Unit 13 CRP Report 2021 2022 Digital Transformation

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Unit 13 CRP Report 2021 2022 -Digital Transformation
HND In Computing (ESOFT Metro Campus)
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Higher Nationals
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Programme title BTEC HND in Computing
Amali Tharika
Assessor Internal
Verifier
Unit 13: Computing Research Project
Unit(s)
Final Research Report – The environmental impact of digital
Assignment title transformation
Chalani Kaushalya Siriwardana.
Student’s name
List which assessment Pass Merit Distinction
criteria the Assessor has
awarded.
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Higher Nationals - Summative Assignment Feedback Form

Student Name/ID Chalani Kaushalya Siriwardana. / E013011
Unit Title
Assignment Number 1 Assessor
18/07/2023 Date
Submission Date Received 1st
submission
Date Received 2nd
Re-submission Date submission
Assessor Feedback:
LO2 Conduct and analyse research relevant to a chosen computing research project
Pass, Merit & Distinction

P3 ☐ P4 ☐ M2 ☐ D1 ☐
Descripts
LO3 Communicate the outcomes of a research project to identified stakeholders

P5 ☐ M3 ☐ D2 ☐
Descripts
LO4 Reflect on the application of research methodologies and concepts

P6 ☐ P7 ☐ M4 ☐ D3 ☐
Descripts
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grades decisions have been agreed at the assessment board.

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Pearson
Higher Nationals in
Computing
Project Report

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Student Declaration
I hereby, declare that I know what plagiarism entails, namely to use another’s work and to present
it as my own without attributing the sources in the correct form. I further understand what it
means to copy another’s work.
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2. I understand the plagiarism and copying policy of Edexcel UK.
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Higher National Diploma in Computing

Assignment Brief
Student Name /ID Number Chalani Kaushalya Siriwardana. / E013011
Unit Number and Title Unit 13 – Computing Research Project
Academic Year 2021/22
Unit Tutor Amali Tharika
Assignment Title Final Research Project Report
Issue Date 16/07/2023
Submission Date 18/07/2023
IV Name & Date
Submission format
 The submission is in the form of an individual written report.
 This should be written in a concise, formal business style using single spacing and font size
12.
 You are required to make use of headings, paragraphs and subsections as appropriate, and all
work must be supported with research
 referenced using the Harvard referencing system.
 Please provide a referencing list using the Harvard referencing system.
 The recommended word limit is minimum 4,500 words

Unit Learning Outcomes:
LO2. Conduct and analyse research relevant to a chosen computing research project
LO3. Communicate the outcomes of a research project to identified stakeholders
LO4. Reflect on the application of research methodologies and concepts

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Assignment Brief and Guidance:
Learner is now required to provide a comprehensive research project report based on the findings
of secondary and primary research carried out on the project proposal submitted in the previous
section on ‘the Environmental Impact of Digital Transformation’.
The Learner requires to produce a detailed research project report covering following areas
 Conduct primary and secondary research using appropriate methods for a computing
research project that consider costs, access and ethical issues. Carry out your research and
apply appropriate analytical tools to analyse research findings and data and discuss merits,
limitations and pitfalls experienced during data collection and analysis.
 Draw conclusion based on the research findings.
 Communicate the outcomes of your research project to the identified audience and a
critical evaluation of the outcomes demonstrating if the research objectives were met.
 Reflect on the success of your research project and your performance at the end of
the project with the inclusion of a project evaluation and recommendations for future
improvements. Consider alternative research methodologies and lessons learnt in
view of the outcomes .

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Grading Rubric
Grading Criteria Achieved Feedback
P3 Conduct primary and secondary research using

appropriate methods for a computing research project
that consider costs, access and ethical issues
P4 Apply appropriate analytical tools to analyse
research findings and data.
M2 Discuss merits, limitations and pitfalls of
approaches to data collection and analysis.
P5 Communicate research outcomes in an appropriate
manner for the intended audience.
M3 Coherently and logically communicate outcomes
to the intended audience, demonstrating how
outcomes meet set research objectives.
D2 Communicate critical analysis of the outcomes and
make valid, justified recommendations.
P6 Reflect on the effectiveness of research methods
applied for meeting objectives of the computing
research project.
P7 Consider alternative research methodologies and
lessons learnt in view of the outcomes.
M4 Provide critical reflection and insight that results in
recommended actions for improvements and future

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research
considerations.
D3 Demonstrate reflection and
engagement in the resource process
leading to recommended actions for future
improvement.

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Studying the environmental impact of e-waste

management in the IT sector in Sri Lanka
By
Chalani Kaushalya Siriwardana
E013011
Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the

COMPUTING RESEARCH PROJECT MODULE OF PEARSON’S HND
IN COMPUTING PROGRAMME
at the
ESOFT METRO CAMPUS
Name of research Tutor: Miss Amali Tharika
2023/07/18

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DECLARATION
Name of Research Candidate: Chalani Kaushalya Siriwardana

Pearson Registration Number: E013011
Programme Name: CRP
Research Title: Studying the environmental impact of e-waste management in the IT sector in
Sri Lanka
Field of Study: IT Sector
I do solemnly and sincerely declare that:
i. I’m the sole author of this study
ii. This work is original
iii. In case of any use if any information from other sources references of copyright with its
ownership have been acknowledged in this document
iv. I do not have any actual knowledge nor do I ought reasonably to know that the making of
the work constitutes an infringement of any copyright work
v. I know that plagiarism is a punishable offence because it constitutes theft, I understand
the plagiarism and copying policy of the Edexcel UK, I know what the consequences will
be if I plagiaries or copy another’s work in this research for this program.
Candidate Signature: E013011@esoft.academy Date: 18/07/2023
Subscribed and solemnly declared before,
Supervisor’s Name:
Designation:
Supervisor’s Signature: Date:

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ACKNOWLEDGMENT
I would like to express my sincere gratitude and appreciation to all those who have contributed
to the completion of this research on the environmental impact of e-waste management
practices in Sri Lanka's IT sector.
First and foremost, I extend my heartfelt thanks to my supervisor and mentor, Miss Amali
Tharika, for their invaluable guidance, unwavering support, and constructive feedback
throughout this research journey. Their expertise and encouragement have been instrumental in
shaping the direction of this study.
I am deeply thankful to the management and staff of Epic Lanka Pvt Ltd for their cooperation
and willingness to participate in this research. Without their cooperation and willingness to
share valuable insights, this study would not have been possible.I would also like to extend my
appreciation to all the participants who took the time to respond to surveys and participate in
interviews. Their contributions have been crucial in providing the necessary data for analysis.
I am grateful to the academic and research community for the wealth of knowledge and
resources they have made available. The extensive literature and research on e-waste
management have been instrumental in informing the theoretical framework and analysis of
this study.
Furthermore, I would like to thank my friends and family for their unwavering support and
understanding during the course of this research. Their encouragement and belief in my
abilities have been a constant source of motivation.
Finally, I acknowledge the dedication and efforts of all individuals and organizations working
towards sustainable e-waste management practices and environmental conservation. Their
commitment to a greener and more eco-conscious future serves as a constant reminder of the
importance of this research.In conclusion, this research would not have been possible without
the contributions and support of all those mentioned above. While any errors or shortcomings
remain solely my responsibility, their collective efforts have significantly enriched this study
and its potential impact on sustainable e-waste management practices in the IT sector of Sri
Lanka. Thank you all for being an integral part of this journey.
Chalani Siriwardana.
E013011@esoft.academy
19/07/2023

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ABSTRACT
The rapid growth of the information technology (IT) sector in Sri Lanka has brought about
significant advancements and opportunities, driving economic development, connectivity, and
innovation. However, this digital transformation has led to a pressing environmental challenge:
electronic waste, commonly known as e-waste. As the use of electronic devices and IT
equipment continues to escalate, the improper management and disposal of e-waste pose
serious environmental risks, necessitating urgent attention and sustainable solutions.
This research aims to study and analyze the environmental impact of e-waste management
practices in the IT sector in Sri Lanka, with a focus on three major sources of e-waste:
telecommunication devices, monitoring and control instruments, and electrical and electronic
tools. By investigating the environmental implications of e-waste from these sources, the study
aims to identify key challenges, propose effective strategies for improvement, and contribute to
a more sustainable digital transformation.
The study employs a mixed-methods approach, including surveys, interviews, and data
analysis, to explore the relationship between IT equipment usage and its environmental
consequences. The research findings reveal that there is a positive correlation between
information technology and telecommunication issues and environmental impact, albeit at a
relatively weak level. However, the use of monitoring and control instruments and electrical
and electronic tools shows a weak negative correlation with environmental impact.
The results also indicate that the predictive power of the independent variables (information
technology and telecommunication issues, monitoring and control instruments, and electrical
and electronic tools) is limited in explaining the variance in environmental impact. Further
investigation and model refinement may be necessary to gain deeper insights into the complex
relationship between these variables.
The research identifies several limitations, including data availability, sample size, and the
scope of the study. Nonetheless, the study contributes valuable insights into the environmental
challenges posed by e-waste in the IT sector and highlights the importance of sustainable e-
waste management practices.

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In conclusion, this research serves as a stepping stone towards a greener and more eco-
conscious digital future. It calls for concerted efforts from stakeholders, including businesses,
policymakers, and individuals, to implement effective e-waste management practices and
contribute to a sustainable IT sector in Sri Lanka.

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CONTENTS
DECLARATION........................................................................................................................................i
ACKNOWLEDGMENT...........................................................................................................................ii
ABSTRACT..............................................................................................................................................iii
CONTENTS...............................................................................................................................................v
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS..................................................................................................................vii
A LIST OF TABLES...............................................................................................................................viii
LIST OF FIGURES..................................................................................................................................xi
CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................1
1.1. Introduction...............................................................................................................................1
1.2. Purpose of research...................................................................................................................2
1.3. Significance of the Research......................................................................................................4
1.4. Research objectives....................................................................................................................5
1.5. Research Sub objectives............................................................................................................6
1.6. Research questions.....................................................................................................................8
1.7. Hypothesis..................................................................................................................................9
1.8. Thesis structure........................................................................................................................10
CHAPTER 1 - Introduction...................................................................................................10
CHAPTER 2 - Literature Review..........................................................................................10
CHAPTER 3 - Methodology.................................................................................................11
CHAPTER 4 - Presentation of Results..................................................................................11
CHAPTER 5 - Conclusions and Recommendations..............................................................12
CHAPTER 2 - LITERATURE REVIEW..............................................................................................13
2.1. Literature Review....................................................................................................................13
2.2. Conceptual framework............................................................................................................17
CHAPTER 3 - METHODOLOGY........................................................................................................18
3.1. Research philosophy................................................................................................................18
3.2. Research approach..................................................................................................................18
3.3. Research strategy.....................................................................................................................19
3.4. Research Choice.......................................................................................................................20
3.5. Time frame...............................................................................................................................20
3.6. Data collection procedures......................................................................................................20
3.6.1. Type of Data.............................................................................................................................21
3.6.2. Data Collection Method...........................................................................................................22
3.6.3. Data Collection and Analyze Tools.........................................................................................23

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3.6.4. Questionnaire structure...........................................................................................................23

3.6.5. Data Storage.............................................................................................................................27
3.7. Target population and sampling.............................................................................................28
3.8. The selection of participants...................................................................................................30
3.9. Reliability, Validity, and Generalizability..............................................................................31
3.10. Ethical issues of the research study........................................................................................32
CHAPTER 4 - PRESENTATION OF RESULTS..................................................................................35
4.1. Demographic Analysis.............................................................................................................35
4.2. Correlation Analysis................................................................................................................37
4.2.1. RO2.........................................................................................................................37
4.2.2. RO3.........................................................................................................................38
4.2.3. RO4.........................................................................................................................39
4.3. Regression Analysis..................................................................................................................39
4.3.1. RO1.........................................................................................................................39
4.3.2. RO2.........................................................................................................................41
4.3.3. RO3.........................................................................................................................43
4.3.4. RO4............................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
CHAPTER 5 - CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS........................................................54
5.1. Conclusion................................................................................................................................54
5.1.1. RO1.........................................................................................................................54
5.1.2. RO2.........................................................................................................................56
5.1.3. RO3.........................................................................................................................58
5.1.4. RO4............................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
5.2. Recommendations....................................................................................................................60
5.3. Limitations...............................................................................................................................61
5.4. Future Improvements..............................................................................................................62
5.5. Personnel Reflection................................................................................................................63
5.5.1. Benefits for the researcher....................................................................................65
5.5.2. Benefits for the Industry/organization.................................................................67
Referencing..............................................................................................................................................69
Annexures................................................................................................................................................72
Annexures A: Glossary of Terms...........................................................................................................72
Annexures B: Sample SPSS Charts/ Table............................................................................................73
Annexures C: Feedback Form / Question list........................................................................................75
Annexures D: Sample Feedback sheets.................................................................................................80

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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
1. IT - Information Technology
2. EI - Environmental Impact
3. ITT - Information Technology and Telecommunications
4. MCI - Monitoring and Control Instrument
5. EET - Electrical and Electronic Tools
6. PVT LTD - Private Limited Company
7. R - Correlation Coefficient
8. R Square - Coefficient of Determination
9. Sig. - Significance
10. N - Sample Size
11. H – Hypothesis
12. E- Waste - Electronic Waste
13. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences
14.

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A LIST OF TABLES
Contents
DECLARATION..........................................................................................................................................i
ACKNOWLEDGMENT.............................................................................................................................ii
ABSTRACT...............................................................................................................................................iii
CONTENTS................................................................................................................................................v
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS.....................................................................................................................vii
A LIST OF TABLES.................................................................................................................................viii
LIST OF FIGURES....................................................................................................................................xi
CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................................1
1.1. Introduction.................................................................................................................................1
1.2. Purpose of research......................................................................................................................2
1.3. Significance of the Research........................................................................................................4
1.4. Research objectives.....................................................................................................................5
1.5. Research Sub objectives..............................................................................................................6
1.6. Research questions......................................................................................................................8
1.7. Hypothesis...................................................................................................................................9
1.8. Thesis structure..........................................................................................................................10
CHAPTER 1 – Introduction..................................................................................................10
CHAPTER 2 - Literature Review..........................................................................................10
CHAPTER 3 – Methodology.................................................................................................11
CHAPTER 4 - Presentation of Results..................................................................................11
CHAPTER 5 - Conclusions and Recommendations..............................................................12
CHAPTER 2 - LITERATURE REVIEW..................................................................................................13
2.1. Literature Review......................................................................................................................13
2.2. Conceptual framework...............................................................................................................17
CHAPTER 3 - METHODOLOGY............................................................................................................18
3.1. Research philosophy..................................................................................................................18
3.2. Research approach.....................................................................................................................18
3.3. Research strategy.......................................................................................................................19
3.4. Research Choice........................................................................................................................20
3.5. Time frame................................................................................................................................20
3.6. Data collection procedures.........................................................................................................20
3.6.1. Type of Data..............................................................................................................................21

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3.6.2. Data Collection Method.............................................................................................................22

3.6.3. Data Collection and Analyze Tools............................................................................................23
3.6.4. Questionnaire structure..............................................................................................................23
i. Data Storage..............................................................................................................................27
b. Target population and sampling.................................................................................................28
c. The selection of participants......................................................................................................30
d. Reliability, Validity, and Generalizability..................................................................................31
e. Ethical issues of the research study............................................................................................32
CHAPTER 4 - PRESENTATION OF RESULTS......................................................................................35
a. Demographic Analysis...............................................................................................................35
b. Correlation Analysis..................................................................................................................37
i. RO1.................................................................................................................................37
ii. RO2.................................................................................................................................38
iii. RO3.............................................................................................................................39
c. Regression Analysis...................................................................................................................39
i. RO1.................................................................................................................................39
ii. RO2.................................................................................................................................41
iii. RO3.............................................................................................................................43
d. Reliability Analysis....................................................................................................................45
i. RO1.................................................................................................................................46
ii. RO2.................................................................................................................................46
iii. RO3.............................................................................................................................47
4.5. Descriptive Analysis..................................................................................................................48
4.5.1. RO1..........................................................................................................................48
4.5.2. RO2..........................................................................................................................50
4.5.3. RO3..........................................................................................................................52
CHAPTER 5 - CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS.............................................................54
a. Conclusion.................................................................................................................................54
i. RO1.................................................................................................................................54
ii. RO2.................................................................................................................................56
iii. RO3.............................................................................................................................58
b. Recommendations.....................................................................................................................60
c. Limitations.................................................................................................................................61
d. Future Improvements.................................................................................................................62
e. Personnel Reflection..................................................................................................................63
i. Benefits for the researcher..............................................................................................65

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ii. Benefits for the Industry/organization............................................................................67

Referencing...............................................................................................................................................69
Annexures.................................................................................................................................................72
Annexures A: Glossary of Terms...........................................................................................................72
Annexures B: Sample SPSS Charts/ Table............................................................................................73
Annexures C: Feedback Form / Question list........................................................................................75
Annexures D: Sample Feedback sheets.................................................................................................80

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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1Research onion.................................................................................................................15
Figure 2 Conceptual framework....................................................................................................17
Figure 3Gender pie chart...............................................................................................................35
Figure 4 age pie chart....................................................................................................................35
Figure 5Profetional background pie chart.....................................................................................36
Figure 6 Sample SPSS charts..........................................................................................................73
Figure 7 Sample SPSS charts..........................................................................................................73
Figure 8 Sample SPSS chart............................................................................................................74
Figure 9 Question list.....................................................................................................................75
Figure 10 Question list...................................................................................................................75
Figure 22 Feedback sheets.............................................................................................................80
Figure 23 Feedback sheets.............................................................................................................80

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CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION
1.1. Introduction
The rapid growth of the IT sector in Sri Lanka has brought about numerous benefits, driving
innovation, economic growth, and connectivity. However, this digital transformation has
also led to a significant rise in electronic waste (e-waste), posing environmental challenges
that demand urgent attention. The improper handling and disposal of e-waste can result in
severe consequences, including soil and water contamination, health hazards, and
greenhouse gas emissions.
The purpose of this research is to conduct a comprehensive study on the environmental

impact of e-waste management in the IT sector of Sri Lanka. The study will focus on
evaluating current e-waste management practices within the IT industry, exploring their
effectiveness in minimizing environmental harm, and identifying potential areas for
improvement.
Research Objectives:
 To assess the environmental impact of e-waste generated by the IT sector in Sri

Lanka.
 To examine the existing e-waste management practices employed by IT companies

and organizations in Sri Lanka.
 To identify the challenges and barriers faced in the proper disposal and recycling of
e-waste in the IT sector.
 To explore the awareness and attitudes of IT professionals and consumers towards

sustainable e-waste management practices.
 To propose sustainable strategies and policy recommendations for enhancing e-waste

management practices in the IT sector, thereby reducing its environmental impact.
CRP/2021/22/Remote working

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Research Questions:
 What is the current status of e-waste generation in the IT sector in Sri Lanka, and
what are its environmental implications?
 What are the prevailing e-waste management practices adopted by IT companies in

Sri Lanka, and how effective are they in mitigating environmental harm?
 What are the main challenges and obstacles hindering proper e-waste disposal and
recycling in the IT sector?
 How aware and responsive are IT professionals and consumers in Sri Lanka
regarding sustainable e-waste management practices?
 How can the IT sector in Sri Lanka enhance its e-waste management practices to
minimize its environmental impact effectively?
By conducting in-depth interviews, surveys, and a comprehensive literature review, this

research aims to provide valuable insights into the environmental impact of e-waste
management in Sri Lanka's IT sector. The findings of this study will contribute to the
development of sustainable and practical strategies to promote responsible e-waste
management practices, fostering a greener and more sustainable future for the IT industry in
the country.
1.2. Purpose of research

The purpose of this research is to study and analyze the environmental impact of e-waste
management practices in the IT sector of Sri Lanka. With the rapid growth and adoption of
information technology in the country, electronic waste has become a significant concern, as
improper handling and disposal can lead to detrimental effects on the environment, public
health, and natural resources.
This research seeks to achieve the following objectives:

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Assess the extent of e-waste generation in the IT sector of Sri Lanka and understand its
environmental implications, including potential contributions to pollution and resource
depletion.
Evaluate the existing e-waste management practices employed by IT companies and

organizations in Sri Lanka, examining their effectiveness in minimizing environmental
harm and adherence to sustainable practices.
Identify the key challenges and barriers faced by the IT industry in implementing proper e-
waste disposal and recycling methods, as well as the awareness levels among stakeholders
regarding sustainable e-waste management.
Explore the attitudes and perceptions of IT professionals and consumers towards responsible
e-waste management, including their knowledge of environmental impacts and willingness
to adopt eco-friendly practices.
Propose practical and sustainable strategies, along with policy recommendations, to improve
e-waste management practices in the IT sector of Sri Lanka, aiming to reduce its
environmental footprint and foster a culture of responsible electronic waste disposal.
Through the implementation of surveys, interviews, and a thorough review of existing

literature, this research endeavors to provide valuable insights into the current state of e-
waste management in the IT sector of Sri Lanka. By highlighting the environmental
challenges and opportunities for improvement, the study aims to contribute to the
formulation of effective measures and policies that can help mitigate the negative impact of
e-waste on the environment and promote a more sustainable and eco-conscious IT industry
in the country. Ultimately, the research strives to support efforts towards a greener and
healthier future, where digital advancements align harmoniously with environmental
preservation and resource conservation.

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1.3. Significance of the Research

The research on the environmental impact of e-waste management in the IT sector in Sri
Lanka holds significant importance due to several compelling reasons:
Environmental Conservation: E-waste is a major environmental hazard, containing toxic

substances that can contaminate soil, water, and air if not disposed of properly. Understanding
the environmental impact of e-waste in the IT sector is crucial for developing effective
strategies to minimize pollution, conserve natural resources, and protect Sri Lanka's delicate
ecosystems.
Public Health and Safety: Improper e-waste disposal can lead to health risks for communities
residing near waste disposal sites or involved in informal recycling processes. By identifying
the current e-waste management practices and their potential consequences, the research can
help raise awareness about the health hazards associated with e-waste and support efforts to
safeguard public well-being.
Sustainable Development: Sri Lanka, like many other countries, aims to achieve sustainable
development goals. The research findings can contribute to the formulation of sustainable
policies and practices in the IT sector, aligning the country's digital growth with
environmental stewardship, thus supporting the nation's broader sustainable development
agenda.
Business and Industry Impact: The IT sector plays a significant role in Sri Lanka's economy,
and e-waste management practices can impact the industry's reputation, regulatory
compliance, and corporate social responsibility. This research can provide valuable insights to
IT companies, enabling them to adopt responsible e-waste management practices and
enhance their environmental performance.
Policy Formulation: The research outcomes can serve as a foundation for policymakers and
government agencies to develop or amend regulations concerning e-waste management in the
IT sector. Implementing more robust policies can create a conducive environment for proper
e-waste disposal, recycling, and sustainable practices across the industry.

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Knowledge Advancement: As a relatively understudied area in Sri Lanka, the research

contributes to the body of knowledge on e-waste management, especially within the context
of the IT sector. The findings can add to the global understanding of e-waste challenges and
solutions and may inspire further research and innovation in this field.
Global Sustainability Efforts: E-waste is a global issue, and Sri Lanka's efforts to address this
challenge can align with international efforts to combat e-waste and promote environmentally
responsible practices. The research can inspire best practices and collaboration between Sri
Lanka and other nations working towards a more sustainable digital future.
In summary, the significance of this research lies in its potential to improve e-waste
management practices in the IT sector of Sri Lanka, thereby contributing to environmental
conservation, public health, sustainable development, and the nation's overall well-being. By
highlighting the importance of responsible e-waste disposal, the study aims to foster a greener
and more sustainable digital transformation in the country and make a positive impact on
local and global environmental concerns.
1.4. Research objectives

The research objectives for the study on the environmental impact of e-waste related to
telecommunication devices, monitoring and controlling instruments, and electrical and
electronic tools are as follows:
RO1: To identify the impact of telecommunication devices related to e-waste on the

environment.
This objective aims to assess the environmental implications of e-waste generated from
telecommunication devices such as smartphones, routers, and communication equipment. The
research will investigate the extent of e-waste produced by these devices and the potential
environmental consequences, including pollution, resource depletion, and climate change
impact.
RO2: To identify the impact of Monitoring and controlling instrument-related e-waste on the
environment.

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This objective focuses on understanding the environmental impact of e-waste generated from
monitoring and control instruments used in various industrial and commercial applications.
The research will examine the environmental consequences of disposing of these instruments
improperly and explore ways to mitigate their impact on ecosystems and human health.
RO3: To identify the impact of Electrical and electronic tools related to e-waste on the
environment.
This objective aims to evaluate the environmental impact of e-waste originating from
electrical and electronic tools commonly used in households and industries. The research will
analyze the disposal and recycling practices for these tools and their implications on the
environment, with a focus on promoting sustainable waste management solutions.
By achieving these research objectives, the study aims to provide a comprehensive

understanding of the environmental impact of e-waste from different sources within the IT
sector. The findings will contribute to the development of effective strategies for minimizing
the environmental footprint of e-waste in Sri Lanka, promoting responsible e-waste
management practices, and fostering a more sustainable approach to digital transformation.
1.5. Research Sub objectives
Sub-Objective 1.1: To quantify the volume of e-waste generated by telecommunication

devices in the IT sector in Sri Lanka over a specified time period. This sub-objective aims to
provide a clear understanding of the scale of e-waste produced by telecommunication
devices, helping to assess its environmental impact.
Sub-Objective 1.2: To analyze the composition of e-waste from telecommunication

devices, identifying the types of electronic components and hazardous materials present.
This sub-objective will help assess potential risks associated with improper disposal and
guide strategies for responsible recycling and resource recovery.
Sub-Objective 1.3: To investigate the current e-waste management practices employed by

the telecommunication sector in Sri Lanka. This sub-objective aims to understand how
telecommunication companies handle their e-waste and identify areas for improvement to
minimize environmental harm.

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Sub-Objective 2.1: To assess the environmental consequences of e-waste generated from

monitoring and controlling instruments used in various industries. This sub-objective will
examine the potential risks of environmental pollution and resource depletion caused by
improper disposal of these instruments.
Sub-Objective 2.2: To identify the specific types of monitoring and controlling instruments
contributing most significantly to e-waste in the IT sector. This sub-objective will help
prioritize areas for intervention and encourage the adoption of more sustainable instrument
designs.
Sub-Objective 2.3: To explore the challenges and opportunities in implementing

sustainable e-waste management practices for monitoring and controlling instruments. This
sub-objective will identify potential barriers and inform the development of effective
strategies to enhance e-waste management in this domain.
Sub-Objective 3.1: To quantify the amount of e-waste generated by electrical and

electronic tools used in households and industries in Sri Lanka. This sub-objective aims to
understand the scope of e-waste produced by these tools and their contribution to the overall
environmental impact.
Sub-Objective 3.2: To examine the practices of consumers and industries in handling end-
of-life electrical and electronic tools, including disposal and recycling methods. This sub-
objective will shed light on the current state of e-waste management for these tools and
inform approaches for improvement.
Sub-Objective 3.3: To investigate the level of awareness and willingness among consumers
and industries to adopt sustainable e-waste management practices for electrical and
electronic tools. This sub-objective will gauge attitudes and perceptions, offering insights
for targeted awareness campaigns and educational initiatives.
By addressing these research sub-objectives, the study aims to provide a detailed and
comprehensive analysis of the environmental impact of e-waste in the IT sector in Sri

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Lanka, allowing for the formulation of effective and practical strategies to mitigate its
adverse effects on the environment.
1.6. Research questions

The research questions for the study on the environmental impact of e-waste management in
the IT sector in Sri Lanka are as follows:
RQ1: What is the impact of e-waste management on telecommunication devices related e-

waste on the environment?
This research question aims to investigate how e-waste management practices for
telecommunication devices, such as smartphones and communication equipment, affect the
environment. It seeks to understand the environmental consequences of different e-waste
management approaches and identify ways to minimize the impact on the environment.
RQ2: What is the impact of e-waste management on monitoring and control instrument-
related e-waste on the environment?
This research question focuses on assessing the environmental impact of e-waste
management practices for monitoring and control instruments used in various industrial and
commercial sectors. It aims to determine the effectiveness of current management strategies
and explore opportunities for sustainable waste handling to reduce environmental harm.
RQ3: What is the impact of e-waste management on electrical and electronic tools related
e-waste on the environment?
This research question investigates the environmental impact of e-waste generated by
electrical and electronic tools commonly used in households and industries. It aims to
evaluate existing e-waste management practices for these tools and suggest improvements
to minimize their environmental footprint.
By addressing these research questions, the study aims to provide valuable insights into the
environmental implications of e-waste generated from telecommunication devices,
monitoring and control instruments, and electrical and electronic tools. The findings will
contribute to the development of effective strategies for responsible e-waste management in

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the IT sector in Sri Lanka, promoting environmental sustainability and fostering a greener
and more eco-conscious approach to digital transformation.
1.7. Hypothesis
Research Hypotheses:
Hypothesis for H1:

The increasing use of telecommunication devices in the IT sector in Sri Lanka leads to a
corresponding increase in e-waste production, resulting in a negative impact on the
environment. Proper e-waste management practices, including responsible disposal and
recycling of telecommunication devices, will significantly reduce their environmental
impact.
Hypothesis for H2:

The use of monitoring and control instruments in various industrial and commercial
applications contributes to a substantial amount of e-waste generation, resulting in adverse
effects on the environment. Implementing effective e-waste management strategies, such as
proper disposal and recycling, can help mitigate the negative environmental consequences
associated with monitoring and controlling instruments.
Hypothesis for H3:

Electrical and electronic tools commonly used in households and industries are significant
contributors to e-waste in the IT sector of Sri Lanka, leading to adverse environmental
impacts. Promoting the adoption of sustainable and eco-friendly electrical and electronic
tools, coupled with effective e-waste management practices, can help reduce the overall
environmental burden of e-waste from these tools.
By formulating these research hypotheses, the study aims to test and validate the
assumptions regarding the environmental impact of e-waste from different sources within
the IT sector in Sri Lanka. The results will contribute to a deeper understanding of the
relationship between e-waste management practices and their consequences on the
environment, helping to inform effective strategies for minimizing environmental harm and
fostering a more sustainable digital transformation.

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1.8. Thesis structure
CHAPTER 1 – Introduction
The rapid growth of the IT sector in Sri Lanka has brought numerous benefits but also
resulted in a pressing environmental issue - electronic waste (e-waste). This thesis aims to
study the environmental impact of e-waste management practices in the IT sector, focusing
on telecommunication devices, monitoring instruments, and electrical tools. The research
seeks to identify challenges, propose effective strategies, and contribute to a sustainable
digital transformation. The study will use a mixed-methods approach, collecting data through
surveys and interviews to understand e-waste's environmental implications and explore
perspectives on responsible disposal. Ultimately, the research aims to foster eco-friendly
practices and environmental sustainability within the IT sector in Sri Lanka.
CHAPTER 2 - Literature Review

The introduction provides an overview of e-waste and its environmental impact,
highlighting the need for effective e-waste management practices in the IT sector. The
challenges faced in managing e-waste globally and the significance of sustainable practices
in the IT industry are emphasized.
The review of existing literature reveals the limited research on e-waste management in the
IT sector in Sri Lanka. It identifies specific gaps in the literature, particularly in
understanding the environmental impact of e-waste from various sources within the IT
sector.
Theoretical frameworks and concepts such as circular economy principles, life cycle
assessment, waste hierarchy, and environmental behavior theories are identified as relevant
to the study's context.
Overall, the literature review emphasizes the importance of addressing e-waste in the IT
sector, particularly in Sri Lanka, and the need for targeted research on specific sources of e-
waste. It sets the stage for the current study to investigate the environmental implications of
e-waste from telecommunication devices, monitoring and control instruments, and electrical

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and electronic tools in the IT sector of Sri Lanka. By integrating theoretical frameworks,
this research aims to contribute valuable insights to sustainable e-waste management
practices in the country.
CHAPTER 3 – Methodology
This chapter outlines the methodology adopted for the research on the environmental impact
of e-waste management in the IT sector in Sri Lanka. The research philosophy selected is
Interpretivism, aligning well with the objective of understanding stakeholders' perspectives
on e-waste management. The research approach is Deductive, starting with a general theory
and collecting specific data to test hypotheses. The research strategies employed are Survey
and Case Study, with a focus on quantitative and qualitative data collection methods. The
data collection procedures involve using a structured questionnaire and ensuring data
storage and analysis integrity. The target population consists of IT professionals at Epic
Lanka PVT LTD, and Snowball sampling is used to select participants. Ethical
considerations, reliability, validity, and generalizability are carefully addressed in the study
to ensure credible and trustworthy findings.
CHAPTER 4 - Presentation of Results

The analysis of the research data revealed valuable insights into the participants'
perspectives on e-waste management practices in the IT sector in Sri Lanka. The
demographic analysis showed a balanced gender distribution and a significant
representation from the 26-35 age group, with most participants holding a Technology/IT
education background. The correlation analysis indicated a very strong positive relationship
between Information technology and Environmental Impact, while Monitoring and
Environmental Impact had a very weak negative correlation. Similarly, Electrical tools and
Environmental Impact also showed a very weak negative relationship, albeit with a close-to-
significant p-value. Regression analysis did not find a significant relationship between the
studied variables and Environmental Impact. The reliability analysis demonstrated that the
data collected for Information technology, Monitoring and control instruments, and
Electrical and electronic tools were reliable. These findings provide essential groundwork
for understanding the perspectives and practices of various stakeholders in the IT sector
regarding e-waste management in Sri Lanka.

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CHAPTER 5 - Conclusions and Recommendations
The research examined the environmental impact of e-waste management in the IT sector at
Epic Lanka PVT LTD. Three independent variables were analyzed: Information Technology
and Telecommunication issue, Monitoring and Control Instrument issue, and Electrical and
Electronic Tools issue. The conclusions revealed weak positive relationships between
Information Technology and Telecommunication issues and Environmental Impact, and very
weak negative relationships between Monitoring and Control Instrument issues and
Environmental Impact. The relationship between Electrical and Electronic Tools and
Environmental Impact was weakly positive but not statistically significant. The study
recommended strengthening e-waste management policies, raising awareness on responsible
disposal, supporting research and innovation in e-waste recycling, and promoting green
procurement practices. Public-private partnerships and circular economy principles were also
suggested for sustainable e-waste management in Sri Lanka's IT sector.

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CHAPTER 2 - LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1. Literature Review
1. Introduction to E-Waste and Environmental Impact:
Electronic waste, commonly known as e-waste, refers to discarded electronic and electrical
devices, including smartphones, computers, appliances, and other IT equipment. The rapid
growth of the IT sector has led to a substantial increase in e-waste generation worldwide,
posing significant environmental challenges. E-waste contains hazardous substances such as
lead, mercury, cadmium, and brominated flame retardants, which can leach into the
environment if not properly managed. Studies have shown that improper disposal and
recycling of e-waste can lead to soil and water contamination, air pollution, and adverse
effects on human health and ecosystems.
2. E-Waste Management Practices and Challenges:
E-waste management is a complex and multifaceted process that involves collection,

transportation, treatment, and disposal or recycling. However, various challenges hinder
effective e-waste management globally. Limited awareness among consumers and industries
about the environmental impact of e-waste, inadequate infrastructure for collection and
recycling, and the presence of informal recycling practices are among the major challenges.
Additionally, the transboundary movement of e-waste and the lack of harmonized regulations
pose significant hurdles to managing e-waste sustainably.
3. E-Waste Management in the IT Sector:
The IT sector is a major contributor to e-waste due to the constant upgrading of devices, rapid
technological advancements, and short product lifecycles. Studies have highlighted the need
for the IT sector to adopt circular economy principles, prolong the lifespan of electronic
devices through repair and refurbishment, and promote responsible disposal and recycling.
Companies in the IT sector can play a crucial role in setting e-waste management standards

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and implementing eco-friendly design principles to reduce the environmental impact of their
products.
4. Studies on E-Waste Management in Sri Lanka:
While e-waste management is gaining attention globally, studies specific to Sri Lanka's IT
sector remain limited. Research conducted in other countries indicates the importance of
raising awareness about e-waste management and implementing extended producer
responsibility (EPR) programs to shift the responsibility of e-waste management from
consumers to manufacturers. Similar initiatives could be beneficial in Sri Lanka to promote
sustainable e-waste management practices.
5. Gaps in Existing Literature:
The existing literature on e-waste management in the IT sector in Sri Lanka has identified
several gaps. These include limited studies focusing on the environmental impact of e-waste
from specific sources within the IT sector, such as telecommunication devices, monitoring
and control instruments, and electrical and electronic tools. Addressing these gaps is crucial
for developing targeted strategies to mitigate the environmental impact of e-waste from these
sources.
6. Theoretical Frameworks and Concepts:
Various theoretical frameworks and concepts are relevant to the study of e-waste management
and environmental impact. Circular economy principles, life cycle assessment (LCA), and the
waste hierarchy are concepts that guide sustainable e-waste management practices.
Additionally, theories related to environmental behavior, public awareness, and behavior
change can be applied to understand stakeholders' attitudes and behaviors towards e-waste
management.
In conclusion, the literature review highlights the global importance of addressing the
environmental impact of e-waste and the need for sustainable e-waste management practices
in the IT sector. It also emphasizes the gaps in existing literature specific to the Sri Lankan

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context, paving the way for the current research to focus on the environmental implications of
e-waste from telecommunication devices, monitoring and control instruments, and electrical
and electronic tools in Sri Lanka's IT sector. By integrating theoretical frameworks and
concepts, this study aims to contribute to the understanding of effective strategies to
minimize the environmental footprint of e-waste in the country.
Research onion
Figure 1Research onion
There are six major layers.

1. Research philosophy.
2. Research approaches.
3. Research strategies.
4. Choices
5. The horizon
6. Techniques and procedures.
Main Six layers can be categories like this,

 Research Philosophy: Positivism, Interpretivism, Realism

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 Research Approaches: Deductive, Inductive

 Research Strategies: Experiment, Survey, Case Study, Grounded Theory,
Ethnography, Observation, Action Research
 Choices:- Mono method, Multi method, Mixed method.
 Time Horizons: Cross-sectional, Longitudinal,
 Data Collection Methods: Sampling, Secondary Data, Observation, Questionnaire.
2.2. Conceptual framework
Figure 2 Conceptual framework

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CHAPTER 3 - METHODOLOGY
3.1. Research philosophy
Research Philosophy is categories of this three ways, Positivism, Interpretivism, Realism.
Author select of this research philosophy as Interpretivism.
Author choosing Interpretivism as the research philosophy for study on the environmental
impact of e-waste management in the IT sector in Sri Lanka is appropriate and valid.
Interpretivism aligns well with the research objectives of gaining insights into the meanings,
perspectives, and experiences of individuals and groups involved in e-waste management
practices. As an interpretivist researcher, will focus on understanding the subjective
viewpoints of IT companies, consumers, and industries, and how they interpret and perceive
the environmental impact of e-waste.
Since Interpretivism emphasizes qualitative methods such as interviews and focus groups, it
will allow to explore the lived experiences and beliefs of participants regarding e-waste
management practices and the environmental consequences. This approach is particularly
suitable when the research topic involves complex and context-specific issues, as is the case
with environmental impact and waste management practices.
By adopting Interpretivism as the research philosophy, will actively engage with the data,
interpret the meanings attributed by participants to e-waste management, and present a
nuanced understanding of the topic. This philosophy is well-suited to capturing the multiple
perspectives and nuances surrounding the environmental impact of e-waste in the IT sector,
providing valuable insights for study.
In summary, selecting Interpretivism as the research philosophy for author's research is a

valid choice, and it will enable author to delve deeply into the subjective experiences and
perceptions of stakeholders related to e-waste management in the IT sector in Sri Lanka.

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3.2. Research approach

Inductive Research Approach:
The inductive research approach involves starting the research process with specific
observations or data and then working towards developing broader theories or
generalizations. It is a bottom-up approach where the researcher begins with collecting and
analyzing data to identify patterns, themes, and insights. From these specific findings, the
researcher formulates theories or general principles that can be applied to a broader context.
Inductive reasoning allows for the generation of new knowledge and theories based on
empirical observations.
Deductive Research Approach:

The deductive research approach, on the other hand, begins with a general theory or
hypothesis, and then specific observations or data are collected and analyzed to test and
confirm or refute the theory. It is a top-down approach where the researcher starts with a
theoretical framework and aims to gather evidence to support or reject the initial hypothesis.
Deductive reasoning is commonly used in quantitative research, where data is collected to
test existing theories or hypotheses.
For this research on the environmental impact of e-waste management in the IT sector
in Sri Lanka, the most appropriate research approach would be the Deductive Research
Approach. This is because study aims to explore and understand the environmental
implications of e-waste management practices, and the inductive approach will allow to
gather specific data and insights to develop broader conclusions and patterns related to the
topic.
3.3. Research strategy

There are seven strategies in the research strategy:
1. Experiment
2. Survey
3. Case study
4. Action research
5. Grounded theory
6. Ethnography

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7. Archival research
But Survey and case study are used as the research strategies.
A case study is a comprehensive, in-depth research of a specific subject, such as a group, a
person, an event, an organization, a phenomenon, or an issue. This study examines the topic
in depth in order to have a thorough understanding of challenges in the actual world. The
goal here is to get in-depth knowledge within the context of the study, not to generalize the
conclusions (necessarily). A survey on the political views of a certain group of people, for
example, must evaluate the current political environment inside a country as well as factors
that may contribute to participants holding a particular viewpoint.
3.4. Research Choice

Mono method, Mixed method and multi-method are the research choices. From these three
methods, mono method is used from this research.
Mono method: -
Mono-method The mono-method collects only one type of information from qualitative and
quantitative sources. Might have to do it because the philosophy requires it. Philosophical
choices and techniques employed may also necessitate it. This method can also be used to
conduct research on the opposing viewpoint that exists in the mono-method.
(www.allassignmenthelp.co.uk ,2023)
3.5. Time frame

Timeframe: The specific time frame within which the research will be conducted, such as
cross-sectional or longitudinal.
3.6. Data collection procedures
The data collection procedures outline the step-by-step process of gathering data for this
research on the environmental impact of e-waste management in the IT sector in Sri Lanka.
These procedures describe how Aouthor will implement the data collection method
(questionnaire) to obtain the necessary information to address this research objectives and
answer the research questions.

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Data Collection Procedures:
Questionnaire:
a. Firstly Author Prepared the Questionnaire: Designed a structured questionnaire with clear
and relevant questions related to e-waste management and its environmental impact.
Included closed-ended questions with rating scales to quantify attitudes and practices.
b. Pilot Test: Conducted a pilot test with a small group of participants to assess the clarity,
relevance, and effectiveness of the questionnaire. Made necessary revisions based on the
pilot feedback.
c. Sample Selection: Used probability or stratified random sampling to selected a

representative sample of Epic Lanka PVT LTD employees for the questionnaire.
d. Data Collection: Administer the questionnaire to the selected participants either in person,
through email, or an online survey platform. Explained the purpose of the research and
obtain informed consent.
e. Data Entry: Enter the collected questionnaire data into a spreadsheet or statistical
software for analysis.
f. Data Analysis: Use the Quectionair and that data input the SPSS sowtware for analisys the
data.
3.6.1. Type of Data

As mentioned earlier, the type of data will be collecting for this research on the
environmental impact of e-waste management in the IT sector in Sri Lanka is quantitative
data. Quantitative data is numerical data that can be measured and analyzed using statistical
methods.

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The quantitative data in the study will be obtained primarily through the structured
questionnaire that will administer to IT company, employees. The questionnaire will include
closed-ended questions with Likert scales to collect standardized and quantifiable responses.
Examples of the type of quantitative data the author collect include:
This will allow this to draw conclusions, identify trends, and make data-driven
recommendations related to the environmental implications of e-waste management in the IT
sector in Sri Lanka. Quantitative data provides a structured and objective basis for this
research findings, helping to add precision and rigor to this study.
3.6.2. Data Collection Method

The data collection method for this research on the environmental impact of e-waste
management in the IT sector in Sri Lanka is primarily the questionnaire. A questionnaire is a
structured data collection instrument that consists of a series of pre-defined questions to
gather information from respondents.
The questionnaire be used to collect quantitative data from Epic Lanka PVT LTD . It
includes closed-ended questions, such as Likert scales, which will generate numerical data
that can be analyzed using statistical methods.
Advantages of using a questionnaire as the data collection method:
Efficiency: Questionnaires allow for efficient data collection as they can be distributed to a
large number of participants simultaneously.
Standardization: Closed-ended questions in the questionnaire provide standardized

response options, ensuring consistency in data collection.
Quantifiability: The questionnaire generates quantitative data, making it easy to measure

and analyze responses numerically.

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Anonymity: Participants can respond anonymously to sensitive questions, promoting honest

and candid answers.
Cost-effectiveness: Compared to other data collection methods like interviews or focus

groups, questionnaires are often more cost-effective, especially for large samples.
However, the questionnaire is the data collected method author used.

In summary, the data collection method for this research is the questionnaire,
which collect quantitative data to address research objectives and answer the research
questions.
3.6.3. Data Collection and Analyze Tools

The author collects the data using Questionnaire, and after that, collects data input Excel
sheet and analyzed that data using the SPSS tool.
3.6.4. Questionnaire structure
Variable Indicators Measuremen

t
IV 1 Information 1. Proper e-waste Questioner

technology (IT) and
management for IT and
telecommunication
s telecommunications devices
is essential for our
organization.
2. I am not satisfied with the

current procedures in place
for the responsible disposal of
IT and telecommunications
equipment.
3. Our organization is

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successful in
minimizing e-waste
generation from IT and
telecommunications
devices.
4. I am highly aware of
the environmental
impact of improper
disposal of IT and
telecommunications
devices.
5. I am confident in my
knowledge about the
best practices for
recycling and disposing
of e-waste related to IT
and
telecommunications.
IV 2 Monitoring Question 1 The organization Questioner

and control
regularly assesses the lifespan
instrument
and functionality of
monitoring and control
instruments.
Question 2. Our company has
not established methods for
properly disposing or
recycling outdated monitoring
and control instruments.
Question 3. The organization
invests in the latest
instruments to improve
efficiency and reduce

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environmental impact.
Question 4. There are
sufficient resources allocated
for the maintenance and
repair of monitoring and
control instruments.
5. The organization
encourages employees to
report any issues or
malfunctions with monitoring
and control instruments to
ensure timely interventions.
IV 3 Electrical and 1. The usage of energy- Questioner
electronic tools
efficient electrical and
electronic tools positively
contributes to reducing our
organization's environmental
impact.
2. Proper
maintenance and
repair of electrical
and electronic tools
help extend their
lifespan and
decrease e-waste
generation.
3. The organization's
efforts to dispose of
end-of-life electrical
responsibly
significantly lessen
their environmental
impact.

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4. Investing in newer
and more
sustainable electrical
is essential for
minimizing our
overall
environmental
footprint.
5. The organization's
commitment to using
environmentally
friendly electrical
aligns with our goal
of being
environmentally
responsible.
DV 01. Proper e-waste Questioner
- Environment
management
impact
practices can
significantly reduce
the environmental
impact of our
organization.
2. I am highly aware
of the potential
environmental
consequences of
improper disposal or
recycling of
electronic waste (e-
waste).
3. I strongly believe

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that the current e-

waste management
practices in our
organization have a
positive impact on
the environment.
4. The organization
consistently adheres
to environmental
regulations and
guidelines
concerning e-waste
management.
5. I am extremely
confident that the
organization's e-
waste management
practices contribute
significantly to
environmental
sustainability.
Table 1 Questionnaire structure
1. Data Storage
Data storage is a critical aspect of the research on the environmental impact of e-waste
management in the IT sector in Sri Lanka. Proper data storage ensures the security,
confidentiality, and accessibility of the collected data throughout the research process and
even after the study is completed. If some key considerations for data storage:
Data Security: Protect the data from unauthorized access, manipulation, or loss. Use secure
storage methods to prevent data breaches and maintain the confidentiality of participants'
responses.

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Backup and Redundancy: Create regular backups of the data to avoid data loss due to
hardware failure, software issues, or other unforeseen circumstances. Consider using
multiple storage locations to ensure data redundancy.
Access Control: Limit access to the data to authorized research team members only. Use
passwords and encryption to protect sensitive data, especially if the data contains personally
identifiable information (PII).
Anonymity and Pseudonymization: Ensure that any identifiable information is removed or

pseudonymized to maintain the privacy of participants. Use codes or identifiers instead of
actual names in the dataset.
Data Organization: Organize the data in a structured manner to facilitate easy retrieval and
analysis. Use appropriate naming conventions and folder structures for different data
components.
Data Retention: Comply with ethical guidelines and institutional policies regarding data
retention. Keep the data for the required duration and dispose of it properly when it is no
longer needed.
Institutional Guidelines: Adhere to any specific data storage guidelines or policies

provided by your institution or research ethics board.
Data Transfer: If data is shared with other researchers or institutions, ensure secure and
encrypted transfer methods to maintain data integrity.
Data Cleaning and Quality Assurance: Regularly review and clean the data to check for
inconsistencies, errors, or missing values before storage.

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Author used data storage method as Secure Cloud Storage. Use a reputable and secure
cloud storage service to store the collected data. Cloud storage offers several advantages,
including data redundancy, accessibility from multiple locations, and data security measures
provided by the service provider. Ensure that the cloud storage service you choose encrypts
the data both during transmission and while at rest.
By implementing these data storage measures, you can safeguard the security,
confidentiality, and accessibility of the collected data throughout the research process. This
responsible approach to data storage enhances the credibility and integrity of your research
findings on the environmental impact of e-waste management in the IT sector.
b. Target population and sampling

The population is the set or group of all the units to which the research findings will be
applied. 44 people were selected in this research and the Morgan table was used for that.
Table 2 Morgan table

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Sampling
A statistic is a measurable attribute of a sample that includes one or more observations
collected from the population. The process of picking a sample from a population is known
as sampling. For example, some Sri Lankans are a sample of the population.
( (byjus.com),2022)
Basically, there are two types of sampling. They are:
• Probability
• Non-probability
1. Probability sampling
• Simple random sampling
• Cluster sampling
• Systematic sampling
• Stratified random sampling
2. Non-probability sampling
• Convenience sampling
• Judgmental or purposive sampling
• Snowball sampling
• Quota sampling
Non-probability sampling method used for the data collection in this research, and selected
the Snowball sampling technique to collect data from the employees.
Snowball sampling, also known as chain-referral sampling, is a non-probability sampling
approach in which the samples have uncommon characteristics. This is a sampling approach
in which existing individuals refer new subjects to be recruited for a research study.
c. The selection of participants
With the IT Sector at Epic Lanka PVT LTD identified as the target population, the sampling
approach will be tailored to this specific group of professionals involved in e-waste

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management and IT operations. Given the nature of the research topic and the organization's
size, a combination of random and purposive sampling may be appropriate. Random
sampling can be applied to select participants from the larger pool of IT professionals at
Epic Lanka, ensuring equal representation and reducing selection bias.
Next, purposive sampling can be utilized to identify key stakeholders or experts in e-waste
management within the IT Sector. These individuals can provide valuable insights and in-
depth knowledge about the organization's e-waste practices and their potential impact on the
environment. Careful consideration of inclusion and exclusion criteria will help ensure that
the selected participants possess the necessary expertise and experience relevant to the
research objectives.
Ethical considerations will be at the forefront throughout the participant selection process.
Researchers will seek informed consent from all participants, explaining the research's
purpose, procedures, and data usage. Confidentiality and data protection measures will be
strictly adhered to, safeguarding the privacy of the participants and any sensitive
information disclosed during the study.
The ultimate goal of this carefully designed sampling process is to achieve a representative
and relevant sample from the IT Sector at Epic Lanka PVT LTD. By thoughtfully
considering the different sampling methods and ethical considerations, the research study
will yield reliable, valid, and actionable findings that can contribute to environmental
sustainability efforts within the organization and the broader IT industry.
d. Reliability, Validity, and Generalizability
In the context of the research study on the environmental impact of e-waste management in
the IT sector at Epic Lanka PVT LTD, several important considerations are relevant regarding
reliability, validity, and generalizability of the findings:
1. Reliability: Reliability refers to the consistency and stability of the research findings. To
ensure reliability, researchers should employ consistent data collection methods, use reliable

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measurement tools, and replicate the study if possible. For instance, using standardized
questionnaires and conducting pilot tests can enhance the reliability of the data collected.
2. Validity: Validity pertains to the accuracy and truthfulness of the research findings. In this
study, it is essential to ensure that the measurements and instruments used are valid and
appropriate for assessing the intended constructs. For example, if the research is using Likert
scale questions to measure environmental impact and e-waste management practices, the
questions should be valid indicators of these constructs.
3. Internal Validity: Internal validity relates to whether the study design and methodology
adequately support the conclusion that the independent variables (e.g., ITT, MCI, EET) have
a causal effect on the dependent variable (environmental impact). Ensuring internal validity
involves controlling for confounding variables and using appropriate experimental or quasi-
experimental designs.
4. External Validity: External validity concerns the extent to which the research findings can
be generalized to other settings or populations beyond the study's specific sample (Epic
Lanka PVT LTD). To enhance external validity, researchers should consider the
representativeness of the sample and carefully describe the study context and population.
5. Sampling Methods: The choice of sampling method can significantly impact the
generalizability of the findings. Using random or stratified sampling can increase the
likelihood that the sample represents the broader population of interest.
6. Triangulation: Employing multiple data sources, methods, or researchers (triangulation)

can enhance the validity of the findings. Combining quantitative data from Likert scale
surveys with qualitative data from interviews, for example, can provide a more
comprehensive understanding of the research topic.
7. Research Design: Selecting an appropriate research design is critical for addressing

reliability and validity. Longitudinal or cross-sectional studies can provide different insights,
and mixed-method approaches can offer a more comprehensive picture.

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8. Credibility and Trustworthiness: Researchers can enhance the credibility and

trustworthiness of their findings by employing rigorous data analysis methods, providing
clear documentation of the research process, and engaging in peer review.
Overall, carefully considering reliability, validity, and generalizability throughout the

research process strengthens the integrity and significance of the study's findings. While it
may not be possible to achieve absolute perfection in these aspects, addressing these
considerations systematically enhances the research's robustness and contributes to a more
informed understanding of the environmental impact of e-waste management in the IT sector
at Epic Lanka PVT LTD.
e. Ethical issues of the research study
When conducting a research study on the environmental impact of e-waste management in

the IT sector at Epic Lanka PVT LTD, several ethical issues need to be carefully considered
and addressed. Some of the key ethical considerations include:
1. Informed Consent: Obtaining informed consent from the participants involved in the
study is essential. Participants must be fully informed about the purpose of the research, their
rights, and the use of their data. They should voluntarily agree to participate without any
coercion.
2. Data Privacy and Confidentiality: Ensuring the privacy and confidentiality of

participants' data is crucial. Researchers must take measures to protect sensitive information,
store data securely, and present findings in a way that maintains anonymity.
3. Voluntary Participation: Participation in the research should be entirely voluntary, and

participants should have the right to withdraw from the study at any time without facing
negative consequences.
4. Avoiding Harm: Researchers must ensure that the study does not cause harm to
participants or the environment. This includes avoiding any actions that could lead to
environmental damage, as well as safeguarding the well-being of individuals involved.

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5. Fair and Unbiased Research: The research should be conducted impartially and without
any bias. Researchers must avoid manipulating data or presenting results in a way that favors
a particular outcome.
6. Conflict of Interest: Researchers should disclose any potential conflicts of interest that
could influence the study's objectivity or results.
7. Respect for Participants' Rights: Researchers must respect the rights, values, and
cultural norms of the participants and the organization being studied.
8. Transparency in Reporting: The research findings should be accurately reported, and any
limitations or uncertainties in the study should be disclosed transparently.
9. Compliance with Ethical Guidelines: The research should adhere to ethical guidelines
and regulations set forth by relevant institutions, such as research ethics committees or
institutional review boards.
10. Environmental Impact of the Research: Researchers should consider the environmental
impact of their own research activities, such as energy consumption, waste generation, and
transportation, and strive to minimize any negative consequences.
11. Open Science Practices: Embracing open science practices, such as data sharing and pre-
registration of research protocols, can enhance transparency and accountability in the
research process.
Addressing these ethical issues ensures the integrity and validity of the research study while
upholding the rights and well-being of the participants and the organization. By adhering to
these ethical principles, the research contributes to responsible and ethical scientific practices
and fosters trust in the research community and the broader society.

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CHAPTER 4 - PRESENTATION OF RESULTS
a. Demographic Analysis
Figure 3Gender pie chart
According to the above chart, from the participants, 62.5% of males and 37.5% females
provided data.
Figure 4 age pie chart

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According to the above chart 56.4% of participants who are in the 26-35 age group,15.4% of
participants who are in the 36-45 age group and 25.6% of participants who are in the 18-25
age group are provided data for the research.
Figure 5Profetional background pie chart
When considering the education qualifications of the participants, majority of them (100%)
have a Technology / IT.

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b. Correlation Analysis
To measure the strength of 2 difference variables, the Pearson correlation analysis was used.
The analysis can be done using the following figure (Source : Evans 1996)
Pearson correlation coefficient

Relationship
0.00 - 0.19 Very week
0.20 - 0.39 Week
0.40 - 0.59 Moderate
0.60 - 0.79 Strong
0.80 - 1.00 Very strong

Table 3 Correlation Analysis chart
1. RO1
Information technology and telecommunication issue and the Environmental Impact
Correlations
ITT EI
ITT Pearson Correlation 1 .124
Sig. (2-tailed) .444

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N 40 40
EI Pearson Correlation .124 1
N 40 40
According to the analysis, the correlation coefficient value can be extracted as .124 and
which is a positive value. That indicates a positive relationship between two variables
(Information technology and telecommunication issue and the Environmental). The power
of the relationship is at a Very strong level because there is a positive value in Information
technology and telecommunication issues and a positive value in Environmental impact.
According to the analysis result, Information technology and telecommunication issue and
the Environmental impact have a very strong positive relationship.
2. RO2
Monitoring and control Instrument issue and the Environmental Impact
Correlations
MCI EI
MCI Pearson Correlation 1 -.121
N 40 40

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EI Pearson Correlation -.121 1
N 40 40
According to the analysis, the correlation coefficient value can be extracted as -.121 and
which is a negative value. That indicates a negative relationship between two variables
(Monitoring and control Instrument issue and the Environmental Impact ). The power of the
relationship is at a Very week level because there is a negative value in (Monitoring and
control Instrument issue and a negative value in Environmental impact. According to the
analysis result, (Monitoring and control Instrument issue and the Environmental impact
have a very week negative relationship.
3. RO3
Electrical and electronic tools issue and the Environmental Impact
Correlations

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EET EI
EET Pearson Correlation 1 -.268
N 40 40
EI Pearson Correlation -.268 1
N 40 40
According to the analysis, the correlation coefficient value can be extracted as -.268 and
which is a negative value. That indicates a negative relationship between two variables
(Electrical and electronic tools issue and the Environmental). The power of the relationship
is at a Very week level because there is a negative value in Electrical and electronic tools
issue and a negative value in Environmental impact. According to the analysis result,
Electrical and electronic tools issue and the Environmental impact have a very week
negative relationship.
c. Regression Analysis
1. RO1
Model Summary
Adjusted R Std. Error of the

Model R R Square Square Estimate

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1 .124a .015 -.010 .50038
a. Predictors: (Constant), ITT
Coefficientsa
Standardized
Unstandardized Coefficients Coefficients
Model B Std. Error Beta t Sig.
1 (Constant) 2.546 .440 5.789 .000
ITT .128 .166 .124 .773 .444
a. Dependent Variable: EI
1. Model Summary:
- R: The correlation coefficient (r) between the dependent variable (EI, Environmental
Impact) and the independent variable (ITT, Information Technology and
Telecommunications) is 0.124. This value represents the strength and direction of the linear
relationship between the variables. The positive sign indicates a positive correlation, but it is
relatively weak.
- R Square: The coefficient of determination (R-squared) is 0.015, indicating that

approximately 1.5% of the variance in the dependent variable (Environmental Impact) can be

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explained by the independent variable (Information Technology and Telecommunications).

However, the value is quite low, suggesting that the independent variable has limited
predictive power for the dependent variable.
- Adjusted R Square: The adjusted R-squared value is -0.010, which is lower than R-
squared. A negative adjusted R-squared often indicates that the model is not well-suited for
explaining the variance in the dependent variable, and the independent variable may not be a
good predictor in this context.
- Std. Error of the Estimate: The standard error of the estimate is 0.50038, representing the
average amount by which the actual values deviate from the predicted values. A higher value
indicates greater variability in the model's predictions.
2. Coefficients:
- Constant: The intercept of the regression line is 2.546. It represents the predicted value of
the dependent variable (Environmental Impact) when the independent variable (Information
Technology and Telecommunications) is zero.
- ITT (Information Technology and Telecommunications): The coefficient for the

independent variable is 0.128. It indicates that for every one-unit increase in the score of the
Information Technology and Telecommunications variable, the Environmental Impact score
is expected to increase by 0.128 units.
- Beta (Standardized Coefficients): The standardized coefficient for ITT is 0.124. It

represents the strength and direction of the relationship between the standardized scores of
the variables.

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3. Hypothesis Test:
- The p-value associated with the coefficient of the independent variable "ITT" is 0.444.
Since this p-value is greater than the conventional significance level of 0.05 (or 5%), we fail
to reject the null hypothesis.
- Null Hypothesis (H0): There is no significant relationship between the use of Information
Technology and Telecommunications (ITT) and Environmental Impact (EI).
- Alternative Hypothesis (H1): There is a significant relationship between the use of

Information Technology and Telecommunications (ITT) and Environmental Impact (EI).
Since the p-value (0.444) is not less than 0.05, there is insufficient evidence to support the
claim of a statistically significant relationship between Information Technology and
Telecommunications (ITT) and Environmental Impact (EI) at the conventional significance
level. This suggests that the variable "ITT" may not be a significant predictor of
environmental impact in this specific regression model.
It's essential to interpret these results with caution and consider the limitations of the study.
Further data analysis, model refinement, or exploring additional variables may be necessary
to gain deeper insights into the relationship between Information Technology and
Telecommunications and Environmental Impact in your research on the environmental
impact of e-waste management in the IT sector at Epic Lanka PVT LTD.

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2. RO2
Model Summary

1 .121a .015 -.011 .50059
a. Predictors: (Constant), MCI
Coefficientsa
Standardized
1 (Constant) 3.124 .334 9.345 .000
MCI -.085 .113 -.121 -.752 .457
1. Model Summary:
- R: The correlation coefficient (r) between the dependent variable (EI, Environmental
Impact) and the independent variable (MCI, Monitoring and Control Instrument) is 0.121.

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This value represents the strength and direction of the linear relationship between the
variables. The positive sign indicates a positive correlation, but it is relatively weak.
approximately 1.5% of the variance in the dependent variable (Environmental Impact) can
be explained by the independent variable (Monitoring and Control Instrument). However,
the value is quite low, suggesting that the independent variable has limited predictive power
for the dependent variable.
- Adjusted R Square: The adjusted R-squared value is -0.011, which is lower than R-
squared. A negative adjusted R-squared often indicates that the model is not well-suited for
explaining the variance in the dependent variable, and the independent variable may not be
a good predictor in this context.
average amount by which the actual values deviate from the predicted values. A higher
value indicates greater variability in the model's predictions.
2. Coefficients:
- Constant: The intercept of the regression line is 3.124. It represents the predicted value
of the dependent variable (Environmental Impact) when the independent variable
(Monitoring and Control Instrument) is zero.
- MCI (Monitoring and Control Instrument): The coefficient for the independent variable
is -0.085. It indicates that for every one-unit increase in the score of the Monitoring and
Control Instrument variable, the Environmental Impact score is expected to decrease by
0.085 units.
- Beta (Standardized Coefficients): The standardized coefficient for MCI is -0.121. It
the variables.
3. Hypothesis Test:
- The p-value associated with the coefficient of the independent variable "MCI" is 0.457.

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- Null Hypothesis (H0): There is no significant relationship between the use of Monitoring
and Control Instrument (MCI) and Environmental Impact (EI).
Monitoring and Control Instrument (MCI) and Environmental Impact (EI).
claim of a statistically significant relationship between Monitoring and Control Instrument
(MCI) and Environmental Impact (EI) at the conventional significance level. This suggests
that the variable "MCI" may not be a significant predictor of environmental impact in this
specific regression model.
It's essential to interpret these results with caution and consider the limitations of the study.
Further data analysis, model refinement, or exploring additional variables may be necessary
to gain deeper insights into the relationship between the Monitoring and Control Instrument
and the Environmental Impact in your research on the environmental impact of e-waste
management in the IT sector at Epic Lanka PVT LTD.
3. RO3
Model Summary

1 .268a .072 .048 .48582
a. Predictors: (Constant), EET
Coefficientsa

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Standardized
1 (Constant) 3.476 .356 9.771 .000
EET -.202 .118 -.268 -1.716 .094
The hypothesis tested in this regression analysis is related to the relationship between the
independent variable "EET" (Electrical and Electronic Tools) and the dependent variable
"EI" (Environmental Impact).
1. Model Summary:
- R: The correlation coefficient (r) between the dependent variable (EI) and the
independent variable (EET) is 0.268. This value represents the strength and direction of the
linear relationship between the variables.
approximately 7.2% of the variance in the dependent variable (Environmental Impact) can
be explained by the independent variable (Electrical and Electronic Tools).
- Adjusted R Square: The adjusted R-squared value is 0.048, which accounts for the
degrees of freedom in the model. It is lower than R-squared due to the inclusion of the
independent variable.
average amount by which the actual values deviate from the predicted values.
2. Coefficients:

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- Constant: The intercept of the regression line is 3.476. It represents the predicted value
of the dependent variable (Environmental Impact) when the independent variable (Electrical
and Electronic Tools) is zero.
- EET (Electrical and Electronic Tools): The coefficient for the independent variable is
-0.202. It indicates that for every one-unit increase in the score of the Electrical and
Electronic Tools variable, the Environmental Impact score is expected to decrease by 0.202
units.
- Beta (Standardized Coefficients): The standardized coefficient for EET is -0.268. It
the variables.
3. Hypothesis Test:
- The p-value associated with the coefficient of the independent variable "EET" is 0.094.
- Null Hypothesis (H0): There is no significant relationship between the use of Electrical
and Electronic Tools (EET) and Environmental Impact (EI).
Electrical and Electronic Tools (EET) and Environmental Impact (EI).
claim of a statistically significant relationship between Electrical and Electronic Tools
(EET) and Environmental Impact (EI) at the conventional significance level. However, the
result (p-value) is close to the significance level, so it may still be worthwhile to explore the
relationship further with additional data or refine the model.
It's important to note that regression analysis results should be interpreted carefully, and
further investigation may be necessary to understand the complexities of the relationship
between the variables and draw meaningful conclusions for this research on the
environmental impact of e-waste management in the IT sector at Epic Lanka PVT LTD.

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d. Reliability Analysis
Reliability of the data received by the participants will be analyzed in these tables. If
the Cronbach's alpha value is more significant than 0.6, the data can be considered as
reliable.
1. RO1
Information technology (IT) and telecommunication Issues
For the five Information technology (IT) and telecommunication related questions asked in
the questionnaire, the reliability is as follows when analyzing the data.
The Cronbach's alpha value extracted from the above table is more significant than 0.6. Then
the captured Information technology and communication related data can be considered as
reliable data.
2. RO2

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Monitoring and control Instrument Issues
For the five Monitoring and control Instrument related questions asked in the questionnaire,
the reliability is as follows when analyzing the data.
The Cronbach's alpha value extracted from the above table is more significant than 0.6.
Then the captured Monitoring and control Instrument related data can be considered as
reliable data.
3. RO3
Electrical and control Instrument
For the five Electrical and control Instrument related questions asked in the questionnaire,
the reliability is as follows when analyzing the data.
The Cronbach's alpha value extracted from the above table is more significant than 0.6.
Then the captured Electrical and control Instrument related data can be considered as
reliable data.

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4.5. Descriptive Analysis
4.5.1. RO1
Information technology and telecommunication issues
Descriptive Statistics
N Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Deviation
1.Proper e-waste 40 1.00 3.00 1.8250 .67511

management for IT and
telecommunications devices
is essential for our
organization.

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2. I am not satisfied with the 40 1.00 5.00 3.1000 1.17233

current procedures in place
for the responsible disposal
of IT and
telecommunications
equipment.
3. Our organization is 40 1.00 5.00 2.4500 1.08486

successful in minimizing e-
waste generation from IT
and telecommunications
devices.
4. I am highly aware of the 40 1.00 5.00 2.4750 1.08575

environmental impact of
improper disposal of IT and
telecommunications devices.
5. I am confident in my 40 1.00 5.00 3.2000 1.15913

knowledge about the best
practices for recycling and
disposing of e-waste related
to IT and
telecommunications.
ITT 40 1.80 3.60 2.6100 .48347
Valid N (listwise) 40
The provided data includes responses from 40 participants on various aspects related to e-
waste management and Information Technology and Telecommunications (ITT). For the first
item, participants rated the importance of proper e-waste management for IT and
telecommunications devices on a scale from 1.00 to 3.00, with a mean score of 1.8250 and a
standard deviation of 0.67511. The second item measured satisfaction with current disposal
procedures, with responses ranging from 1.00 to 5.00. The average score was 3.1000, and the
standard deviation was 1.17233. For the third item, participants assessed the organization's

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success in minimizing e-waste generation, resulting in a mean score of 2.4500 and a standard
deviation of 1.08486 on a scale of 1.00 to 5.00. Similarly, item four examined participants'
awareness of the environmental impact of improper disposal, with a mean score of 2.4750
and a standard deviation of 1.08575. Lastly, the fifth item gauged confidence in knowledge
about e-waste recycling and disposal practices, obtaining an average score of 3.2000 and a
standard deviation of 1.15913 on a scale of 1.00 to 5.00. The variable "ITT" representing
Information Technology and Telecommunications had a mean value of 2.6100 and a standard
deviation of 0.48347 among the 40 respondents. These descriptive statistics provide insights
into participants' perceptions and understanding of e-waste management and its association
with ITT within the organization. Further analysis may be conducted to explore correlations
and potential implications on environmental impact based on the collected data.

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4.5.2. RO2
Monitoring and control Instrument
1. The organization regularly 40 1.00 5.00 2.4250 1.05945

assesses the lifespan and
functionality of monitoring
and control instruments.

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2. Our company has not 40 1.00 5.00 2.7250 1.13199

established methods for
properly disposing or
recycling outdated
instruments.
3. The organization invests 40 1.00 5.00 3.2250 1.14326

in the latest monitoring and
control instruments to
improve efficiency and
reduce environmental
impact.
4. There are sufficient 40 1.00 5.00 3.0750 1.24833

resources allocated for the
maintenance and repair of
instruments.
5. The organization 40 1.00 5.00 2.9000 1.23621

encourages employees to
report any issues or
malfunctions with monitoring
and control instruments to
ensure timely interventions.
MCI 40 1.60 4.60 2.8700 .70827
The dataset includes responses from 40 participants on various aspects related to monitoring
and control instruments (MCI) and their implications for environmental practices within the
organization. The first item reflects participants' perceptions of how the organization
regularly assesses the lifespan and functionality of monitoring and control instruments,
resulting in a mean score of 2.4250 and a standard deviation of 1.05945 on a scale of 1.00 to

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5.00. The second item focuses on the establishment of methods for the proper disposal or
recycling of outdated instruments. The participants' mean response was 2.7250, with a
standard deviation of 1.13199. Item three investigates the organization's investment in the
latest monitoring and control instruments to enhance efficiency and reduce environmental
impact, with an average score of 3.2250 and a standard deviation of 1.14326. The fourth
item assesses the allocation of sufficient resources for the maintenance and repair of
monitoring and control instruments, yielding a mean score of 3.0750 and a standard
deviation of 1.24833. Lastly, the fifth item explores whether the organization encourages
employees to report issues or malfunctions related to monitoring and control instruments,
obtaining a mean score of 2.9000 and a standard deviation of 1.23621. Additionally, the
variable "MCI" representing Information Technology and Telecommunications has a mean
value of 2.8700 and a standard deviation of 0.70827 among the 40 respondents. These
descriptive statistics provide valuable insights into how employees perceive the
organization's practices concerning monitoring and control instruments and their potential
impact on environmental sustainability. Further analysis may be conducted to explore
correlations and the significance of these findings for the organization's environmental
management strategies.

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4.5.3. RO3
Electrical and Electronic tools
1. The usage of energy- 40 1.00 5.00 2.6250 1.27475

efficient electrical and
electronic tools positively
contributes to reducing our
organization's environmental
impact.
2. Proper maintenance and 40 1.00 5.00 2.8500 1.18862

repair of electrical and
electronic tools help extend
their lifespan and decrease
e-waste generation.
3. The organization's efforts 40 1.00 5.00 3.0500 1.15359

to dispose of end-of-life
electrical and electronic tools
responsibly significantly
lessen their environmental
impact.
4. Investing in newer and 40 1.00 5.00 3.2000 1.20256

more sustainable electrical
and electronic tools is
essential for minimizing our
overall environmental
footprint.

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5. The organization's 40 1.00 5.00 3.0250 1.12061

commitment to using
environmentally friendly
electrical and electronic tools
aligns with our goal of being
environmentally responsible.
EET 40 1.60 4.00 2.9500 .66061
The dataset consists of responses from 40 participants regarding various aspects related to
the usage of electrical and electronic tools (EET) and their impact on the organization's
environmental practices. The first item explores participants' perceptions of how energy-
efficient electrical and electronic tools positively contribute to reducing the organization's
environmental impact, with a mean score of 2.6250 and a standard deviation of 1.27475 on
a scale of 1.00 to 5.00. The second item investigates the significance of proper maintenance
and repair of electrical and electronic tools in extending their lifespan and decreasing e-
waste generation, resulting in a mean score of 2.8500 and a standard deviation of 1.18862.
Item three assesses the organization's efforts to responsibly dispose of end-of-life electrical
and electronic tools, significantly lessening their environmental impact, with an average
score of 3.0500 and a standard deviation of 1.15359. The fourth item explores the perceived
importance of investing in newer and more sustainable electrical and electronic tools for
minimizing the organization's overall environmental footprint, yielding a mean score of
3.2000 and a standard deviation of 1.20256. Lastly, the fifth item reflects participants'
perception of the organization's commitment to using environmentally friendly electrical
and electronic tools in alignment with their goal of being environmentally responsible, with
a mean score of 3.0250 and a standard deviation of 1.12061. Additionally, the variable
"EET" representing Information Technology and Telecommunications has a mean value of
2.9500 and a standard deviation of 0.66061 among the 40 respondents. These descriptive
statistics provide valuable insights into participants' perspectives on the impact of electrical
and electronic tools on the organization's environmental practices. Further analysis may be

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conducted to explore correlations and the significance of these findings for the
organization's sustainability efforts.

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CHAPTER 5 - CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
a. Conclusion
1. RO1
Correlation:
Based on the correlation analysis, it was found that there is a positive relationship between
Information Technology and Telecommunication (ITT) issues and the Environmental Impact
(EI). The correlation coefficient value of 0.124 indicates a positive correlation between these
two variables. This suggests that as ITT issues increase, there is a tendency for the
Environmental Impact to increase as well.
The p-value of 0.444 indicates that the correlation is not statistically significant at the
conventional significance level of 0.05. This means that the observed correlation could be due
to chance, and further research with a larger sample size may be needed to confirm the
significance of the relationship.
It's important to note that a correlation coefficient value of 0.124 suggests a weak positive
relationship between ITT issues and the Environmental Impact. Therefore, while there is
some indication of a positive association, it is not particularly strong.
In conclusion, the correlation analysis suggests a weak positive relationship between

Information Technology and Telecommunication issues and the Environmental Impact.
However, the lack of statistical significance indicates the need for more extensive research to
draw definitive conclusions on the strength and significance of this relationship.
Regression:
Based on the regression analysis, the results suggest that there is a weak positive relationship
between Information Technology and Telecommunications (ITT) and Environmental Impact
(EI) in the context of your research on e-waste management in the IT sector at Epic Lanka
PVT LTD. The correlation coefficient (r) of 0.124 indicates a positive association between the
two variables, but the coefficient of determination (R-squared) is low at 0.015, indicating that

lOMoARcPSD|36493089
only about 1.5% of the variance in Environmental Impact can be explained by Information
Technology and Telecommunications.
The standardized coefficient (Beta) for ITT is 0.124, further indicating a weak positive
relationship between the two variables when their scores are standardized. However, the p-
value associated with the coefficient of ITT is 0.444, which is higher than the conventional
significance level of 0.05. This means that the relationship between ITT and EI is not
statistically significant in this specific regression model.
Therefore, based on this analysis, there is insufficient evidence to support a significant and
strong positive relationship between Information Technology and Telecommunications and
Environmental Impact in the IT sector at Epic Lanka PVT LTD. The model's low R-squared
and non-significant p-value suggest that other factors not included in the model may have a
more substantial influence on the environmental impact of e-waste management in the
organization.
It is essential to consider the limitations of the study, such as the sample size, the selection of
variables, and the possibility of other confounding factors. Further research with a larger
sample size and the inclusion of additional relevant variables may be necessary to gain a
more comprehensive understanding of the relationship between ITT and EI in the context of
e-waste management. Additionally, considering the complexity of environmental impact and
e-waste management, qualitative research methods and exploring qualitative factors may
complement the quantitative analysis and provide more nuanced insights.
In conclusion, while there is a weak positive association between Information Technology

and Telecommunications and Environmental Impact, the evidence from the regression
analysis is not strong enough to establish a significant relationship in the specific regression
model used. This calls for further investigation and consideration of other factors to better
understand and address the environmental impact of e-waste management in the IT sector at
Epic Lanka PVT LTD.

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2. RO2
Correlation:
Based on the regression analysis, the results indicate that there is a very weak negative
relationship between Monitoring and Control Instrument issue (MCI) and Environmental
Impact (EI). The correlation coefficient (r) of -0.121 indicates a negative association between
the two variables, but the magnitude of the correlation is very small, suggesting a limited
linear relationship between MCI and EI.
The standardized coefficient (Beta) for MCI is also -0.121, further supporting the weak
negative relationship when the scores of the variables are standardized. However, the p-value
associated with the correlation coefficient is 0.457, which is higher than the conventional
significance level of 0.05. This means that the relationship between MCI and EI is not
statistically significant in this specific regression model.
Therefore, based on this analysis, there is insufficient evidence to support a significant and
strong negative relationship between Monitoring and Control Instrument issue and
Environmental Impact. The low magnitude of the correlation and the non-significant p-value
suggest that other factors not included in the model may have a more substantial influence on
the environmental impact in the context of monitoring and control instrument issues.
It is crucial to consider the limitations of the study, such as the sample size, the selection of
variables, and the possibility of other confounding factors. Further research with a larger
sample size and the inclusion of additional relevant variables may be necessary to gain a
more comprehensive understanding of the relationship between Monitoring and Control
Instrument issue and Environmental Impact. Additionally, qualitative research methods and
exploring qualitative factors may provide more nuanced insights into the environmental
impact of monitoring and control instrument issues.
In conclusion, the regression analysis suggests a very weak negative relationship between
Monitoring and Control Instrument issue and Environmental Impact, and this relationship is
not statistically significant in the specific regression model used. This calls for further
investigation and consideration of other factors to better understand and address the
environmental impact in the context of monitoring and control instrument issues.

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Regression:
Based on the analysis of the correlation and regression between Monitoring and Control
Instrument (MCI) and Environmental Impact (EI), the results suggest a weak negative
relationship between these variables. The correlation coefficient of 0.121 indicates a positive
association, but it is relatively weak. The coefficient of determination (R-squared) is low at
0.015, indicating that only about 1.5% of the variance in Environmental Impact can be
explained by Monitoring and Control Instrument. The standardized coefficient (Beta) for
MCI is -0.121, further supporting the weak negative relationship when the scores of the
variables are standardized.
However, the p-value associated with the coefficient of MCI is 0.457, which is higher than
the conventional significance level of 0.05. This means that the relationship between MCI
and EI is not statistically significant in this specific regression model. Therefore, there is
insufficient evidence to support a significant and strong negative relationship between
Monitoring and Control Instrument and Environmental Impact in the context of e-waste
management in the IT sector at Epic Lanka PVT LTD.
These findings call for further investigation and consideration of other factors to better
understand and address the environmental impact related to monitoring and control
instrument issues. It is essential to interpret these results cautiously and acknowledge the
limitations of the study. Additional data analysis, model refinement, or exploring other
relevant variables may be necessary to gain deeper insights into the relationship between
Monitoring and Control Instrument and Environmental Impact. Researchers should exercise
caution when drawing conclusions based on these findings and explore additional avenues to
gain a more comprehensive understanding of the relationship between these variables in the
research on the environmental impact of e-waste management at Epic Lanka PVT LTD.

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3. RO3
Correlation:
Based on the analysis of the correlation between Electrical and Electronic Tools (EET) issue
and Environmental Impact (EI), the results suggest a very weak negative relationship
between these variables. The correlation coefficient of -0.268 indicates a negative
association, but it is relatively weak. The p-value associated with the correlation coefficient is
0.094, which is higher than the conventional significance level of 0.05.
Therefore, there is insufficient evidence to support a significant and strong negative

relationship between Electrical and Electronic Tools issue and Environmental Impact. The
low magnitude of the correlation and the non-significant p-value suggest that other factors
not included in the analysis may have a more substantial influence on the environmental
impact in the context of electrical and electronic tools issues.
These findings call for further investigation and consideration of other factors to better
understand and address the environmental impact related to electrical and electronic tools
issues. It is essential to interpret these results cautiously and acknowledge the limitations of
the study. Additional data analysis, model refinement, or exploring other relevant variables
may be necessary to gain deeper insights into the relationship between Electrical and
Electronic Tools issue and Environmental Impact. Researchers should exercise caution when
drawing conclusions based on these findings and explore additional avenues to gain a more
comprehensive understanding of the relationship between these variables in the research on
the environmental impact of e-waste management at Epic Lanka PVT LTD.
Regression:
Based on the regression analysis, the results indicate that there is a positive relationship
between Electrical and Electronic Tools (EET) and Environmental Impact (EI). The
correlation coefficient (r) of 0.268 indicates a positive association between the two variables,
suggesting that there might be a moderate linear relationship between EET and EI.
The coefficient of determination (R-squared) is 0.072, which means that approximately 7.2%
of the variance in the dependent variable (Environmental Impact) can be explained by the

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independent variable (Electrical and Electronic Tools). However, the adjusted R-squared
value (0.048) is lower than R-squared, suggesting that the model may not be well-suited for
explaining the variance in the dependent variable, and there may be other factors influencing
the environmental impact that are not accounted for in the current model.
The standardized coefficient (Beta) for EET is -0.268, indicating that there is a negative
relationship between EET and EI when the scores of the variables are standardized. This
suggests that an increase in the use of Electrical and Electronic Tools may lead to a decrease
in Environmental Impact.
The p-value associated with the coefficient of the independent variable "EET" is 0.094, which
is close to the conventional significance level of 0.05. While it is not statistically significant
at the conventional level, it is worth noting that the result is borderline, and there might be
some indication of a potential relationship between EET and EI.
However, it's essential to interpret these results cautiously and consider the limitations of the
study. The relatively low R-squared value indicates that other factors not included in the
model may have a more significant influence on the environmental impact in the context of
electrical and electronic tools. Further research with a larger sample size, additional relevant
variables, or refining the model might be necessary to gain a more comprehensive
understanding of the relationship between Electrical and Electronic Tools and Environmental
Impact.
In conclusion, the regression analysis suggests a moderate positive relationship between

Electrical and Electronic Tools and Environmental Impact, but the relationship is not
statistically significant in this specific regression model at the conventional significance level.
This calls for further investigation and consideration of other factors to better understand and
address the environmental impact in the context of electrical and electronic tools. Researchers
should exercise caution when drawing conclusions based on these findings and explore
additional avenues to gain deeper insights into the relationship between these variables in the
research on the environmental impact of e-waste management in the IT sector at Epic Lanka
PVT LTD.

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b. Recommendations
To address the environmental challenges posed by e-waste in the IT sector in Sri Lanka,
several integrated recommendations emerge from the conclusions drawn in the analysis of
the independent variables (Information Technology and Telecommunication issue,
Monitoring and Control Instrument issue, and Electrical and Electronic Tools issue) and
their relationship with the dependent variable (Environmental Impact).
Firstly, it is crucial to strengthen e-waste management policies and regulations,

encompassing all aspects of e-waste handling, recycling, and disposal for all electronic
devices. Adherence to international best practices in e-waste management is essential to
minimize environmental hazards and health risks.
Secondly, raising awareness and promoting responsible e-waste disposal through public
campaigns is vital. Educating the public, businesses, and IT sector stakeholders about the
environmental impact of e-waste and encouraging proper disposal through authorized
collection centers can make a significant difference.
Thirdly, supporting research and innovation in e-waste recycling is imperative. Investment

in the development of innovative technologies for e-waste recycling and resource recovery
can help reduce the environmental burden of e-waste. Collaborations between research
institutions and the private sector can drive sustainable e-waste management practices.
Additionally, implementing Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) programs will hold

manufacturers accountable for the entire life cycle of their products, including responsible
disposal and recycling. Collaborating with manufacturers to design products with durability,
reparability, and recyclability in mind will contribute to a more sustainable approach.
Furthermore, fostering public-private partnerships (PPP) is essential in pooling resources,

knowledge, and expertise to develop and implement effective e-waste management
practices. Encouraging the private sector to participate actively in sustainability initiatives
and support the government's efforts is crucial.

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Promoting green procurement policies in both the public and private sectors can prioritize
the purchase of energy-efficient and eco-friendly IT equipment. Encouraging sustainable
consumer behavior will also influence individuals to choose environmentally friendly
products and dispose of electronic devices responsibly.
Instituting a comprehensive monitoring and evaluation system to track e-waste generation,

disposal rates, and environmental impact will help in regularly reviewing and updating e-
waste management strategies.
Integrating circular economy principles in the IT sector can minimize waste, promote
product durability, and facilitate the reutilization and recycling of electronic devices.
Adopting circular design principles in product development will ensure sustainability from
the outset.
Encouraging corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives and recognizing businesses

that actively contribute to sustainable e-waste management practices will motivate further
engagement in environmental conservation.
Lastly, continued research and data collection on e-waste generation trends, environmental
impacts, and the effectiveness of e-waste management strategies will inform policy
decisions and guide continuous improvement efforts.
By implementing these recommendations collectively and cohesively, Sri Lanka can take
significant strides towards mitigating the adverse environmental impact of e-waste in the IT
sector, fostering a sustainable and eco-conscious digital future with the cooperation of
government agencies, businesses, communities, and individuals.

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c. Limitations
The research on the environmental impact of e-waste management practices in the IT sector
in Sri Lanka offers valuable insights, but it is crucial to acknowledge its limitations. Firstly,
the study's sample size may be limited due to resource constraints, potentially affecting the
generalizability of the results to the entire IT sector in the country. Ensuring a representative
sample is vital for broader inferences. Secondly, data availability and reliability are critical
factors, as incomplete or unreliable data could impact the accuracy and robustness of the
analysis and conclusions drawn. Additionally, the cross-sectional nature of the study,
capturing data at a specific point in time, may hinder establishing causal relationships
between variables and accounting for changes over time. Self-report bias is another concern,
as participants may provide socially desirable responses or inaccurately report e-waste
management practices. Furthermore, the study's focus on specific variables related to e-waste
sources in the IT sector may overlook other significant factors influencing e-waste generation
and management. External factors, such as global market trends or regulatory changes, can
also influence e-waste practices and may not be entirely accounted for in the analysis. The
study should also be cautious about potential inherent biases, and researchers should maintain
impartiality and transparency throughout the research process. Lastly, while the research
establishes correlations between variables, causality cannot be definitively inferred from
observational data alone. Despite these limitations, the research lays the groundwork for
understanding the environmental impact of e-waste in the IT sector and can guide further
investigations and policy development to promote sustainable e-waste management practices
in Sri Lanka.
d. Future Improvements
Future research on the environmental impact of e-waste management practices in Sri
Lanka's IT sector can benefit from several key areas of improvement. Firstly, expanding the
sample size to include a larger and more diverse representation of IT companies and
organizations would enhance the generalizability of the findings. Additionally, adopting a
longitudinal study design to track data over an extended period would allow for the
exploration of trends and changes in e-waste management practices over time.
Complementing the quantitative analysis with in-depth qualitative research, such as
interviews and focus groups, would provide deeper insights into the factors influencing e-
waste management decisions and stakeholder perceptions.

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To ensure comprehensive data collection, collaborating with relevant government agencies,

waste management facilities, and recycling centers would be essential. This collaborative
approach could help address data limitations and enhance the accuracy of the analysis.
Furthermore, future research should consider external factors, such as global e-waste
policies and market dynamics, which may influence e-waste management practices in the IT
sector.
To present a holistic view, other IT sub-sectors, like data centers and electronics
manufacturers, should be included in the scope of the study. Comparing e-waste
management practices with those of other countries known for their effective strategies
would provide valuable insights and potential best practices. Additionally, evaluating the
impact of existing e-waste management policies and regulations in Sri Lanka would help
assess their effectiveness and identify areas for improvement.
Incorporating technological solutions, such as IoT-based tracking systems for e-waste, could
also be explored to enhance monitoring and management practices. Collaborations with IT
companies, government bodies, non-governmental organizations, and environmental experts
would create a robust research framework and foster the implementation of sustainable e-
waste management strategies. By addressing these areas of improvement, future research
can contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the environmental implications of
e-waste in the IT sector and promote the development of effective, sustainable solutions to
tackle this pressing environmental challenge.
e. Personnel Reflection
As a researcher engaged in studying the environmental impact of e-waste management in

the IT sector at Epic Lanka PVT LTD, I have had the opportunity to delve into a critical and
relevant area of environmental sustainability. This research project has been an eye-opening
and fulfilling experience, providing me with valuable insights and personal reflections:
1. Sense of Purpose: Conducting research on such an important and pressing environmental

issue has given me a strong sense of purpose. Knowing that my work can contribute to
reducing e-waste and promoting sustainable practices in the IT sector has been highly
motivating.

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2. Awareness and Learning: Through this research, I have deepened my understanding of

e-waste management, its environmental implications, and the challenges faced by
organizations. I have also gained insights into the IT industry's role in sustainable
development.
3. Research Skills Development: This project has allowed me to hone my research skills,
including data collection, analysis, and interpretation. I have learned to work with real-
world datasets and apply various statistical methods to draw meaningful conclusions.
4. Interdisciplinary Perspective: Addressing the environmental impact of e-waste

management has required an interdisciplinary approach. It has exposed me to knowledge
from environmental science, IT, sustainability, and business management.
5. Challenges and Solutions: Engaging in research always comes with challenges. In this
case, understanding the complexities of e-waste management and interpreting statistical
results required perseverance and problem-solving skills.
6. Practical Application: Knowing that the research findings can lead to practical
applications and recommendations for Epic Lanka PVT LTD's sustainability initiatives has
given my work a tangible impact.
7. Collaborative Experience: This research project has involved collaboration with experts
in the field, organizational stakeholders, and research supervisors. Working together has
enriched the research process and expanded my professional network.
8. Personal Responsibility: Being involved in environmental research has heightened my

sense of personal responsibility towards sustainable practices in my own life and
encouraged me to promote environmental awareness among my peers.
9. Ethical Considerations: Environmental research often raises ethical considerations

related to data privacy, transparency, and ensuring the well-being of all stakeholders
involved. I have learned to navigate these considerations carefully.

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10. Future Opportunities: The knowledge and experience gained from this research
project have opened doors to potential future opportunities in the field of environmental
sustainability and research.
In conclusion, my personnel reflection on this research journey has been a profound and
transformative experience. It has not only deepened my passion for environmental
sustainability but also equipped me with valuable skills and perspectives to continue making
a positive impact in the field. I am grateful for the chance to contribute to meaningful
research and the opportunity to inspire positive change in the IT sector's e-waste
management practices.
1. Benefits for the researcher
As a researcher, conducting a study on the environmental impact of e-waste management in

the IT sector at Epic Lanka PVT LTD can offer various benefits:
1. Contributing to Knowledge: By conducting research in this area, the researcher can

contribute valuable insights and knowledge to the field of environmental sustainability,
particularly concerning e-waste management within the IT sector.
2. Addressing Real-World Issues: Studying the environmental impact of e-waste

management can address a critical issue of electronic waste, which is a growing concern for
organizations worldwide. The findings can potentially inform better practices and policies for
reducing environmental impact.
3. Improving Organizational Practices: The research can provide Epic Lanka PVT LTD
with data-driven recommendations and strategies for enhancing their e-waste management
practices, leading to more efficient and sustainable operations.

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4. Enhancing Corporate Social Responsibility: By conducting this research, the

organization demonstrates its commitment to corporate social responsibility, showcasing its
efforts to address environmental concerns and promoting sustainable business practices.
5. Academic and Professional Growth: Engaging in this research project can enhance the
researcher's academic and professional growth, enabling them to develop expertise in
environmental studies, sustainability, and research methodologies.
6. Publication and Recognition: If the research yields valuable findings, it can lead to
academic publications, conference presentations, and recognition within the research
community, furthering the researcher's reputation and potential collaborations.
7. Opportunity for Collaboration: Research in this area may open avenues for collaboration
with other researchers, organizations, or institutions working on similar environmental and
sustainability-related projects.
8. Personal Satisfaction: Contributing to positive change and environmental awareness can

provide personal satisfaction to the researcher, knowing their work has meaningful
implications beyond academia.
9. Networking Opportunities: Engaging in research on an important and relevant topic can

create networking opportunities with professionals, experts, and stakeholders involved in
environmental sustainability and waste management.
10. Potential Funding and Grants: If the research aligns with environmental priorities,
there might be opportunities for funding and grants from government agencies, NGOs, or
private organizations, supporting further research endeavors.
Overall, conducting research on the environmental impact of e-waste management in the IT

sector at Epic Lanka PVT LTD not only benefits the organization but also brings valuable
rewards for the researcher, both academically and professionally.

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2. Benefits for the Industry/organization
Conducting a study on the environmental impact of e-waste management in the IT sector at

Epic Lanka PVT LTD can provide numerous benefits for the industry/organization:
1. Improved Sustainability Practices: The research findings can offer insights into more
effective and sustainable e-waste management practices specific to the IT sector.
Implementing these practices can lead to reduced environmental impact and resource
conservation.
2. Cost Savings: Adopting efficient e-waste management practices can result in cost savings
for the organization. Proper recycling and refurbishment of electronic devices can reduce the
need for purchasing new equipment, leading to financial benefits.
3. Enhanced Corporate Image: Demonstrating a commitment to environmental

sustainability through research and responsible e-waste management can enhance the
organization's corporate image. This can attract environmentally conscious customers,
partners, and investors.
4. Regulatory Compliance: Complying with environmental regulations and standards is

crucial for any organization. The research can identify areas where the organization needs to
improve to meet or exceed these requirements.
5. Risk Mitigation: Implementing sustainable e-waste management practices can reduce

environmental risks associated with improper disposal, ensuring compliance and avoiding
potential legal and reputational consequences.

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6. Competitive Advantage: Organizations that prioritize environmental responsibility and

have sound e-waste management practices can gain a competitive edge in the market.
Customers and partners are increasingly considering sustainability when making decisions.
7. Employee Engagement and Retention: Employees are more likely to be engaged and
motivated to work for an organization that prioritizes environmental responsibility. Having
sustainable practices can contribute to higher employee satisfaction and retention rates.
8. Stakeholder Trust: Stakeholders, including customers, investors, and communities, tend

to trust and support organizations that actively address environmental issues. Demonstrating
commitment to environmental impact reduction can foster trust and loyalty.
9. Innovation Opportunities: Research on e-waste management may lead to the

identification of innovative technologies or processes that can be developed or adopted by the
organization, fostering innovation and staying ahead of industry trends.
10. Long-Term Viability: Implementing sustainable practices for e-waste management

contributes to the long-term viability of the organization. Reducing resource waste and
environmental impact ensures a more resilient and future-proof business model.
Overall, the benefits for the industry/organization from this research extend beyond
environmental impact reduction. They encompass financial, reputational, regulatory, and
long-term strategic advantages that can position Epic Lanka PVT LTD as a responsible and
sustainable player in the IT sector.

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Referencing
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at: <https:// www.epictechnology.lk /about> [Accessed 4 June 2023].
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[Accessed 4 June 2023].
Westland, J., 2023. The Triple Constraint in Project Management: Time, Scope & Cost.
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constraint-project-management-time-scope-cost> [Accessed 4 June 2023].
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<https://www.simplilearn.com/what-is-a-project-management-plan-article> [Accessed 4
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[Accessed 4 June 2023].
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nvolved%20in%20the%20projects.> [Accessed 4 June 2023].
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Shibly, F.H.A., and S.S. Thelijjagoda. “Development of a Web Based Electronic Waste
Management System: A Study with Special Reference to Recycling Companies in Sri
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Annexures
Annexures A: Glossary of Terms

1. IT - Information Technology
2. EI - Environmental Impact
3. ITT - Information Technology and Telecommunications
4. MCI - Monitoring and Control Instrument
5. EET - Electrical and Electronic Tools
6. PVT LTD - Private Limited Company
7. R - Correlation Coefficient
8. R Square - Coefficient of Determination
9. Sig. - Significance
10. N - Sample Size
11. H – Hypothesis
12. E- Waste - Electronic Waste
13. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences

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Annexures B: Sample SPSS Charts/ Table
Figure 6 Sample SPSS charts
Figure 7 Sample SPSS charts

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Figure 8 Sample SPSS chart

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Annexures C: Feedback Form / Question list
Figure 9 Question list

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Annexures D: Sample Feedback sheets
Figure 22 Feedback sheets
Figure 23 Feedback sheets

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Higher Nationals
Internal verification of assessment decisions – BTEC (RQF)
INTERNAL VERIFICATION – ASSESSMENT DECISIONS

Programme title BTEC HND in Computing
Tharika Amali
Assessor Internal
Verifier
Unit(s)
Final Research Project Proposal - The environmental impact of
Assignment title
digital transformation
Chalani Kaushalya Siriwardana.
Student’s name
List which assessment Pass Merit Distinction
criteria the Assessor has
awarded.
INTERNAL VERIFIER CHECKLIST
Do the assessment criteria awarded match

those shown in the assignment brief?
Y/N
Is the Pass/Merit/Distinction grade awarded
justified by the assessor’s comments on the Y/N
student work?
Has the work been assessed
accurately?
Y/N
Is the feedback to the student:
Give details:

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• Constructive?
• Linked to relevant assessment Y/N

criteria?
Y/N
• Identifying opportunities for
improved performance?
Y/N
• Agreeing actions?
Y/N
Does the assessment decision need
amending?
Y/N
Internal Verifier signature Date

Programme Leader signature (if
required)
Date
Confirm action completed
Remedial action taken
Give details:

Internal
Verifier
signature
Date
Programme Leader
signature (if
required)
Date

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Higher Nationals - Summative Assignment Feedback Form

Student Name/ID Chalani Kaushalya Siriwardana / E013011
Unit Title
Assignment Number 1 Assessor
18/07/2023 Date
Submission Date Received 1st
submission
Date Received 2nd
Re-submission Date submission
Assessor Feedback:
LO1 Examine appropriate research methodologies and approaches as part of the research
process
Pass, Merit & Distinction P1 P2 M1 D1
Descripts
Resubmission Feedback:
Internal Verifier’s Comments:
Signature & Date:
* Please note that grade decisions are provisional. They are only confirmed once internal and external moderation has taken place and
grades decisions have been agreed at the assessment board.
Assignment Feedback

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Formative Feedback: Assessor to Student
Action Plan
Summative feedback
Feedback: Student to Assessor
Assessor Date
signature
Student signature Date

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Pearson
Higher Nationals in
Computing
Project Proposal

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General Guidelines
6. A Cover page or title page – You should always attach a title page to your assignment. Use
previous page as your cover sheet and make sure all the details are accurately filled.
7. Attach this brief as the first section of your assignment.
8. All the assignments should be prepared using a word processing software.
9. All the assignments should be printed on A4 sized papers. Use single side printing.
10. Allow 1” for top, bottom , right margins and 1.25” for the left margin of each page.
Word Processing Rules
6. The font size should be 12 point, and should be in the style of Time New Roman.
7. Use 1.5 line spacing. Left justify all paragraphs.
8. Ensure that all the headings are consistent in terms of the font size and font style.
9. Use footer function in the word processor to insert Your Name, Subject, Assignment No,
and Page Number on each page. This is useful if individual sheets become detached for any
reason.
10. Use word processing application spell check and grammar check function to help editing
your assignment.
Important Points:
12. It is strictly prohibited to use textboxes to add texts in the assignments, except for the
compulsory information. eg: Figures, tables of comparison etc. Adding text boxes in the body
except for the before mentioned compulsory information will result in rejection of your
work.
13. Avoid using page borders in your assignment body.
14. Carefully check the hand in date and the instructions given in the assignment. Late
submissions will not be accepted.
15. Ensure that you give yourself enough time to complete the assignment by the due date.
16. Excuses of any nature will not be accepted for failure to hand in the work on time.
17. You must take responsibility for managing your own time effectively.
18. If you are unable to hand in your assignment on time and have valid reasons such as illness,
you may apply (in writing) for an extension.
19. Failure to achieve at least PASS criteria will result in a REFERRAL grade .

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20. Non-submission of work without valid reasons will lead to an automatic RE FERRAL. You will
then be asked to complete an alternative assignment.
21. If you use other people’s work or ideas in your assignment, reference them properly using
HARVARD referencing system to avoid plagiarism. You have to provide both in-text citation
and a reference list.
22. If you are proven to be guilty of plagiarism or any academic misconduct, your grade could be
reduced to A REFERRAL or at worst you could be expelled from the course

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Student Declaration
I hereby, declare that I know what plagiarism entails, namely to use another’s work and to present
it as my own without attributing the sources in the correct form. I further understand what it
means to copy another’s work.
7. I know that plagiarism is a punishable offence because it constitutes theft.

8. I understand the plagiarism and copying policy of Edexcel UK.
9. I know what the consequences will be if I plagiarise or copy another’s work in any of the
assignments for this program.
10. I declare therefore that all work presented by me for every aspect of my program, will be my
own, and where I have made use of another’s work, I will attribute the source in the correct
way.
11. I acknowledge that the attachment of this document signed or not, constitutes a binding
agreement between myself and Pearson , UK.
12. I understand that my assignment will not be considered as submitted if this document is not
attached to the assignment.
E013011@esoft.academy 18/07/2023
Student’s Signature: Date:

(Provide E-mail ID) (Provide Submission Date)

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Higher National Diploma in Computing

Assignment Brief
Student Name /ID Number Chalani Kaushalya Siriwardana/E013011
Unit Number and Title Unit 13 – Computing Research Project
Academic Year 2021/22
Unit Tutor Miss. Amali Tharika
Assignment Title
Issue Date 16/07/2023
Submission Date 18/07/2023
IV Name & Date
Submission format
Research Project Proposal

 This should be written in a concise, formal business style using single spacing and font
size 12.
 You are required to make use of headings, paragraphs and subsections as appropriate,
and all work must be supported with research
 Reference using the Harvard referencing system.
 Please provide a referencing list using the Harvard referencing system.
The recommended word limit is minimum 2000 words.
Unit Learning Outcomes:
LO1. Examine appropriate research methodologies and approaches as part of the research
process.
Assignment Brief and Guidance:
The environmental impact of digital transformation

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The amount of data created and stored globally is expected to reach 175 Zettabytes by
2025, a six-fold increase from 2018. This will demand additional hardware and power
consumption, which; in turn, will increase the environmental impact of the digital sector
and there is already increasing attention on the environmental footprint of ICT equipment
and services as they become more widespread in all aspects of human life. It is the
responsibility of everyone to take action in addressing the challenges of climate change,
as professionals we must also seek ways that the digital sector can play its part. While
digital technologies are one of the sectors that has achieved greater efficiency; achieving
about 100 times more computation power from the same amount of energy per decade,
it remains unsustainable. The sector must continue to seek ways in which it can continue
to support and drive innovation, while addressing the global climate emergency for a
greener and fairer future.
Choosing a research objective/question

Students are to choose their own research topic for this unit. Strong research projects are
those with clear, well focused and defined objectives. A central skill in selecting a research
objective is the ability to select a suitable and focused research objective. One of the best
ways to do this is to put it in the form of a question. Students should be encouraged by
tutors to discuss a variety of topics related to the theme to generate ideas for a good
research objective. The range of topics discussed could cover the following:
 The use of modern methods to reduce carbon emissions in IT network systems.
 The impact of cloud data centres on the environment.
 The environmental implications of e-waste and ways to reduce it.
The Learner requires to produce a research proposal that clearly defines a research question
or hypothesis, supported by a literature review (Use the project proposal and ethical
consideration form template formats)
Project Proposal should cover following areas.

1. Definition of research problem or question. (This can be stated as a research question,
objectives or hypothesis)

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2. Provide a literature review giving the background and conceptualisation of the proposed
area of study. (This would provide existing knowledge and benchmarks by which the data
can be judged)
3. Critically evaluate research process /different research methodologies that can be applied
to computing research project by demonstrating an understanding of the pitfalls, ethical
issues, and limitations. choose a suitable research methodology and justify the selection
based on theoretical/philosophical frameworks.
Draw points (1–3, above) together into a research proposal by getting agreement with your
tutor.

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Grading Rubric
Grading Criteria Achieved Feedback
P1 Produce a research proposal that clearly defines a research

question or hypothesis, supported by a literature review
P2 Examine appropriate research methods and approaches to

primary and secondary research.
M1 Evaluate different research approaches and methodology

and make justifications for the choice of methods selected
based on philosophical/ theoretical frameworks.
D1 Critically evaluate research methodologies and processes in
application to a computing research project to justify chosen
research methods and analysis.

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Research Proposal Form

Student Name Ms.Chalani Kaushalya Siriwardana.
Student number E013011 Date 18/07/2023
Centre Name Esoft Metro Campus

Unit Unit 22
Tutor Ms.Tharika Amali
Proposed title
Studying the environmental impact of e-waste management in the IT
sector in Sri Lanka
Section One: Title, objective, responsibilities
Title or working title of research project (in the form of a question, objective or
hypothesis): Research project objectives (e.g. what is the question you want to
answer? What do you want to learn how to do? What do you want to find
out?): Introduction, Objective, Sub Objective(s), Research Questions and/or
Hypothesis
Introduction of E-waste
Electronic waste, or e-waste, refers to electronic devices that have
reached the end of their useful life and are discarded. Proper
management of e-waste is important because it contains hazardous
materials that can have negative impacts on the environment if not
properly handled. In Sri Lanka, the IT sector generates a significant
amount of e-waste, and the proper management of this waste is an
important concern.
There are several ways that e-waste from the IT sector can have
negative environmental impacts in Sri Lanka. One concern is the
release of toxic substances such as lead, mercury, and cadmium into
the environment during the recycling or disposal process. These
substances can contaminate soil and water, leading to negative impacts
on ecosystems.
Another concern is the potential for improper disposal of e-waste,
such as through illegal dumping or burning. This can release harmful
substances into the air and cause air pollution.

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In order to mitigate these negative impacts,

it is important for Sri Lanka to implement proper e-waste management
practices. This can include recycling programs, education campaigns,
and regulations to ensure that e-waste is properly handled. By
addressing the issue of e-waste in the IT sector, Sri Lanka can work
towards a more sustainable and healthy future.
Independent variables.
IV 1 Information technology (IT) and telecommunications equipment
IV 2 Monitoring and control instrument
IV 3 Electrical and electronic tools
Environmental implication:
The environmental implication of e-waste management in

the IT sector
Electronic waste, or e-waste, is a growing problem worldwide, as the

volume of electronic devices being discarded increases rapidly. In the
IT sector, e-waste can include a wide range of products, such as
computers, laptops, smartphones, tablets, and other electronic devices.
Proper management of e-waste is important because many of these
devices contain hazardous materials, such as lead, mercury, and
cadmium, which can have negative environmental impacts if not
handled properly.
One of the main environmental implications of e-waste management in

the IT sector is the potential for hazardous materials to be released into
the environment. For example, if electronic devices are not dismantled
and recycled properly, toxic chemicals and metals can leach into soil
and water, potentially contaminating the local environment. In addition,

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improper e-waste management can result in

the release of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide and methane,
as a result of the energy-intensive processes used to extract valuable
materials from electronic devices.
Another environmental implication of e-waste management in the IT

sector is the loss of valuable resources. Many electronic devices
contain valuable materials, such as gold, silver, and copper, which can
be recovered and reused if the devices are recycled properly. However,
if these materials are not properly recovered and recycled, they are lost
to the environment and must be mined anew, contributing to resource
depletion and environmental degradation.
Overall, it is important to properly manage e-waste in the IT sector to

minimize the negative environmental impacts of electronic devices.
This includes ensuring that e-waste is properly collected and recycled,
and that hazardous materials are properly handled and disposed of to
prevent contamination of the environment.
Research Objectives
RO1
To identify the impact of telecommunication devices related to e-
waste on the environment.
RO2
To identify the impact of Monitoring and controlling instrument-
related e-waste on the environment
RO3
To identify the impact of Electrical and electronic tools related to e-
Research Questions

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RQ1: What is the impact of E-waste

management to identify the impact of Telecommunication devices
related e-waste on environment?
RQ2: What is the impact of E-waste management to identify the impact

of monitoring and control instrument related e-waste on environment?
RQ3: What is the impact of E-waste management to identify the impact

Electrical and electronic tools related e-waste on environment?
Research hypotheses
Hypothesis for H1:

Telecommunication devises related e-waste make an impact
environment
The increasing use of telecommunication devices leads to a

corresponding increase in e-waste production, which has a negative
impact on the environment.
Proper disposal and recycling of telecommunication devices can
significantly reduce their impact on the environment.
Hypothesis for H2:

Monitoring and control instrument related e-waste make an impact
environment
Monitoring and controlling instruments, which are widely used in

industrial and commercial sectors, contribute to a significant amount
of e-waste production, which has a negative impact on the
environment.
Implementing effective e-waste management strategies, including
proper disposal and recycling, can help to mitigate the negative impact
of monitoring and controlling instruments on the environment.
Hypothesis for H3:

Electrical and electronic tools related e-waste make an impact
environment

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Electrical and electronic tools are a major

source of e-waste, which has a negative impact on the environment.
Promoting the use of sustainable and eco-friendly electrical and
electronic tools, as well as implementing effective e-waste
management strategies, can help to reduce the negative impact of e-
Section Two: Reasons for choosing this research project

Reasons for choosing the project (e.g. links to other subjects you are studying,
personal interest, future plans, knowledge/skills you want to improve, why the
topic is important): Motivation, Research gap
Reasons for choosing the project
There are several reasons why one might choose to study the
environmental impact of e-waste management in the IT sector in Sri
Lanka:
Growing e-waste problem: The IT sector in Sri Lanka, like many

countries, is rapidly growing, and with this growth comes an increase in
e-waste. This increase in e-waste poses a significant environmental
threat, and understanding the impact of e-waste management in this
sector is important for addressing this problem.
Limited research: There may be limited research on the specific issue of

e-waste management in the IT sector in Sri Lanka, making it a valuable
area for further study.
Environmental concerns: As e-waste contains toxic materials, it can have

serious environmental impacts if not properly managed. By studying e-
waste management in the IT sector in Sri Lanka, researchers can gain
insight into the environmental impacts of this issue and develop
strategies to mitigate these impacts.
Economic and Social Impact: The IT sector in Sri Lanka is a vital part of
the country's economy and studying the environmental impact of e-waste
management in this sector can provide valuable insights on how to

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promote sustainable practices and how to

mitigate negative impacts on the economy
and society.
Gaining International recognition: Sri Lanka has a relatively small IT

sector compared to other countries and studying the environmental
impact of e-waste management in this sector can help to put Sri Lanka
on the map as a country that is making an effort to address this important
issue.
Section Three: Literature sources searched

Use of key literature sources to support your objective, Sub Objective, research
question and/or hypothesis: Can include the Conceptual Framework
Information
technology (IT) and
telecommunications
Monitoring and Environment

control impact
Electrical and
electronic
tools
E-waste
Section Four: Activities and timescales

Activities to be carried out during the research project (e.g. research,
development, analysis of ideas, writing, data collection, numerical analysis,
tutor meetings, production of final outcome, evaluation, writing the report)
and How long this will take:
Milestone Propose completion

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data
Finalizing the research 25/12/2022
topic
Proposal Submission 02/05/2023
Data analysis 16/06/2023
Final report submission 18/07/2023
Section Five: Research approach and methodologies

Type of research approach and methodologies you are likely to use, and
reasons for your choice: What your areas of research will cover: Research
Onion; Sample Strategy/Method; Sample Size
Type of research approach and methodologies
The type of research approach and methodologies that can be used to

investigate the research questions and hypotheses related to e-waste
management and its impact on information security risks in the IT sector
include:
Quantitative research: This approach involves collecting numerical data

through methods such as surveys, experiments, and statistical analysis.
This can help to determine the prevalence and severity of information
security risks in relation to e-waste management practices in the IT
sector.
Qualitative research: This approach involves collecting non-numerical

data through methods such as interviews, focus groups, and case studies.
This can help to gain a deeper understanding of the experiences,
perceptions, and attitudes of individuals and organizations towards e-
waste management and information security risks in the IT sector.
Mixed methods research: This approach combines both quantitative

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and qualitative methods to triangulate data

and provide a comprehensive understanding of the research topic.
Data Analysis: This approach involves the analysis of large data sets to
identify patterns, trends, and relationships that can inform the research
question and hypothesis.
Case study research: This approach focuses on a specific case or

scenario and examines it in-depth to understand the complexities and
nuances of the research topic.
The choice of research approach and methodology will depend on the

specific research questions and hypotheses, as well as the research
objectives, available resources and feasibility of the study.
Research Onion
The Research Onion, also known as the Research Process Model, is a

visual framework that illustrates the different layers of a research project
and the progression from the initial planning stages to the final reporting
of findings.

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The Research Onion Diagram Source: (Saunders et al., 2009) |

Download Scientific Diagram (researchgate.net)

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The layers of the Research Onion include:
Philosophy: The underlying philosophy or worldview that guides the

research, such as positivism, interpretivism, or critical theory.
Approach: The overall research approach, such as quantitative,

qualitative, or mixed methods.
Strategy: The specific research strategy, such as case study, survey, or

experimentation.
Choices: The specific choices made in relation to data collection and

analysis methods, such as the use of surveys, interviews, or statistical
analysis.
Time Horizon: The time frame within which the research will be
conducted, such as cross-sectional or longitudinal.
Techniques: The specific techniques used to collect and analyze data,

such as questionnaires, interviews, or statistical analysis.
Timeframe: The specific time frame within which the research will be
conducted, such as cross-sectional or longitudinal.
Scope: The specific scope of the research, such as the population,

sample, and variables of interest.
Each layer of the Research Onion is built upon the previous one, with
the underlying philosophy informing the overall approach, which in turn
informs the specific research strategy and choices, and so on. By
following the Research Onion framework, researchers can ensure that

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their research is well-planned and executed,

and that the findings are robust and reliable.
For this project on the research topic of "e-waste management and

its impact on information security risks in the IT sector," the
Research Onion can be applied as follows:
Philosophy: The underlying philosophy guiding the research could be

positivism, as the project aims to identify and measure the impact of e-
waste management on information security risks in the IT sector through
quantitative data analysis.
Approach: The overall research approach would be quantitative, as the

project aims to collect and analyze numerical data through methods such
as surveys and statistical analysis.
Strategy: The specific research strategy would be a survey, as the project

aims to gather data from a large sample of individuals and organizations
in the IT sector about their e-waste management practices and
perceptions of information security risks.
Choices: The specific choices made in relation to data collection and

analysis methods would include the use of online surveys, statistical
analysis software, and data visualization tools.
Time Horizon: The time frame within which the research will be
conducted would be cross-sectional, as the project aims to collect data at
a specific point in time.
Techniques: The specific techniques used to collect data would be online

surveys, while the specific techniques used to analyze data would be
statistical analysis software and data visualization tools.
Scope: The specific scope of the research would include a sample of

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individuals and organizations in the IT

sector, and the variables of interest would include e-waste management
practices and perceptions of information security risks.
By following the Research Onion framework, the research project will

have a clear and well-defined methodology, which will help to ensure
that the findings are robust and reliable, and that the research is well-
planned and executed.
Sample Strategy/Method
A sample strategy/method for conducting research on the topic of "e-

waste management and its impact on information security risks in the IT
sector" could involve the following steps:
Define the population: The population for this research would be

individuals and organizations in the IT sector in Sri Lanka.
Determine the sample: A sample of individuals and organizations in the

IT sector would be selected through a stratified random sampling
method. This would ensure that the sample is representative of the
population and that different strata of the population are adequately
represented.
Develop the survey instrument: A survey instrument would be developed

to collect data on e-waste management practices and perceptions of
information security risks. The survey would be pilot-tested to ensure its
reliability and validity.
Collect data: Data would be collected through online surveys sent to the
selected sample of individuals and organizations in the IT sector.
Analyse data: The collected data would be analysed using statistical

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analysis software. Descriptive statistics

would be used to summarize the data and inferential statistics would be
used to test the research hypotheses.
Present findings: The findings would be presented in a report, including

tables, figures, and charts to illustrate the results. The report would also
include a discussion of the findings, their implications, and
recommendations for future research.
Validity and Reliability: The survey instrument would be tested for

validity and reliability by pilot testing it with a small sample of
participants, and then making necessary modifications.
This sample strategy/method provides a general outline of the steps that

can be taken to conduct research on the topic of "e-waste management
and its impact on information security risks in the IT sector." However,
depending on the specific research questions and hypotheses, the actual
research strategy may be different, and the researcher may need to make
adjustments to the sample strategy/method to suit the research.
Sample Size
The sample size for a research project studying the environmental

impact of e-waste management in the IT sector in Sri Lanka would
depend on several factors such as the overall population size, the desired
level of precision, and the acceptable margin of error.
A sample size calculator can be used to determine the appropriate sample

size for a given population size, level of precision, and margin of error.
In general, a larger sample size will provide more accurate results, but it
also increases the cost and complexity of the research.
For example, for a population of 2,000 IT companies in Sri Lanka, a

sample size of at least 384 would be needed to achieve a margin of error

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of 5% with a 95% level of confidence. This

sample size would be representative of the population and would provide
a good estimate of the environmental impact of e-waste management in
the IT sector in Sri Lanka.
It is worth noting that, when collecting data through surveys, the

response rate should also be considered, as a lower response rate will
increase the margin of error. A sample size of 384 would be appropriate
if the response rate is at least 30%. If the response rate is lower, then a
higher sample size would be needed to account for non-response bias.
It is important to note that the sample size calculation is a rough

estimate, and the actual sample size can be adjusted based on the
available resources, feasibility and other factors that may affect the
study.
Reference List
“A Review of Electrical and Electronic Waste Management in Sri Lanka.”
International Conference on Chemical, Civil and Environmental
Engineering (CCEE’2014) Nov 18-19, 2014 Singapore, 18 Nov. 2014,
https://doi.org/10.15242/iicbe.c1114008.
Gunarathne, Nuwan, et al. “Challenges Facing Sustainable Urban Mining in the
E-Waste Recycling Industry in Sri Lanka.” Journal of Cleaner
Production, vol. 251, Apr. 2020, p. 119641,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.119641. Accessed 12 Jan. 2020.
Kankanamge, Champika Ellawala. “Consumer Behavior in the Use and
Disposal of Personal Electronics: A Case Study of University Students
in Sri Lanka.” Circular Economy and Sustainability, 17 June 2022,

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https://doi.org/10.1007/s43615-022-
00185-7. Accessed 29 June 2022.
Ranasinghe, Wilka Wayanthi, and Bandunee C. L. Athapattu. “13 - Challenges
in E-Waste Management in Sri Lanka.” ScienceDirect, Butterworth-
Heinemann, 1 Jan. 2020,
www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/B978012817030400011
5. Accessed 11 July 2023.
Shibly, F.H.A., and S.S. Thelijjagoda. “Development of a Web Based
Electronic Waste Management System: A Study with Special Reference
to Recycling Companies in Sri Lanka.” Proceedings of International
Forestry and Environment Symposium, vol. 20, no. 0, 15 Oct. 2015,
https://doi.org/10.31357/fesympo.v20i0.2562.
Sustainability.” Advances in Multimedia, vol. 2022, 17 May 2022, pp.
1–12, https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/6324325.

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Comments and agreement from tutor

Comments
(optional):
I confirm that the project is not work which has been or will be submitted for
another qualification and is appropriate.
Agreed Yes ☐ No Name Date
☐
Comments and agreement from project proposal checker (if applicable)

Comments
(optional):
I confirm that the project is appropriate.
Agreed Yes ☐ No Name Date

☐
Research Ethics Approval Form

All students conducting research activity that involves human participants or the use of data
collected from human participants are required to gain ethical approval before commencing
their research. Please answer all relevant questions and note that your form may be
returned if incomplete.
Section 1: Basic Details
Project title: Studying the environmental impact of e-waste management in the IT
sector in Sri Lanka.
Student name: Chalani Kaushalya Siriwardana.
Student ID number: E013011
Programme: BTECH HND in Computing
School: Esoft Metro Campus – Matara.
Intended research start date: 25/12/2022
Intended research end date: 18/07/2023
Section 2: Project Summary
Please select all research methods that you plan to use as part of your project
 Interviews: ☐
 Questionnaires: ☒
 Observations: ☐
 Use of Personal Records: ☐
 Data Analysis: ☐
 Action Research: ☐
 Focus Groups: ☐
 Other (please specify): ☐ ............................................................
Section 3: Participants
Please answer the following questions, giving full details where necessary.

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Will your research involve human

participants? YES
Who are the participants? Tick all that apply:

Age 12-16 ☐ Young People aged 17–18 ☐ Adults ☒
How will participants be recruited (identified and approached)?
Describe the processes you will use to inform participants about what
you are doing:
Type of research approach and methodologies
The type of research approach and methodologies that can be used to

investigate the research questions and hypotheses related to e-waste
management and its impact on information security risks in the IT
sector include:
Quantitative research: This approach involves collecting numerical data

through methods such as surveys, experiments, and statistical analysis.
This can help to determine the prevalence and severity of information
security risks in relation to e-waste management practices in the IT
sector.
Qualitative research: This approach involves collecting non-

numerical data through methods such as interviews, focus groups, and
case studies. This can help to gain a deeper understanding of the
experiences, perceptions, and attitudes of individuals and organizations
towards e-waste management and information security risks in the IT
sector.
Mixed methods research: This approach combines both quantitative

and qualitative methods to triangulate data and provide a
comprehensive understanding of the research topic.
Data Analysis: This approach involves the analysis of large data sets to
identify patterns, trends, and relationships that can inform the research

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question and hypothesis.
Case study research: This approach focuses on a specific case or

scenario and examines it in-depth to understand the complexities and
nuances of the research topic.
The choice of research approach and methodology will depend on the

specific research questions and hypotheses, as well as the research
objectives, available resources and feasibility of the study.
Studies involving questionnaires:
Will participants be given the option of omitting questions they do not

wish to answer?
Yes ☐ No ☒
If “NO” please explain why below and ensure that you cover any
ethical issues arising from this.
If "NO," participants will not be given the option to omit questions
they do not wish to answer. This decision may raise ethical issues
related to participant autonomy and privacy. By not providing the
option to omit questions, participants might feel uncomfortable or
coerced into answering sensitive or personal questions, potentially
compromising their confidentiality. Respecting participants' right to
refuse answering certain questions is essential for maintaining ethical
research practices and ensuring participant well-being and informed
consent. Researchers should carefully consider the potential impact on
participants and strive to create a questionnaire that respects their
autonomy and privacy while still gathering valuable data for the study.
Studies involving observation:

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Confirm whether participants will be asked

for their informed consent to be observed.
Yes ☐ No ☒
Will you debrief participants at the end of their participation (i.e. give
them a brief explanation of the study)?
Yes ☐ No ☒
Will participants be given information about the findings of your
study? (This could be a brief summary of your findings in general)
Yes ☐ No ☒
Section 4: Data Storage and Security

Confirm that all personal data will be stored and processed in
compliance with the Data Protection Act (1998)
Yes ☒ No ☐
Who will have access to the data and personal information?
only for me
During the research:
Where will the data be stored?

Google driver
Will mobile devices such as USB storage and laptops be used?
Yes ☒ No ☐
If “YES”, please provide further details:
After the research:
Where will the data be stored?

SPSS table and spread sheet
How long will the data and records be kept for and in what format?
PDF & Spired Sheet
Will data be kept for use by other researchers?
Yes ☐ No ☒
If “YES”, please provide further details:
Section 5: Ethical Issues
Are there any particular features of your proposed work which may raise
ethical concerns? If so, please outline how you will deal with these:No
Section 6: Declaration
I have read, understood and will abide by the institution’s Research
and Ethics Policy:

lOMoARcPSD|36493089
Yes ☒ No ☐
I have discussed the ethical issues relating
to my research with my Unit Tutor:
Yes ☒ No ☐
I confirm that to the best of my knowledge:
The above information is correct and that this is a full description of
the ethics issues that may arise in the course of my research.
Name: Chalani Kaushalya Siriwardana.
Date: 18/07/2023
Please submit your completed form to: ESOFT Learning Management System
(ELMS)


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Unit 13 CRP Report 2021 2022 -Digital Transformation

HND In Computing (ESOFT Metro Campus)

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Do the assessment criteria awarded match

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Higher Nationals - Summative Assignment Feedback Form

Pass, Merit & Distinction

LO3 Communicate the outcomes of a research project to identified stakeholders

Pass, Merit & Distinction

LO4 Reflect on the application of research methodologies and concepts

Pass, Merit & Distinction

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2. Attach this brief as the first section of your assignment.

3. All the assignments should be prepared using a word processing software.

Word Processing Rules

2. Use 1.5 line spacing. Left justify all paragraphs.

2. Avoid using page borders in your assignment body.

8. Failure to achieve at least PASS criteria will result in a REFERRAL grade .

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1. I know that plagiarism is a punishable offence because it constitutes theft.

Student’s Signature: Date:

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Higher National Diploma in Computing

 The submission is in the form of an individual written report.

 The submission is in the form of an individual written report.

 referenced using the Harvard referencing system.

 Please provide a referencing list using the Harvard referencing system.

 The recommended word limit is minimum 4,500 words

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Assignment Brief and Guidance:

 Draw conclusion based on the research findings.

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P3 Conduct primary and secondary research using

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Studying the environmental impact of e-waste

Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the

Name of research Tutor: Miss Amali Tharika

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Name of Research Candidate: Chalani Kaushalya Siriwardana

Programme Name: CRP

Candidate Signature: E013011@esoft.academy Date: 18/07/2023

Subscribed and solemnly declared before,

Supervisor’s Signature: Date:

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