CBLM Drive Light Vehicle Final

COMPETENCY BASED LEARNING MATERIAL
Sector:
AUTOMOTIVE AND LAND TRANSPORT
Qualification:
DRIVING NC II
Unit of Competency:
DRIVE LIGHT VEHICLE

Module Title:
DRIVING LIGHT VEHICLE
Technical Education and Skills Development

Authority
NO. UNIT OF COMPETENCIES MODULE TITLE CODE

CBLM on DRIVING NC II
Drive Light Vehicle

HOW TO USE THIS COMPETENCY BASED LEARNING MATERIALS
Welcome to the module in Driving NC II. This module contains

training materials and activities for you to complete.
The unit of competency “DRIVING LIGHT VEHICLE" contains knowledge,
skills and attitudes required for a trainer course. It is one of the specialized
modules in Driving NC II.
You are required to go through series of learning activities in order
to complete each learning outcome of the module. In each learning outcome
are Information Sheets and Resources Sheets (Reference Materials for further
reading to help you better understand the required activities). Follow these
activities on your own and answer the self-check at the end of each learning
outcome. You may remove a blank answer sheet at the end of each module
(or get one from your facilitator/trainer) to write your answers for each self-
check. If you have questions, don t hesitate to ask your facilitator for
‟
assistance.
You may already have some or most of the knowledge and skills covered
in this learner's guide because you have:
• been working for some time
•
Already completed training in this area.
If you can demonstrate to your trainer that you are competent in a
particular skill or skills, talk to him/her about having them formally
recognized so you don't have to do the same training again. If you have a
qualification or Certificate of Competency from previous trainings, show it to
your trainer. If the skills you acquired are still current and relevant to the
unit/s of competency they may become part of the evidence you can present
for RPL. If you are not sure about the currency of your skills, discuss this
with your trainer.
This module was prepared to help you achieve the required competency
in DRIVING LIGHT VEHICLE. This will be the source of information for you
to acquire knowledge and skills in this particular trade independently and at
your own pace, with minimum supervision or help from your instructor.
• Talk to your trainer and agree on how you will both organize the
Training of this unit. Read through the module carefully. It is divided into
sections, which cover all the skills, and knowledge you need to
successfully complete this module.
Work through all the information and complete the activities in
each section. Read information sheets and complete the self-check.
Suggested references are included to supplement the materials
provided in this module.
Date Developed: Document No. DRV 001

February 2024 Issued by:
CBLM on DRIVING NC II Compiled by: HOLY CHILD
Revision # 0 Page 2 of 65
Drive Light Vehicle JEFFREY C.
ALOLO
• Most probably your trainer will also be your supervisor or
manager. He/she is there to support you and show you the
correct way to do things.
• Your trainer will tell you about the important things you need to
consider when you are completing activities and it is important
that you listen and take notes.
• You will be given plenty of opportunity to ask questions and
practice on the job. Make sure you practice your new skills during
regular work shifts. This way you will improve both your speed
and memory and also your confidence.
• Talk to more experience workmates and ask for their guidance.
• Use the self-check questions at the end of each section to test
your own progress. When you are ready, ask your trainer to
watch you perform the activities outlined in this module.
• As you work through the activities, ask for written feedback on
your progress. Your trainer keeps feedback/ pre-assessment
reports for this reason. When you have successfully completed
each element, ask your trainer to mark on the reports that you
are ready for assessment.
• When you have completed this module (or several modules), and
feel confident that you have had sufficient practice, your trainer
will arrange an appointment with registered assessor to assess
you. The results of your assessment will be recorded in your
competency Achievement Record.
Instructional Sheets:
• Information Sheet – This will provide you with information
(Concepts, principles and other relevant information) needed in
performing certain activities.
• Job Sheet – This is designed to guide you how to do the job that
will contribute to the attainment of the learning outcome.
• Performance Criteria – are evaluative statements that specify
what is to be assessed and the required level of performance.
• Performance Test – to test the demonstrated skills.
Date Developed: February Document No. DRV 002

2024 Issued by:
ALOLO
MODULE CONTENT
UNIT OF COMPETENCY : Drive Light Vehicle
MODULE TITLE : Driving Light Vehicle
MODULE DESCRIPTOR : This module covers the knowledge, skills and

attitudes required in cleaning premises of an
accommodation industry. It includes selection
and set-up of equipment and materials; cleaning
of both wet and dry areas; and maintenance of
cleaning equipment and materials.
NOMINAL DURATION : 80 hours
QUALIFICATION LEVEL : NC II
SUMMARY OF LEARNING
OUTCOMES
Upon completion of this module, the trainee would be able to:

L.O 1 Perform light vehicle pre-starting and warm-up
L.O 2 Drive light vehicle
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA
• Inspect vehicle as per manufacturer’s specification.

• Check Safety harness/devices and tools according to the Land
Transportation Office (LTO)/ Land Transportation Franchising and
Regulatory Board (LTFRB) requirements.
• Perform Warm-up of light vehicle as per manufacturer’s manual.
Date Developed: February Document No. DRV 003

2024 Issued by:
ALOLO
LEARNING OUTCOME #1 Perform vehicle Pre starting and Warm up
CONTENTS • Parts of Light Vehicle and its
Function
• Hand Tools
• LTO/LTFRB Safety
Requirements with some
Safety
Harness/Devices/Tools of a
vehicle
• Routinely Check-up of a
Vehicle/Light Vehicle Pre-
starting and Warm-up
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA • Vehicle Inspection is performed as

per manufacturer’s specification
(THE BLOWBAGETS)
• Safety harness/devices and tools
are check according to the land
transportation office (LTO)/ land
transportation franchising and
regulatory board (LTFRB)
requirements.
Warm up of light vehicle is

•
performed as per manufacturer’s

manual.
REFERENCES • Internet Websites
CONDITION: Students/Trainees must be provided

with the following:
1. WORKPLACE LOCATION:
- Equipment
- Computer
- LCD
2. TOOLS, ACCESSORIES AND
SUPPLIES
- Whiteboard
- CD
- Tapes
3. TRAINING MATERIALS:
- Request form
- Modules
ASSESSMENT METHOD Written Test •
Demonstration •

CBLM on DRIVING NC Compiled by: HOLY CHILD
II Revision # 0 Page 5 of 65
JEFFREY C.
Drive Light Vehicle ALOLO
LEARNING EXPERIENCES
Learning Outcome No. 1 Perform vehicle Pre starting and

Warm up.
Learning Activities Special Instructions
P Read Information sheet Use Information sheet 1. 1-1 on

1. 1-1 Parts of Light Vehicle and its Function
On parts of Light Vehicle
and its Function a
Answer Self-Check 1.1-1 Check your answer using

Answer Key 1.1-1
Read Information sheet 1.1-2 on Use Information sheet 1.1-2 on

Hand Tools Hand Tools
Answer Self-Check 1.1-2 Check your answer using

Answer Key 1.1-2
Read Information sheet 1.1-3 on

Use Information sheet 1.1-3 on
Light Vehicle with some Safety Light Vehicle with some Safety
vehicle
vehicle
Answer Self-Check 1.1-3

Check your answer using
Answer Key 1.1-3
Read Information sheet 1.1-4 on

Use Information sheet 1.1-4 on
Routinely Check-up of a Vehicle
Routinely Check-up of a Vehicle
(BLOWBAGETS)
Answer Self-Check 1.1-4

Check your answer using
Answer Key 1.1-4
Perform Job Sheet 1.1-1 on

Evaluate your Performance
Light Vehicle Pre-starting and
using Performance Criteria
Warm- up
Checklist
Perform Observation Checklist
1.1-1 on Light Vehicle Pre-
Evaluate your
starting and Warm-up
Observation Checklist.
Compiled by: HOLY CHILD
CBLM on DRIVING NC
JEFFREY C.
Information sheet 1.1-1
Parts of Light Vehicle and Its Function
Objectives: After reading this information sheet, the trainee should be able
to:
1. Give the parts of the vehicle and its function.
2. Explain the operation of the speed-control system, and other electrical
and electronic devices.
3. Describe analog and electronic instrument panels, and the operation
of the speedometer and odometer.
I. Vehicle Lightning
A. Lights—the driver uses electric lightning to provide the
illumination or light needed to safely operate the vehicle. The
various lights provide vision and information to the driver,
convenience for passengers, and signals and warnings to other
drivers and pedestrians.
The outside or exterior lights on an automotive include:

1. Two or four headlamps which illuminate the area ahead of
the vehicle.
2. Taillights to show red at the rear of the vehicle.
3. Parking light to mark the front of a parked vehicle, and to
mark the front of the vehicle if a headlamp fails.
4. License light too illuminate the license plate on the rear of
the vehicle.
5. Side-marker lights on the front and rear sides of the vehicle
to indicate its overall length.
6. Turn-signal lights which indicate an intended change in
direction by flashing lights on the side toward which the turn
w ill be ma d e .
7. Ba ck up li g h ts to illuminate in back of the car
when the transmission is shifted into reverse.
8. Emergency flasher or hazard-warning lights that warn an
approaching driver of the presence of a vehicular hazard by
flashing all turn-signal lights together.
The inside of the car has a variety of interior lights. These

include:
1. Instrument-panel lights
2. Warning and indicator lights

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Drive Light Vehicle
ALOLO
3. Courtesy and dome lights—turn on when a door opens.
Courtesy and dome lights are all powered from the fuse panel.
They will operate regardless of the position of the ignition key
or headlamp switch.
B. Light Bulbs
Lightning is provided by various sizes and types of light

bulbs. When an electric current flows through a fine wire or
filament in the bulb, the filament gets hot and emits visible light.
The bulb may fit into a socket which forms part of a lamp. The
bulb may fit into a socket which forms part of a lamp.
Some bulbs have two filaments. This allows a single bulb
to provide light in two circuits for different purposes. The
various bulbs and lighting circuits usually receive power from
the fuse panel, ignition switch, or headlamp switch.
C. Headlamps
It is the most important lamps for the driver. When switch

on, they provide light ahead of the vehicle. The tungsten
filament turns white-hot when connected to the battery and
gives out light. The light is reflected forward by the curved
reflector. Then
the light passes through the lens which arranges it in a pattern
to light the road ahead. The sealed beam headlamp is replaced
as a unit.
Many vehicles have halogen headlamps. These emit a

whiter and brighter light than other sealed-beam lights. The
halogen headlamp has a smaller inner bulb filled with halogen
gas which protects the tungsten filament. The outer case is
airtight or hermetically sealed. The halogen headlamp is
replaced as a unit.
The most widely used headlamps are made in four sizes,

two round and two rectangular The round sizes are 5.75 (146
mm) and 7 inches (178 mm). The rectangular sizes are 6.5 by 4
inches (165 by 100 mm) and 7.9 by 5.6 inches (200 by 142mm).
All have the number the number 1 or 2 molded into the top of the
lens. Type 1 has one high-beam filament. Type 2 has two
filaments, one for high beam and other for low beam. The letter
H or the word HALOGEN appears on the lens of a halogen
headlamp.

ALOLO
Some cars use smaller rectangular headlamps or
aerodynamically-styled composite headlamps .These are made of
plastic instead of glass and have a replaceable halogen bulb.
A vehicle with four headlamps has two type 1 and two
type 2 headlamps. For low- beam driving, one filament in each
type 2 headlamp comes on. On high beam, the other filament in
the type 2 headlamps comes on along with thee single filament
in the type
1 headlamps.
D. Headlamp Switch
The Headlamp Switch controls the operation of the
headlamps and other exterior and interior lights. It connects
directly to the battery and mounts on the instrument panel to
left of the steering wheel. The headlamp switch usually
combines a circuit breaker with a three- position pull switch. It
also includes a rotary switch that operates a variable resistor or
rheostat.
The three positions of the pull switch are OFF, PARK, and
HEADLAMPS. Pulling the knob to the first detent or PARK
position turns on the parking lights, side-marker lights, and
instrumental panel lights. Pulling the knob to the second detent
turns on the headlamps. Clockwise rotation of the knob varies
the instrument-panel lighting from full bright to dim Rotating
the knob fully counterclockwise turns on the dome light and
courtesy lights. Instead of the pull-type headlamp switch, some
cars have three-position rocker switch and a rotating
thumbwheel on the instrument panel.
E. Automatic Headlamp Controls

The automatic headlamp dimmer automatically switches
the headlamps from high to low beam. This occurs when a light
sensor senses the headlamps of an approaching vehicle or the
tail-lamps of a vehicle overtaken. The light sensor triggers a
relay that switches beams. When the other car has passed, the
system automatically returns the headlamps to high beam. A
sensitivity
control can be set by the driver. This adjusts the light sensor to
the surrounding light.
An automatic on-off headlamp control turns the
headlamps on when it gets dark enough to require light for
driving. A light sensor signals the control module when
headlamps are needed. The control then switches the headlamps
on. This system also includes an adjustable time-delay turn-off.
The headlamps will stay on for a short time after the ignition key
is turned off. This is a convenience when exiting the car at night.
F. Turn-Signal Lights

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Drive Light Vehicle
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The turn signals permit the driver to signal an intention
to turn right or left. The system includes:
1. A lamp at each front and rear corner of the vehicle.
2. A lever-operated turn-signal switch in the steering
column.
3. A flasher which is an automatic-reset circuit breaker.
4. pLeafnt-ela. nd right- turn indicator lights in the instrument
The turn-signal lever is moved up for right turn and down

for a left turn. The turn-signal switch then completes the circuits
to the proper lamps current flows from the battery through the
flasher to the lamps. In the flasher, the current passes through a
thermostatic blade. The resulting heat causes the thermostatic
blade to bend, opening thee flasher contacts. The blade quickly
cools and contacts close. This produces a pulsating voltage that
causes the turn-signal lights to flash.
After completing the turn, the turn movement the steering
wheel automatically cancels the turn signal. The lever moves
back to its neutral position, opening the circuit.
A bulb failure or poor ground may cause the turn signals
to work in one direction but not the other. If no flashing occurs
in either direction, check for a blown fuse or defective flasher.
G. Fiber-optic Lighting
Some cars have as many as 80 light bulbs. Each bulb can
burn out and fail. Some components, such as instrument
panels, have many bulbs close together. However, there is
little room behind the instrument panel for the bulbs, their
sockets, and thee connecting wiring. One solution is the use of
printed circuits. Another is the use of fiber-optic cables.
Fiber-optic cables are made of one or more transparent
glass or plastic fibers bundled together parallel to one
another. Each cable formed by the fiber or bundle can conduct
light, even around bends and corners. As light starts down
thee fiber, the light keeps reflecting off the internal surfaces of
the fiber with little loss. When the light comes out the other
end, it is almost as strong as when it entered.
There is what we call a fiber-optic lamp monitor system.
Fiber-optic cables run from the lamps to a lamp monitor on
top of each front fender. When the headlamps are on, the
lamp monitors show that the lights are working. If a bulb
burns out,
CBLM on DRIVING NC
Drive Light Vehicle

its monitor also goes out. This warns the driver that the lamp
has failed.
Another way to use fiber-optics is to run cables from a
central light source to various outlets where light is needed.
This allows only one bulb to provide light at many places. A
special arc- discharge bulb provides thee light. It is smaller
and lasts longer than a halogen bulb. Similar to a
fluorescent or
neon bulb, there is no filament to burn out. The light appears
at each lamp or outlet only when needed. This system would
prevent the failure of many individual bulbs.
H. Computer Controlled Lighting

In most cars, a separate switch controls each lighting circuit.
However, an electronic-control module or lamp module can
control the complete vehicle lighting system. When the driver
operates any switch that controls a lamp circuit, the switch sends
an input signal to tee lamp module. It then turns the desired
lamps on or off. The lamp module provides the intermittent
operation of the hazard-warning and turn-signal lights. No
flasher is needed.
that In most lighting system a switch supplies voltage to lamps

are permanently grounded. With computer-controlled
lighting, many circuits operate differently. Voltage is always
supplied and a switch or relay provides the lamp ground. The
various lights switches are grouped on the left side of the
steering column in the left switch pod.
I. Distributed Lighting System

The distributed lighting system is a computer-controlled
lighting system that uses the body control module (BCM) as the
lamp module. The system includes nine-solid-state switches or
output switching modules (OSM), a serial data line or bus, and
the left switch pod. The BCM controls all interior and exterior
lighting throughfour
module controls thelamp
switching
circuits.modules. Each divide
Three jumpers switching
the
power feeds into three groups. This prevents a module circuit
failure from making all rear or all front lights inoperative.
In addition to controlling and monitoring lamp operation,
the system can substitute some lamps for others that have
failed. The system includes two extra or redundant relays. They
automatically provide power to the headlamp (low beam) and
left tail amp if the BCM or the serial data buss fails. Problems
in the distributed lighting system cause a LIGHTING FAULT

ALOLO
message to display. This also sets a lighting-system trouble
code which is stored in the BCM.
The operation of the distributed lighting system is made
possible by multiplexing. This is the use of one conductor,
such as the serial data bus, to do the job of many wires. A
single main-wiring harness simplifies the electrical system.
Because of multiplexing, it has fewer connectors which
improve
reliability.
J. Headlamp Aiming
Headlamps must be aimed correctly so the driver can see

at night and to prevent the blinding of approaching drivers.
One method is the use of an aiming screen. Park the car on a
level floor, 25 feet (7.6 m) from the screen. Then the high
beam and low beam can be checked.
Adjust the headlamps to provide the specified pattern.
There are usually adjusted by turning vertical-aim and
horizontal-aim adjusting screws. An adapter mounts to the
three aiming pads on the headlamp. Some shops have an
optical aimer. It does not touch the headlamp. When using a
headlamp aimer, follow the manufacturer’s operating
instructions. Headlamp-aiming patterns and adjustment are
in the vehicle service manual.
Some vehicles have aiming devices built into the

headlamp assembly. A bubble level indicates the proper height
(up-and- down) adjustment as the vertical aim adjusting screws
are turned in and out. Other vehicles also have built-in scales
and pointers for horizontal (side-to-side) adjustment.
Caution:
Halogen bulbs and headlamps get very hot. Do not touch a
halogen bulb or lamp while it is on or shortly after it has been
turned-off. Handle the separately-mounted bulb carefully. It
contains gas under pressure. The bulb may shatter if scratched
and dropped. Do not touch the glass envelope. The oil from your
skin may damage it. Keep the bulb out of reach of children.
II. Safety and Signaling
A. Horn and Horn Relay
Most Cars have two horns at the front of the car. Horns are
electrically-operated noise- makers used by the driver to provide
a loud warning signal. Pressing a horn button in the steering
wheel or column grounds thee circuit connecting the battery to
II Revision # 0
Page 12 of 65
JEFFREY C.
the horn relay. This closes contact points in the relay and
connects the horns—through the relay—to the battery. The
electric current then causes a diaphragm in each horn to vibrate
and produce the sound.
B. Vehicular Security Systems
An anti-theft or security alarm system causes the horn to

sound and the lights to flash if someone tries to break into the
vehicle. There are several different ways to trigger the alarm.
Typically, the driver sets the alarm by operating a switch when
leaving the vehicle. Then opening or forcing the hood, trunk, tailgate,
or any door triggers the alarm.
Many vehicle security systems include a starter interrupt.
This prevents the starting the engine after any forced entry, even if
the ignition switch is bypassed.
C. Seat Belts
Seat Belts restrain the vehicle occupants if there is an
accident. After entering the car, the driver and passengers each
fasten a lap or lap-and-shoulder belt. The belt then helps hold that
person in the seat during a collision or rollover. Inertia-sensitive
retractors lock the belt in place when an impact occurs.
A passive restraint provides protection without requiring
any action by the driver or passenger. Two types of passive
restraints are air bags and motorized seat belts. These are front-seat
shoulder belts that move into position automatically. After entering
the car and closing the door, the driver turns on the ignition key.
The electric motor then pulls a cable or tape connected to the belt.
The belt travels forward and out of the way when the door opens.
In some cars with an air bag on only the driver’s side, the seatbelt for
the front-seat passenger automatically tightens in a crash. This
provides the passenger with additional protection.
C. Air bags
Air bags are also called supplemental inflatable restraints (SIR).
They are balloon-type devices that inflate automatically to protect
the driver (and front-passenger in some vehicles) if a front-end crash
occurs. The air bag prevents the occupant from being thrown
forward and injured by striking the steering wheel or wind-shield.
The seat belt and air bag together provide maximum protection
against injury in a collision.
.When the ignition key is turned on, the readiness indicator light
should come on for about six seconds. Any other operation of the

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light indicates a malfunction. The system is powered directly from
the battery. This allows the air bag to inflate with the ignition key
in any position, including OFF and LOCK.
If a front-end crash occurs, two of the four sensors must
activate to trigger the air bag. This helps prevent a short circuit
in a sensor or wiring from causing an unwanted inflation. When
the sensors detect a collision, an electric spark below the
inflator
in the steering hub ignites a small canister of gas. The gas in turn
ignites the propellant (sodium azide) in the inflator.
The burning propellant creates nitrogen gas. This fills the
air bag stored above in the inflator in the steering wheel hub. As
the bag inflates, it pushes through both the air-cushion
container and the steering wheel trim cover. Deployment time,
from impact to full inflation, is about 50 milliseconds (0.050
second) or less. Some systems include a capacitor that will
trigger the system if the battery or battery cables are damaged
by the impact.
D. Air-Bag Replacement
An air bag inflates only once. Then remove the deployed air
bag and clean the inside of the vehicle. This is necessary because
of the powder emitted as the air bag deploys. Install a new air bag
module. Follow the air-bag service procedures in the vehicle
service manual.
Caution:
Be careful when working on vehicles with air bags. You
could accidentally trigger the system. A deploying air bag could
injure you if you are not belted in the normal seated position.
E. Windshield Wipers and Washers
Windshield wipers clean the windshield so the driver can
see clearly while driving in rain or snow. The wiper blades are
moved back and forth by linkage connected to a motor on the
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sigteneirtinong switch. The motor will run when the ignition key
is in the ON or ACC position.
The windshield-wiper switch has at least two or three
speeds. Many cars have intermittent windshield wipers. These
include an adjustable time delay between blade movements. The
wiper blades will move across and back. Pause, and then repeat
the action.
The windshield washer is a part of the windshield-wiper
system. When the driver presses a button, liquid windshield-
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washer fluid squirts on the windshield. This allows the blades

to clean more effectively. Some cars have heated wind-shield
washer nozzles. This prevents ice from clogging the small holes
in cold weather.
The rear window in some cars has a similar wiper-and
washer-system. It works automatically when the windshield
washer operates.
III. Driver Information and Safety

A. Instrument Pane
The instrument panel contains the indicators—gauges,
lights, and displays— the driver needs to operate the car. These
are usually grouped for easy reading by the driver in an
instrument cluster. Some driver-operated controls mount on the
instrument panel, or above or below it in a console/ these include
the headlamp switch, heating and air-conditioning controls and
the controls of the radio and tape and compact-disc player.
Automotive instrumentation may take the form of analog
gauges or electronic displays. Analog gauges show thee condition
being monitored by movement of thee pointer on the gauge.
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numbers or a bar-graph display. Both types of the instrument
clusters inform the driver of any conditions including:
1. Vehicle speed
2. Distance traveled
3. Engine temperature
4. Engine oil pressure
5. Battery charge or discharge
6. Amount of fuel in fuel tank.
Some cars have a hybrid instrument cluster .It includes

both analog gauges and electronic displays, along with other
indicating devices and warning lights. This may illuminate a
symbol or a message such as DOOR AJAR or TAIL LAMP OUT.
B. Head-up Display
Images containing driving information are projected onto
the windshield. The information includes displays of vehicle
speed, turn-signal indicators, high-beam indicator, and low-fuel
warning. These images appear suspended in space near the
front bumper. The driver’s eyes do not need to move from the road
or refocus to view this information.

JEFFREY C.
Only certain information from the instrument panel
appears in the head-up display. A warning CHECK GAUGES
messages appearing on the windshield alerts the driver that a
gauge on the instrument panel needs attention. Controls allow
adjustment of the head-up display brightness and vertical
location in the windshield.
SPEED OM E T E R A N D O D O ME T E R
C. A sp e ed o m et e r i n th e i n st ru ment
cluster shows the driver how the fast the vehicle is moving. Many
speedometers are driven from the transmission output shaft by a
set of gears. Thee driven gear fastens to a flexible shaft or
speedometer cable. It runs from the transmission output shaft to
the back of the speedometer head.
Inside the speedometer, the cable turns a shaft with a
small magnetic field produces a varying pull on the metal ring
surrounding the magnet. A pointer attaches to the metal ring. As
magnetic field spins, it causes the ring to overcome a light
spring and swing with the magnetic field. This moves the
pointer which then indicates car speed. The faster the car speed,
the faster the
magnet spins, and the farther the pointer moves.
The odometer records the total distance the vehicle has
traveled. It is a row of numbers, usually located in the
speedometer shaft. Its motion is carried through the gears to the
mileage or kilometer number rings. These turn to show the
distance traveled by the vehicle.
Some vehicles have an electronically-driven speedometer
and odometer. A vehicle-speed sensor (VSS) on the transmission
output shaft sends vehicle speed signals through wiring to the
speedometer. This eliminates the speedometer cable. The speed
signals operate a small electric stepper motor which turns the
odometer number rings. Cars with an electronic instrument
cluster have a digital speedometer and odometer display. When
the key is off, the body control module (BCM) stores the odometer
reading. The odometer reading is not lost when the battery is
disconnected.
D. Speed-Control System
The cruise control or speed-control system helps the

vehicle to automatically maintain a speed selected by the driver.
When set at any speed above about 225 mph [40 kmph], the
driver’s foot can be removed from the accelerator pedal. An
actuator motor, vacuum servo then opens and closes the
throttle, as needed to
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maintain the speed. However, steep grades up or down may

cause vehicle speed to vary.
Tapping the clutch or brake pedal operates a switch that
disengages the system. Touching the RESUME button or switch
causes the vehicle to return to the former speed setting.
Depressing thee accelerator pedal for passing does not affect the
setting. Depressing the accelerator pedal for passing does not
affect the setting. When the pedal is released, the system returns
the vehicle to the preset speed. To disengage and turn off the
speed-control system, move the OFF-ON switch to OFF.
E. Networks and Multiplexing
Some cars have several microprocessors which control the
various electronic systems. One way to reduce duplication and
wiring is to have these controllers communicate with each other.
When this happens the group of interconnected components and
systems becomes a network. For example, a sensor is wired to one
controller. If then shares the information with all other controllers
that require it. The vehicle has fewer sensors, and the amount of
wiring and number of connections is greatly reduced.
F. Other electrical and Electronic Devices

The automobile may contain other electrical and electronic
devices in addition to those already described. These include
power seats, power windows, heated windshield, voice alert
systems, voice command systems, mobile telephones, and
electronic navigation systems. Some of these and other electrical
and electronic devices are described below.
1. Electric seat adjusters are motors under the seat that operate
by push buttons or levers to move the seat forward and back,
or up or down. Some also change the inclination and shape,
or contour, of the seat.
2. The window regulator has a motor in the door that raises or
lowers the window as a switch is operated.
3. The voice alert system uses a computerized voice which says,
“The door is ajar,” “The key is in the ignition lock,” or ‘the
headlamps are on.” These and other messages inform the
driver of conditions that need attention.
4. The voice command system causes the car to respond in
some way to a spoken command. This may be “Tune thee
radio,” “Lower thee window,” or “Dial a phone number.”
There are many other voice-command possibilities. One
includes using
JEFFREY C.
a voice command to unlock the car door and operate the

ignition instead of using a key.
5. The keyless entry system has a panel of buttons on the driver-
side door. To unlock the door, the buttons must be pressed in
the proper order. This code takes the place of the key. Some
keyless entry systems can also be operated from up to 33 feet
[10 m] by a small hand-held transmitter. Pushing a button on
the transmitter will lock all doors, unlock all doors, or open
the trunk. Another button— the PANIC button- acts as a theft
deterrent or anti-theft device. Pushing the panic button with
the ignition of activates the horn and flashes the headlamps.
6. Electronic navigation systems display a map on the
instrument panel which shows the location of the vehicle on
the road. The location point moves on the map as the vehicle
travels on the highway. It also shows the route to the
destination. In some systems, a satellite orbiting in space—
22,000 miles [35,400] above the earth—pinpoints vehicle
location.
7. Radar braking uses radar to sense how fast a vehicle is closing
on the vehicle ahead. The brakes apply automatically to slow
the vehicle if necessary to maintain a safe distance. Someday
radar braking may be combined with throttle control into
intelligent cruise control. This could keep traffic moving at a
preset speed while radar braking maintains safe intervals
between vehicles.
JEFFREY C.
Self-Check 1.1-1
A. Multiple Choices
Instruction: Choose the letter that correspond the correct answers.
1. are electrically-operated noise- makers used by the driver

to provide a loud warning signal.
a. Turn-signal lights c. Windshield wipers
b. Seat Belts d. Horns
2. s restrain the vehicle occupants if there is an accident.

3. are balloon-type devices that inflate automatically to protect the

driver (and front-passenger in some vehicles) if a front-end crash occurs.
b. Seat Belts d. Air Bags
4. clean the windshield so the driver can see clearly while driving in
rain or snow.
a. Turn-signal lights c. Horns
b. Seat Belts d. Windshield wipers
5. which indicate an intended change in direction by flashing lights on

the side toward which the turn will be made.

b. Seat Belts d. Seat Belts

JEFFREY C.
Answer Key 1.1-1
1. D
2. B
3. D
4. D
5. A
JEFFREY C.
JEFFREY C.
Information sheet 1. 1-2

HAND TOOLS
Hand tools
Automotive service work requires a great variety of tools. The proper

tools properly used enable to do a job with safety, speed, and efficiency.
This information sheet covers hand tools. Your hand supplies the
energy to use them. They include striking, turning, gripping, and cutting
tools. They also include tube bending and flaring tools.
A. Striking tools
peen hammera is
1. Hammers— hammer is a used
the one hand tool
mostused for striking.
in the The ball-
shop. Grip thee
hammer
on the end of the handle. Swing it so the hammer face strikes the
object or surface squarely. Avoid hitting the object at an angle.
Use rawhide, plastic, brass, and rubber hammers to strike easily
marred surfaces. A dead blow hammer has a hollow head
partially filled with small metal shot. This recess rebounding.
B. Turning Tools
1. Screwdrivers—Use the proper screwdriver to drive or turn
screw. Screwdrivers are made in a variety of sizes, shapes, and
special purpose designs. The most common type has a single flat
blade for driving screws with slotted heads there are also Torx-
head and Phillips-head screws.
Always select a screw driver of the proper types and size for the
job. When using a single-blade screwdriver, the blade should
completely fill the screw slot. This helps prevent damage to the
screw head.
2. Wrenches—long-handled tool with fixed or adjustable jaws.
You use a wrench to turn bolts, nuts, and screws to work on
both USC, and metric fasteners, you need both USC and metric
wrenches. A 3/8- to 1-inch USC set and a 6- to 119-mm metric
set will handle most jobs. You need these sizes in sets of open-
end, box, and combination wrenches.
a. Open-end wrench— usually has a jaw opening at a 15
degree angle to a handle. Turn the bolt or nut as far as the
space
permits. Then flip the wrench over for further turning of the
fastener.
An open-end wrench has a different size on each end. Make
sure the wrench fits snugly against the flats. These are the
sides of a nut or bolt head. A loose fit may break or spring the
jaws of the wrench. Springing jaws spread apart and round
off the corners of the hex. This makes use of the proper
wrench more difficult.
JEFFREY C.
Careful:
Never use an open-end wrench to final-tighten a fastener or
to free a frozen fastener. The jaws may spread enough to
allow thee wrench to slip. Use a box wrench or a socket
wrench for these jobs.
b. Box-wrench—opening surrounds or “boxes in” the nut or bolt
head. An advantage is that the box will seldom slip off.
However, you must lift the box wrench completely off and then
place it back on for each swing. The wrench-head is thin for
use in tight places. The head usually sets at a 15-degree angle
to the body. This provides hand clearance for swinging the
wrench.
The most common box wrench has 12 notches or “points” in
the head. This allows turning the fastener if the wrench can
swing 30 degrees. A six-point box wrench holds better on a
nut or bolt but needs a greater swing. The box wrench has
different size openings on each end.
c. Combination wrench— has a box on one end and an open
end on the other. The two ends are usually the same size. The
box end is more convenient for breaking loose or final

tightening a nut or bolt. But you must lift the box completely
free after each swing. The open end is more likely to slip off.
However, once the fastener is loose, the open end can turn it
faster.
d. Flare-nut wrench— is a special type of combination or box
end wrench. It is used to attach or loosen a flare nut or tubing
nut. The ends of the flare-nut wrench are thicker than on the
wrenches. This helps prevent slipping and rounding off the
points on soft-metal tube fittings. The six-point box end has
one of the flats cut out .The opening is large enough to slip
over the tube.
Careful:
Do not turn the flare nut without holding coupling nut. This
will usually twist and break the metal tube.ee.
e. Adjustable wrench— an adjustable wrench (has a movable
jaw that you adjust the fit nuts and bolt heads of various
sizes. Tighten thee jaws against the flats of the nut or bolt
before applying a turning force. Adjustable wrenches are
normally used only when applying relatively light torque.
They are not always a strong as fixed jaw wrenches and may
be damaged if excessive torque is applied.

JEFFREY C.
f. Socket wrenches—the most widely used tools. They are like
box wrenches except that the head or socket is detachable
from the handle. You assemble the socket wrench you need
from the socket set in your toolbox
1. SOCKET. The 12-point socket allows you to turn a
bolt or nut in tight spots. However, if a bolt head or nut
has rounded corners or excessive resistance to turning,
thee 120point socket may slip. Use a six point socket for
these. The eight point socket is for turning square heads.
These include drain plugs, fill plugs, and pipe plugs.
Deep sockets reach nuts on bolts or studs that are too
long for the standard socket to reach. You remove and
install spark plugs with a spark-plug socket. This is a
six-point deep socket with a rubber insert. Thee insert
holds the plug to prevent it from falling out of the
socket.
2. HANDLES. Figure 7-8 shows several handles. The
ratchet handle has a mechanism that permits free
motion in one direction but lockup in the other. You
select the direction for lockup by moving the reversing
lever Extensions of various lengths provide access to
hard-to-reach bolts or nuts. The universal joint allows
you to turn a nut or bolt while holding the driver at an
angle. Adapters allow you to use a driver with a socket
having a different drive size. Also, various kinds and
sizes of screw drivers, Torx drives, Allen wrenches,
and flare- nut wrenches will fit the drivers and
adapters. NOTE:
To work on variety of domestic and imported cars, you
need both USC and metric socket sets.
g. Torque wrench— is basically a special handle for a socket.
An indicator on the torque wrench measures the torque or
twisting force. This is the amount of force applied to a nut or
bolt while tightening it. Vehicle service manuals give the
torque specification might be to tighten a bolt to “20 lb-ft.”
this means to apply a 20 pound pull at a distance of 1 foot
from the bolt.
Dirty or damaged threads put a drag on the threads as the

bolt or nut is tightened. This gives a false reading on the
torque wrench. It can also result in not enough tightening.

JEFFREY C.
Many torque wrenches read in pound-feet 9lb-ft). Some read
in pound-inches (lb-in). Use these where you need to
accurately apply a small torque. Twelve pound-inches equals
one-pound-foot.
The scale on metric torque wrenches is in kilogram-meters
(kg-m), kilogram-centimeters (kg-cm), or newton-meters (n-
m). Newton- meters is the preferred unit. To convert from USC
h. Ttoonrqeuweto-Ann-mgleeterGsa, umguel— bolts to an

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initial torque with a torque wrench. Then final-tighten the
bolts by turning them through a specified angle with a socket
wrench.
You can easily see a 90-degree turning angle by watching
how a ratchet-handle or breaker-bar moves. For other
angles, use a torque-angle gauge. It accurately measures the
turning angle in degrees. The gauge attaches to the socket
driver. The socket attaches to the gauge. As the handle turns,
the degree indicator remains the greatest angle reached.
C. Gripping tools
1. Pliers—Pliers are hand tools with a pair of adjustable pivoted
jaws for cutting or gripping .There are many styles and sizes of
pliers. Combination slip-joint pliers may have cutting edges at
the back of the jaws for wire cutting. Tongue-and-groove or
groove- and-land pliers such as Channel lock pliers have the
tongues or lands to different grooves changes the distance the
jaws can open. The jaws remain parallel at any setting.
Locking pliers such as Vise-Grip pliers have locking

jaws. This makes them useful as pliers, wrenches, clamps, and
small vises. Look the jaws by turning a screw in the end of the
handle.
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et.hTe oopreelneainsge. tChleosjainwgs,thpeulhl
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Careful:
Never use gripping pliers on hardened steel surfaces. This
dulls the pliers’ teeth. Never use pliers on nuts or bolt heads.
The pliers may slip and round off the edges of the hex. Then a
wrench or socket will not fit on the fastener properly.

JEFFREY C.
2. Pullers—remove parts assembled with an interference fit. This
includes removing gears and hubs from shafts, and bushings
from bores or cylinder liner from engine blocks.
A puller set has many pieces that can fit together to form the
puller needed for the job. There are three basic types of pullers.
D. Cutting Tools
Cutting tools remove metal. They include chisels, hacksaws, files,
punches. Drills, taps, and dies are also cutting tools. Power cutting
tools include grinders, hones, lathes, and boring machine.
1. Chisels— the chisel is a cutting tool with a single cutting
edge. There are various sizes and shapes of chisels. Striking
the chisel with a hammer makes the chisel cut metal. Hold
the chisel with one hand and the hammer in the other. Hit the
end of the chisel squarely holding the chisel in a chisel holder
or smooth-jaw locking pliers will protect your hand.
Caution:
Always wear eye protection when using a chisel.
Never use a chisel with a mushroomed head. When the
hammer strikes the head, a piece could fly off. The flying
metal could cut you or injure an unprotected eye.
2. Hacksaw—is basically an adjustable metal frame that holds a
steel saw blade .The blade is replaceable and has from14 to
32 teeth per inch. Cutting occurs on the forward stroke as
you push the blade across the metal. The teeth act like tiny
chisels and cut off fine shavings or chips. Select a blade with
the proper number teeth per inch for the job. The teeth must
be close enough so at least two teeth are cutting. Teeth that
are too close together clog and stop cutting. The hacksaw
blade for general cutting has 18 teeth per inch.
3. Files— are used for cutting and shaping metal. They have
many cutting edges or teeth. When the cuts are far apart,
there are only a few per inch. This is rough- or coarse-cut file.
When the cuts are close together, the file is a smooth or dead-
smooth file. A single-cut file has a series of sharp blades. A
double-cut file has a second series cut at an angle to the first.
This creates a series of sharp teeth. Various sizes and cuts of
round, half- round, flat, and triangular files are used during
automotive

JEFFREY C.
service work. Always use a handle with a file. Tapping the
end of the handle on the bench tightens the file in the handle.
Keep the file teeth clean with a file card. It has short stiff-
wire bristles that remove chips and dirt from the teeth.
4. Punches—are used to knock out rivets and pins. They also

align parts for the assembly. To remove a rivet, grind off the
rivet head. Or cut it off with a chisel. Mark spots where holes
are to be drilled with a center punch. The punch mark keeps
the drill bit centered as it starts cutting you can use the
center punch to mark parts before they are disassembled.
Align the punch marks to reassemble the parts in the same
position.
5. Twist drills (Drill bits) — are tools for making holes. The
material being drilled determines the preferred shape of the
cutting edges that form the point. The grooves along the body
carry the chips out of the hole. A hand-held air or electric drill
motor, or a drill press, drives the drill bit.
6. Taps and Dies — tap-and-die sets are for cutting USC and
metric threads. Taps cut inside the threads. To tap a hole,
determine the thread size needed. Refer to a tap drill chart and
select the size of drill bit required. The hole made by the
specified tap drill will be the proper diameter for
tapping.Dies cut outside threads on rods diestock holds the
die. Chamfer or bevel the rod end so the die starts easily. The
basic procedure is the same for both taps and dies. Apply
cutting the lubricant to the surface. Then begin thread
cutting. After every two turns, back off the tap or die and
apply more lubricant.

JEFFREY C.
Self Check 1.1-2
Multiple Choices
Instruction: Choose the letter that correspond the correct answer.
1. are long-handled tool with fixed or adjustable jaws.

a. screw driver c. Hammer
b. Wrenches d. Pliers
2. is a hand tool used for striking.

a. Hammer c. screw driver
3. Use the proper to drive or turn screw.

4. _g_ri_p_pairneghand tools with a pair of adjustable pivoted jaws for cutting or
a. Pliers c. Hammer
b. Wrenches d. screw driver
5. are used to knock out rivets and pins.

a. Punches c. Hammer
Answer Key 1.1-2

1.B
2.A
3.A
4.A
5.A
JEFFREY C.
Information Sheet 1.1-3
LTO/LTFRB Light vehicle with Some Safety Harness/
Devices/ Tools of a Vehicle
Objectives: After reading the information sheet, the trainee should be

able to:
1. Enumerate Examples of Light Vehicle
2. Give some safety harness/devices/tools of a vehicle
A. Light vehicle
1. Private car
2. Owner type Jeepney
3. Taxicab
4. Public Utility Jeepney
B. Some Safety Harness/ devices/ tools of a vehicle
1. Seat belt— a strong strap or harness designed to keep the wearer

securely in a seat in a vehicle or aircraft
2. Early Warning device— advance notice that something, especially

something dangerous or threatening, is going to happen.
• E.W.D orange must be set in front the vehicle at least 5
meter away
• E.W.D red must be set at the back of the vehicle at least 5
meter away
3. Hand tools
a. Wrench— a hand or power tool with fixed or movable jaws,

used to seize, turn, or twist objects such as nuts and bolts
b. Pliers—a hand tool with two hinged arms ending in jaws that
are closed by hand pressure to grip something
c. Screwdrivers—a tool for driving screws that consists of a
handle or power tool with a metal rod shaped at the tip to fit
into the head of a screw
d. Early warning Device
e. Jack—a portable device that uses a mechanical or hydraulic
lifting system to raise heavy objects, especially cars, a short
distance
f. Spare tires—rubber edging for wheel kept in case of emergency.

JEFFREY C.
4. Flashlights— emergency lighting device
5. Consumable Materials and spare parts such as”
a. Rags—a small piece or scrap of usually old or unwanted cloth
used for cleaning, polishing, or applying liquid substances
b. Fan Belt—a continuous belt that turns a fan, especially one
turning the cooling fan in the engine of a motor vehicle
c. Wheel cap—a wheel in a vehicle that is connected by way of the
steering column to the steering gear and is turned to change
direction
d. Fuse—an electrical safety device containing a piece of a metal
that melts if the current running through it exceeds a particular
level, thereby breaking the circuit
e. Electrical Tape
f. Brake Fluid—a liquid or gas put in brake
g. Motor oil—oil put in the engine
II Revision # 0 Page 30 of 65 Self-
Check JEFFREY C. 1.1-3
Enumeration
Instruction: Enumerate the following.
A. Light vehicle

JEFFREY C.
Answer Key 1.1-3
Model Answer
A. Light vehicle
1. Private car
2. Owner type Jeepney
3. Taxicab
4. Public Utility Jeepney
1. Seat belt— a strong strap or harness designed to keep the wearer

securely in a seat in a vehicle or aircraft
2. Early Warning device— advance notice that something, especially

something dangerous or threatening, is going to happen.
• E.W.D orange must be set in front the vehicle at least 5
meter away
• E.W.D red must be set at the back of the vehicle at least 5
meter away
3. Hand tools
a. Wrench— a hand or power tool with fixed or movable jaws,

used to seize, turn, or twist objects such as nuts and bolts
b. Pliers—a hand tool with two hinged arms ending in jaws that
are closed by hand pressure to grip something
c. Screwdrivers—a tool for driving screws that consists of a
handle or power tool with a metal rod shaped at the tip to fit
into the
head of a screw
d. Early warning Device
e. Jack—a portable device that uses a mechanical or hydraulic
lifting system to raise heavy objects, especially cars, a short
distance
f. Spare tires—rubber edging for wheel kept in case of emergency.

JEFFREY C.
4. Flashlights— emergency lighting device
5. Consumable Materials and spare parts such as”
a. Rags—a small piece or scrap of usually old or unwanted cloth
used for cleaning, polishing, or applying liquid substances
b. Fan Belt—a continuous belt that turns a fan, especially one
c. tWuhrneienlgctahpe—caoowlihnegeflainn ia n
vtehheicelnegtihnaetoifsacmonontoerctveedhbicyleway of the
steering column to the steering gear and is turned to change
direction
d. Fuse—an electrical safety device containing a piece of a metal
that melts if the current running through it exceeds a particular
level, thereby breaking the circuit
e. Electrical Tape
f. Brake Fluid—a liquid or gas put in brake
Motor oil—oil put in the engine
JEFFREY C.
Information Sheet 1.1-4

Routinely Checks on Vehicle Component
(THE BLOWBAGETS}
Objective: After reading the information, the trainee should be able to

perform routinely checks on vehicle component (THE BLOWBAGETS}.

JEFFREY C.
T – Tires – is a ring shaped component that surrounds a wheel’s rim to
transfer a vehicle’s load from the axles through the wheel to the ground and
to provide traction on the surface traveled over.
The Following must be checked:
a. Uneven sidewall wear, down to fabric plies, due to significant
under- inflation
H – Horn – is a sound making device that can be equipped to motor

vehicles, buses, bicycles, trains and other type of vehicles. The vehicle
operator uses the horn to warn others of vehicle approach or presence. Or to
call attention to some hazards.
The following must be checked:

a. Check the relay connecting to the battery.
E – Engine – is a machine designed to convert one form into mechanical

energy. Heat engines burn a fuel to create heat which is then used to do work.
The following must be checked”
a. Engine oil
b. ATF
c. Brake Fluid
JEFFREY C.
d. Fan Belt
B -Battery - The cars source of electrical energy. It supplies direct current

to the electrical Components an electro chemical device for storing energy in
chemical form so that it can be released as electricity for cranking the engine
and powering the electrical load
The following must be checked
a. Clamps and cables
b. Battery solution
c. Cracks
d. Under charge
e. Terminal corrosion
f. Sulfation
L- Light-The lighting system of a vehicle inside and outside of the car is either
automatic or manually operated or switch by the driver.
a. Headlight – the main lighting system of a vehicle
b. Signal light-use to indicate right turn or left turn
c. Stop light- use to indicate slow down or stopping
JEFFREY C.
d. Back up light- use to indicate vehicle backing up

e. High beam indicator- use to indicate high beam of headlight
f. Horn
g. Fuses and relays
h. Wires and cables
i. switches
O –Oil- Is to prevent friction between moving parts of the engine by

supplying an adequate amount of oil.
Tasks
• To cool the engine components
• To provide seal between sliding contact components
• To clean internal parts of the engine
• Motor oil, gear oil, and A.T.F
W- Water -Is place in the radiator where cooling takes place.

A. Cooling System Flush
Overheating in engines is often caused by a poorly performing cooling
system. This can lead to a lack of performance or worse, the potential failure
of your engine and transmission resulting in expensive repair bills.
Our Cooling System Flush is designed to safely break down and remove rust
and scale deposits from the cooling system. This specialty service then
replaces up to 95% of the old coolant and refills the system with quality,
long life fluid.
Specialty conditioning treatment is added to help maintain the cooling

system in optimum condition.
KEY ITEMS:
O Check radiator for damage or leaks

O Check hoses and thermostat operation
O Drain and flush cooling system
O Refill radiator with coolant and conditioner
O Pressure test cooling system and test for leak

JEFFREY C.
B-Brakes – A brake is a mechanical device that inhibits motion by absorbing
energy from a moving system. It is used for slowing or stopping a moving
vehicle, wheel, axle, or to prevent its motion, most often accomplished by
means of friction
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gsua setasinthinagt before stirethaendatmmuosstpahlewraeyssuberrochuencdki
running the vehicle. endg
a. Tire pressure
Tire Service
Why is it important?
Tires may wear differently depending on their position on the vehicle, your
driving style and the condition of your suspension. Regularly rotating your
tires can evenly distribute their wear—helping you get the most miles out of
your tires while maximizing traction on all four wheels.

What is the service?
Changing the position of the tires on your vehicle is according to your vehicle
and tire manufacturers’ recommended rotation pattern.
Benefit to you:
Tire Rotation Service – Helps maximize the life span of your tires.
–
G- Gas Natural gas vehicle (NGV) is an alternative fuel vehicle that uses
compressed natural gas (CNG) or liquefied natural gas (LNG). Natural gas
vehicles should not be confused with vehicles powered by LPG (mainly
propane), which is a fuel with a fundamentally different composition.
- Especially during long drives, a full gas tank is important. Imagine
how troublesome it would be if you run out of fuel while you’re stuck
in traffic or driving along the road where a gas station is nowhere in
sight.

JEFFREY C.
E-Early Warning Device – a device that signals the occurrence of some undesirable
event.
4 reasons why carrying an Early Warning Device:
1. Safety - EWD is designed for safety purposes. It warns other
motorists that there’s a stalled vehicle ahead, which could
lessen the odds of an accident.
2. Road Courtesy - Placing EWD won’t just keep you safe when you
pull over to the side but, it will also protect the approaching
motorists. In this way, you are being courteous towards other
road users, and at the same time, you are promoting road safety.
3. Responsible Car Owner - If all of us are responsible car owners
or drivers, car-related accidents could be reduced to a
minimum. Be a responsible driver by practicing road safety and
courtesy. As such, you should always have the
essential tools inside your car–
especially the EWD
4. Required by the Law - Yes, it is
required by the law. The
Memorandum Circular
No. VPT- 2012-1609 or the
Revised Rules on the
Implementation of the
Early Warning Device
Requirement states that
EWD is a mandatory accessory for
all motor vehicles, except
motorcycles and
tricycles. The memorandum goes
on by stating that “a pair of
EWD…shall be carried at
all times.” So, you might
want to buy EWD right now if
you still don’t have one inside your car.

JEFFREY C.
T-Tools – a device or implement, especially
one held in the hand, used to carry
out a particular function, any
instrument or simple piece of
equipment that you hold in your hands and use to do a particular kind of
work.
S-Self - Human error is the leading cause of road accidents. Accident Recording
and Analysis System cites fatigue, sleepiness, drunkenness, and medical
problems like asthma and dizziness as examples.

1. Check yourself! If you’re sick, dizzy, tired, sleepy, or drunk, you
better let somebody else take over the steering wheel.
2. Also, check your documents before you hit the road. Your driver’s
license, LTO registration papers, and proof of car insurance should
be within reach when you get pulled over on your road trip.

JEFFREY C.
Self-Check 1.1-4
A. True or False
Instruction: Write T if the statement is correct and f if the statement is
False.
1. Overheating in engines is often caused by a poorly performing
cooling system.
2. It is highly recommended to check your oil twice a month.
3. The lighting system of a vehicle inside and outside of the car is
either automatic or manually operated or switch by the driver.
4. Changing the position of the tires on your vehicle is according to
pyoauttrernve. hicle and tire manufacturers’

recommended rotation
5. Air is the life sustaining of vehicle tire and must always be
checked before running the vehicle.
B. Enumeration
1. Vehicle components routinely to be checked
2. Components must be checked on the Battery
3. Components must be checked on Light
JEFFREY C.
Answer Key 1.1-4

A. True or False
1. T
2. T
3. T
4. T
5. T
B. Enumeration
1. Vehicle components routinely to be
checked T - Tires
H - Horn
E - Engine
B—Battery
L—Light O
—Oil W—
Water B -
Brakes A -
Air
G - Gauges
E – Early Warning Device (EWD)
T - Tools
S - Self

JEFFREY C.
2. Components must be checked on the Battery
a. Clamps and cables
b. Battery solution
c. Cracks
d . U n d er c h a r g e
e. Te r m i n a l c o r rosion
f. Sulfattion
3. Components must be checked on Light

a. Headlight Signal light
b. Stop light
c. Back up light
d. High beam indicator
e. Horn
f. Fuses and relays
g. Wires and cables
h. switches
JOB SHEET 1.1-1
Title Light Vehicle Pre-Starting and Warm-Up
Objective After performing the Job Sheet, the trainee should be

able to Perform Light Vehicle Pre-starting and warm-
Up.
Condition
The trainee should be able to observe OH & S.
Hand Tools
Tools/Materials Car
Safety harness/ devices/tools

JEFFREY C.
Procedure 1. Perform Vehicle Inspection (THE BLOWBAGETS)
a. the transmission to neutral
b. drivers sit accordingly/properly
c. steering column accordingly
d. wiper
e. side mirrors
2. Check Safety harness/ devices/tools
3. Pre-Starting of Vehicle
a. insert ignition key to ON
b. switch ignition key to START
c. slightly press accelerator
4. warm up the engine for at least 2 to 3 minutes
5. observe the following while warming up the
vehicle
a. ammeter
b. oil pressure gauge
c. water temperature gauge
Performance
Assessment Performance Criteria Checklist
Method
Performance Criteria
Checklist 1.1-1
Criteria Yes No
Did the trainee…
x
Perform Vehicle Inspection as per manufacturer’s
specification.

JEFFREY C.
JEFFREY C.
x
Check Safety harness/devices and tools according
to land
the land
transportationtransportation office
franchising and (LTO)/ board
regulatory
(LTFRB) requirements.
x
Perform Warm up of light vehicle as per
manufacturer’s manual.
Perform OHS? x
Perform 5’s x
Observation Criteria Checklist 1.1-1
Criteria Yes No
Did the trainee…
x
Perform Vehicle Inspection as per manufacturer’s
JEFFREY C.
specification.
x
Check Safety harness/devices and tools according
to land
the land
transportationtransportation office
franchising and (LTO)/ board
regulatory
(LTFRB) requirements.
x
Perform Warm up of light vehicle as per
manufacturer’s manual.
Perform OHS? x
Perform 5’s x
EVIDENCE PLAN
Qualification Title Driving NC II
Unit of Competency DRIVE LIGHT VEHICLE
Module Title DRIVING LIGHT VEHICLE

JEFFREY C.
Ways in which evidence will

be collected (tick the box)
The evidence must show that the

candidate…
Must determine and performed vehicle
x x x
inspection as per manufacturer’s manual.
Identified and obtained the hand tools,
safety harness/devices in accordance with
x x x
LTO/LTFRB requirements.
Perform warm up light vehicle as per

manufacturer’s manual. x x x
Minor vehicle maintenance is performed

in
accordance with manufacturer’s manual.
Vehicle records are maintained / updated

in accordance with workplace procedure.

JEFFREY C.
TABLE OF SPECIFICATION
Objectives/Content Percentage
Knowledge Comprehension Application
area/Topics of test
Vehicle is performed
as per 20% 10% 5% 35%
manufacturer’s
manual
Safety
harness/devices.
And tools are 25% 10% 0% 35%
checked according to
LTO/LTFRB
requirements
Warm up of light
vehicle is performed
as per 5% 5% 20% 30%
manufacturer’s
manual
TOTAL 50% 25% 25% 100%

JEFFREY C.
ITEM DISTRIBUTION
# of test
Objectives/Content Knowledg Application
Comprehension
area/Topics e item
Vehicle is performed as 4 2 1 7
per manufacturer’s
manual
Safety harness/devices.
5 2 7
And tools are checked
according to LTO/LTFRB
requirements
Warm up of light vehicle is 1 1 4 6

performed as per
manufacturer’s manual
TOTAL 10 5 5 20 Items

JEFFREY C.
ITEM ANALYSIS
Name Total Per Rem

score cent arks
of
No. of Test Items
Trainee
s
33
22 66
11
75% Sond
Passe
0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 15
Gokou
80% Passe
Son 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 16 d
Gohan
70% Faile
Vegeta 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 14 d
80% Passe
Krililin 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 17 d
75% Passe
Majinbuu 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 15 d
80% Passe
Trunks 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 16 d
85% Passe
Andoid 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 17 d
18
85% Passe
Android 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 17 d
17
75% Passe
Master 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 15 d
pogi
65% Faile
Master 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 13 d
Lao
80% Passe
Videl 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 16 d
80% Passe
Tenshin 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 17 d
han
80% Passe
Kenshin 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 16 d
Himura
80% Passe
Voltes 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 16 d
Five
80% Passe
Monkey 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 16 d
the Luffy
JEFFREY C.
Zorro 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 20 100 Passe

% d
Dende 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 20
100 Passe
% d
Goten 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 20
100 Passe
% d
Piccolo 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 20
100 dPda
% sse
Yamcha 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 20
100 Passe
% d
Tien 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 20
Shinhan 100 Passe
% d
Raditz 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 20
100 Passe
% d
Dabura 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 20
100 Passe
% d
Mr. Popo 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 20
100 Passe
% d
Master 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 20
Kami 100 Passe
% d
Total No. of 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Students 1 1 1 1 1
2
who got 5 5 0 8 5 5 6 5 6 5 8 8 6 7 3 6 7 0
correct 5 8
answer
Interpretati Ri Ri Ri E E Ri Ri E Ri E Ri E E E E D E E E E
on of the h
g h
g h
g h
g h
g h
g h
g
t t t a
s a
s t t a
s t a
s t a
s a
s a
s a
s if
fi a
s a
s a
s a
s
difficulty of
D D D y y D D y D y D y y y y c y y y y
the test iff iff iff iff iff iff iff
ic ic ic ic ic ic ic u
ul ul ul ul ul ul ul lt
ty ty ty ty ty ty ty
Note No.1:
1 – Corresponds to the correct answer
0 – corresponds to the wrong answer
Note No.2: Determining the Passing Score

Formula: Total Raw Score ÷ Total No. of Items x 100
Passing Grade 15=75%

JEFFREY C.
Note No.3: Determining the Difficulty of the test.
Item Difficulty= Number of students with correct answer
Total number of students
Interpretation
Range of Difficulty Index Interpretation Action

0.-0.25 Difficult Revise or Discard
0.26-0.75 Right Difficulty Retain
0.76-Above Easy Revise or Discard

JEFFREY C.
WRITTEN TEST
Name: Date: Score:
A. Multiple Choices
Instruction: Choose the letter that correspond the correct answers.
1. are electrically-operated noise- makers used by the driver to

provide a loud warning signal.
2. restrain the vehicle occupants if there is an accident.

3. are balloon-type devices that inflate automatically to protect the

driver (and front-passenger in some vehicles) if a front-end crash occurs.
b. Seat Belts d. Air Bags
4. clean the windshield so the driver can see clearly while driving in
rain or snow.
a. Turn-signal lights c. Horns
b. Seat Belts d. Windshield wipers
5. which indicate an intended change in direction by flashing lights on

the side toward which the turn will be made.

b. Seat Belts d. Seat Belts

II Revision # 0
JEFFREY C. Page 53 of 65
6. are long-handled tool with fixed or adjustable jaws.
7. is a hand tool used for striking.

a. Hammer c. screw driver
8. Use the proper to drive or turn screw.

9. are hand tools with a pair of adjustable pivoted jaws for cutting or
gripping
a. Pliers c. Hammer
10. are used to knock out rivets and pins.

a. Punches c. Hammer
B. Fill the blanks

1. is a ring shape components that surrounds a wheel rim to
transfer a vehicles load from the axles through the wheel to the ground and
to provide traction on the surface traveled order.
2. It is designed to safely breakdown and remove rust and scale deposits
from cooling system. It is called .
3. It is designed for safety purposes.
4. What memorandum states that EWD is mandatory accessory for all motor
vehicles except motorcycles and tricycles. ?
5. The car source of electrical energy. It supplies direct current to the
electrical components. It is called
6. This part of the BLOWBAGETS that human error is leading causes of road
accidents. .
7. are devices or implement, especially one held in hand, used
to carry out a particular function.

JEFFREY C.
8. is an alternative fuel vehicle that uses compressed natural
gas or liquefied natural gas.
9. a mixture of gases that composes the atmosphere
surrounding earth.
10. Is a sound making device that can be equipped to motor vehicle, buses,
bicycle, trains and other types of vehicle is called .

JEFFREY C.
Answer Key
A. Multiple Choice
1. D
2. B
3. D
4. D
5. A
6. B
7. A
8. A
9. A
10. A
B. Fill the Blanks
1. Tires
2. Cooling System Flush
3. Early Warning Device
4. Memorandum Circular N. VPT-2012-1609 or the revised rules on the
implementation of the Early Warning Device (EWD).
5. Battery
6. Self
7. Tools
8. Gas
9. Air
10. Horn

JEFFREY C.
P erfo rm an ce T est
Specific Instruction for the Candidate
Qualification DRIVING NC II
Unit of Competency DRIVE LIGHT VEHICLE
General Instruction: Follow the standard procedure in conducting vehicle

pre-starting and warm-up.
Specific Instruction:
1. Vehicle inspection is perform as per manufacturer’s

manual
2. Check safety harness/devices and tools according to

LTO/LTFRB requirement.
3. Perform warm up light vehicle as per manufacturer’s

manual.
Your Trainer will evaluate your performance
Note: Always observe OH & S.
List of Tools:
Hand Tools/safety harness/devices/EWD
List of Equipment:
1. Private Car
2. Owner Type Jeep/PUJ/PUV
3. Taxi Cab
List of Materials:
Consumable materials and spare parts such as:
• Rags
JEFFREY C.
• Fan Belts
• Wheel Cap
• Fuse
• Electrical Tapes
• Brake Fluid
• Motor Oil
• Spare Tire

JEFFREY C.
P erfo rm an ce C riteria C h eck list fo r
P erfo rm an ce T est
Name: Date of Assessment:

CRITERIA YES NO
Did you….
1. Perform vehicle inspection according to
manufacturer’s Manual?
2. Check safety harness/devices and tools
according to LTO/LTFRB requirement?
3. Perform warm up light vehicle as per
manufacturer’s manual?
4. Minor vehicle maintenance is performed
in accordance with manufacturer’s
manual?

JEFFREY C.
QUESTIONING TOOL
Satisfactory
Questions to probe the candidate’s underpinning knowledge
response
Extension/Reflection Questions Yes No
1. Before checking your vehicle, what is the first thing you  

will ensure in the station you are using?
2. Why is it important to know the simple way of checking you
 
vehicle?
Safety Questions
3. Why do we need to follow safety rules?  
4. Why is it important to wear Personal Protective Equipment?  
Contingency Questions
5. What are you going to do if the tools are not available?  
g6o. inWghtaotuasree?you going to do if you forgot what tools are you  
Job Role/Environment Questions  
7. How can you contribute for the environmental safety?  
8. Why we need to segregate waste materials?  
Rules and Regulations  
9. What are basic things to do to ensure that your Vehicle is  

functioning?
10. What are the considerations to be follow in making your  
own vehicle technical report?
The candidate’s underpinning ❑ Satisfactory  Not

knowledge was: Satisfactory
JEFFREY C.
Expected Answer for Questioning Tool

Satisfactory
Questions to probe the candidate’s underpinning knowledge
response
Extension/Reflection Questions Yes No
1. Before proceeding to other ways of checking your vehicle,

check first the light if it is functional then you will therefore  
conclude that the battery is functional.
2. Knowing the simplest way in checking your vehicle gives an
immediate diagnosis so that you can immediately resolve the  
problem on your own
Safety Questions
3. to avoid Accident in the workshop  
4. to prevent ourselves from accident  
Contingency Questions
5. Borrow to your co-trainee or to your trainer  
6. Ask the trainer if what material is going to use.  
Job Role/Environment Questions  
7. By properly disposing waste materials such as Brake pads  

etc. and properly recycle the engine oil and other recyclable
materials.
8. Follow the correct segregation waste  
Rules and Regulations  
9. Always double check the lights, batteries, brakes and other  

parts of the vehicle components before you go on a trip.
10. In writing a report specifically vehicle inspection you must  
consider these questions: What is the report about? Who are
you writing for? How long can the report be? Following these
consideration, you can generate an accurate and sufficient
technical report.
The candidate’s underpinning ❑ Satisfactory Not
knowledge was: Satisfactory
JEFFREY C.
Inventory of Training Resources

Qualification Title: DRIVING NC II
Resources for Skills practice of Competency #1

Supplies and Materials As per TR As per Remarks
•
Inventory
Soap 5 Boxes 5 Boxes Complete
Shampoo 5 Liters 5 Liters Complete
Gear Oil 10 Liters 10 Liters Complete
Air Freshener 20 Pieces 20 Pieces Complete
Polish 10 Pieces 10 Pieces Complete
Distilled Water 10 Liters 10 Liters Complete
Fan Belt 4 Pieces 4 Pieces Complete

Wheel Cap 8 Pieces 8 Pieces Complete
Fuse 10 Pieces 10 Pieces Complete
Electric Tape 4 Rolls 4 Rolls Complete
Brake Fluid 2 Liters 2 Liters Complete
A/C Belt 4 Pieces 4 Pieces Complete
P/S Belt 4 Pieces 4 Pieces Complete
Coolant 10 Liters 10 Liters Complete

Additives 10 Liters 10 Liters Complete
Relay 4 Pieces 4 Pieces Complete
Fender Cover 4 Pieces 4 Pieces Complete

Tools
• As per TR As per Remarks
Inventory
Mop 4 Pieces 4 Pieces Complete

JEFFREY C.
Basket 4 Pieces 4 Pieces Complete
Pail 4 Pieces 4 Pieces Complete
Polisher 4 Pieces 4 Pieces Complete
Broom 4 Pieces 4 Pieces Complete
Hose 4 Pieces 4 Pieces Complete
Cross Wrench 4 Pieces 4 Pieces Complete
Mechanical Pliers 4 Pieces 4 Pieces Complete
Long Nose Pliers 4 Pieces 4 Pieces Complete
Glove 25 pairs 25 pairs Complete
Apron 25 pairs 25 pairs Complete
Goggles 25 pairs 25 pairs Complete
Plastic Boots 25 pairs 25 pairs Complete
Combination Wrench 4 Sets 4 Sets Complete
Screw Driver (Flat and Phillips) 4 Pieces 4 Pieces Complete
Early Warning Device 4 Pieces 4 Pieces Complete
Jack 4 Pieces 4 Pieces Complete
Spare Tire 4 Pieces 4 Pieces Complete
Flashlight 4 Pieces 4 Pieces Complete
Emergency Light 4 Pieces 4 Pieces Complete

Device/Trouble Light
Dunce Pin 4 Pieces 4 Pieces Complete
Tire Gauge 4 Pieces 4 Pieces Complete
Creeper 4 Pieces 4 Pieces Complete

JEFFREY C.
• Equipment As per TR As per Remarks
Inventory
Car Complete
Jeepney Complete
Vacuum Pump Complete
Steam Cleaner Complete
Air Compressor Complete
Note: In the remarks section, remarks may include for repair, for
replenishment, for reproduction, for maintenance etc.
Prepared By: GREGORY MARNER A. MARILLA

II Revision # 0 Page 6 74 of 65
JEFFREY C.
WORKSHOP LAYOUT
2
0
54 Sq .. Meter 2
M
..
q
e
rt
r
e
e
400 Sq. Meter
LEGEND:
- TRSAH BINS
- FIRE EXTINGUISHER
- MEDICINE CABINET
JEFFREY C.

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COMPETENCY BASED LEARNING MATERIAL

DRIVE LIGHT VEHICLE

Technical Education and Skills Development

NO. UNIT OF COMPETENCIES MODULE TITLE CODE

Drive Light Vehicle

Welcome to the module in Driving NC II. This module contains

Date Developed: Document No. DRV 001

Date Developed: February Document No. DRV 002

UNIT OF COMPETENCY : Drive Light Vehicle

MODULE TITLE : Driving Light Vehicle

MODULE DESCRIPTOR : This module covers the knowledge, skills and

NOMINAL DURATION : 80 hours

Upon completion of this module, the trainee would be able to:

L.O 2 Drive light vehicle

• Inspect vehicle as per manufacturer’s specification.

Date Developed: February Document No. DRV 003

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA • Vehicle Inspection is performed as

Warm up of light vehicle is

performed as per manufacturer’s

CONDITION: Students/Trainees must be provided

Date Developed: Document No. DRV 004

Learning Outcome No. 1 Perform vehicle Pre starting and

Learning Activities Special Instructions

P Read Information sheet Use Information sheet 1. 1-1 on

Answer Self-Check 1.1-1 Check your answer using

Read Information sheet 1.1-2 on Use Information sheet 1.1-2 on

Answer Self-Check 1.1-2 Check your answer using

Read Information sheet 1.1-3 on

Answer Self-Check 1.1-3

Read Information sheet 1.1-4 on

Answer Self-Check 1.1-4

Perform Job Sheet 1.1-1 on

The outside or exterior lights on an automotive include:

The inside of the car has a variety of interior lights. These

Date Developed: Document No. DRV 006

Lightning is provided by various sizes and types of light

It is the most important lamps for the driver. When switch

Many vehicles have halogen headlamps. These emit a

The most widely used headlamps are made in four sizes,

Date Developed: Document No. DRV 007

E. Automatic Headlamp Controls

Date Developed: Document No. DRV 008

4. pLeafnt-ela. nd right- turn indicator lights in the instrument

The turn-signal lever is moved up for right turn and down

Drive Light Vehicle

H. Computer Controlled Lighting

that In most lighting system a switch supplies voltage to lamps

I. Distributed Lighting System

Date Developed: Document No. DRV 010

Headlamps must be aimed correctly so the driver can see

Some vehicles have aiming devices built into the

B. Vehicular Security Systems

An anti-theft or security alarm system causes the horn to

Date Developed: Document No. DRV 012

fcfioreluwmalnl ionr itnhsetreunmgiennet

washer fluid squirts on the windshield. This allows the blades

III. Driver Information and Safety

Some cars have a hybrid instrument cluster .It includes

Date Developed: Document No. DRV 014

The cruise control or speed-control system helps the

maintain the speed. However, steep grades up or down may

F. Other electrical and Electronic Devices

a voice command to unlock the car door and operate the