GUL ZAHRA JAMAL (GEOGRAPHY 2059/2 NOTES) 1 CHAPTER 1A: LOCATION OF PAKISTAN

CHAPTER 1A
LOCATION OF PAKISTAN

GUL ZAHRA JAMAL (GEOGRAPHY 2059/2 NOTES) 1 CHAPTER 1A: LOCATION OF PAKISTAN
 GUL ZAHRA JAMAL (GEOGRAPHY 2059/2 NOTES) 2 CHAPTER 1A: LOCATION OF PAKISTAN

OBJECTIVES
Candidates should be able to identify the following on a map:
a) The Tropic of Cancer, latitudes 30°N, 36°N, longitudes 64°E, 70°E and 76°E
b) The Arabian Sea
c) The countries sharing a border with Pakistan, and Pakistan’s position in relation to others
in South and Central Asia. Location of provinces and cities
d) The provinces, Northern Areas (Gilgit–Baltistan) and FATA
e) Named cities: Islamabad, Murree, Rawalpindi, Gujranwala, Lahore, Faisalabad, Multan,
Sialkot, Peshawar, Chitral, Gilgit, Hyderabad, Karachi, Quetta and Gwadar.

GUL ZAHRA JAMAL (GEOGRAPHY 2059/2 NOTES) 2 CHAPTER 1A: LOCATION OF PAKISTAN
 GUL ZAHRA JAMAL (GEOGRAPHY 2059/2 NOTES) 3 CHAPTER 1A: LOCATION OF PAKISTAN

TASK 1 – LATITUDES AND LONGITUDES:

• Pakistan is located within the

latitude and longitude of 30°N &
70º E (central point) in South Asia in
the Northern- Eastern Hemisphere
on the globe. Parachinar
• Specifically, West to East, Pakistan is
located between 61E to 78 E and
from South to North, it’s located
between 24N to 37N
• The trick to memorizing the lines is Chaghi
to first identify key points of
Tropic of
Pakistan. One is the Chaghi Point
Cancer 23.5N
(30N – 61E) and other is the
Parachinar point (34N-70E).
• Follow the objectives and identify
the following lines
✓ latitudes 30°N, 36°N
✓ longitudes 64°E, 70°E and 76°E
✓ Tropic of Cancer is at 23.5N
(dotted line)

GUL ZAHRA JAMAL (GEOGRAPHY 2059/2 NOTES) 3 CHAPTER 1A: LOCATION OF PAKISTAN
 GUL ZAHRA JAMAL (GEOGRAPHY 2059/2 NOTES) 4 CHAPTER 1A: LOCATION OF PAKISTAN

TASK 2: LOC OF ARABIAN SEA, NEIGHBORS, PROVINCES

Named Sea, Neighbors, Provinces Named cities:

a) The Arabian Sea i. Islamabad,
b) The countries sharing a border with Pakistan, ii. Murree,
✓ Afghanistan iii. Rawalpindi,
✓ Iran iv. Gujranwala,
✓ India v. Lahore,
✓ China vi. Faisalabad,
a) Country not sharing a border but close vii. Multan,
✓ Tajikistan viii. Sialkot,
b) The provinces, ix. Peshawar,
✓ Punjab x. Chitral,
✓ KPK xi. Gilgit,
✓ Balochistan xii. Hyderabad,
✓ Sindh xiii. Karachi,
✓ Gilgit Baltistan xiv. Quetta
✓ FATA xv. Gwadar.

GUL ZAHRA JAMAL (GEOGRAPHY 2059/2 NOTES) 4 CHAPTER 1A: LOCATION OF PAKISTAN
 GUL ZAHRA JAMAL (GEOGRAPHY 2059/2 NOTES) 5 CHAPTER 1A: LOCATION OF PAKISTAN

TASK 3: STRATEGIC IMPORTANCE OF PAKISTAN’S LOCATION

❖ Pakistan has access to warm waters through economically viable ports like Gawadar, Karachi and Bin
Qasim ports which can welcome landlocked countries like Russia, CAS republics and Afghanistan on the
pattern of the ATTA (Afghan Transit Trade Agreement).
❖ Pakistan is connected to Afghanistan by historic passes e.g., Khyber & Khojak. Pakistani and Afghan
business leaders believe the potential between both the countries is approximately $10 billion but due to
deteriorating confidence building measures, lack of communication and increasing trust deficit, the volume
is declining significantly. Currently, bilateral trade is less than $2 billion. The sectors that offer attractive
prospects across the border included cement, paints, packaging, mining and minerals, energy solutions,
pharmaceuticals, engineering, service sector (training and development, audit, education)
Telecommunication and I.T solutions, textile, food processing, dairy products, transport and logistics,
banking, construction and infrastructure
❖ A narrow strip of Wakhan (Afghanistan) separates it from Central Asian States (CAS republics) which
have huge deposits of gas and oil from which Pakistan can easily attPribute its energy requirements.
❖ Pakistan is connected to India by road & rail routes which is feasible for trade if and when relations are
cordial. Pakistan’s exports to India are concentrated in a few primary and intermediate products — dried
dates ($92 million), cement ($63 million), sugar ($23 million), gypsum ($19 million), sesame seed ($15
million), leather ($14 million), steel scrap ($13 million), disodium carbonate ($12 million) and surgical
instruments ($11 million).
❖ Pak’s coast is a strong access b/w the Middle East & Far East + SE Asia making import of oil and other
valuables more feasible through the oil pipelines.
❖ Connected to Iran by road & rail routes. Huge deposits of power resources in Iran can be of great help to
Pak which has direct/indirect border connections. Other imports like fruits, plastics, carpets, canned goods,
ceramic ad soaps are also made possible,
❖ Connected to China through the Khunjerab Pass (KKH). Bilateral trade with China is an important aspect
for Pakistan in many industrial and technological advances. Major exports of cotton yarn and fabrics are
done in exchange for technology, nuclear deals, heavy duty machinery, iron and steel and various medical
and pharmaceutical products
❖ Major airports of Pakistan, like Karachi, Islamabad, Lahore and Peshawar play key roles in connecting
international routes to all major countries for ease of transport of expensive cargo and technical expertise
across the borders.

GUL ZAHRA JAMAL (GEOGRAPHY 2059/2 NOTES) 5 CHAPTER 1A: LOCATION OF PAKISTAN
 GUL ZAHRA JAMAL (GEOGRAPHY 2059/2 NOTES) 6 CHAPTER 1A: LOCATION OF PAKISTAN

DEFINITIONS Fold: A bend in rock strata caused by the movement of earth's crust.

Geography: The Geography is a combination of two words i.e. Geo CAS REPUBLIC: The region consists of the former Soviet republics
and Graph. Geo means land / earth and Graph means description, it of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan
means description of earth / land is called
Geography.
Cardinal Points: The four main points of
the compass i.e. North, South, East and
West, but the other lies in the midway
between the cardinal points i.e. NE, SE, NW
and SW.

Globe: Round maps of our world are called

globe.
Map: When the earth or part of it is transferred to a flat sheet of paper,
it is called map. Before making a map, it is necessary to make a scale.
Latitude: These are imaginary lines run east to west on the globe are
called lines of latitude. OR The horizontal lines on the globe are called
lines of latitude. Total latitudes are 180, 90 in north of the equator and
90 in south of the equator.
Longitude: The vertical lines on the globe run from North to south
between the poles are called lines of longitude. Total longitudes are
360, 180 in east side and 180 in west side.
Border: The imaginary line between two continents is called border.
Equator: It is an imaginary line drawn around the middle of the earth.
If we cut along the equator, the earth separates into two hemisphere i.e.
Northern Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere. Most of the earth’s
land is the Northern Hemisphere.

Prime Meridian: It is an imaginary line that runs from north to south

poles. This creates eastern and western hemisphere. The continents in
the eastern hemisphere are traditionally called Old World, while those
in the western hemisphere called (U.S.A) Modern World.
Fault: A fracture in earth's crust means the land is faulted.

GUL ZAHRA JAMAL (GEOGRAPHY 2059/2 NOTES) 6 CHAPTER 1A: LOCATION OF PAKISTAN