UNIT 1: CHAPTER 2 ARCHITECTURE IN CELLS

What should we accomplish at the

end of the period?
Describe some cell modifications that
lead to adaptation to carry out
specialized functions.
CELL MODIFICATION

Specialized cellular modifications are

alterations in cells that distinguish them
from one another.
These modifications lead to cell
adaptation and allows the cell to carry
out specialized functions
 CILIA
Hair-like extensions that
are further categorized to
Motile Cilia -
functions to aid the
movement of material
in the cell surface
Non - motile Cilia -
functions to aid
sensory organelles
 CILIA
Motile Cilia - found in respiratory
tract & fallopian tubes (humans).

Other organisms may also have cilia

to aid in their movement
Paramecium
 FLAGELLA
A flagellum usually
moves in a snakelike
motion (undulation)
Sperm
driving the cell in the
same direction as the
axis of the flagellum.
Functions for
movement

Bacteria
 CILIA FLAGELLA

Flagella are comparatively longer

Cilia are usually shorter in length
in length

The beating pattern of flagella

The beating pattern of cilia is very
involves circular, wave-like
complicated – It can move in a
(undulation) or propeller-like
wide range of motions
motion

The number of cilia is

The number of flagella is
comparatively more (typically
comparatively less
ranges in the thousands)
 MICROVILLI
Small finger-like
extensions of the cell
which functions to
increase the surface
area of the cell to
make absorption more
efficient.
Intestinal Microvilli Location: Lining of the
intestine
White Blood Cells
PSEUDOPODIA
These are
temporary
extensions of the
cytoplasm which
aids in phagocytosis
or engulfing of
cells.

Amoeba
 CUTICLE
The cuticle of plants, which protects their
leaves, fruits, flowers, and non-woody
stems of higher plants, is their outermost
coat. It shields plants from:
pathogen/pest infestation,
UV radiation,
chemical attack,
mechanical damage,
dehydration.
 TRICHOMES
Specialized epidermal cells
known as trichomes are
found on the aerial regions
of plants and are involved
in a variety of biological
processes. Trichomes
shield plants from harmful
elements including
herbivore attack.