses Niger's current and future electricity supply and demand scenarios by exploring
various resource potentials and their environmental impact. Based on the government of Niger's (GoN) plans, this
study uses LEAP (Long-range Energy Alternatives Planning System) software to assess three policy scenarios,
including 1) Reference (REF), 2) More Renewable Resources (MRR), and 3) More Renewable energy and Natural
gas (MRN) from 2020 (base year) to 2050 (end year). The associated greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (CO2, CH4,
and N2O) are assessed for each power generation scenario based on the IPCC Tier 1 database. The results reveal
that electricity demand is projected to reach 13.2 and 16.6 TWh, respectively, in the REF and the high-demand
scenarios (MRR and MRN). This demand will be met at around 84% in the REF scenario and 87% in both the MRR
and MRN scenarios by 2050. As early as 2050, Nigeria's electricity imports will amount to only 12% of the total.
Also, the CO2, CH4, and N2O emissions will be drastically reduced, respectively, to 43.13%, 51.5%, and 80.7% in
the MRN scenario compared to the REF scenario.
Parallel Session 3B 1640-1655 Implementation of Cloth Estimation in 2D-3D Human Body

Regression Model
Authors: Yi Wei Fung (Curtin University Malaysia, Malaysia) King Hann Lim (Curtin University Malaysia, Malaysia)
Jonathan Then Sien Phang (Curtin University, Malaysia) Po Ken Pang (Curtin University Malaysia, Malaysia)
Abstract: Human body reconstruction is required to perform virtual try-on in cloth estimation. The reconstruction
of 3D human body can provide the body shape and poses of the user. A fully expressive 3D human body regression
model (ExPose) is used to reconstruct 3D human bodies from 2D images for the point-based modeling of the
human clothing model. Subsequently, this model parameters is converted into SMPL-X and SMPL parameters from
the given RGB image and inputs to the point-based modeling model along with the corresponding RGB image and
clothing segmentation mask. A set of testing models in various poses is collected to evaluate the performance of
point-based clothing estimation. A fitness measure is proposed to determine the fitness of the 3D body and outfit
generated using SMPL-X and SMPL parameters. Intersection over Union and overlap percentage are also used to
determine the set of parameter representing a 3D body in the point-based modeling model. This paper
demonstrates that SMPL has better appearance retargeting performance and garment alignment capabilities for
the point-based modeling model.
40
Parallel Session 3C 1540-1555 Variant Frequency Response of V-Shape Cantilever Beam Design for
Low Power Energy Harvester Device
Authors: Joy Dewanjee (Faculty of Engineering, Multimedia University, Cyberjaya, Malaysia) Shabiul Islam (Faculty
of Engineering, Multimedia University, Cyberjaya, Malaysia) Hin Yong Wong (Faculty of Engineering, Multimedia
University, Cyberjaya, Malaysia) Mohammad Tariqul Islam (Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems
Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia)
Abstract: This paper describes the variant frequency response of V-shape cantilever design for Energy Harvester
(EH) devices. Various sources such as solar, thermal, wind, RF and vibration are the ambient energy that can be
used to produce electrical energy. Most of the low-power devices are operated on batteries. Due to battery
disposal, it will create toxic bio-hazard in the environment. To overcome this issue, a V-shape cantilever beam
design for low power EH devices is proposed. To perform this research work, the V-shape cantilever beam at
different parameters of the lengths, widths & thicknesses has been simulated using COMSOL Multiphysics
Software to achieve the optimum Resonance Frequency (RF) of 155.98 Hz. Considering the RF of 155.98 Hz, a
Piezoelectric (PZT) material is tied with the designed V-shape cantilever beam together to generate millivolts (mV)
into electrical energy from Vibration energy. Currently, the low voltage of the mV generation is being processed
to be found at the PZT output terminal. An Ultra Low Power (ULP) EH circuit will be designed in LTSPICE using the
obtained input of mV to get the expected and enhanced output microwatts (10 µW) for low power EH devices.
Parallel Session 3C 1555-1610 Evaluating NoC and WiNoC Architectures for Multicore Architecture
Performance
Authors: Asrani Lit (Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS), Malaysia)
Abstract: To mitigate potential scalability challenges in future manycore architectures' on-chip communication
systems, the wireless Network-on-Chip (WiNoC) design concept has arisen as a compelling choice. It offers a viable
approach to address these issues effectively. This paper delves into an extensive analysis of the performance
evaluation concerning Network-on-Chip (NoC) and Wireless Network-on-Chip (WiNoC) configurations within the
framework of a 64-core multicore system. The study encompasses a thorough evaluation across four synthetic
traffic profiles, namely random, shuffle, butterfly, and transpose traffic distributions, offering a comprehensive
understanding of their impact on system performance. This evaluation involved a thorough analysis of data
transmission latency, the efficiency of network data throughput, and the amount of energy consumed. In order to
substantiate our conclusions, we conducted simulations encompassing the 64-core mesh-based NoC and WiNoC
architectures. These simulations were executed utilizing the Noxim simulator, a well-recognized tool acclaimed
for its capacity to provide cycle-accurate simulations. Analyzing the simulation outcomes, it becomes evident that
the 64-core WiNoC architecture performs better in terms of network performance. This is evident from its ability
to handle heavier workloads and achieve lower delays in all traffic situations, when compared to the 64-core NoC
architecture.
41
Parallel Session 3C 1610-1625 Identification of Downy Mildew and Leaf Miner Diseases in Hybrid
Cucumber
Authors: Supreetha S (UVCE, India) Manjula S h (University Visvesvaraya College of Engineering, India)
Abstract: Agriculture plays a crucial role worldwide. For those with little experience in agriculture, an automated
system that can recognize diseases in plants from visual indications would be quite helpful. In countries like India,
where the economy heavily relies on agriculture, plant diseases significantly impact the quality and quantity of
agricultural products. To ensure global food security and maximize profits for stakeholders, accurate detection
and classification of plant diseases are of utmost importance. Previous research has shown that the rising
incidence of plant leaf diseases accounts for about 42% of losses in agricultural productivity. Several approaches
have been made possible in this area with the introduction of deep learning-based image classification. However,
the practicality of implementing these solutions on low-end devices necessitates the development of fast, precise,
and computationally efficient systems. To address this, our work proposes a lightweight transfer learning-based
approach for detection of two diseases namely Downy Mildew and Leafy Miner in plant leaves of Hybrid
Cucumber. This approach incorporates an effective preprocessing method that enhances leaf images resulting in
improved classification performance. Our proposed system employs a combined model comprising a pretrained
MobileNetV2 architecture and a classifier network to extract features and make accurate predictions.
Parallel Session 3C 1625-1640 Resilience of Federated Learning Against False Data Injection Attacks
in Energy Forecasting
Authors: Attia Shabbir (GIKI, Pakistan) Habib Ullah Manzoor (University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (Great
Britain)) Ridha Alaa Ahmed Hablulmateen (University of Kufa, Iraq) Zahid Halim (Giki, Pakistan)
Abstract: Federated learning (FL) has established itself as a communication-efficient, privacy-aware, and cost-
effective technique for training machine learning models in energy forecasting. This approach enables
simultaneous model training across multiple smart grids while keeping data decentralized at edge nodes.
However, FL is not immune to backdoor adversarial attacks, such as data and model poisoning. In this paper, we
scrutinize the impact of two data poisoning techniques: scaling and random noise effects. The attack was initiated
on one client among ten clients. As the attack percentage increases, the Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE)
of the local model also rises. Our simulation results reveal that the scaling effect elevated MAPE from 0.193\% to
32.72\%, while random noise increased MAPE from 0.183\% to 129.75\% as the attacked percentage rose from
10\% to 100\%. It is concluded that data poisoning solely affects the local model and does not significantly impact
the global model; hence, it can provide more resilience than centralized machine learning models.
42
Parallel Session 3C 1640-1655 Deep Learning Approach for Seagrass Species Classification
Authors: Mark Anthony A Ozaeta (Technological Institute of the Philippines - Manila, Philippines) Arnel C.
Fajardo (Isabela State University, Philippines) Felimon Jr P Brazas (De La Salle University - Dasmariñas,
Philippines) Jed Allan M Cantal (Technological Institute of the Philippines - Manila, Philippines)
Abstract: Integrating deep learning algorithms with image-based data presents considerable potential for
improving classification tasks, specifically in the context of seagrass monitoring and conservation initiatives. As
exceptionally productive ecosystems, seagrasses encounter significant risks from climatic fluctuations and human
activities. Furthermore, careful monitoring and conservation approaches are imperative. However, the intricate
characteristics of seagrass species present obstacles to developing robust classification models. This research
presents a novel methodology for enhancing the identification of seagrass species by curating an extensive image
dataset that includes temporal variations, a wide range of geographic locations, water depths, and turbidity levels.
A deep learning approach based on differentiable architecture search with early stopping was used to train a
neural network. The results showed an impressive 93.72% in classifying five seagrass species sampled in Calatagan,
Batangas and Puerto Galera, Oriental Mindoro, Philippines namely, Cymodocea rotundata, Enhalus acoroides,
Halophila ovalis, Syringodium isoetifolium, and Thalassia hemprichii.
Parallel Session 3D 1540-1555 Integrating 2D and 3D Human Pose Estimation Using Depth Sensing
Camera
Authors: Alan Ka Wei Tiong (Curtin University Malaysia, Malaysia) King Hann Lim (Curtin University Malaysia,
Malaysia) Po Ken Pang (Curtin University Malaysia, Malaysia) Jonathan Then Sien Phang (Curtin University,
Malaysia)
Abstract: Estimating the human keypoints, i.e. wrist, elbow, shoulder in a precise manner is crucial when
performing biomechanical analysis. The common method used in estimating the keypoints is 2D human pose
estimation (HPE). The use of HPE can estimate the human keypoints from an image or videos. However, there are
some challenges using 2D HPE approach. The challenges can lead to inaccurate estimating of human keypoints.
The combination of 2D and 3D HPE can effectively solve the issues from 2D HPE. The use of human detection
model and human pose estimation model are performed to detect keyjoints using deep learning approach. The
detected keyjoints can subsequently be processed to study human biomechanical motion and analysis.
43
Parallel Session 3D 1555-1610 Development of POF-Based Insole for Plantar Pressure and Ground
Reaction Forces Monitoring
Authors: Latifah Sarah Supian (Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Malaysia)
Abstract: Fiber optic has become widely uses in industry. The development of the sensor technology using fiber
optic has been one of main technology related with the optoelectronic and fiber optic communication industry.
Many clinical technologies has been using the fiber optic such as dentistry and surgery. Being llightweight and able
to multiplex are one of the fiber optics advantages that many industries use it. This study focuses on using polymer
optical fiber (POF) to obtain data by using multiplexing technique where lateral section of the fiber optic will be
used as sensor in the same fiber with two photodetectors for signal acquisition. Each sensor will be characterized
with varied applied forces and pressures that resulted in different curvature radius for each sensor. Static and
dynamic test were used as evaluation for the sensor performance. Different lengths and depths result in different
variant and coefficient of each sensor. This smart insole can also be used in clinical evaluation as it can detect
subject with flat foot.
Parallel Session 3D 1610-1625 Multi-Label Joint Cross-Domain Person Re-Identification by

Combining Post-Feature Extraction with Deep Mutual Learning Network
Authors: Xiao Ma (Macao Polytechnic University, China) Hong Shen (Central Queensland University, China) Wenqi
Lyu (Macao Polytechnic University, China)
Abstract: In recent years, deep learning-based person re-identification methods have achieved significant
performance improvements. However, environmental variations can lead to a substantial decrease in recognition
accuracy, making unsupervised person re-identification necessary to address these challenges. Nonetheless,
conventional person re-identification models fall short in realistic surveillance scenarios due to issues like
occlusions in pedestrian images acquired by monitoring devices. To tackle the problem of pedestrian occlusion in
unsupervised person re-identification, this paper proposes a pose-guided unsupervised domain-adaptive
recognition method. This approach effectively addresses the occlusion issues in person re-identification across
different environmental conditions. Specifically, it utilizes a multi-label mutual learning cross-domain person re-
identification, combining a pose feature guidance module with deep mutual learning network. Furthermore, it
introduces a high-response region keypoint filtering algorithm to eliminate noisy keypoints and guide the model
towards improved feature representations. In terms of recognition accuracy measured by loss functions, it
employs a multi-label training method to effectively enhance the model's results in each iteration and clustering
process. In the experimental phase, the proposed model is compared with other state-of-the-art cross-domain
person re-identification methods. Our model demonstrates improvements across various cross-domain tasks. The
effectiveness of its component modules is validated through ablation experiments.
44
Parallel Session 3D 1625-1640 Study of Short-Term Load Forecasting Techniques
Authors: Myjessie Songkin (Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia) Farrah Wong (Universiti Malaysia Sabah,
Malaysia) Mazlina Mamat (Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia) Hoe Tung Yew (Universiti Malaysia Sabah,
Malaysia) Sariah Abang (Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Malaysia) Aroland Kiring (Universiti Malaysia Sabah,
Malaysia)
Abstract: Electric demand forecasting has been found to be more challenging, especially in this modern grid
system where emerging technologies such as rooftop solar photovoltaics and electrification of vehicles become
evident. Nowadays, multiple areas within the utilities industry independently generate load forecasting, leading
to suboptimal resource allocation and inefficiency. Despite the extensive development, study, and application of
numerous methodologies for electric demand forecasting, it still faces several complex problems. One of the issues
is the inability to effectively capture the non-linear power system characteristics associated with the advancement
of emerging technologies. This study has investigated several load forecasting techniques for short-term
forecasting in the context of dynamic conditions and consolidates the essential components to propose a
framework for analyzing forecasting problems and devising alternative solutions. This thesis presents a novel
approach that utilizes an ensemble model as an alternative technique for short-term demand forecasting, which
offers the advantage of seamless integration with long-term demand forecasting using the least complicated and
best-performing forecasting models. The data from the Sabah state power utility company and the Red Eléctrica
de España are used as case studies to analyze the effectiveness of these techniques. The accuracy of univariate
and multivariate methods is evaluated in terms of their ability to accurately forecast recent patterns of demand.
The weighted ensemble model uses Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), Decision Tree Regression and Gradient Boosting
has produced an average mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) performance of 0.83% for the Sabah Grid
dataset and 4.47% for the Spanish dataset. The proposed approach shows superior performance compared to the
ensemble model that utilized MLP and Multiple Linear Regression (MLR).
Parallel Session 3D 1640-1655 Wi-Fi HaLow: Literature Review About Potential Use of Technology in
Agriculture and Smart Cities in Indonesia
Authors: I Ketut Agung Enriko (Institut Teknologi Telkom Purwokerto & PT Telkom Indonesia, Indonesia) Fikri
Nizar Gustiyana (Telkom University, Indonesia)
Abstract: The development of communication technology has played an integral role in the transformation of
various sectors of life, including agriculture and smart cities. One of the latest breakthroughs in wireless
networking is WiFi HaLow, a WiFi standard with low speed and efficient power consumption. With wider coverage
and high resistance to interference, WiFi HaLow can support the implementation of smart agricultural sensors and
IoT (Internet of Things) devices on agricultural land. This can improve crop monitoring, optimize irrigation, and
reduce overall resource use. The implementation of WiFi HaLow can also change the face of cities in Indonesia
towards smart cities. With its ability to handle large data traffic and stable connections, WiFi HaLow can support
smart infrastructure such as smart street lights, waste management and efficient traffic management. In this way,
cities can become more efficient, sustainable and environmentally friendly. However, implementing WiFi HaLow
in Indonesia also challenges several obstacles, including regulations, data security and infrastructure investment.
Therefore, government, industry and other stakeholders need to work together to create an environment that
supports the development of this technology.
45
Parallel Session 4A 0900-0915 Enhancing Sports Analytics Through Web-Based Application: A
Workflow Perspective
Authors: Basil Andy Lease (Curtin University Malaysia, Malaysia) King Hann Lim (Curtin University Malaysia,
Malaysia) Jonathan Then Sien Phang (Curtin University, Malaysia) Dar Hung Chiam (Curtin
University Malaysia, Malaysia)
Abstract: The rapid advancement of the integration between sport science and computer technology has given
rise to a new web-based application with focus on sports analysis. The design and development process of this
web application is presented in this paper, focusing on the workflow and processes involved using Python Flask
framework, video processing, video manifest structure, database structure with MongoDB, machine learning back-
end with Keypoint RCNN, and the front-end intuitive data visualisation interface. Insights of athletes performance
are gained through the integration of frame accurate video playback, human pose estimation, concise
biomechanical reporting, and consistency measurements. Despite its primary emphasis on archery, the
fundamental workings can be applied to a broader sporting implementations. Preliminary field tests with a sports
centre indicate a positive reception from users, noting its efficiency and depth of analysis. This paper highlights
the capacity of integrating computational tools with sport science to provide objective insights to optimise training
and performance evaluation.
Parallel Session 4A 0915-0930 Enigma on the Board: Chess-Based Steganography for Secure
Communication
Authors: I Kadek Agus Ariesta Putra (Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Indonesia) Tohari Ahmad (Institut
Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS), Indonesia)
Abstract: Steganography is a technique used to hide messages or information within unsuspecting media,
providing a means of secure communication. Unlike traditional data-hiding methods that rely on a carrier or cover
media, game-based steganography utilizes the game framework to embed secret messages or data without the
need for an explicit cover. Game-based steganography has been extensively researched, with different approaches
being explored. In this paper, we explore the use of a chessboard game as a medium for information hiding. By
combining the positions of chess pieces and certain rules, we conceal secret information within the chessboard
image. We evaluate the effectiveness of our method by calculating the probability of generating different stego
images from the same message.
46
Parallel Session 4A 0930-0945 Detection of Spaghetti and Stringing Failure in 3D Printing
Authors: Fook Pei Yean (Taylor’s University, Malaysia) Wei Jen Chew (Taylor University, Malaysia)
Abstract: Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology is getting more accessible today and many products can be
self-printed using this method. However, the occurrence of printing errors or defects like spaghetti and stringing
remains a significant challenge within the 3D printing industry. This leads to waste in time, materials, and costs.
The printing error usually occurs during the printing process. Spaghetti defects cause incomplete prints, while
stringing introduces surface imperfections to the printed object. Therefore, a failure detection system specifically
tailored for Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) 3D printing is proposed, incorporating computer vision techniques
and machine learning models. The AlexNet-SVM (Support Vector Machine) model is employed for spaghetti and
stringing defects classification. By training the AlexNet-SVM model with a total of 1058 images, 86% accuracy was
achieved by the AlexNet-SVM model to classify spaghetti defect class, stringing defect class and no defect class.
The accuracies proved the efficiency of the proposed detection system which will help to reduce wastage in the
3D printing industry.
Parallel Session 4A 0945-1000 Comparative Analysis of Machine Learning Classifiers for Fileless
Malware Detection
Authors: Sarhan M. Musa (Prairie View A&M University, USA) Ifunanya Ezeonwu (Prairie View AM University,
USA)
Abstract: The ever-expanding sophistication of cyberthreats has led to the development of fileless malware, a
form of stealthy and elusive malicious software that operates solely within the memory of a computer rendering
the conventional methods of detection ineffective. This research studies the application of machine learning
algorithms for the proactive identification of fileless malware. This study conducts a comprehensive evaluation of
various classifiers, including Random Forest, Support Vector Classifier (SVC), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Logistic
Regression, Naive Bayes Classifier (NB), Gradient Boosting Classifier (GB), and Decision Trees. These classifiers are
applied to analyze fileless malware and non-malware samples, with a focus on assessing their performance. In
addition to that, this research investigates how well machine learning models can adapt to new fileless malware
strategies when applied to real-world circumstances. These findings shed light on how effective machine learning
models are in dynamically shifting threat scenarios. This research also analyzes the seamless integration of AI-
driven solutions into existing security frameworks. As a result, this experimental work delivers valuable insights
that can be utilized to better cybersecurity tactics in the face of a threat that is always evolving in the internet
world.
47
Parallel Session 4B 0900-0915 Study of Shared Energy Storage Considering Battery Degradation on
Remote Island
Authors: Rishal Asri (Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Indonesia) Hirohisa Aki (University of Tsukuba, Japan) Daisuke
Kodaira (University of Tsukuba, Japan)
Abstract: Solar photovoltaic generation and energy storage are being used to power rural places. However, remote
users are burdened by private energy storage devices. Remoteness limits the economic viability of cooperative
energy storage. Our work proposes a shared energy storage model considering battery degradation. To test the
model, we compared Individual, Neighbor, and Communal scenarios. The system was built as a mixed integer
linear programming model to investigate optimal operating methods. Compared to the other situations, the
Neighbor scenario saves operational expenses by 4.97%. Finally, the self-consumption rate shows optimal
penetration of renewable energy parameters.
Parallel Session 4B 0915-0930 Voltage Balancing Control for Single-Phase 5-Level Cascaded H-Bridge
Inverter in Performing Harmonic Mitigation
Authors: Hafisoh Ahmad (Taylor’s University, Malaysia) Yap Hoon (Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia)
Abstract: The increasing usage of technological products that have non-linear loads has caused serious issues like
overheating, power failure etc. Hence, a multilevel inverter-based Shunt Active Power Filter (SAPF) which is
Cascaded H-bridge (CHB) inverter is utilised to mitigate harmonics due to its superior performance. However, the
DC-link capacitors in the CHB multilevel inverter introduce the DC-link voltage unbalance issue due to different
charging and discharging rates which will deteriorate the quality of the output voltage and lead to power failure.
A new voltage balancing algorithm is proposed and integrated with the existing algorithms to balance the
individual DC-link voltage. The proposed method contains two structure controls to achieve greater voltage
balancing control which are equal distribution switching control and feedback loop control. The MATLAB Simulink
software is used to build and perform simulations. There are four test conditions performed in this simulation;
using resistor-inductor (RL) load and resistor-capacitor (RC) load operated under ideal and distorted supply. The
THD (%) is reduced between 1.97% - 3.04% in different conditions which satisfies the IEEE 519-2014 standard. The
algorithm has minimized the DC-link voltage deviations among the voltage output from both the H-Bridge thus
producing a stabilised DC-link voltage.
48
Parallel Session 4B 0930-0945 An Effective DC-DC Charging System Using Voltage Doubler Based
Resonant LCC and LLC Converters
Authors: Md. Habib A Hasan (American International University-Bangladesh, Bangladesh) Saif Ahmed
Siddique (American International University-Bangladesh, Bangladesh) Murshida Rahman (American
International University-Bangladesh, Bangladesh) Bonany Saha (American International University-Bangladesh,
Bangladesh) Jalal Ahammad (American International University-Bangladesh, Bangladesh) Rinku Basak (American
International University-Bangladesh (AIUB), Bangladesh)
Abstract: LCC (Inductor-Capacitor-Capacitor) and LLC (Inductor-Inductor-Capacitor) resonant converters are the
two most promising resonant converter topologies. Because of their smaller size and reduced power losses,
resonant converters are preferred for power conversion. This paper proposes an efficient DC-DC charging system
that makes use of an overview of the functioning and design principles of full-bridge LCC and LLC resonant
converters. The system produces a steady 48 V output voltage at 200 W of power and can operate within an input
voltage range of 25 to 40 V. Though the design of a resonant converter is a complex process, the purpose of this
paper is to streamline, schematic, and facilitate the appropriate design of the resonant tank in an effective way.
The simulation results show the proposed DC-DC charging system using the resonant converters performs
efficiently. Numerous benefits, such as a broad input voltage range, steady output voltage, and reliable operation,
make the suggested system appropriate for a variety of electrical and electronic uses.
Parallel Session 4B 0945-1000 An Adaptive Local Measurement-Based Fault Detection Method

Proposed for Offgrid Small-Scaled Low-Voltage DC Microgrids
Authors: Duong Minh Bui (Vietnamese-German University, Vietnam) Hieu Minh Nguyen (Vietnamese-German
University, Vietnam) Phúc Duy Lê (Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology & Ho Chi Minh Power Corroperation,
Vietnam) Duy Anh Thuc Ngo (Ho Chi Minh City University of Industry and Trade, Vietnam)
Abstract: A DC microgrid (MG) has been proven to be a suitable and flexible platform to include DC-power-
generating renewable energy resources such as photovoltaic (PV) systems, energy storage devices such as
batteries, and loads in such a way that the microgrid can be properly operated at the islanded mode. To achieve
smooth operation and control, the protection system development is one major concern of DC microgrids. This
paper presents an adaptive local measurement-based fault detection method proposed for off-grid low-voltage
DC (LV) microgrids. This proposed method protects source and load branches in the standalone DC microgrid by
using local measurements of current and voltage to detect and clear DC faults. This scheme is developed to detect
pole-to-pole faults by calculating the first- and second-order derivatives of the current under fault transients and
to identify the pole-to-ground faults based on over-voltage characteristics at the positive or negative line of the
DC MG. The proposed fault detection scheme is validated on an off-grid PV-battery-contained MG testbed under
differently staged fault tests. Experiment-based results show that the selected protection system can detect P2P
and P2G faults within a few microseconds of its inception and be adaptable to ungrounded or high-impedance-
grounded and small-sized LVDC MGs.
49
Parallel Session 4C 0900-0915 Two-Phase Switching Optimization for Generative Adversarial
Network in Pose Transfer
Authors: Zong Qi Ooi (Curtin University Malaysia & Curtin University, Malaysia) King Hann Lim (Curtin University
Malaysia, Malaysia) Choo Wee Raymond Chiong (Curtin University, Malaysia)
Abstract: Optimizer is crucial for training Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) to generate images with
enhanced image quality and achieve better evaluation metrics. The most widely used optimizers in GAN are the
first-order derivative optimization methods due to their simplicity and efficient computation. However, these
methods contain flaws such as fixed learning rate, slow convergence speed, and sensitivity to hyperparameter
selection. In this paper, a two-phase switching optimization strategy known as Stochastic Diagonal Approximate
Greatest Descent (SDAGD) is proposed in optimizing a pose transfer network named as XingGAN. To evaluate the
optimization performance of SDAGD, the quantitative and qualitative results are compared with Adam. In terms
of quantitative results, the XingGAN with SDAGD applied to the appearance-guided discriminator achieved 4.583%
and 3.733% better PCKh and FID than Adam for 20% of the training dataset while 18.039% and 18.111% better
PCKh and FID than Adam for 10% of the training dataset. Additionally, the qualitative results for XingGAN with
SDAGD applied to the appearance-guided discriminator also achieved the best appearance and shape consistency.
Parallel Session 4C 0915-0930 Diabetes Detection Using Gait Acceleration
Authors: Lit Zhi Chee (Curtin University Malaysia, Malaysia) Saaveethya Sivakumar (Curtin University Malaysia,
Malaysia)
Abstract: Diabetes is a disease affecting various organs and systems as a result of increased blood sugar levels
which can cause diabetic neuropathy and diabetic foot ulcer. Traditionally, invasive methods such as pricking the
finger and measuring blood glucose are used to detect diabetes. However, invasive methods are inconvenient and
can cause discomfort to patients. A different approach for identifying diabetes is through gait analysis where
abnormalities in walking patterns can be analysed for diabetes early detection. Therefore, this paper investigates
diabetes detection with the acceleration of the hip, knees and ankles collected from wearable sensors using
machine learning models. To our knowledge, recent literature on diabetes detection using machine learning and
gait data showed questionable results in terms of accuracy and dataset. The model accuracy was not documented
properly and non-gait-related data was used. This paper proposes a method using a machine learning model MLP
and lower limb acceleration data. The proposed MLP model achieved an accuracy of 85.84%.
50
Parallel Session 4C 0930-0945 Review of Three Dimensional Human Action Recognition
Authors: Andy Zhi Sheng Yii (Curtin University Malaysia, Malaysia) King Hann Lim (Curtin University Malaysia,
Malaysia) Choo Wee Raymond Chiong (Curtin University, Malaysia)
Abstract: Three Dimensional Human Action Recognition (HAR) is crucial in many research domain, including,
robotics, sports analysis, surveillance, and virtual reality. However, to design and development of a HAR model for
high accuracy and efficiency is a challenging task due to the variety of human pose, appearance and view of the
subject. HAR can be represented using various data modality and deep learning method. Three data modality for
3D capturing is highlighted in this paper, i.e. Depth, Infrared and Point Cloud. These data is subsequently processed
using three generic deep learning neural network architecture, i.e. Recurrent Neural Network, Convolutional
Neural Network, and Transformer Neural Network. The review paper presents a comparative result on three
benchmark of dataset for HAR, i.e. MSR-Action3D, NTU RGB+D 60 and NTU RGB+D 120 dataset.
Parallel Session 4C 0945-1000 Advancements for Improved Plant Disease and Pest Identification: A
Survey
Authors: Tang Feilong (UMS, Malaysia) Hoe Tung Yew (Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia) Farrah
Wong (Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia) Rosalyn R Porle (Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia)
Abstract: Computer vision technologies are widely applied to image recognition and classification tasks,
demonstrating tremendous potential in the identification of plant pests and diseases. Despite recent innovative
efforts in plant pest and disease identification, the vast diversity of plant pest and disease types and long-tail
distribution of data continue to pose serious challenges. Against this backdrop, we have thoroughly reviewed
numerous papers published over the past three years regarding plant pest and disease identification and
classification tasks. Our aim is to provide a timely yet not exhaustive overview of the latest advancements in these
tasks, and fairly compare the strengths and weaknesses of existing work. To enrich this survey, we provide in-
depth analysis and thoughtful discussion on these topics in each subsection, in the hope of providing guidance for
subsequent research.
51
Parallel Session 4C 1000-1015 Exploration of Terrace or Linked Houses Detection from Satellite
Images Using Deep Learning
Authors: Qi Xuan Almira Wong (Sunway University, Malaysia) Wai Chong Chia (Sunway University, Malaysia)
Abstract: This paper presented a study about Malaysian terrace of linked houses detection from satellite images
using the YOLOv8 segmentation model. The study covers various crucial aspects including dataset preparation,
annotation, data augmentation, data partitioning, network architecture selection, training, and performance
metrics. The dataset was first built by collecting 100 satellite images from Google Earth, focusing on Malaysian
terrace or linked houses. Then, annotation was performed using polygons to provide accurate ground truth data
for training. Different data augmentation techniques were explored and applied to increase the diversity and
robustness of the training data. The dataset was then divided into training, validation, and testing sets for unbiased
evaluation. The YOLOv8 model was selected for this study due to its simplicity, efficiency, and consistent object
localization capabilities. The performance of the trained model was evaluated using metrics such as Intersection
over Union (IoU), confusion matrix, and Mean Average Precision (mAP). The results showed that increasing the
dataset size and epochs improved the mAP values. This paper also discussed the limitations and potential future
research directions in this field. Overall, the trained model contributes to the accurate detection of buildings from
satellite images with highest mAP values of 0.62.
Parallel Session 4D 0900-0915 Impact of the Rotor on FRA Signatures and Its Implications for Motor
Health Assessment
Authors: Rizwanullah Khan (Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Malaysia) Mohd Fairouz Mohd
Yousof (Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Malaysia) Rahisham Abd. Rahman (Universiti Tun Hussein Onn,
Malaysia) Salem Mgammal Al-Ameri (Curtin University Malaysia, Malaysia & Curtin, Malaysia) Norhafiz
Azis (Universiti Putra Malaysia & Centre for Electromagnetic and Lightning Protection Research, UPM, Malaysia)
Abstract: Electrical machine condition monitoring is essential in industrial processes for increasing workplace
security, ensuring reliability, and cost-effective machine operation. The frequency response analysis (FRA)
monitoring technique is gaining heightened popularity due to its reliability. The main purpose of this paper is to
investigate the influence of the rotor on motor FRA signature. The frequency response is a highly sensitive
technique. Therefore, any small defect in the motor condition will produce a unique frequency response which
then can be analyzed and detected early. In this study, two motors are selected, and the corresponding frequency
response is measured. To understand the impact of the rotor on the FRA signature two measurements are
considered. FRA signature with and without rotor. The results obtained from both measurements are compared
and analyzed. For a better understanding of the results, statistical indicators are used. The practical results are
based on the measurements taken from the experimental setup.
52
Parallel Session 4D 0915-0930 Floating Solar PV Study on the Effect of Water Velocity and
Temperature
Authors: Ramanan Chidambaram Jayaraj (Curtin University, Malaysia) King Hann Lim (Curtin University Malaysia,
Malaysia) Jundika Candra Kurnia (Curtin University Malaysia, Malaysia) Sukanta Roy (National Institute
of Technology Mizoram, India) Bhaskor Jyoti Bora (Energy Institute Bengaluru - RGIPT, India) Bhaskar Jyoti
Medhi (Assam Energy Institute - RGIPT, India)
Abstract: Advancements in solar PV technology has led to the invention of floating solar PV (FPV) that has
improved performance. Installation of solar panel in the water body in FPV provides passive water cooling which
elevates thermal loss. Water in a water body tends to be in motion and the impact of this dynamic nature of water
on the heat transfer of FPV has not been explored. In this regard, this article aims at investigating the effect of the
water movement over the heat transfer enhancement of FPV. Computational fluid dynamic analysis with finite
volume approach was performed to conduct the analysis. The velocity and the direction of water was varied with
constant wind speed and flow direction. Result indicate that at 1 m/s wind velocity, a co-current flow of water
with velocity of 1.1 m/s seems to be nominal for a temperature drop of 0.68◦C. Further, the counter flow of water
decrease the performance of FPV by increase the temperature compared to stagnant water.
Parallel Session 4D 0930-0945 Metamodels for the Performance of a 1-kWp Grid-Tied Residential
Mono-Si Solar PV System with Net-Metering in Metro Manila, Philippines
Authors: Elvin D Dulce (University of the Philippines Diliman, Philippines)
Abstract: This study aims to create metamodels for the annual energy production of a 1-kWp grid-tied mono-Si
residential solar PV system with net-metering and the annual net energy sourced from the grid in terms of the
plane tilt, azimuth angle, and thermal loss factor. The metamodels were created from the simulation results in
PVsyst 7.2 based on a Latin hypercube space-filling design generated in JMP Pro 12. The metamodels can be used
to determine the setup that would maximize the annual energy production of the solar PV system and minimize
the net energy from the grid so that the household can save on the electricity bill.
53
Parallel Session 4D 0945-1000 Modifying Quasi Z-Source Network for an Innovative Extendable
Switched-Capacitor Boost Multilevel Inverter Topology
Authors: Kah Haw Law (Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Brunei Darussalam) Yew Wei Sia (Curtin University Malaysia,
Malaysia) King Hann Lim (Curtin University Malaysia, Malaysia) Sim Sy Yi (University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia,
Malaysia) Kenneth S. K. Yeo (Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Brunei Darussalam)
Abstract: The emergence of Hybrid Multilevel Inverters (HMLIs) represents a significant advancement in
addressing the limitations of traditional multilevel inverter (MLI) topologies. In recent years, various concepts and
topologies have been proposed to enhance HMLIs, with a primary focus on generating a greater number of AC
voltage levels while minimizing component count and utilizing isolated DC sources. Traditionally, these HMLI
topologies required two-stage configurations involving DC-to-DC converters, leading to increased costs and
complexity. This paper highlights the transition to single-stage DC-AC inverters, which offers substantial benefits,
including high boost gain, superior conversion efficiency, and a reduced reliance on passive components.
Furthermore, the paper introduces a groundbreaking solution - a 57-level switched-capacitor boost multilevel
inverter (SCBMLI), derived from the quasi z-source inverter (qZSI). The proposed SCBMLI offers a multitude of
advantages, including the generation of high voltage levels, balancing the voltage of capacitor in the circuit without
the need for any control system, and achieving low Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) in high voltage applications.
Parallel Session 5A 1400-1415 Advancing Sustainable IoT Appliance Load Monitoring Through Edge-
Enabled Federated Transfer Learning
Authors: Yuvaraj Natarajan (KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology, India) Gitanjali Wadhwa (Technische
Universität Dresden, India) Sri Preethaa K R (KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology, India) Karthic
Sundaram (KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology, India) Rama Abirami K (Curtin University, Malaysia)
Abstract: Non-intrusive Appliance Load Monitoring (NALM) is essential for efficient electricity consumption
tracking in households, promoting eco-friendly practices, and cost reduction. Privacy concerns in real-world NALM
implementations can be addressed using federated learning. However, challenges persist, such as limited training
data, edge model customization, and resource constraints. We introduce a practical federated learning framework
for NALM, leveraging cloud-based model compression, collaborative data collection, and personalized edge and
multi-task learning models through unsupervised transfer learning. Our advanced load monitoring model offers
precise energy disaggregation through real-world experimentation, making it a leading solution for non-intrusive
appliance load monitoring on edge devices. It maintains excellent learning performance and user privacy. Future
research should aim to enhance federated learning efficiency and tackle remaining challenges in practical NALM
implementations.
54
Parallel Session 5A 1415-1430 Analysis of Large Capacity Reversible Data Hiding for ECG Using PEE
and Regression
Authors: Pramudya Tiandana Wisnu Gautama (Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Indonesia) Tohari
Ahmad (Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS), Indonesia)
Abstract: Data security in the field of medical data has raised concerns, particularly when it comes to vital
information, such as electrocardiogram (ECG) data. ECG data can provide insights into cardiovascular-related
diseases, making it essential to implement special schemes, especially during transmission. In this paper, we
propose the use of Prediction Error Expansion (PEE) with looping to enhance the capacity for secret data storage,
achieving a capacity of up to 0.99 bits per sample for ECG data hiding. This method also maintains reversibility by
generating the original ECG signal during the extraction process. To expedite the prediction process, regression
algorithms are tested to obtain predictions that closely approximate the original values while ensuring faster
computations. Evaluation is carried out by computing the Percentage Residual Difference (PRD), Normalized Cross-
Correlation (NCC), and Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR). The experimental results show that SVR excels in maintaining
signal fidelity but is significantly slower compared to other models. At the same time, ElasticNet and LASSO are 20
times faster but come at the cost of a slightly more pronounced signal discrepancy.
Parallel Session 5A 1430-1445 Analysis of Anomaly with Machine Learning Based Model for
Detecting HTTP DDoS Attack
Authors: Rida Adila (Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Indonesia) Adetiya Bagus Nusantara (Institut Teknologi
Sepuluh Nopember, Indonesia) Muhammad Aidiel Rachman Putra (Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember,
Indonesia) Tohari Ahmad (Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS), Indonesia)
Abstract: At present, almost every device is connected to the internet for communication. The Internet offers
various helpful services like news portals, video streaming, social media, e-commerce, and more. Thus, service
providers must prioritize ensuring the availability of the services. One of the threats that service providers face is
distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks. DDoS attacks happen when someone sends lots of requests to a
website's server, making it unusable for others who need to use it. Attackers can launch DDoS attacks using many
protocols, one of which is Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP). Thus, detecting anomalies in HTTP is a vital part of
cybersecurity, which involves identifying anomalous patterns that do not conform to expected behavior,
potentially indicative of a variety of attacks. Machine learning techniques are increasingly used in this field due to
their ability to learn and adapt to new patterns. This research represents the performance analysis of several
machine learning techniques, such as Logistic Regression, k-Nearest Neighbors, Decision Tree, Naïve Bayes, and
Random Forest. The experimental result shows the highest accuracy was obtained using the Random Forest
algorithm with an accuracy value of 99.998% on a dataset that had been oversampled and feature selection
applied.
55
Parallel Session 5A 1445-1500 A Survey to Lightweight Cryptography World
Authors: Yuan Ju Teoh (Curtin University Malaysia) Sivaraman Eswaran (Curtin University Malaysia)
Abstract: Lightweight cryptography is introduced by researchers to be implemented in resource-constrained

devices that has minimal computation ability and low battery capacity. This is because conventional cryptographic
algorithms such as AES, RSA and DES are overkilling these resource-constrained devices as their hardware is not
able to support the computation. This paper will talk about the cryptography's concept, the primitives of
lightweight cryptography and different types of lightweight cryptography. On top of that, this paper will also
discuss the attacks used by adversaries to crack the encrypted information and the evaluation criteria used to
assess the performance of a lightweight cryptography.
Parallel Session 5A 1500-1515 Malware Classifications with Ensemble Learning Methods Using
Benchmark Dataset
Authors: Sayed Ala Moududi (Changzhou University, China) Md Gulzar Hussain (Changzhou University, China) Ye
Shiren (Changzhou University, China)
Abstract: Modern cybersecurity efforts are severely hampered by the diversity and constant evolution of malware.
This research uses the SOMLAP dataset, a carefully selected benchmark dataset that reflects current cyber risks,
to examine the effectiveness of two ensemble learning strategies: AdaBoost and Random Forest, in the context of
malware classification. The proposed approach combines the advantages of these classifiers to improve malware
detection's robustness and accuracy. AdaBoost outperforms Random Forest in the empirical evaluation, scoring
0.98 in accuracy, compared to 0.94 for Random Forest. The outcomes highlight ensemble learning's potential—
especially that of AdaBoost—as a potent instrument for precise and sophisticated malware classification. The
insights gained from this research are essential for improving cybersecurity defenses against dynamic and ever-
evolving cyber threats. The increasing number of people using the Internet and the availability of online services
like banking and purchasing give hackers the perfect setting in which to carry out their cyber crimes, which drives
up the cost of maintaining the networks.
56
Parallel Session 5B 1400-1415 Potential Factors for Multi-Criteria Evaluation of HVDC Compared to
HVAC in Transmitting of Power
Authors: Jack Mathebula (Eskom Holdings SoC Limited, South Africa)
Abstract: The landscape of the electricity industry is changing at alarming rate within the transmission and
distribution level. The choice in between high voltage direct current (HVDC) and high voltage alternating current
(HVAC) in transmitting the additional capacity generated requires careful assessment given the grid operational
requirements since there are several factors that needs to be considered before a decision is made. Although
techno-economic has been the approach that the justification of choice will be based in the event of choosing the
new transmission medium, questions that arise is that there are other factors that might not be considered and
raising doubts of subjectivity of the decision made. In mitigating the drawback, multicriteria decision analysis
(MCDA) approach is considered. This will take into consideration all the factors and weigh the options based on
inputs in ensuring that an element of subjectivity is eliminated when the decision is made. The authors aimed at
identifying, presenting, and discussing several potential factors deemed to be useful in evaluating the choice in
between the HVAC and HVDC using the MCDA. The factors identified takes into consideration technical
performance, environmental consideration, the economic impact, and others outside the key main factors,
applicable to both systems.
Parallel Session 5B 1415-1430 Optimization of Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Location for
InterCity Transportation: Pre-Results and Discussion for Türkiye Case
Authors: Kübra Yazır (University of Yildiz Technical, Turkey) Ali Karasan (Yildiz Technical University, Turkey) İhsan
Kaya (Yildiz Technical University, Turkey)
Abstract: Over the years, electric vehicles (EVs) have gained a rapidly increasing share in land transportation due
to technical advances in battery technology, longer driving range, environmental impacts of internal combustion
engines on climate change and air and noise pollution. Along with this process, the technological advances of
existing vehicles have also increased in parallel, and this has led to changes in consumers' preferences. In addition
to the opportunities and advantages of EVs, there are also some disadvantages. The most notables among of these
are low number of EV charging stations, which have a negative impact on urban traffic flow and EV drivers, and
the inappropriate placement of EV charging stations and lack of resource optimization. Although the problem of
low number and inappropriate placement of EV charging stations is focused as an urban problem, it is a bigger
problem for EVs used in intercity transportation when the travel distance is compared. In this paper, the pre-
results of a comprehensive analysis for optimization of electric vehicle charging infrastructure location for intercity
transportation considering on Türkiye highway network map are discussed with respect to calculations by using
an improved set covering model algorithm.
57
Parallel Session 5B 1430-1445 Comparative Study of Grid-Tied PV Systems in Bangladesh's Coastal
Gems
Authors: S. m Masum (University of Asia Pacific, Bangladesh) Earshed Al Mamun (University of Toledo, USA)
Abstract: The deployment of renewable energy on a wide scale is becoming increasingly popular. Developing
countries like Bangladesh are still trying to meet their basic energy needs according to the population growth,
sustainable energy is the only real solution to the world's impending power shortage. Bangladesh has two
wonderful locations with great natural resources. The longest natural sea beach, Cox's Bazar, and Saint Martin, a
coral island. Solar photovoltaic (PV) is one solution that has vast potential for Bangladesh due to climate and
climatic circumstances. This paper presents a comparative study of grid-tied PV systems in Cox's Bazar and St.
Martin's Island using the simulation software PVsyst. The study compares the performance and future implications
of grid connected PV systems in the two locations, taking into account factors such as geographical location, solar
radiation, temperature, and system losses. The results show that PV systems in both locations have significant
performance and possibilities. However, the study also highlights the potential for grid-connected PV systems in
Cox's Bazar over St. Martin's Island that can contribute greatly to addressing the country's energy needs.
Parallel Session 5B 1445-1500 Design and Analysis of 3-Phase Hybrid Asymmetric Multilevel Inverter
Topology with Reduced CMV
Authors: Mamatha N (Bangalore University, India) Ramesh H r (UVCE, India) Jeykishan Kumar K (CPRI, India)
Abstract: In recent years Multilevel Inverters (MLI) have emerged as the most efficient and most promising
inverters in industries and commercial applications. The variable speed drives (VSDs) connected to MLIs have
replaced the need for heavy machines in the transportation sectors. The Pulse Width Modulated (PWM) inverters
generally face the problem of Common Mode Voltages (CMV) which lead to the shaft voltage, and leakage currents
which may result in electrical faults in the VSDs. These are the main root causes for the electrically provoked failure
of bearing elements. This paper exhibits a new Hybrid Asymmetric Cascaded (HAC) topology with a half-height
(HH) PWM technique which focuses on the mitigation of CMV without using any external hardware components.
The circuit and control technique is implemented for odd levels starting from 3 levels up to 21 levels using MATLAB
Simulink platform and the results are analyzed for the variation of CMV with other parameters such as levels of
inverters, Total Harmonic Distortion (THD), different loading conditions, and other constraints of the load. The
literature emphasized the trade-off between Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) and CMV, which is attempted to be
kept well below IEEE's allowable bounds.
58
Parallel Session 5C 1400-1415 Detecting Autism Spectrum Disorder from Raw Speech in Children
Using STFT Layered CNN Model
Authors: Kodali Radha (Velagapudi Ramakrishna Siddhartha Engineering College, India) Dhulipalla Venkata
Rao (Velagapudi Ramakrishna Siddhartha Engineering College) Kurma Venkata Keerthana Sai (Velagapudi
Ramakrishna Siddhartha Engineering College, India) Rompicharla Thanmayee Krishna (Velagapudi Ramakrishna
Siddhartha Engineering College, India) Abdul Muneera (Velagapudi Ramakrishna Siddhartha Engineering College,
India)
Abstract: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a lifelong neurodevelopmental condition impacting perception,
communication, and behavior, serves as the focal point of this study. It encompasses a wide range of symptoms
and intensities and usually manifests in early childhood due to genetic, environmental and immunological factors.
The paper introduces a new dataset for children ASD speech corpus (CASD-SC), employing a customized log
spectrogram short-time Fourier transform (STFT) layered convolutional neural networks (CNN) model. The
investigation encompasses the evaluation of two distinct models: the traditional feature-based CNN model and
the raw waveform-based CNN model. Various configurations of the CNN's first layer, such as spectrogram and log
spectrogram, are investigated, and the log spectrogram raw waveform-based CNN model is found to be 86.6\%
accurate in detecting ASD. This research holds significance because it addresses a gap in the existing literature by
examining child-specific raw speech data analysis. This study includes a customized log spectrogram layer, this
customization emphasizes processing and training efficiency by demonstrating the benefit of utilizing raw
waveforms over feature extraction. This study advances in detection of ASD in children, helping in the early
diagnosis and treatment of children with ASD.
Parallel Session 5C 1415-1430 Remote Monitoring of Micro-Hydropower Plants Using Python
Authors: Blondelle Melina Atsafack (University of Rwanda, Rwanda) Nzanywayingoma Frederic (University of
Rwanda, Rwanda) Charles Kabiri (University of Rwanda, Rwanda) Gerard Rushingabigwi (African Center of
Excellence in IoT, University of Rwanda, Rwanda)
Abstract: Hydraulic turbines and synchronous generators are two critical components of micro-hydropower
plants, and their maintenance is crucial to ensure the longevity of the system. However, maintenance can be
challenging in rural areas where access to facilities is limited, and there is a lack of local expertise to ensure
effective ongoing maintenance. To solve this issue, we have developed a permanent remote monitoring system
that can monitor various parameters such as rotor speed, rotor mechanical angle, output active power, output
reactive power, mechanical power, gate status, current, and voltage phases. The system enables real-time data
interpretation and timely intervention for maintenance operations. It is based on an experimental
Matlab/Simulink hydroelectric plant model and uses IoT cloud Thingspeak for data storage, LabVIEW for
visualization, data analysis, and alert triggering. The system employs HTTP and UDP protocols through a Python
program for data transmission. The results obtained from the system are highly satisfactory, making it deployable
on real micro-hydropower plants.
59
Parallel Session 5C 1430-1445 Toward Improving Robustness of Object Detectors Against Domain
Shift
Authors: Le-Anh Tran (Myongji University, Korea (South)) Chung Nguyen Tran (Universitat Autònoma de
Barcelona, Vietnam) Dong-Chul Park (Myong Ji University, Korea (South)) Jordi Carrabina (Univesitat Autònoma de
Barcelona, Spain) David Castells-Rufas (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain)
Abstract: This paper proposes a data augmentation method for improving the robustness of driving object
detectors against domain shift. Domain shift problem arises when there is a significant change between the
distribution of the source data domain used in the training phase and that of the target data domain in the
deployment phase. Domain shift is known as one of the most popular reasons resulting in the considerable drop
in the performance of deep neural network models. In order to address this problem, one effective approach is to
increase the diversity of training data. To this end, we propose a data synthesis module that can be utilized to train
more robust and effective object detectors. By adopting YOLOv4 as a base object detector, we have witnessed a
remarkable improvement in performance on both the source and target domain data.
Parallel Session 5C 1445-1500 Deep Learning for Cross-Selling Health Insurance Classification
Authors: Jasmin Ze Kee Chu (Swinburne University of Technology Sarawak, Malaysia) Joel Chia Ming
Than (Swinburne University of Technology Sarawak Campus, Malaysia) Hudyjaya Siswoyo Jo (Swinburne University
of Technology Sarawak Campus, Malaysia)
Abstract: In the ever-evolving landscape of insurance services, the strategic cross-selling of health insurance to
existing customers stands as a pivotal endeavor. This study delves into this domain, aiming to harness the potential
of Artificial Intelligence (AI) methods to identify prospects for health insurance adoption within the existing
customer base. To achieve this goal, this study conducts various experiments employing different machine
learning and deep learning algorithms, such as TabPFN, Graph Convolutional Network (GCN), LightGBM, Hist
Gradient Boosting and XGBoost. Data preprocessing involves filtering out empty data and normalizing the
remaining data. The dataset is then subjected to various optimization methods, including Arithmetic Optimization
Algorithm (AOA), Gradient-Based Optimization (GBO), and Sine Cosine Algorithm (SCA), to enhance the model's
performance, ensuring the development of a reliable and trustworthy predictive model for identifying customers
likely to purchase health insurance. Notably, AOA consistently shows strong performance improvements in
LightGBM by 9.34%, XGBoost by 8.66%, and TabPFN by 10.48%, making it the go-to method for boosting model
performance across different models. Moreover, TabPFN stands out, showcasing a significant accuracy jump from
52.62% to 63.10%, highlighting its exceptional effectiveness, particularly with tabular data.
60
Parallel Session 5C 1500-1515 Enhanced Chest X-Ray Analysis Using Encoder-Decoder with GRU for
Report Generation
Authors: Sandosh S (Vellore Institute of Technology, India) Shashank Pandey (Vellore Institute of Technology,
India) Piyali Saha (Vellore Institute of Technology, India) Gaurav Sharan (Vellore Institute of Technology, India)
Abstract: Despite advancements in deep learning, the absence of a robust framework tailored for chest X-ray
report generation remains a challenge. Leveraging DenseNet121 as the image feature extractor, pre-trained on
ImageNet, provides a critical advantage by transferring learned feature representations to chest X-ray analysis.
Fine-tuning the DenseNet121 during end-to-end training tailors' visual features specifically for report generation,
avoiding overfitting and lengthy training inherent in training a CNN from scratch. The inclusion of an embedding
layer facilitates semantic relationships between words, while the two-stage encoder-decoder structure ensures
separate specialization of the CNN encoder for image feature extraction and the RNN decoder for sequence
generation. Dropout in the decoder prevents overfitting, enhancing the model's adaptability. Training the model
end-to-end enables simultaneous learning of optimal feature representations and the mapping between images
and reports, marking a significant step towards more effective and detailed chest X-ray report generation. Notably,
the proposed architecture achieves an accuracy of 87.55%, signifying not only a commendable BLEU score but also
an excellent accuracy, consolidating its efficacy in both text generation and diagnostic precision.
Parallel Session 5D 1400-1415 Development of A Wearable Self-Powered Sensor Using Triboelectric

Mechanism
Authors: Lei-Jun Siau (Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia) Joo-Sii Joey Yeo (Esslingen University of Applied
Sciences, Germany) Pei Song Chee (Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia) Eng Hock Lim (Faculty of
Engineering and Science, UTAR, Malaysia) Jen Hahn Low (Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia)
Abstract: The rapid development of Internet of Things (IoT) has led to a high demand for wearable human-machine
interaction (HMI) devices. Sensors are important devices to detect physical parameters and convert them into
electrical signals in HMI applications. Conventional sensors that are rigid, and require bulky power sources become
incompatible with soft and irregular surfaces such as human skin. Therefore, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG)
with stretchable materials are introduced in this paper. The proposed self-powered sensor can produce a voltage
of up to 7 V upon hand tapping force. It is also able to detect different tapping frequencies from 1 Hz to 3 Hz.
These characteristics are useful for wearable HMI applications such as turning on and off light-emitting diodes
(LEDs).
61
Parallel Session 5D 1415-1430 Optimizing Coastal Wave Forecasting with LSTM: A Univariate Time
Series Approach
Authors: Zaharaddeen Karami Lawal (Universiti Brunei Darussalam., Brunei, Brunei Darussalam) Hayati
Yassin (Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Brunei Darussalam) Daphne Teck Ching Lai (Universiti Brunei Darussalam,
Brunei Darussalam) Azam Che Idris (Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Brunei Darussalam)
Abstract: Coastal wave modeling and forecasting are vital in various fields, such as oceanography, sustainable
marine energy, maritime operations, and ocean engineering. This research focuses on accurate wave parameter
forecasting, which is crucial for marine-related activities. The primary objective of this experiment is to forecast
wave conditions by introducing a time series forecasting model capable of forecasting wave parameters using a
hybrid method that combines advanced, recurrent neural networks with hyperparameter tuning and optimization
techniques. We proposed a novel univariate model that combines the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM)
architecture with KerasTuner hyperparameter tuning and optimization techniques to enhance time-series
forecasting accuracy and efficiency. Seven independent multi-step forecast experiments were conducted for wave
speed and propagation direction for 1, 3, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 24 hours into the future. The proposed model
demonstrated the best results with minimal training and test errors. Comparative evaluations were performed
using benchmark datasets to validate the model's superior performance over conventional LSTM, ARIMA, and
Prophet Models. The proposed univariate time series forecasting model for wave speed and propagation direction
exhibits significant value due to its accurate forecasts, low forecasting error, and potential implications in marine
renewable energy assessment.
Parallel Session 5D 1430-1445 Performance Analysis of Ag/TiO2 Coated PCF-Based Plasmonic Sensor
and Detection of Ethyl-Alcohol
Authors: Wahiduzzaman Emon (Ahsanullah University of Science & Technology, Bangladesh) Almas
Nafi (Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology, Bangladesh) Mrinmoy Sarkar (Ahsanullah University of
Science and Technology, Bangladesh) Farhana Kabir Nahian (Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology,
Bangladesh)
Abstract: In this paper, we proposed Silver-TiO2 coated photonic crystal fiber (PCF) sensor based on surface
plasmon resonance (SPR) phenomena. The finite element method (FEM) is used for numerical analysis.
Measurements of amplitude sensitivity, wavelength sensitivity, and resolution are used to analyze sensor
performance. The detection approach involves altering titanium dioxide thickness. Maximum wavelength
sensitivity is 8000 nm/RIU and maximum amplitude sensitivity is 252 RIU-1 with a resolution of 1.25×10-5 at
refractive index range RI 1.33-1.36. Maximum wavelength sensitivity for ethyl-alcohol detection is 6333.33 nm/RIU
referred to as clean water. The utilization of a TiO2 layer has been found to mitigate the chemical instability
associated with silver. Due to stability and high sensitivity, the biosensor under consideration exhibits potential
for detecting organic substances.
62
Parallel Session 5D 1445-1500 A Comparative Study of Tapering Methods and Transfer
Characteristics in Fabry-Perot Interferometric Applications
Authors: Mohammed Raqeeb Thabit Mohammed Qaid (Kazan National Research Technical University Named
After A. N. Tupolev, Russia) Alaa Naji Alhussein (Kazan National Research Technical University named after A. N.
Tupolev - KAI, Iraq) Airat Zh. Sakhaboutdinov (KNRTU-KAI, Russia) Timur Agliullin (Kazan National Research
Technical University named after A. N. Tupolev - KAI, Russia) Bulat I Valeev (Kazan National Research Technical
University named after A. N. Tupolev - KAI, Russia) Michael Dashkov (Povolzhskiy State University of
Telecommunications and Informatics(PSUTI), Russia)
Abstract: This study undertakes a comparative analysis in the field of fiber-optic probe fabrication, particularly
emphasizing tapering techniques and their relevance in biomedicine, chemistry, and electronics. The necessity for
advanced fiber-optic probes in these fields is rapidly growing, necessitating innovations in fabrication methods.
Existing methods often fall short in efficiency and performance. The research aims to address these limitations by
introducing and analyzing a novel fabrication approach. The proposed method uniquely combines the fusion of a
transport optical fiber with matching fibers, forming a micro-lens with an average radius of approximately 15 μm.
This technique features an enlarged core size and employs a welding apparatus specifically designed for optical
fibers. Experimental validation reveals that this new method significantly improves transfer characteristics and
reduces end-face reflection levels by 8 to 11 dB in comparison to the reflection levels of cleaved single-mode
optical fibers at a 90-degree angle, particularly within the 1530 – 1580 nm wavelength range. The study confirms
that this novel approach enhances fiber-optic probe performance in Fabry-Perot interferometry, proving
beneficial for applications that require minimal invasive measurements and high localization.
Parallel Session 5D 1500-1515 Enhancing Efficiency in Broiler Chicken Farms: A Rail Systems-Based
Approach Feeding Process
Authors: Jayson Sathyamohan (Taylor’s University, Malaysia) Chockalingam Aravind (Taylor's University, Malaysia)
Ramsundar Sivasubramanian (Taylor’s University, Malaysia) Kameswara S Prakash (Taylor's University, Malaysia)
Abstract: To enhance profit margins, the implementation of automation systems is critical in broiler farms.
However, the existing system that relies on screw conveyors presents several disadvantages. Foremost among
them is the inability to achieve consistent feed distribution throughout the entire farm. Centrifugal forces cause
heavier chicken feed to drop prematurely into early feeding containers, while lighter feed only reaches the later
feeders. This project aims to investigate, design, and implement rail systems to automate the feeding process
while addressing the current problems that are faced by the existing screw conveyor system. This project was split
into a few parts the first being the designing and the construction of the proposed rail system prototype. The
second part is the measurement of optimum angle for the feeder arm which was calculated to be around 30°. The
third and final part was to compare the quality of feed from farms that are using the screw conveyor method with
the quality of feed from the prototype of the proposed system. From this comparison, it was discovered that the
proposed system can reduce feed wastage of the selected farm by 7.595% which in return would help the farm
save as much as RM 10,936.80 monthly.
63
CONFERENCE ORGANIZING COMMITTEE
Position Full Name
Honorary Chair Simon Leunig, Curtin University, Malaysia
Thuy Tuong Vu, Curtin University Malaysia

Advisory Board Members Khairul Hafiz Bin Sharkawi, Sarawak Digital Economy Corporation (SDEC)
Nur Ashida Salim, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM)
Vincent Lee Chieng Chen, Curtin University, Malaysia
Ramasamy Nagarajan, Curtin University, Malaysia
Agus Saptoro, Curtin University, Malaysia

General Chair Garenth Lim King Hann, Curtin University, Malaysia
Organizing Chairs Raymond Chiong Choo Wee, Curtin University Malaysia
Chew Ing Ming, Curtin University, Malaysia
Stephanie Chan Yen San, Curtin University, Malaysia
Moola Mohan Reddy, Curtin University, Malaysia

Secretariat and Publicity Chairs Terence Peng Lian Tan, Curtin University, Malaysia
Foad Motalebi, Curtin University, Malaysia
Saaveethya Sivakumar, Curtin University Malaysia
Nong Nurnie Binti Mohd Nistah, Curtin University Malaysia
Rama Abirami, Curtin University Malaysia

Publication Chairs Yi Chiew Han, Curtin University, Malaysia
Sivaraman Eswaran, Curtin University, Malaysia
Ling Huo Chong, RMIT University Vietnam

TPC Chairs Salem Mgammal Al-Ameri, Curtin University Malaysia
Wei Kitt Wong, Curtin University, Malaysia
Filbert H. Juwono, Xi'an Jiaotong - Liverpool University, China
Teck Chai Tiong, Curtin University, Malaysia
Kah Haw Law, Universiti Teknologi Brunei
Kiing Ing Wong, Curtin University, Malaysia
Sim Zee Ang, Intel Malaysia
Ungku Anisa Ungku Amiruldnin, UNITEN

Financial Chairs Po Ken Pang, Curtin University, Malaysia
Veeramani Shanmugam, Curtin University, Malaysia

External Engagement Chairs Chew Wei Jen, Taylor University, Malaysia
DValliappan Raman, Coimbatore Institute of Technology, India
64
Mohd Noor bin Abdullah, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
Ganesan R, Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai, India

Programme Committee Ziad Bennour, Curtin University Malaysia
Wee Siaw Khur, Curtin University Malaysia
Lau Shiew Wei, Curtin University Malaysia
Bridgid Chin Lai Fui, Curtin University Malaysia
Perumal Kumar, Curtin University Malaysia
Evelyn Chiong Tung, Curtin University Malaysia
Angnes Tiong Ngieng Tze, Curtin University Malaysia
Lim Chye Ing, Curtin University Malaysia
Abdul Hamid Bin Abdullah, Curtin University Malaysia
Jundika Candra Kurnia, Curtin University Malaysia
Sujan Debnath, Curtin University Malaysia
65
TECHNICAL PROGRAMME COMMITTEE / REVIEWERS
Mr. Abdul Rehman Kyungpook National University South Korea
Dr. Abu Zaharin Ahmad University Malaysia Pahang Malaysia
Dr. Achara Pichetjamroen Kasetsart University Thailand
Prof. Addisson Salazar Universidad Politécnica de Valencia Spain
Dr. Akila Wijethunge University of Sri Jayewardenepura Sri Lanka
Prof. Ali Idrees University of Babylon Iraq
Dr. Ali Salem Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam Malaysia
Dr. Amit Rathi Manipal University Jaipur India
United Arab
Dr. Amjad Gawanmeh University of Dubai Emirates
Prof. Andrews Samraj Mahendra Engineering College India
Prof. António Rodrigues IT / Instituto Superior Técnico Portugal
Dr. Arindam Pal CSIRO Australia
Dr. Ashoka rajan R Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai India
Prof. Asnath Phamila Vellore Institute of Technology India
Mr. Augustus Segar Swinburne University Malaysia
Dr. Aumnad Phdungsilp University of Technology Thonburi Malaysia
Prof. Bakhe Nleya UKZN South Africa
Dr. Balasundaram Balasundaram Vellore Institute of Technology India
Dr. Bijoy Jose Cochin University of Science and Technology India
Dr. Bikram Das NIT AGARTALA India
Dr. Catur Apriono Universitas Indonesia Indonesia
Dr. Chakib Taybi Mohammed First University Morocco
Dr. Chi-Hua Chen none unknown
Dr. Chockalingam Aravind Taylor's University Malaysia
Dr. Daniele Mestriner University of Genoa Italy
Dr. Daphne Teck Ching Lai Universiti Brunei Darussalam Brunei Darussalam
Dr. Donata Acula University of Santo Tomas Philippines
Dr. Erwan Sulaiman Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia Malaysia
Dr. Eugenia Zhuo University of Santo Tomas Philippines
Dr. Farrah Wong Universiti Malaysia Sabah Malaysia
Prof. Fatiha Merazka LISIC Laboratory. USTHB University Algeria
Prof. Gevork B. Gharehpetian Amirkabir University of Technology Iran
Prof. Grigoras Gheorghe Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi Romania
Dr. Hafisoh Ahmad Taylor’s University Malaysia
Prof. Hema Banati University of Delhi India
Dr. Hugeng Hugeng Universitas Tarumanagara Indonesia
Dr. Huong Yong Alan Ting University of Technology Sarawak Malaysia
Dr. I Ketut Enriko Institut Teknologi Telkom Purwokerto Indonesia
Dr. İbrahim Kök Pamukkale University Turkey
Prof. Ida Giriantari Udayana University, Bali Indonesia
Dr. Jacob Dethan Universitas Buddhi Dharma Indonesia
Dr. Janette Sideño University of Santo Tomas Philippines
Dr. Janus Heide Steinwurf Denmark
Dr. Javier Gozalvez Universidad Miguel Hernandez de Elche Spain
Mrs. Jayasudha Jayasudha Jayasudha India
Dr. Jianhui Wong Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman Malaysia
Dr. Jiashen Teh Universiti Sains Malaysia Malaysia
Dr. Joni Simatupang President University Indonesia
Dr. Kah Haw Law Universiti Teknologi Brunei Brunei Darussalam
Dr. Kanthimathi Kanthimathi Vellore Institute of Technology India
Dr. Karthiga Karthiga Coimbatore Institute of Technology India India
Mrs. Kavita Saini Autonomous Body India
Dr. Kelvin Sheng Chek Yong Swinburne University of Technology Malaysia
Dr. Khalid Alemerien Tafila Technical University Jordan
66
Prof. Larbi Boubchir University of Paris 8 France
Mr. Maamar Bougherara LIMPAF Laboratory Bouira University Algeria
Prof. Mamiko Inamori Tokai University Japan
Dr. Manee Diagarajan Taylor’s University Malaysia
Prof. Marco Listanti University of Rome "La Sapienza" Italy
Dr. Marwan Nafea University of Nottingham Malaysia Malaysia
Ms. Mee Kee Wong Universiti Teknologi Petronas Malaysia
Dr. Melinda Melinda Universitas Syiah Kuala Indonesia
Dr. Mohammad Arif Sobhan Bhuiyan Xiamen University Malaysia Malaysia
Dr. Mohammed Mosaad Yanbu Industrial College Saudi Arabia
Mr. Mohd Fairouz Mohd Yousof Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia Malaysia
Dr. Mohd Noor Abdullah Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia Malaysia
Dr. Muhammad Norfauzi Dani Universiti Teknologi Brunei Brunei Darussalam
Dr. Muriel Franco Federal University of Rio Grande of Sul Brazil
Dr. Mylene Domingo University of Santo Tomas Philippines
Dr. Nafrizuan Mat Yahya Universiti Malaysia Pahang Malaysia
Dr. Nhlanhla Mbuli University of Johannesburg South Africa
Dr. Nico Surantha Bina Nusantara University Indonesia
Dr. Nirmal Srivastava National Institute of Technology India
Dr. Nitish Ojha Sharda University, Greater Noida, UP India
Dr. Noel Estrella University of Santo Tomas Philippines
Dr. Nor Akmal Mohd Jamail Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia Malaysia
Dr. Nor Asiah Binti Muhamad Universiti Teknologi Brunei Malaysia
Ms. Novie Theresia Br. Pasaribu Universitas Kristen Maranatha Indonesia
Dr. Nur Ashida Salim Universiti Teknologi MARA Malaysia
Multi-agent Intelligent Simulation Laboratory
Mr. Olarik Surinta (MISL), Mahasarakham University Thailand
Prof. Om Malik University of Calgary Canada
Dr. Pang Leong Taylor’s University Malaysia
Prof. Pascal Lorenz University of Haute Alsace France
Prof. Paulo Pinto Universidade Nova de Lisboa Portugal
Dr. Pavel Loskot ZJU-UIUC Institute China
Dr. Prabhavathy Prabhavathy Coimbatore Institute of Technology India Malaysia
Puteri Nor Aznie Fahsyar Syed
Dr. Mahadzir Taylor’s University Malaysia
Mrs. Rajarajeswari Subbaraj Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai, India India
United Kingdom
Dr. Regina Reine Twigx Research (Great Britain)
Dr. Roziah Aziz Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia Malaysia
Prof. Sailesh Iyer Rai University India
Dr. Sanjeev Pannala National Renewable Energy Laboratory USA
Dr. Shanmugapriya Shanmugapriya Coimbatore Institute of Technology India India
Dr. Sheik Mohammed Sulthan Universiti Teknologi Brunei Brunei Darussalam
Dr. Sherali Zeadally University of Kentucky USA
Dr. Siti Amely Jumaat Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia Malaysia
Dr. Sivaraman Eswaran Curtin University Malaysia Malaysia
Dr. Sudha Sudha Coimbatore Institute of Technology India
Dr. Suganya R Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai India
Dr. Suguna M Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai India
Dr. Sujata Pal Indian Institute of Technology Ropar India
Dr. Theofilos Chrysikos University of Patras Greece
Dr. Thittaporn Ganokratanaa King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi Thailand
Dr. Thy Ling University of Technology Sarawak Malaysia
United Kingdom
Dr. Tianhua Xu University of Warwick (Great Britain)
Dr. Tiong Lim Universiti Teknologi Brunei Brunei Darussalam
Dr. Tse Guan Tan Universiti Malaysia Kelantan Malaysia
Mr. Udhaya Kumar Dayalan University of Minnesota USA
67
Dr. Ungku Anisa Ungku Amirulddin Universiti Tenaga Nasional Malaysia
Valli Krishnamurthy Apdiye Dhan
Dr. Sir Iruku Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai India
Dr. Valliappan Raman Coimbatore Institute of Technology Malaysia
Dr. Vannak Vai Institute of Technology of Cambodia Cambodia
Dr. Vijay Athavale Walchand Institute of Technology India
Dr. Vivek Sehgal Jaypee University of Information Technology India
Dr. Vun Jack Chin University of Southampton Malaysia Malaysia
Dr. Wei Jen Chew Taylor’s University Malaysia
Dr. Yee Loo Foo Multimedia University Malaysia
Dr. Yew Weng Kean Heriot Watt University Malaysia
Prof. Zahir Hussain University of Kufa Iraq
Dr. Zeinab Jawad Qatar University Qatar
68

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TABLE OF CONTENT

WELCOMING MESSAGE BY THE HONORARY CHAIR ......................................................................................... 2

Prof. Dr. Simon Leunig

Best wishes for a fruitful and enlightening conference.

Prof. Dr. Tuong-Thuy Vu

Assoc. Prof. Ir. Dr. Nur Ashida Salim

Prof. Dr. Garenth Lim King Hann

Prof. Ir. Dr. Stephanie

Assoc. Prof. Dr.

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Jiashen Teh

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Fei Xue

1020 - 1030 Break

Nanyang Technological University, Singapore

Keynote Speaker 2: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Jiashen Teh

Universiti Sains Malaysia

“Dynamic Line Rating (DLR) for Enhanced Grid Reliability”

Keynote Speaker 3: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Fei Xue

Xi’an Jiaotong–Liverpool University, Suzhou, China

“Active Distribution Networks based on Virtual Microgrid Technology”

Energy Engineering Industrial Lecture Speaker 3: Dr. Pouria Mousavi

Energy Engineering Industrial Lecture Speaker 4: Ir. Ts. Julian Jues

Mechatronics Engineering Industrial Lecture Speaker 3: Dr. Ishkandar Baharin

Mechatronics Engineering Industrial Lecture Speaker 4: Assoc. Prof. Dr. R. Senthilnathan

Authors: Mohammed I. Mosaad (Yanbu Industrial College, Saudi Arabia)

Authors: Aifian Chan (Universiti Tun Hussein Onn, Malaysia)

Parallel Session 2B 1000-1015 Enhanced Online Impedance Estimation of Grid-Connected Inverter

Parallel Session 2B 1030-1045 Advanced Forecasting of Wind Energy Generation Through

Parallel Session 2C 1045-1100 Unmanned Aerial Vehicle-Assisted Assessment of Cable-Stayed

Authors: Casi Setianingsih (Telkom University, Indonesia)

Authors: Wei Kitt Wong (Curtin University, Malaysia)

Parallel Session 3B 1540-1555 Forecasting the Numbers of Pole-Mounted Transformer Failures:

Authors: Nhlanhla Mbuli (University of South Africa, South Africa)

Parallel Session 3B 1610-1625 On-Grid Photovoltaic System Using A Solid-State Transformer

Parallel Session 3B 1640-1655 Implementation of Cloth Estimation in 2D-3D Human Body

Authors: Asrani Lit (Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS), Malaysia)

Authors: Latifah Sarah Supian (Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Malaysia)

Parallel Session 3D 1610-1625 Multi-Label Joint Cross-Domain Person Re-Identification by

Parallel Session 4B 0945-1000 An Adaptive Local Measurement-Based Fault Detection Method

Parallel Session 4C 0915-0930 Diabetes Detection Using Gait Acceleration

Authors: Elvin D Dulce (University of the Philippines Diliman, Philippines)

Abstract: Lightweight cryptography is introduced by researchers to be implemented in resource-constrained

Authors: Jack Mathebula (Eskom Holdings SoC Limited, South Africa)

Parallel Session 5C 1415-1430 Remote Monitoring of Micro-Hydropower Plants Using Python

Parallel Session 5D 1400-1415 Development of A Wearable Self-Powered Sensor Using Triboelectric

Thuy Tuong Vu, Curtin University Malaysia

Ramasamy Nagarajan, Curtin University, Malaysia

Agus Saptoro, Curtin University, Malaysia

Chew Ing Ming, Curtin University, Malaysia

Stephanie Chan Yen San, Curtin University, Malaysia

Moola Mohan Reddy, Curtin University, Malaysia

Foad Motalebi, Curtin University, Malaysia

Saaveethya Sivakumar, Curtin University Malaysia

Nong Nurnie Binti Mohd Nistah, Curtin University Malaysia

Rama Abirami, Curtin University Malaysia

Sivaraman Eswaran, Curtin University, Malaysia

Ling Huo Chong, RMIT University Vietnam

Wei Kitt Wong, Curtin University, Malaysia

Filbert H. Juwono, Xi'an Jiaotong - Liverpool University, China

Teck Chai Tiong, Curtin University, Malaysia

Kah Haw Law, Universiti Teknologi Brunei

Kiing Ing Wong, Curtin University, Malaysia

Sim Zee Ang, Intel Malaysia

Ungku Anisa Ungku Amiruldnin, UNITEN

Veeramani Shanmugam, Curtin University, Malaysia