The wonderful solvent – water

Purification method of water Water after treatment Left substances

 Sedimentation  Muddy water  Sediment
 Filtration  Filtrate  Residue
 Distillation  Distillate  ________________

Types of impurities Further treatment of water Water cycle

 Soluble impurities  Chlorination 1. Evaporation
 Insoluble impurities  Ozone 2. Condensation
 Micro-organisms  Ultraviolet Light 3. Cloud formation
 Fluoridation 4. Raining

The rate of evaporation is fast if Causes of water pollution

 The air is moving 1. Domestic waste
 The exposed surface area is large 2. Agricultural waste
 The temperature is high 3. Industrial waste
 The humidity is low 4. Oil spills
5. Rubbish

Ways to control water pollution A solid dissolves faster with

 Laws  Higher temperature of the solvent
 Sewage treatment  Smaller size of the solute pieces
 Chemical waste treatment  stirring
 Education

1. A solute dissolves in a solvent to form a solution

2. Substances that dissolve in water are described as soluble in water
3. Substances that do not dissolve in water are described as in soluble in water

Crystal can be formed by

 Cooling a hot saturated solution
 Evaporating water from a saturated solution
*Crystallisation is the process of forming crystals from a saturated solution.

Other types of solvent

Thinner
Alcohol
Nail varnish remover
Dry-clean liquid