Common 1 Apply Appropriate Sealant or Adhesive

WEST TRADE TRAINING AND ASSESSMENT CENTER
Funda-Dalipe, San Jose, Antique
COMPETENCY BASED LEARNING MATERIALS
Qualification Title: DRIVING (LIGHT VEHICLE) NC II
Unit of Competency: APPLY APPROPRIATE SEALANT/ADHESIVE
Module Title: APPLYING APPROPRIATE SEALANT/ADHESIVE
Sector: AUTOMOTIVE AND LAND TRANSPORT SECTOR
Date Developed: Document No.

DRIVING NC II MARCH 2023 2023-01
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COMMON Developed by: West Trade
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COMPETENCIES Thedah Marie L. Training and
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Tibulan, MPA Assessment
Center
HOW TO USE THIS COMPETENCY BASED LEARNING MODULE
Welcome to the Module “Applying Appropriate Sealant/Adhesive”. This

module contains training materials and activities for you to complete.
The unit of competency “Apply Appropriate Sealant/Adhesive” contains the

knowledge, skills and attitudes required of a Driving NC II Course. It is one of the Basic
Competencies Modules of Driving (Light Vehicle) NC II.
You are required to go through a series of learning activities in order to complete

each learning outcomes of the module. In each learning outcome there are Information
Sheets for further reading to help you better understand the required activities. Follow
these activities on your own and answer the self- check at the end of each learning
outcome. Get the answer key from your instructor and check your work honestly. If you
have questions, please don’t hesitate to ask your facilitator for assistance.
Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL)
You may already have some or most of the knowledge and skills covered in this
module because you have:
 Been working in the industry for some time.

 Already completed training in this area.
If you can demonstrate to your trainer that you are competent in a particular skill
or skills, talk to him/her about having them formally recognized so you won’t have to do
the same training again. If you have qualifications or Certificate of Competency from the
previous trainings, show them to your trainer. If the skills you acquired are still relevant
to this module, they may become part of the evidence you can present RPL.
At the end of this learning material is a Trainee Record Book (TRB) is given to
you to record important dates, jobs undertaken and other workplace events that will
assist you in providing further details to your trainer or assessors. A Record of
Achievement/Progress Chart is also provided to your trainer to complete/accomplish
once you have completed the module. This will show your own progress.
This learning material was prepared to help you achieve the required
competency, Apply Appropriate Sealant/Adhesive. This will be source of information
for you to acquire the knowledge and skills in this particular trade independently and
your own pace with minimum supervision or help from your trainer.

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In doing the activities to complete the requirements of this module, please be
guided of the following:
 Talk to your trainer and agree on how you will both organize the training under
this module. Read through the module carefully. It is divided into sections that
cover all the skills and knowledge you need to successfully complete.
 Work through all the information and complete the activities in each section.
Read the information sheets and complete the self-checks provided in this
module.
 Most probably your trainer will also be your supervisor or manager. He/She is
there to support you and show you the correct way to do things. Ask for help.
 Your trainer will tell you about the important things you need to consider when
you are completing the activities and it is important that you listen and take
notes.
 You will be given plenty of opportunities to ask questions and practice on the
job. Make sure you practice your new skills during regular work shifts. This way
you will improve both your speed and memory and also your confidence.
 Talk to more experienced work mates and ask for their guidance.
 Use self-check questions at the end of each section to test your own progress.
 When you are ready, ask your trainer to watch you perform the activities outlined
in this module.
 As you work through the activities, ask for written feedback on your progress.
Your trainer keeps feedback/pre-assessment reports for this reason. When you
have completed this learning material and feel confident that you have had
sufficient knowledge and skills, your trainer will arrange an appointment with a
registered assessor to assess you. The results of the assessment will be
recorded in your Competency Achievement Record.
A certificate of achievement will be awarded to you after passing the

evaluation. You must pass the institutional competency evaluation for this competency
before moving to another competency.

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LIST OF COMMON COMPETENCIES
No. Unit of Competency Module Title Code

Apply Appropriate Applying Appropriate ALT723201
1. Sealant/Adhesive Sealant/Adhesive
Move and Position Move and Position Vehicle ALT723202
2. Vehicle
Perform Mensuration and Perform Mensuration and ALT311202
3. Calculation Calculation
Read, Interpret and Read, Interpret and Apply ALT723203
Apply Specifications and Specifications and
4.
Manuals Manuals
Use and Apply Use and Apply ALT723204
5. Lubricant/Coolant Lubricant/Coolant
Perform Shop Perform Shop ALT723205
6. Maintenance Maintenance

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MODULE CONTENT
UNIT OF COMPETENCY : Apply Appropriate Sealant/Adhesive
MODULE TITLE : Applying Appropriate Sealant/Adhesive
MODULE DESCRIPTION : This module covers the selection and application of

sealant/adhesives.
NOMINAL DURATION : 4 Hrs.
SUMMARY OF LEARNING OUTCOMES:
Upon completion of this module the student/trainees must be able to:
LO1. Identify appropriate Sealant/adhesive

LO2. Prepare surface for Sealant/adhesive
LO3. Apply sealant/adhesive evenly
LO4 Store/Dispose of sealant/adhesive
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
1. Sealant/adhesive selected in line with job requirements and manufacturer’s

specification
2. Sealant/adhesive checking is performed to ensure that product is fit for use.
3. Surface materials are identified as per construction
4. Surface is cleaned and free of moisture, dust and other foreign matters to ensure
maximum adhesion or seal.
5. Sealant/adhesive is applied evenly on the surface in line with manufacturer’s
specification
6. Excess sealant/adhesive is removed by sanding or scrapping
7. Tools and equipment used to apply sealant/adhesive are appropriate to job
requirements
8. Safety are observed and PPE are worn in accordance with industry SOP
9. Hazards associated with the use of sealant and adhesives are identified
10. Sealant/adhesive are stored as per prescribed procedure
11. Waste are disposed as per workshop SOP

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LEARNING OUTCOME SUMMARY
LO1. IDENTIFY APPROPRIATE SEALANT/ADHESIVE
1. Sealant/adhesive selected in line with job requirements and manufacturer’s

specification
2. Sealant/adhesive checking is performed to ensure that product is fit for use.
CONTENTS:
 Use of Sealant and Adhesive

 Types and Classification of Sealant/Adhesive
CONDITIONS:
The students/ trainees must be provided with the following:

 Learning materials
 CBLM
 Supplies and Materials
METHODOLOGIES:
 Group Discussion/Interaction
 Demonstration
 Self-paced/modular
 Brainstorming
ASSESSMENT METHODS:
 Demonstration
 Direct Observation
 Interview
 Written Examination

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LEARNING EXPERIENCES
Learning Outcome 1- Identify Appropriate Sealant/Adhesive

Learning Activities Special Instructions
Read Information Sheet 1.1-1 on Use of Read and understand the information
sealants and adhesives about the content. If you can’t understand
the information, ask you facilitator
Answer Self-Check 1.1-1 Compare answers with the answer key
No. 1.1-1.
You must answer all questions

correctly before proceeding to the next
activity.
Read Information Sheet 1.2-1 on Types Read and understand the information
and classifications of sealants and about the content. If you can’t understand
adhesives the information, ask you facilitator

No. 1.2-1.

activity.
After doing all activities of this LO,
you are ready to proceed to the next
LO on Apply Appropriate
Sealant/Adhesive

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INFORMATION SHEET 1.1-1
USE OF SEALANTS AND ADHESIVES
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the lesson, the trainees will be able to differentiate between sealants
and adhesive and identify their uses.
Adhesives and Sealants
Although sealants and adhesive share many

characteristics, they are not chemically or structurally
identical and cannot always be used
interchangeably.
a. Sealant is typically a viscous material that

becomes solid upon application, where it
creates a barrier. The sealant barrier inhibits
the penetration of many different elements,
such as liquid, air, fire, or noise, depending on the exact nature of the sealant. A
sealant is generally used to close gaps that other materials cannot successfully
close.
b. Adhesive is a mixture that bonds items together, and can exist in many states,
such as liquid or powder. It often requires the application of a set temperature to
cure it, and is frequently used to bond thin materials. Some very strong sealants
qualify as adhesives, but weaker sealants primarily fill space, as is the case with
sealant putty.
Sealant and Adhesive Functions
a. Sealant Functions
 Intended to fill a space between two objects, not necessarily bond
them strongly together
 Responsible for creating a barrier, by means of their chemical
composition and physical structure, as well as by properly adhering to
the objects surrounding a space
 Maintain these functional properties under the specified conditions, if
they are properly used and maintained

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b. Adhesive Functions
 Bonds two objects together
Additives
Adhesive and sealants also differ in the way additives affect their chemical and
physical composition. Additives are classified based on the function they perform rather
than their composition, and although sealants and adhesives may share other chemical
similarities sometimes they require separate additives.
Common Adhesive Additives
In many adhesives, catalysts are added to enable polymerization and

cross-linking. In epoxy adhesives, catalysts include amines and anhydrides.
Reactive acrylic adhesive systems also commonly include catalysts, such as
peroxides, and UV adhesive often contain photo-initiators.

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a. Colorants (additives that add color) are also frequently added to
adhesives, and include dyes and pigments, such as titanium oxide coated
particles of mica.
b. Plasticizers, which typically increase the flexibility and workability of an

adhesive, are another common type of adhesive additive. In latex
adhesives, for example, benzoate plasticizers are added because they
work well in conjunction with base ingredients (for a latex adhesive,
namely polyvinyl acetate or ethylene-vinyl acetate, to increase the
mixture’s flexibility. Some adhesives, such as most types of hot melts, do
not require plasticizers.
c. Fillers, additives that enhance material properties, are commonly used in

both sealants and adhesives and include: mica, alumina, talc, silica, and
calcium carbonate.
Common Sealant Additives
Sealants commonly require stabilizers, and as with adhesives the

stabilizer will depend on the primary components already present in the mixture.
A stabilizer’s primary role is to increase the shelf-life of the sealant, although it
also helps improve properties. Plasticizers are also frequently used; in latex
sealants, where the primary base ingredient is vinyl acrylic, phthalates are a
common plasticizer additive. Polyurethane sealants require plasticizers to soften
the mixture, in which case benzoates are typically added.

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SELF-CHECK 1.1-1
Direction: Fill in the blanks.
1. ___________________ are frequently added to adhesives, and include dyes

and pigments, such as titanium oxide coated particles of mica.
2. _____________________ is typically a viscous material that becomes solid

upon application, where it creates a barrier.
3. _____________________ increases the flexibility and workability of an

adhesive, are another common type of adhesive additive.
4. _____________________ requires the application of a set temperature to cure

it, and is frequently used to bond thin materials.
5. _____________________ are additives that enhance material properties.

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ANSWER KEY 1.1-1
1. Colorants
2. Sealant
3. Plasticizer
4. Adhesives
5. Fillers

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TYPES AND CLASSIFICATION OF SEALANT AND ADHESIVES
LEARNING OBJECTIVE:
After reading this Information Sheet, you must be able to identify the types and
classification of sealant and adhesives.
ADHESIVES
Quick-drying contact adhesive is designed

for bonding cork, rubber, fiber, and metal gaskets
in the place prior to assembly. Gaskets adhesive
form a tough bond when used on clean, dry
surfaces. Adhesive do not aid the sailing ability of
the gasket. They are meant only to hold gaskets
in place during component assembly. Use small
dabs; they will dry quicker for fast installation. Do
not assemble components until the adhesive
completely dry. Most adhesives are ideal for use
on gasket application such as valve covers
pushrod covers, manifold and manifold end seals
and oil pan end seals.
Types of Adhesives
There are various types that are made from materials available in nature or
artificially made from chemicals.
Proteins
1. Soyben Flour. Soybean flour when mixed with a strong alkali like sodium
hydroxide or trisodium phosphate acts as a good binding material for
softwood plywood.
2. Animal Blood Glues. The proteins available in the animal blood such as
serum albumin, globulin and red cell hemoglobin are used to make glue.
Mostly blood of cows, hogs, sheep, horses, etc., are used for making
binding materials in fixing plywood.

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3. Casein Glues. This is made from dried curd casein, lime and certain
chemicals. This is used as a binding material for furniture woods, paints
and sizing agents in wooden canvas.
Carbohydrate Polymer
1. Cellulose: Cellulose from wood pulp and cotton linters which is converted
into cellulose esters and ethers by the process of esterification and
etherification, is dissolved in organic solvents to form flue, which is used as
plastic binders.
2. Starch: Starch from plants are used as binding material in the manufacture
of paper bags.
3. Natural Gum: Natural gums are used as pressure-sensitive tapes, denture

glues, medicinal tablet binders, etc.
Natural Rubber
1. Latex: These are made from the latex of natural rubber. These are used in
envelopes, leather, tire cords, carpet and textile industries, etc.
2. Solution Adhesive: These are prepared using solid natural rubber, zinc,
oxide, antioxidant, sulfur and solvents such as toluene, naphtha, etc. They
are mostly used as sealants in industries.
3. Elastomers: Elastomers are materials that are made from natural rubber,
which are highly flexible, cross-linkable, high molecular weight polymers.
They are used in belt and shoe manufacture. Butyl rubber is an elastomer
used for auto glass repair, rubber roof installation and various other
applications in the marine industry.
4. Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives: These are used in surface protection films,

covering the tapes, papers, promotional graphic materials, and skin contact
materials such as anesthetic patches, wound dressings, etc.
Phenolic Compounds
1. Lignin: Lignin is a complex polymer that is produced from paper mills.

Binding materials made from lignin are basically used as binders in roads
(non-tarred) and wood. Premethylolated lignin is becoming very popular in
North America.
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2. Tannin: Hydrolyzable tannin and condensed tannins are two different types
of tannins, which are used for making plywood panels.
Formaldehydes
1. Urea-Formaldehyde. These are hard, inflammable amino resin adhesives.
The bonds of UF can be affected by water and moisture, so it has interior
applications only.
2. Melamine-Formaldehyde: Melamine-Formaldehyde resins are used in

exterior plywood designs and impregnation of papers.
Hot-Melt
1. Ethylyne Vinyl Acetate Hot-Melts: Ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) hot-melt is
made up of EVA polymer, resins such as hydrocarbon, terpene, rosin esters,
etc., fillers such as barium sulfate, calcium carbonate and antioxidants. They
are used in edge veneering and edge banding of wooden furniture.
2. Polyamide Hot-Melts: They ate higher in cost as compared to EVA hot-

melts and have good heat-resistive property. Polyamide hot-melts are used
in veneer splicing process of linking the veneer edges of a decorative wooden
surface.
Other Types
1. Resorcinol: Resorcinol is a phenol which is produced from resins. It is used
as a binding material in the manufacture of structural finger joints and timbers.
Its strength is not affected even during harsh climatic conditions.
2. Furan: It is used in wood, cement and glass productions. It is also used in

grinding wheel manufacture.
3. Unsaturated Polyester Resins: Unsaturated polyester resins are used as

binding materials in casting plastic materials, glass fiber lamination, etc.
4. Polyurethane: These are used in glass, plastics, ceramics, wood bindings

and also in binding leather and textile fabrics.
5. Anaerobic: These are made from a combination of acrylic esters, which is

made by polymerization of acrylonitrile. It is used for sealing metal castings,
pipes and flange joints.

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6. Ultraviolet Curing: Their bonding strength is very strong and it can
withstand extreme temperatures. They are used in electronics and
telecommunication, medicine, optical glasses, etc.
7. Heat Curing: Epoxies, urethane and polyimides are thermosetting materials

and are used as heat curing adhesives in plastics and for various coatings.
All these binding materials are applied on the surface using brushes, rollers,
guns, etc. The best property of these materials should be high tensile strength, high
thermal resistance, high cohesive strength, high damping capacity, resistivity to
environmental and chemical fluctuations.
Classification of adhesives
a. Natural adhesives are those adhesives that are produced or extracted from
natural resources such as plants or animals, starch, casein glues or natural
rubber are examples of natural adhesives.
b. Synthetic adhesives are those that are not found in nature and are designed
and manufactured by man, we can say that synthetic adhesives are adhesives
laboratory.
Synthetic adhesives are the most widely used adhesives in the various sectors
that use these materials, because the mechanical, physical and chemical
properties of these adhesives are far superior to natural adhesives.
Sealants
General-purpose sealers (sometimes called

chemical positioning agents) come in liquid form
and are available in a brush type (known as brush
tack). General purpose sealers from a tacky,
flexible seal when applied in a thin, even coat that
aids in gasket sealing by helping to position the
gasket during assembly. They chemicals in a
general-purpose sealant will not upset the designed
performance of most mechanical gaskets. The
possible exception to this is that sealant
manufacturers do not recommend their use on
rubber parts. These are non-hardening and can
use rubber gaskets to slip.

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Types of Sealant Materials
a. According to components
There are two-types of resin-based sealants available today, filled and
unfilled.
1. Filled sealants are a combination of resins, chemicals, and fillers. The

purpose of the filler is to increase bonding strength and resistance to abrasion
and wear. Due to the hardness and wear resistance of filled sealants, they
must be checked after placement with articulating paper and adjusted with a
dental hand piece and appropriate bur.
2. Unfilled sealants have a higher ratio of resin to filler material, and do not
need to be adjusted with a dental hand piece; they are in essence self-
occluding. Due to low viscosity (rate of flow) of unfilled sealants, they readily
flow into the pts and fissures.
Because fluoride uptake increases the enamel’s resistance to caries, the use
of a fluoridated resin-based sealant may provide an additional ant cariogenic
effect. Fluoride-releasing sealants have shown antibacterial properties, as
well as a greater artificial caries resistance compared to a non-fluoridated
sealant material. The fluoride will leach out over a period of time into the
adjacent enamel. Eventually the fluoride content of the sealant should be
exhausted, but the content of the enamel greatly increased.
b. According to use
1. Flexible Sealants
Flexible sealants are most often used on threads of bolt that go into fluid
passages.
They are non-hardening sealers that fill voids. Preventing the fluid from
running-up of treads. They resist the chemical attack of lubricant,
synthetic oils, detergents, antifreeze, gasoline, and diesel.
2. Silicone Formed-in-place Sealants

Sealants gasket can be used to replace conventional paper, cork and
cork/rubber gaskets. It is generally for use on oil pans, valve covers
thermostat housing, timing covers, water pumps, and other such
installations. Room temperature vulcanizing (RTV) silicone sealing
products are the best known of the formed-in-place (FIP) gasket products.

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3. Anaerobic Formed-in-place Sealants
These formed-in-place materials are used for thread locking as well as
gasket. As a retaining compound, they are mostly used to hold sleeves,
bearings, and locking screw nuts in place where there is a high exposure
vibration.
4. Hylomar
Hylomar, which stands for high temperature (hy), low (lo), Martson (mar)
product, is neither an RTC nor an anaerobic. It is a combination of
polyurethane paste and silica (not silicone) flakes mized with methylene
cholorided solvent. When Hylomar us clamped in a joint, the silica flakes
interlocked and encaptulate the plastic paste, effectively shielding it from
heat, liquids, and contaminants that might otherwise dissolve it. Because
Hylomar never hardens or cures, the center remains soft and pliable-like
an armor-plated sponge.
As a sealing supplement, Hylomar sticks to virtually any surface, resists

all fluids (including gasoline), and has a claimed temperature range of 50
degree to more than 600 degre F. In addition, if a Hylomar-coated gasket
is set down wrong, it can be peeled off and reseated without damage.
5. Ant seize Compounds

Ant size compounds prevent dissimilar metals from reacting with one
another and seizing. This chemical-type material is used on many
fasteners, especially those used with aluminum parts. Always follow the
manufacturer’s recommendations when using this compound.
Sealant Application Classification
1. Waterproofing
 Expansion joints in Building Facades

 Lap Joints – Flashing/Coping
 Door/Window/Curtain wall perimeters
 Traffic Joints – Vehicular/Pedestrian
 Glazing – Structural/Back bedding
2. Acoustical
 Interior wall joints

 Base and top plate
 Thresholds
 Exterior wall joints and window perimeters
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3. Fire stopping
 Wall to Wall Joints

 Floor to Floor Joints
 Floor to Wall Joints
 Head of Wall Joint
 Wall Penetrations
4. Glazing Structural – 2-sided / 4-sided
 Back Bedding Adhesive

 Wet Glazing exterior
 IGU sealso Security / Bomb Blast
 High Impact
5. Security
 Pick Proof
 Pick Resistant
 Eliminate Contraband
 Reduce maintenance
 Institutional Use – Prisons/Schools/Hospitals/Animal Enclosures
6. Pre-Formed Joint Sealants
 Silicone extrusions
 Adhered to substrate with silicone adhesive caulk
 Restoration value
 Available in custom colors and textures
Reference:
https://anyflip.com/czgge/aksu

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SELF-CHECK 1.1-2
Write TRUE if the statement is correct or FALSE if the statement is incorrect.
___________ 1. Natural adhesives are produces or extracted from natural resources.
___________ 2. Synthetic adhesives come from plants or animals, starch, casein

glues or natural rubber.
___________ 3. Fillers increase bonding strength and resistance to abrasion and

wear.
___________ 4. Sealants are one type of adhesives.
___________ 5. Synthetic adhesives are designed and manufactured by man.

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ANSWER KEY 1.1-2
1. TRUE
2. FALSE
3. TRUE
4. FALSE
5. FALSE

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LO1. PREPARE SURFCE FOR SEALANT/ADHESIVE APPLICATION
1. Surface materials are identified as per construction

2. Surface is cleaned and free of moisture, dust and other foreign matters to
ensure maximum adhesion or seal
CONTENTS:
 Types of surface material and appropriate sealant/adhesive to be used.

 Techniques and procedures in preparing surfaces for sealant/adhesive.
CONDITIONS:

 Learning materials/CBLM
 Equipment/tools/instruments
METHODOLOGIES:
 Demonstration
 Self-paced/Modular/Distance Learning
ASSESSMENT METHODS:
 Interview
 Project method

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Learning Outcome 2- Prepare Surface for Sealant/Adhesive Application

Read Information Sheet 1.2-1 on Types Read and understand the information
of surface material and appropriate about the content. If you can’t understand
sealant/adhesive to be used. the information, ask you facilitator
No. 1.2-1.

activity.
Read Information Sheet 1.2-2 on Read and understand the information
Techniques and procedures in about the content. If you can’t understand
preparing surfaces for sealant/adhesive the information, ask you facilitator

No. 1.2-2.

activity.
Sealant/Adhesive

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Information Sheet 1.2-1
Types Surface Material and Appropriate Sealant/Adhesive to be Used
Learning Objective:
After reading this information sheet, you must be able to identify the types of
surface material and appropriate sealant/adhesive to be used.
Introduction
Components that are worn, damaged or broken need not to be replaced. There
is an increasingly wide range of sealants and adhesives in car accessory shops that
allow you to make satisfactory repairs, thus saving the cost of buying a new component.
Uses of adhesives and sealants
A vast range of sealants and adhesives are available for repairing many different
components in your car.
Plastics, wood, rubber, glass and metals can all be repaired using adhesives.
Sealants can be used to waterproof weather seals around windows, while cracks in
metal casings can be sealed with a special putty adhesive.

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Superglues
The simplest repairs you can make are to small non-stressed items, such as
plastic mouldings, badges and trim fittings, that have fallen off. These can usually be
glued back into place with one of the ‘superglue’ adhesives.
Superglues can be used on most materials but they may damage some types of
plastics, so always check on the packaging before buying a particular make.
Specialized glues
There is a range of powerful glues on the market for more specialized jobs such
as bonding metals, wood and plastics, or for filling small gaps in broken components.
One of the most useful of these are anti-vibration adhesives that can be used to secure
mechanical fastenings.
Glass glue
You can buy glues for fixing metal to glass or glass to glass. More and more
cars are being supplied with mirrors struck on to the windscreen. While these can stay
put for years, they do tend to give up eventually.
Some of these glues work in the same way as normal glues, while others have
to be exposed to light before they will cure. You can also refix window catches that
have come adrift.
SAFETY TIPS
1. Make sure you read any warnings on the packaging of the glues or sealants,
otherwise you may damage the component you are working on.
2. Many products must be used only in a well-ventilated area – don’t ignore this
warning because the fumes they give off are often enough to make you pass out.
3. Some types of adhesive can cause considerable irritation if they come into
contact with your skin, so wear gloves when handling them. If an adhesive does
come into contact with your skin, you can usually wash it off with soap and water.
If you get any in your eyes, wash the affected area with large amounts of water
and seek medical advice straightaway.

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Removing glues
You need to remove any excess adhesive or sealant from the repaired
component for a neat finish. Most you can simply trim away with a sharp craft knife.
Others, such as window sealants, are messy and often need to be removed with white
spirit or methylated spirit. You can remove most adhesives from carpets and seats with
normal upholstery cleaner.
Always check, when you buy, if any special cleaning fluid is needed to remove a
particular type of adhesive or sealant.
GENERAL USES OF ADHESIVES/SEALANTS
a. Fixing loose screws

If a bolt or screw constantly vibrates loose, such
as the throttle butterfly screws on a Stromberg
carburetor, you can fix it securely by applying
special thread locking adhesive.
How?
1. Remove the fastening and clean the screw
and screw hole threads.
2. Apply a few drops of fluid to the threads, then

refit the screw and do it up tightly.
3. Allow time for the adhesive to cure.
b. Casing repairs
You can repair cracks in an aluminum casing, such as a gearbox casing,
with an adhesive putty kit.
How?
1. Make sure the affected area is absolutely clean,
using special cleaning fluid where
recommended.
2. Thoroughly mix the correct amounts of resin and

hardener together.

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3. Apply the putty liberally to the casing with a
spatula
4. Press it firmly into the damaged area so it

completely fills any spaces, then smooth it down
c. Securing studs and bearings

Special aadhesives can be used in securing studs and bearings. Apart from
securing the components the glue has further advantages: once applied, it
provides an effective seal against corrosion.
This is particularly important with components such as cylinder head studs

which, if they become corroded, can snap off when you try to remove them.
These adhesives can also be used for securing press-fit bearings such as
wheel bearings. They are especially useful where there is a slight amount
of wear to the bearing housing which might otherwise mean scrapping the
unit. The adhesive fills the slight gap between the bearing and the housing.
It also makes the bearing easier to fit as it provides some lubrication
between the surfaces.
How?
1. Once the parts have been cleaned the adhesive should be applied
sparingly to both surfaces.
2. Fit the components together and allow about 15 minutes for it to cure.
The adhesive will be fully cured after about three hours.
Similar adhesives are also available for keeping bushes and sleeves in their
housings.
d. Repair putty
To fill minor cracks in engine or gearbox casings you can use repair putty. This
can also be applied to a range of metals, including stainless steel, aluminum
and bronze.
The repair kit usually consists of two separate pastes - resin and a hardener -
which have to be mixed together and then quickly applied to the damaged area.

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How?
1. The affected area has to be as clean as possible to allow the putty to adhere
properly. For this use a solvent cleaning fluid and a scrubbing brush.
2. Thoroughly mix the resin and hardener together in equal amounts and apply it
quickly to the damaged casing with the spatula provided in the kit.
3. Make sure you leave the putty for about ten hours before you drive the car. Full
strength is reached after about 72 hours.
e. Waterproofing
Sealants (sometimes called mastics) are used for waterproofing, such as repairing
a leaking window. They are usually supplied in the form of a large tube with
a nozzle at one end and may be either clear or black. The clear sealants are used
for waterproofing between the weather seal and window while the black sealants
are used between the seal and bodywork.
How?
1. To apply the sealant, you gently lift the seal surrounding the window and insert
the nozzle into the gap.
2. Squeeze the sealant while running the nozzle along the gap.
f. Removing glues
Remove any excess adhesive or sealant from the repaired component for a neat
finish. Most you can simply trim away with a sharp craft knife. Others, such as
window sealants, are messy and often need to be removed with white spirit or
methylated spirit. You can remove most adhesives from carpets and seats with
normal upholstery cleaner.
How?
1. Always check, when you buy, if any special cleaning fluid is needed to remove
a particular type of adhesive or sealant.
g. Bodywork repairs
1. Spray the surface of windscreen and mirror
with the activator. Let the activator dry, apply
the adhesive to the mirror base and hold firmly
until set.

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2. To stick a badge to the body, clean the surfaces,
apply the 'superglue' sparingly and hold the
components together for a few seconds until the
glue has set.
3. On a wooden dashboard, a piece of trim that

has fallen off can be quickly stuck back on by using an
extra strong bonding glue.
4. To seal a window lift the weather seal

carefully with a spoon handle. Insert the
applicator nozzle into the gap and squeeze
the handle to apply the sealant.
References:
https://www.howacarworks.com/technology/vehicle-adhesives-and-sealants

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SELF-CHECK 1.2-1
Encircle the letter of your best answer.

1. What are superglues used for?
a. Fallen plastic moldings and badges
b. Badges and trim fittings
c. Fallen plastic moldings, badges and trim fittings
d. None of the above
2. What type of glue is used for glass to glass fittings?

a. White spirit
b. Methylated spirit
c. Glass glue
d. Sealant
3. These are used for waterproofing, such as repairing a leaking window.

a. Glass glue
b. Repair putty
c. Adhesive
d. Sealant
4. Adhesives/sealants must be used only in a __________________ area,

a. No roof
b. Enclosed
c. Air conditioned
d. Well-ventilated
5. How do you remove excess glues or sealants?

a. Use white spirit or methylated spirit
b. A and C
c. Trim away with a sharp craft knife
d. Neither A or C

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ANSWER KEY 1.2-1
1. A
2. C
3. D
4. D
5. B

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Techniques and Procedures in Preparing Surfaces for Sealant/Adhesive
LEARNING OBJECTIVE
After reading this information sheet, you must able to identify the techniques
and procedures in preparing surfaces for sealant/adhesive.
INTRODUCTION
Substrate preparation is critical to good preparation and good adhesion. Poor

substrate preparation can contribute to adhesion problems to remove contamination.
SURFACE TREATMENT IN IMPROVING THE BONDING PROPERTIES OF

SUBSTRATES
In bonding mechanisms, it is clear that certain requirements have to meet by the

structure of the substrate if a high-quality strong bond is to be achieved:
1. The substrate surface must have good wetting properties, namely the chosen
adhesive should not form beads on the substrate surface but must rather
distribute itself (spread) across the surface.
2. The substrate surface must have good bonding properties, namely there must
be intermolecular and chemical interactions with the adhesive molecules.
3. The surface layer of the substrate must be securely attached to the substrate.
Imagine for example highly rusted steel supports that have to be bonded
together. If the surface rust layer is not removed, then rust is merely bonded to
rust. On subjecting the substrates to loads, the rust breaks away together with
the adhesive. In contrast to rust, the oxide layer on aluminum is very strongly
attached to the base material and is a good base surface for adhesion.
4. After the bonding process, the surface must not change in an uncontrolled way.
Ground steel, for example, rusts – even under the adhesive film – if the bond is
in a moist environment. In order to create a bond having good long-term stability,
solely grinding the steel surface is inadequate – and in addition suitable
measures must be taken to prevent rusting under the adhesive film when using
this steel component in a moist environment/

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These facts emphasize the need for subjecting the substrate to a surface
treatment, to create a surface that meets the abovementioned criteria.
In general, this means treating the materials such that:

1. In a production environment, conditions for bonding are created that
guarantee reproducible bond quality;
2. Wetting and adhesion are improved;
3. The long-term stability of the bonded joints is improved.
In general, a distinction is made between three broad types of “surface

treatment”.
1. Surface preparation
Surface preparation covers cleaning (degreasing) and preparation (e.g.
deburring) of the substrate surface. Process oils, mold release, dirt,
grease, etc. can be removed through:
Appropriate solvent cleaning

 Wiper pr immerse in acetone, IPA, ethyl acetate, toluene, etc.
Detergent cleaning
 Wash with soap and water rinse, dry thoroughly
2. Surface treatment
This encompasses all mechanical processes (e.g. grinding, jet-cleaning),
chemical processes (Metals: e.g. etching; Plastics: e.g. gas-phase
fluorination) and physical processes (Plastics: low pressure plasma) that
alter the structure and/or chemical composition of the surface, relative to
the starting base material.
Mechanical roughening:
Substrates
 Sandpaper
 Sand blasting
 Metal wool
Chemical treatment
 Chemical treatment is the process of treating a clean surface by chemical
means. The chemical nature of the substrate surface is altered to make
it highly receptive to adhesion
Examples: etching with oxalic acid/sulfuric acid/distilled water
Etching with hydrochloric acid/distilled water
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3. Surface post-treatment
This covers all techniques that serve to preserve the treated surface, e.g.
application of a primer.
Use of primers
 One-component, no mixing
 Promote adhesion to difficult-to-bond substrates
 Apply in thin coats (0.5 mil)
 Dry at room temperature and ambient humidity conditions
 Allow the primer to air-dry for at least 30 minutes before applying silicone
 When drying, avoid touching the primer or allowing it to be exposed to
dust or water
 Primers
 Flame treatment
 High temperature which oxidizes the surface of the substrate and provides
new functional groups
 Used for many types of plastics
 Corona treatment
 High voltage, high frequency discharge in air; another oxidation method,
in which new functional groups are produced on the surface
 Plasma treatment
 Neutral and charges species created by a discharge in the presence of a
gas
References:
Retrieved from https://anyflip.com/czgge/aksu

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SELF-CHECK 1.2-2
Enumeration:
List down the three broad types of surface treatment.

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ANSWER KEY 1.2-2
1. Surface preparation
2. Surface pretreatment
3. Surface post-treatment

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LO3. APPLY SEALANT/ADHESIVE EVENLY
1. Sealant/adhesive is applied evenly on the surface in line with manufacturer’s

specification
2. Excess sealant/adhesive is removed by sanding or scrapping
3. Tools and equipment used to apply sealant/adhesive are appropriate to job
requirements
4. Safety are observed and PPE are worn in accordance with industry SOP
5. Hazards associated with the use of sealant and adhesives are identified.
CONTENTS:
 Use of sealant and adhesive

 Types and classification of sealant and adhesives
 Tools and materials to be used in applying sealant/adhesive
 Techniques in applying sealant/adhesive
 Safety requirements in applying sealant/adhesive
CONDITIONS:

METHODOLOGIES:
 Demonstration
ASSESSMENT METHODS:
 Interview
 Project method
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Learning Outcome 3- Apply Sealant/Adhesive Evenly

Read Information Sheet 1.3-1 on Tools Read and understand the information
and materials to be used in applying about the content. If you can’t understand
sealant/adhesive the information, ask you facilitator
No. 1.3-1. You must answer all
questions correctly before proceeding
to the next activity.
Perform Task Sheet 1.3-1 on Install Evaluate your performance using
Adhesive Performance Criteria Checklist 1.3-1.
Your performance will also be evaluated
by your trainer using the same
Performance Criteria Checklist
Techniques in applying about the content. If you can’t understand

Read Information Sheet 1.3-3 on Safety Read and understand the information
requirements in applying about the content. If you can’t understand

Sealant/Adhesive

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INFORMATION SHEET 1.3.1
Tools and Materials to Be Used in Applying Sealant/Adhesive
LEARNING OBJECTIVE
After reading this information sheet, you must be able to identify the tools and
materials to be used in applying sealant/adhesive.
TOOLS IN APPLYING ADHESIVES

1. Grease pencil or masking tape – used to measure and mark the area where the
decal will be placed
2. Handy spray bottle premixed with water and a few drops of liquid dish soap as
an application fluid – used to mist the sticky side of the decal
3. Rigid plastic bond-type spreader/paddle – used to press the graphics down
firmly and squeezes out air bubbles
4. Alcohol/wax remover – removes excess wax/detail solution
How to Apply Adhesive Vinyl

1. Unpack & Unroll
Unpack right away, unroll and allow them to ‘relax’ in a warm, dry place
to help flatten after shipping. Look for the printed instructions in the box.
2. Clean and Mark Vehicle Surface

Use alcohol or other wax remover to
remove excess wax/detail solution.
Vinyl will not adhere well to waxes or
detail solution (most are silicone
based). Measure and mark the area
where your decal will go with a grease
pencil or masking tape to make a level
guideline. If your panel, isn’t level, you
may need to ‘trick’ your eye by what
looks best.
3. Separate Graphics from Liner

Your graphics are pre-masked with ‘transfer tape’ to help you lift and
position them. DON’T TAKE OFF THE TAPE yet. Place decal face down
on a clean, flat surface and carefully separate the waxy paper backing
from the taped numbers. Try not to touch the exposed adhesive surface
of the vinyl.

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4. Mist with Application Fluid/Position on Vehicle
Use a very light mix of water and a few drops of liquid dish soap. Spray
the sticky side of the decal. Swipe your fingers over the liquid to spread it
on the back of the decal and reduce bubbles. Then position the decal on
your marks. If you miss, pull up carefully and reposition. Don’t slide it
around. You will get a couple of shots before it really sticks.
5. Paddle/Rub Down Decal

Use a rigid plastic bond-type spreader/paddle to firmly, but gently, press
the graphics down and squeeze out air – use smooth even strokes
working from the center out to the edges to eliminate bubbles. Don’t go
back and forth, paddle in one direction.
6. Peel Off Tape

Once the graphics are firmly in place, peel off the transfer tape using low
and even pressure. If part of the decal seems to lift, reposition the tape
and paddle some more. Allowing graphics to rest a bit before peeling tape
will help – especially if you used a lot of fluid. If you experience any large
bubbles, you can pierce them with a pin and gently press out excess water
or air with a soft cloth.
Tips!
 Don’t apply in direct sunlight
 Remove wax and detail solution before applying
 Temperature should be at least 60oF/15.6oC for vinyl to adhere well
 Clean minor dirt/scuff marks with soft cloth, soap & water
 Use car wax on decals to keep them looking great
TOOLS IN APPLYING SEALANTS
1. Passive Round Tip Spatula
2. Aggressive Pointed Tip Spatula

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3. Caulk Gun
4. Sealant of choice
Steps in Applying Silicone Sealant
1. Clean the surface

Remove loose materials and contaminants with a knife or a scraper.
Clean with a vacuum or brush to maximize the seal from the silicone’s
sealant. If there are residues such as oil, glue, or old sealant, remove
them with a degreaser or a spirit. You can also utilize masking tape to
remove loose materials from hard to reach areas.
2. Dispense sealant into the joints, overfill them slightly.
3. PUSH forward with along the joint with a passive or traditionally shaped (rounded
tip) spatula. Smooth and remove the excess caulk by scooping it off the
substrate.
4. PULL the sealant back towards you using an aggressive shaped (pointed tip)
spatula, giving it the hourglass shaped profile that most sealant manufacturers
recommend for the best elongation characteristics. Take note of the shallow
angle of the spatula in this step.
5. Finished – remember to clean off your spatulas for longer lasting tool!
References:
Retrieved from https://albionexpersonline.blogspot.com/2018/05/how-to-tool-sealants-

in-horizontal.html
Retrieved from https://www.henkel-adhesive.com/ph/en/products/industrial-

sealants.html

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SELF-CHECK 1.3.1
Encircle the letter of your answer.
1. This is used to remove excess wax/detail solution before applying adhesives.

a. Water
b. Oil
c. Alcohol
d. Wax
2. Presses down graphics firmly and squeezes out the air bubbles
a. Spreader
b. Masking tape
c. Spatula
d. Soft plastic
3. Tool in dispensing sealants

a. Caulk gun
b. Spatula
c. Soft plastic
d. Spreader
4. Removes residues such as oil, glue or old sealant

a. Water
b. Oil
c. Wax
d. Degreaser
5. Other term for degreaser

a. Dishwashing liquid
b. Spirit
c. Wax
d. Oil

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ANSWER KEY 1.3.1
1. C
2. A
3. A
4. D
5. B

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TASK SHEET 1.3-1
Title: Install Adhesive
Performance Objective: Given the appropriate tools and materials, install
adhesive in line with job requirements and manufacturer’s specification within 25
minutes.
Supplies / Materials:
 Adhesive
 Grease pencil or masking tape
 Handy spray bottle premixed with water and a few drops of liquid dish soap
 Rigid plastic bond-type spreader/paddle
 Alcohol/wax remover
Equipment:
Step/Procedure:
1. Unpack and unroll the new adhesive carefully
2. Clean and mark vehicle surface
3. Separate graphics from liner
4. Mist with application fluid
5. Position adhesive on marked vehicle surface
6. Rub down gently with spreader/paddle
7. Peel off transfer tape gently
8. Present your task to your trainer
Assessment Method:
 Demonstration with oral questioning

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PERFORMANCE CRITERIA CHECKLIST 1.3-1
Install Adhesive
Name of Trainee : ______________________________________

Date : ______________________________________
CRITERIA YES NO
Did I……?
1. Unpack and unroll the new adhesive carefully?
2. Clean and mark vehicle surface?
3. Separate graphics from liner?
4. Mist with application fluid?
5. Position adhesive on marked vehicle surface?
6. Rub down gently with spreader/paddle?
7. Peel off transfer tape gently?
8. Present your task to your trainer?
Comment/Suggestions:
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
______________________
Trainee’s Signature
______________________
Trainer’s Signature
______________________
Date of Performance
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Techniques in Applying Sealant/Adhesive
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
After reading this information sheet, you must be able to describe the techniques
in applying sealant/adhesive.
APPLICATION PROCESS
A wide range of equipment is available to help you apply virtually any adhesive
or sealant during the manufacturing process. If your operation calls for sealing, gluing,
bonding or molding, five application methods are typically used to deposit material to
the part – dots/beads, spray, web coating, wheel or brush. The right material application
method is based on your specific production requirements and the type of material being
used.
1. Dots/Beads
There are a variety of options available for achieving precise, consistent dot and
bead patterns.
a. Hand Gun
Typical handgun systems can be cartridge-based or hose fed.
Cartridge-based systems are portable, but require

frequent refilling and costly cartridges. In addition,
product quality is dependent on operator skill.
However, these manual dispensers a versatile,
inexpensive option for touchups, low-volume
assembly and field work. They provide a clean,
comfortable alternative to squeeze bottles and hand
syringes, also have mechanical leverage that makes
it easy to dispense thick materials like greases and
silicones without hand fatigue.
Hose fed handgun systems minimize physical stress and fatigue when
manually applying hot melt adhesives. They are ideal for horizontal gluing
applications on flat panels, with select nozzles for producing bead or spiral
spray patterns. The hose fed handgun has spray patterns that range from
0.24 to 6 inches wide (6 to 152 mm), offering more consistent output than
cartridge-based systems to optimize productivity. Many handguns are also
designed with ergonomic configurations that allow operators to maintain a
neutral wrist position and cool-touch handles for added safety.
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b. Automatic Pneumatic Gun
Air-driven guns provide accurate timing and are insensitive to material
viscosity and system pressure. Today’s most innovative automatic pneumatic
guns deliver reliable, long-life operation, which reduce actuation module
replacement costs. In addition, many incorporate design features – like color –
coding to identify actuation (AO/AC and AO/SC), easy-on features for faster
installation and special configurators to help you determine the right gun for
your application. Highly reliable and accurate, automatic pneumatic guns can
run at speeds that exceed 3500 cycles per minute.
c. Automatic Electric Gun

Automatic electric guns can accommodate very fast cycle times (in excess
of 3000 per hour). Typically incorporating an all-electric driver to optimize
performance, these guns can achieve greater pattern
control and consistency. In addition, by eliminating the
used of compressed air and dynamic seals, automatic
electric guns lower operating costs and minimize module
maintenance. They also have longer service life
compared to pneumatic guns, reducing replacement
costs.
d. Jetting
A non-contact application method used to apply dots of material only. It
is used quite often in electronics applications because it is known for dispensing
material in small spaces – as tight as 175 micrometers at speeds up to 400
mg/second.
In operation, the jet “flies” over the part or substrate, and using a patented
high-speed mechanism, shoots precise volumes of fluid in dots, lines and
patterns. The result is very fast, very accurate material application. In addition,
jet dispensers are easy and quick to clean in 10 minutes or less with no tools
required.
2. Spray
When considering spray application methods,
manufacturers must consider material viscosity, overspray
issues and pattern control requirements.
a. Air Spray
Low Volume Low Pressure (LVLP) spray systems provide consistent
coating of low viscosity fluids. Here, microliter to milliliter amounts can be reliably
dispensed in round patterns with diameters ranging from 4.3 to 50.8 mm (0.17”
to 2.0”) and in fan patterns with widths up to 165.1 mm (6.5”).
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The combination of adjustable fluid flow, adjustable nozzle air and post-
air cutoff provides good spray control, but often, the challenge of overspray must
be addressed.
b. Airless Spray
Automatic airless spray guns are designed to
deliver maximum reliability in high-production airless
painting, sealant and adhesive applications. They are
suitable for moderate viscosity materials, and can
provide fine atomization and controlled deposition with
minimal overspray. Air-actuated guns provide fast
response time (30 to 40 milliseconds) and high-speed
cycling capability (up to 2500 cycles per minute), and
are ideal for coating situations requiring precise
material application.
c. Fiberized Spray
Continuous fibers provide very accurate pattern control and minimize
overspray. Typically fiberization forms an open, netlike patter that is a swirl,
meltblown or random fiber.
Swirl spray nozzles improve bond strength and product quality in hot melt
adhesive nonwovens and product assembly laminating applications. Many
applicators allow you to control adhesive fiber size, density and pattern width for
better bond performance. Typically, you can produce low-density, large-fiber
patterns for maximum bond strength; open patterns for absorbency; or highly
dense fine-fiber patterns for heat-sensitive substrates.
Meltblown spray nozzles enhance high-speed production with random hot

melt adhesive coatings for continuous applications. Ideal for wide-web
lamination, meltblown spray coatings improve appearance and hand-on personal
hygiene products and produce excellent fine-fiber coatings in high-speed tissue
plybonding.
There are also nozzles available to produce random hot melt adhesive
coatings for continuous high-speed lamination of roll-based materials. These are
typically used in nonwovens, wide and narrow web coating, and general
manufacturing and assembly applications. Random fiber nozzles help achieve
dense, uniform coverage with tight edge control and patterns that can yield
consistent bonding, tolerate process parameter changes, and help improve
product quality.

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3. Web Coating
There are a variety of options available for web coating applications.
a. Slot Applicator (On-or Off-Roll)

High-performance slot applicators deliver
precise intermittent and continuous hot melt
adhesive coatings. Slot applicators provide
accurate thickness control, with a closed system
that minimizes premature drying or curing. Most
can offer clean adhesive cut-off, and can
accommodate cycle rates of 4,000 and 5,000 per
minute depending on their design specifics. Slot
applicators are available in a range of application widths, with other options
that include several options, including anti-stick coating, low-volume output
and additional shim plates and slots.
b. Fiberized Spray
A continuous fiber spray provides very accurate pattern control and
minimal overspray. This non-contact application method is excellent for
textured webs, forming an open, netlike pattern.
Typically used in hot melt adhesive nonwovens and product assembly
laminating applications, fiberized spray nozzles improve bond strength and
product quality. Many applicators allow you to control adhesive fiber size,
density and pattern width for better bond performance. You can also produce
low-density, large-fiber patterns for maximum bond strength; open patterns
for absorbency; or highly dense fine-fiber patterns for heat-sensitive
substrates.
c. Wheel/Roller
Wheel and roller applicators provide a
variety of pattern options, but may require frequent
cleaning if the adhesive cures on it. These
applicators apply hot melt adhesive from the top,
the bottom or side, and patterns can be tailored to
meet specific production needs.
d. Dip
Dip application methods are suitable for thick coatings of low viscosity
adhesive.

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4. Wheel
Wheel applicators provide a variety of pattern options, but may require
frequent cleaning if the adhesive cures on it. These applicators apply hot melt
adhesive from the top, the bottom or side, and patterns can be tailored to meet
specific production needs.
5. Brush
The brush application method is the least consistent and reliable of all. Here,
product quality is dependent on operator skill.
References:
https://www.adhesive.org/adhesives-sealants/adhesices-sealants-overview/use -of-
adhesives/application-equipment/application-process

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Self-Check 1.3-2
Enumerate 5 kinds of sealant/adhesive application process

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Answer Key 1.3-2
1. Dots/Beads
2. Spray
3. Web Coating
4. Wheel
5. Brush

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Safety Requirements in Applying Sealant/Adhesive
LEARNING OBJECTIVE
After reading this information sheet, you must be able to identify the safety
requirements in applying sealant/adhesive.
Safety requirements for adhesive
It’s essential to follow proper safety precautions when doing tasks involving using
contact adhesives.
Some substances can be harmful. Toluene is a

good example. This clear liquid, with its distinctive
smell, is widely used as a solvent in contact adhesives.
If a product containing toluene is applied incorrectly, it
can be harmful to your health. If you’re using contact
adhesives, make sure to choose products that won’t put
your health (or that of anyone who is helping you) at risk.
According to experts, exposure to high levels of Toluene may affect organs and
systems in the body. This chemical is also highly addictive and intentional long-term
exposure can have severe effects. Even low to moderate exposure can lead to light-
headedness and headaches, among other symptoms.
When selecting contact adhesives, we tend to only think about the features that
will help us to get the job done. However, it’s also important to consider whether these
products pose any risks to our health.
Do’s of Using Silicone Adhesives and Sealants
1. Use of sufficient protection.

Some of the most common injuries people
experience when using silicone adhesives
and sealants are an electrical shock, skin
burns, and eye injuries. Having sufficient
protection can help prevent these injuries,
and wear surgical masks over your mouth
and nose if you are using a type of glue that
gives off fumes.

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Gloves can also be worn to protect against burns, but do keep in mind that
rubber gloves can melt, and this can lead to an even more grave injury if
they get in contact with the hot glue. Gloves made from canvas and
leather are better options. Long pants, long sleeves, and closed-toe
shoes are also advisable.
2. Use a primer whenever possible.

Primers are valuable because they help sealants adhere to your chosen
surface. Primers may have a short shelf life, but they help improve
adhesion by 20%. There are a few solvent-based primers that can be
applied by brush or by cloth.
3. Consider the sealant’s shelf life.

The majority of sealants sold today cure at the rate of 2-3mm per 2 4
hours, and this is exactly why they will not last forever in the tube. They
have an especially short shelf life if in hot and humid conditions. Keeping
them in the refrigerator will help extend their days, and keeping nozzles
always attached will also help them cure slowly. Obviously, refrain from
opening the tubes until you are ready to use them.
4. Keep your workspace.

Keep in mind that other people, and even pets, may come in contact with
your workspace while you are working, so make sure your glue gun is
safely away from children and animals. Choose a work area that is near
a power source so you won’t need an extension cord. All surfaces in your
workspace should be covered with or made of non-flammable material.
Clear away any loose papers and materials that can catch fire.
Note: An Easy Way to Remove Sealant

Manufacturers always get queries from people asking if there is any
miracle substance that can help remove sealant. Well, the answer to this
is a resounding “No”. the only way you will be able to remove sealant is
through mechanical methods, such as a cheese wire or sharp knife, or by
abrading it with a sander.
Don’ts of Using Silicone Adhesives and Sealants
1. Not choosing the right adhesive

Before you purchase silicone adhesive or sealant for your project, you
must check the materials you are working with. There are adhesives
made especially for certain materials.

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2. Not checking the expiration date
Before purchasing silicone adhesives and sealants, make sure it is not out
of date. This is a small detail that is easily overlooked. Silicone sealant
undergoes changes if it is past its shelf life. Tubes that are out of date a
longer time to dry and are no longer potent.
3. Not cleaning the surface

If there is any grime, oil, grease, or other residues on the surfaces
which you are working with, you will have a difficult time forming a solid
and good bond. Make sure you clean surfaces thoroughly and let them
dry before proceeding with your work.
4. Not following instructions

There are various types of sealants and adhesives, and they come with
slightly different instructions for how they are to be used, particularly in
terms of how long it takes for the sealant to dry. There are very strong
adhesives which might need to be mixed with other substances before
use. Therefore, always read the instructions and follow them to the letter.
5. Not using pressure

Gluing two pieces of metal together is different from using glue with paper
and waiting for it to dry on its own. Pressure has to be applied to ensure the
bond formed is as strong as possible. A vise or clamp can hold the pieces
together with a firm pressure so that the adhesive can bond to the metal surfaces
which have been prepared prior. Wait as long as possible before removing the
clamp, and allow the adhesive ample time to dry. Do not hasten the process,
Otherwise, you will have problems.
If you do come into contact with contact adhesives, follow these guidelines:
On your hands: Wash well with soap and water. Use a skin moisturizer afterwards.
In your eyes: Wash immediately with copious amounts of running water for at least 10
minutes. Cover the affected eye with a sterile bandage. Consult an eye specialist.
If you swallow it: Flush your mouth and drink plenty of water. Consult a doctor.
If you inhale it: Move to fresh air and/or put on an oxygen mask (if available). Consult
a doctor
References:

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SELF-CHECK 1.3-3
A. Enumerate 3 of the DO’s in using silicone sealant/adhesive
B. Enumerate 3 of the Don’ts in using silicone sealant/adhesive

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ANSWER KEY 1.3-3
A. Do’s of Using Silicone Adhesives and Sealants
1. Use sufficient protection

2. Use a primer whenever possible
3. Consider the sealant’s shelf life
4. Prep your workspace
B. Don’ts of Using Silicone Adhesives and Sealants
1. Not choosing the right adhesive

2. Not checking the expiration date
3. Not cleaning the surface
4. Not using pressure
5. Not following instructions

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LO4. STORE/DISPOSE OF SEALANT/ADHESIVE
1. Sealant/Adhesive are stored as per prescribed procedure

2. Waste are disposed as per workshop SOP
CONTENTS:
 Sealant/adhesive storing procedures

 Waste disposal standard procedures
 Hazards associated with improper waste disposal
CONDITIONS:

METHODOLOGIES:
 Demonstration
ASSESSMENT METHODS:
 Interview
 Project method

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Learning Outcome 4 – Store/Dispose of Sealant/Adhesice

Sealant/Adhesive storing procedures about the content. If you can’t understand
Read Information Sheet 1.4-2 on Waste Read and understand the information
disposal standard procedures about the content. If you can’t understand

Hazards associated with improper about the content. If you can’t understand
waste disposal the information, ask you facilitator

LO on Move and Position Vehicle.

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SEALANT/ADHESIVE STORING PROCEDURES
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
After reading this Information sheet you must be able to describe the
sealant/adhesive storing procedures.
Hazardous materials, by nature, can harm children or adults if you fail to store
the dangerous substances safely. Proper storage reduces the risk of accidents
involving hazardous materials. If the substance is ignitable, corrosive, toxic or reactive,
then it is hazardous. A majority of household chemicals and materials fit these
categories, including paint, motor oil, antifreeze, insecticides, herbicides, fungicides,
cleaning agents, adhesives, arts and craft materials, aerosol cans, propane cylinders,
moth repellents, batteries, smoke detectors, televisions, cell phones and ammunition.
Keep your family safe by properly treating, transporting, disposing of and storing
all hazardous materials.
Steps:
1. Follow all the storage instructions on the
product label. Storage requirements vary
based on the hazardous property a material has.
2. Be sure to store all volatile products in well-

ventilated areas. Fumes can be toxic to
humans and animals.
3. Make certain you store flammable products in the recommended

temperature range. The containers will bulge if you store them in temperatures
that are too high. Liquid materials will expand, freeze and burst if you store them
in temperatures that are too low.
4. Keep all hazardous materials out of the reach of children and away from all
animals.
 Buy products with safety lids whenever possible.
 Put all hazardous materials stored in the house, garage or basement
behind locked doors.

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5. Use the original container to store the hazardous material. If the label is
lifting off, use a transparent tape to secure it.
6. Reduce the amount of hazardous materials you keep in storage. Purchase

only the amount necessary to complete your current job. You may find it better
to discard leftover product rather than storing it. Just make sure you follow the
proper process for disposing of hazardous materials.
7. Do periodic maintenance storage areas?

 Look for problems inside each storage area on a regular basis. Be sure
there are no apparent fumes.
 Inspect all hazardous material containers. Make sure you can clearly see
each label. The containers should be free of rust, bulges, dents or leaks.
 Use a separate broom and dustpan for chemical cleanup. Be sure to lock
these tools away when you are not using them.
How to Store Your Construction Adhesive
Storing adhesives the right way allows you to use your adhesive to complete
multiple projects over time instead of throwing it away after one use.
Simple tips for storing your adhesive:
For Squeeze Tubes
Step 1. After using your adhesive, squeeze a small

amount of adhesive into the cap before placing the
cap back on the tube.
Step 2. Gently snug the cap in place so that the

adhesive in the cap is squeezed out
along the edges of the tube opening. Applying a small
amount of adhesive in the cap ensures the tube
opening will stay clear of dried adhesive and will be
ready for use on your next project.
Step 3. Store in a cool place, preferably with a

temperature of less than 85oF.

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For Cartridges
Step 1. After usage, gun a small amount of adhesive out.
Step 2. Allow it to dry at the end of the cartridge tip. Allowing a small amount of
adhesive to dry at the tip will form a natural plug, which can later be removed. This will
ensure the tube opening stays clear of dried adhesive and will be ready to use on your
next project.
Step 3. Store in a cool place, preferably with a temperature of less than 85 oF.
References:

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SELF-CHECK 1.4-1
What are the steps in storing adhesive in cartridge?

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ANSWER KET 1.4-1
Step 1. After usage, gun a small amount of adhesive out.
Step 2. Allow it to dry at the end of the cartridge tip. Allowing a small amount of
adhesive to dry at the tip will form a natural plug, which can later be removed. This will
ensure the tube opening stays clear of dried adhesive and will be ready to use on your
next project.
Step 3. Store in a cool place, preferably with a temperature of less than 85 oF.

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WASTE DISPOSAL STANDARD PROCEDURES
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
After reading this information sheet you must able to describe the proper waste
disposal standard procedures.
Standard Operating Procedure in disposing Adhesive/Sealants
Exposure Assessment:
Skin Contact
 Hazardous Chemicals
Some adhesives contain chemicals that can be hazardous to skin. Avoid
all possible skin contact with adhesives.
 Skin Attachment
Adhesives that attach to skin can cause serious harm. The adhesive
could then attach to another surface that it comes into contact with. This
could be quite dangerous. Avoid all possible skin contact with adhesives.
Fumes
 Flammable Vapors
Many adhesives are flammable and give off flammable vapors. High
vapor concentrations near a spark, hot element, or open flame may ignite
causing severe burns.
 Hazardous Vapors
Some adhesives contain chemicals that produce dangerous fumes.
These vapors can cause serious damage to one’s health.
Control Plan:
 Always wear gloves when handling adhesives to avoid contact with skin
 Wear protective garments to cover exposed skin
 Be familiar with chemicals in adhesive being used
 Wear safety glasses at all times while using adhesive in case of splashing. If
necessary, wear a face guard too
 Work in a well-ventilated area when using adhesives to avoid inhaling vapors or
build-up of flammable vapors
 Keep adhesive a safe distance away from any exposed skin
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 Keep adhesive away from sparks, heating elements, open flame, or any other
source that may gauge ignition of adhesive or fumes
 Keep adhesive bottle closed when not being applied
 Do not wear neckties, jewelry, or loose clothing, as they could come into contact
with adhesive
 Tie up long hair or wear protective hair covering to prevent hair from coming in
contact with adhesive
Experimental Procedures:
 Put on all safety equipment and tie back loose hair or clothing
 Check to make sure correct adhesive is ready to be used
 Prepare work space by laying down brown paper
 Prepare work piece for adhesive operation on top of brown paper work space
 When ready, open adhesive bottle and use right away on work piece as desired.
Keep all exposed skin away from adhesive during application
 Close adhesive bottle right away
 Leave work piece in desired position to let adhesive attach and dry to work piece
 Remove work piece when finished
 Clean workspace. Dispose of any unwanted remains (see Waste Management
Procedures)
 Return adhesive to its appropriate location
Waste Management Procedures:

When finished with adhesive, put it away promptly. Always clean the area and watch
out for any adhesive that may remain. Paper towels and cleaning solution (including
adhesive remover) can be found in G217-11. Dispose of any leftover material or debris
appropriately.
Place all other materials back in the appropriate place.
Spill and Accident Procedures:

If an accident occurs, report immediately to the lab supervisor (G217-05) or other
appropriate staff member. If no one is around, dial 911 on the landline phone near the
door of G217-11 to reach the campus police. If needed, the lab first aid kit is located on
the wall near the sink. A first aid pamphlet from DEHS is located in all of the MDC’s first
aid kits.

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Self-Check 1.4-2
A. According to the Standard Operating Procedure on waste disposal, what are

the waste management procedures?

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ANSWER KEY 1.4-2
 Always clean the area and watch out for any adhesive that may remain. Paper
towels and cleaning solution (including adhesive remover) can be found in
G217-11. Dispose of any leftover material or debris appropriately.
 Place all other materials back in the appropriately place.

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Hazards Associated With Improper Waste Disposal
LEARNING OBJECTIVE
After reading this information sheet you must be able to recognize the hazards
associated with improper waste disposal.
Six Negative Effects of Improper Waste Management
Most of us can claim to have read up on waste management processes.

However, it should come as no surprise that despite our best efforts, the damage has
continued, only at a different rate. We have come a long way in efficiently dealing with
waste, yet several key problems continue to merge and injure the planet at large.
Negative effects of improper waste management not only ends in a disgusting

view but also affects the overall economy of a country. State has to spend a lot of money
to counter the effects of improper waste management. Moreover, animals depended on
the environment also face a great threat due to the oil spills and leaching of chemicals
which directly cause soil and water contamination. Burning of any disposed waste and
plastic materials results in air and environmental pollution.
Though we all are familiar with common

methods of waste management like landfills,
incineration, recycling, biological processing or energy
conservation; we find ourselves living in a world filled
with waste. Renewable energy and recycling took us to
newer heights, but the adverse effects of improper
waste management continue to plague us.
Some of the catastrophic effects of today’s poor waste

management systems are listed below:
1. Waste Management & Soil Contamination
Ideally, we would like our plastic, glass, metal, and paper waste to end up
at a recycling facility. It then returns to us as a renewable product. But the reality
is entirely different. Have a look at the informative image below.
For example, here’s what happens when a plastic water bottle is

incorrectly sent to a landfill, or left, at any other place, to be absorbed by the soil.

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 Plastic water bottles eventually break down to release a harmful
component called, DIETHYLHYDROXYLAMINE (DEHA). (A
carcinogen which hurts our reproductive capabilities, causes liver
dysfunction and weight loss issues.)
 DEHA seeps into the surrounding areas of the soil and water bodies to
harm the animal and plant life depends in it.
2. Water Contamination via Improper Wastes
Water is an excellent solvent; it can contain numerous dissolved

chemicals. As a result, while moving through, water picks up pollution along the
way. It often has dissolved substances like various chemicals and gases.
Rainfall easily mixes to toxic

liquid substances and seeps into the
water streams to end up in nearby
water bodies. Thus, the
neighbourhood fountain, pond, lake
or even drinking water taps are
susceptible to the dangers of
contamination.
The victims? All living

organisms including us, humans.
3. Extreme Weather Caused by Climate Change
Firstly, harmful greenhouse gases are created from decomposing waste.

These rise up to the atmosphere and trap heat. This adversely causes extreme
weather reactions in the form of storms and typhoons.
How else are we impacted?

Well, apart from the temperature what
is also drastically affected is the level
of precipitation in the air. From acid
rain to severe hail storms or global
warming – everything is fair game at
present. This also spreads out into
other areas with regards to
subdivisions such as thermal and
radioactive pollution.

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4. Air Contamination
A lot of it leaves us feeling hopeless for we feel unable to make necessary

changes. We think we cannot consume any less. Even so, we can, at least, follow
strict protocol over how it’s recycled.
On the occasions paper and plastic are burned at the landfill, causing
landfill gas, the chemicals released which accumulate and contribute to the
ozone layer and also hurt the
surrounding human
population. Methane gas adds
to it as well. Besides, with
chemicals such as dioxin out
there, the air has been proven
to have harmful effects on us.
All of it, and especially when
improper waste management
is concerned, play a significant
role in causing global
warming.
5. Harm Towards Animal and Marine Life
Despite strict measures to stop it, the dumping of garbage, raw or

untreated sewage continues. Any animal or marine life coming in contact gets
impacted in the worst of ways. The inevitable formation of algal bloom and
clusters contaminates and eventually suffocates marine life such as coral and
fish.
According to Conservation International, consumption of fishing lines,
cigarette butts, plastic bottles and Styrofoam can kill millions of marine lives each
year. Furthermore, it is a vicious cycle which feeds itself.
Waste is dumped into the

ground, then absorbed by the soil and
groundwater. Waste contaminates the
land on which we grow food and
provides water for us and animals.
Waste in the marine life kills fish.
Carcasses float on the surface, and we
see mosquitoes feed on it. The diseases
carrying mosquitoes now spread
sickness and death among the living
population.

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6. Human Damage
Consider the majority of the human population where we do not see any
scientific waste management system. Such places may possess a system, but
there is no disposal area to be found. Those who are at significant risk are:
 Children and those who live near such facilities

 Waste disposal workers
 Employees whose workplaces manufacture or come into contact
with waste materials
Think about the fires at landfills and its effects on us. Whether coming
from the air or its accumulation in our cellars, those landfill gases have been
exposed for causing cancer, create respiratory and visibility problems, and the
explosion of cans put people nearby at constant risk.
Additionally, when we come in contact with waste, it causes skin irritation

and blood infections. We also contract diseases from flies which are carriers of
illnesses after breeding on solid waste. With regards to mosquitoes, we know,
besides feeding on dead fish, they find sewage, rainwater, tires, cans, and other
objects to be ideal breeding grounds. They carry and spread diseases such as
malaria and dengue.
With an abundance of disease-carrying pests, it becomes difficult to be

vigilant about waste management facilities. They harm crops, spread diseases
such as Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome, Leptospirosis, Rat-bite Fever and
Salmonellosis.
Waste management is our responsibility for we benefit and suffer from

radical ways. Education and awareness across all communities, irrespective of
their social, economic condition, must be ever-present for as long as life inhabits
this planet.
References:
https://krel.pk/2022/04/25/6-negative-effects-of-improper-waste-management/

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Self-Check 1.4-3
Hazards Associated with Improper Waste Disposal
A. Enumerate the 6 Negative Effects of Improper Waste Management

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ANSWER KEY 1.4-3
Hazards Associated with Improper Waste Disposal
1. Human Damage
2. Harm Towards Animal and Marine Life
3. How The Air is Contaminated
4. Severe Weather Due to Climate Contamination
5. Water Contamination via Improper Wastes
6. Waste Management & Soil Contamination

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Common 1 Apply Appropriate Sealant or Adhesive

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WEST TRADE TRAINING AND ASSESSMENT CENTER

Funda-Dalipe, San Jose, Antique

COMPETENCY BASED LEARNING MATERIALS

Qualification Title: DRIVING (LIGHT VEHICLE) NC II

Unit of Competency: APPLY APPROPRIATE SEALANT/ADHESIVE

Module Title: APPLYING APPROPRIATE SEALANT/ADHESIVE

Sector: AUTOMOTIVE AND LAND TRANSPORT SECTOR

Date Developed: Document No.

Welcome to the Module “Applying Appropriate Sealant/Adhesive”. This

The unit of competency “Apply Appropriate Sealant/Adhesive” contains the

You are required to go through a series of learning activities in order to complete

Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL)

 Been working in the industry for some time.

Date Developed: Document No.

A certificate of achievement will be awarded to you after passing the

Date Developed: Document No.

No. Unit of Competency Module Title Code

Date Developed: Document No.

UNIT OF COMPETENCY : Apply Appropriate Sealant/Adhesive

MODULE TITLE : Applying Appropriate Sealant/Adhesive

MODULE DESCRIPTION : This module covers the selection and application of

NOMINAL DURATION : 4 Hrs.

SUMMARY OF LEARNING OUTCOMES:

Upon completion of this module the student/trainees must be able to:

LO1. Identify appropriate Sealant/adhesive

1. Sealant/adhesive selected in line with job requirements and manufacturer’s

Date Developed: Document No.

LO1. IDENTIFY APPROPRIATE SEALANT/ADHESIVE

1. Sealant/adhesive selected in line with job requirements and manufacturer’s

 Use of Sealant and Adhesive

The students/ trainees must be provided with the following:

Date Developed: Document No.

Learning Outcome 1- Identify Appropriate Sealant/Adhesive

You must answer all questions

Answer Self-Check 1.2-1 Compare answers with the answer key

You must answer all questions

Date Developed: Document No.

USE OF SEALANTS AND ADHESIVES

Adhesives and Sealants

Although sealants and adhesive share many

a. Sealant is typically a viscous material that

Sealant and Adhesive Functions

Date Developed: Document No.

Common Adhesive Additives

In many adhesives, catalysts are added to enable polymerization and

Date Developed: Document No.

b. Plasticizers, which typically increase the flexibility and workability of an

c. Fillers, additives that enhance material properties, are commonly used in

Common Sealant Additives

Sealants commonly require stabilizers, and as with adhesives the

Date Developed: Document No.

USE OF SEALANTS AND ADHESIVES

Direction: Fill in the blanks.

1. ___________________ are frequently added to adhesives, and include dyes

2. _____________________ is typically a viscous material that becomes solid

3. _____________________ increases the flexibility and workability of an

4. _____________________ requires the application of a set temperature to cure

5. _____________________ are additives that enhance material properties.

Date Developed: Document No.

USE OF SEALANTS AND ADHESIVES

Date Developed: Document No.

TYPES AND CLASSIFICATION OF SEALANT AND ADHESIVES

Quick-drying contact adhesive is designed