Physical education

School based assessment (SBA)

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 Table of content
Topics Pages

Introduction…………………………………………………….
Roles and responsibilities of team manager……………………
History of football overall……………………………………...
History of football in Jamaica………………………………….
Reflection 1…………………………………………………….
Summary of events……………………………………………..
Reflection 2…………………………………………………….

Introduction
I’m Kemar Cowan a grade 11 physical education student at the Vere technical high
school where I enjoy the physical aspect of school life. It is my ambition to pursue
a career in the field of sport. I live at Corn Piece Settlement with parents who
support my dream of becoming a professional football player where I encourage
other students to play football.

Physical education, often abbreviated to Phys. Ed. Or PE, is a subject taught in

schools around the world. PE is taught during primary and secondary education
and encourages psychomotor, cognitive, and affective learning through physical
activity and movement exploration to promote health and physical fitness. When
taught correctly and in a positive manner, children and teens can receive a storm of
health benefits. These include reduced metabolic disease risk, improved
cardiorespiratory fitness, and better mental health. In addition, PE classes can
produce positive effects on students’ behavior and academic performance.
Research has shown that there is a positive correlation between brain development
and exercising. Researchers in 2007 found a profound gain in English Arts
standardized test scores among students who had 56 hours of physical education in
a year, compared to those who had 28 hours of physical education a year.

WHAT ARE THE ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES

OF A TEAM MANAGER?
The role of a team manager encompasses a diverse range of responsibilities, all
aimed at fostering cohesion, productivity, and success within the team. At its core,
a team manager is a leader who guides, motivates, and supports team members to
achieve their goals. One of their primary responsibilities is to establish clear
objectives and priorities, ensuring that every team member understands their role
in achieving these targets. Effective communication is key, as the manager must
facilitate open dialogue, provide constructive feedback, and resolve conflicts
swiftly to maintain a harmonious working environment. Additionally, they serve as
the main point of contact between upper management and the team, relaying
important information, advocating for resources, and aligning the team's efforts
with broader organizational goals.

Moreover, a team manager is tasked with talent management and development.

This involves identifying each team member's strengths, weaknesses, and
developmental needs, and providing them with opportunities for growth and skill
enhancement. Whether through training programs, mentorship initiatives, or
delegation of challenging tasks, the manager plays a pivotal role in nurturing the
professional development of their team. Furthermore, they must allocate resources
efficiently, manage budgets effectively, and ensure that all projects are delivered on
time and within scope. Beyond day-to-day operations, a team manager also has a
strategic dimension to their role, as they contribute to long-term planning, risk
management, and continuous process improvement initiatives. In essence, the team
manager serves as the linchpin that holds the team together, empowering
individuals to perform at their best while steering the collective efforts towards
achieving overarching objectives.

History of football
More than 240 million people around the world play soccer regularly according to
the Federation Internationale de Football Association (FIFA). The game has
evolved from the sport of kicking a rudimentary animal-hide ball around into the
World Cup sport it is today.

Records trace the history of soccer back more than 2,000 years ago to ancient
China. Greece, Rome, and parts of Central America also claim to have started the
sport; but it was England that transitioned soccer, or what the British and many
other people around the world call “football,” into the game we know today. The
English are credited with recording the first uniform rules for the sport, including
forbidding tripping opponents and touching the ball with hands.

As the sport developed, more rules were implemented and more historical
landmarks were set. For example, the penalty kick was introduced in 1891. FIFA
became a member of the International Football Association Board of Great Britain
in 1913. Red and yellow cards were introduced during the 1970 World Cup finals.
More recent major changes include goalkeepers being banned from handling
deliberate back passes in 1992 and tackles from behind becoming red-card
penalties in 1998.

The first football association was formed in England in 1863. Rules were
established - but continued to change - and the size and weight of the match-ball
standardized. Crucially, carrying the ball with the hands was outlawed: association
football (soccer) and rugby became two separate entities.

Football continued to undergo rapid development into the 1900s, accelerated by

industrialization. Public school teams soon became the minority following the
emergence of factory and other work-based clubs. The best players received
monetary incentives, and tickets were sold to the public - mainly members of the
working-class - for matches.

Domestic leagues became commonplace around the world - the English Football
League being the first professional division. In Germany, football was played at an
amateur level until 1949, when semi-professional leagues were introduced. The
country's first professional division, the Bundesliga, started in 1963/64. Forty-six
clubs from the former West Germany applied for admission to the new league.
Sixteen were selected based on their sporting track record, economic criteria and
representation of the various sub-regional leagues. Until 2001, the Bundesliga was
directly under the auspices of the Deutscher Fußball-Bund (DFB or German
Football Association). This changed with the formation of the Deutsche Fußball-
Liga (DFL or German Football League).
History of football in Jamaica
In 1893, the Kingston Cricket Club, which was founded in 1863 by the elite of the
colonial society, founded the first football team. Two years later, nationwide
newspapers report about women's football for the first time.

Between 1925 and 1932, a Jamaican men's national team was formed and played a
number of friendlies, mostly against neighbors Haiti. These matches were usually
played at Sabina Park, the main cricket ground of the island. In the following
years, female football clubs started to form in Kingston, playing a first match in the
same stadium in November 1935 to raise funds for charities. In the coming years,
women's football started to outgrow men's football on the island and reached the
cities of Spanish Town, Montego Bay, Port Antonio and Saint Ann's Bay,
attracting more fans than the men did and igniting public debates about the need
for a nationwide league for women. Starting from the 1940s, there is no further
reporting on women's football, suggesting that Jamaica Football Federation might
have followed the English FA and officially banned the sport for women. It is
unknown if men played football at that time on the island, but by 1952 a Jamaican
men's representative team again played internationally, organizing an entire series
against a Caribbean All Stars team. Under the leadership of Jorge Penna Jamaica
did participate in a men's FIFA World Cup qualification campaign for the first time
in 1965, failing to qualify for the 1966 edition by losing to Mexico and Costa Rica
in the final stage.

Reflection 1
Appendix
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