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 𝑬𝑱𝑬𝑴𝑷𝑳𝑶 𝟏

𝐿𝑛

𝜕𝑓 𝜕𝑓
𝑽𝑬𝑪𝑻𝑶𝑹 𝑮𝑹𝑨𝑫𝑰𝑬𝑵𝑻𝑬 ∇𝑓 𝑥, 𝑦 = ,
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦

𝑽𝑬𝑪𝑻𝑶𝑹 𝑮𝑹𝑨𝑫𝑰𝑬𝑵𝑻𝑬 𝑬𝑵 𝑬𝑳 𝑷𝑼𝑵𝑻𝑶 𝟏, 𝟐

𝑽𝑬𝑪𝑻𝑶𝑹 𝑼𝑵𝑰𝑻𝑨𝑹𝑰𝑶 𝒆𝒏 𝒍𝒂 𝒄𝒖𝒓𝒗𝒂 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟒𝒙

𝒕𝟐
𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑧𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠: 𝒚 = 𝒕 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝒙 =
𝟒
𝒕𝟐
𝑠𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑦𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑒𝑙 𝑝𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜 1, 2 𝟐=𝒕 𝑦 𝟏=
𝟒
𝒕𝟐
𝑒𝑙 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑒𝑟á: 𝑟 𝑡 = , 𝒕
𝟒
𝒅𝒓 𝟐𝒕 𝒕
𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑒𝑙 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟: = , 1 = , 1
𝒅𝒕 𝟒 𝟐
𝒅𝒓 𝟐
𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑙𝑎 𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑑𝑎 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑡 = 2: = , 1
𝒅𝒕 𝒕=𝟐 𝟐

𝒅𝒓
= 1, 1
𝒅𝒕 𝒕=𝟐
 𝑽𝑬𝑪𝑻𝑶𝑹 𝑼𝑵𝑰𝑻𝑨𝑹𝑰𝑶 𝒆𝒏 𝒍𝒂 𝒄𝒖𝒓𝒗𝒂 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟒𝒙

𝑫𝑬𝑹𝑰𝑽𝑨𝑫𝑨 𝑫𝑰𝑹𝑬𝑪𝑪𝑰𝑶𝑵𝑨𝑳 𝑫𝑬 𝑳𝑨 𝑭𝑼𝑵𝑪𝑰Ó𝑵

𝑫𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒗𝒂𝒅𝒂 𝑫𝒊𝒓𝒆𝒄𝒄𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒂𝒍 = (𝑽𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓 𝑮𝒓𝒂𝒅𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒆). (𝒗𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒐)

2 4 1 1
𝐷𝑢ෝ 𝑓 = , . ,
5 5 2 2
2 4 6
𝟑
𝐷𝑢ෝ 𝑓 = + = = 𝟐
5 2 5 2 5 2 𝟓
 𝑬𝑱𝑬𝑴𝑷𝑳𝑶 𝟐

𝑽𝑬𝑪𝑻𝑶𝑹 𝑼𝑵𝑰𝑻𝑨𝑹𝑰𝑶
𝑽𝑬𝑪𝑻𝑶𝑹 𝑮𝑹𝑨𝑫𝑰𝑬𝑵𝑻𝑬

𝑽𝑬𝑪𝑻𝑶𝑹 𝑮𝑹𝑨𝑫𝑰𝑬𝑵𝑻𝑬 𝑬𝑵 𝑬𝑳 𝑷𝑼𝑵𝑻𝑶 𝟏, 𝟎

𝑫𝑬𝑹𝑰𝑽𝑨𝑫𝑨 𝑫𝑰𝑹𝑬𝑪𝑪𝑰𝑶𝑵𝑨𝑳 𝑫𝑬 𝑳𝑨 𝑭𝑼𝑵𝑪𝑰Ó𝑵

𝑫𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒗𝒂𝒅𝒂 𝑫𝒊𝒓𝒆𝒄𝒄𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒂𝒍 = (𝑽𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓 𝑮𝒓𝒂𝒅𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒆). (𝒗𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒐)
1 1
𝐷𝑢ෝ 𝑓 = 3, −1 . − ,
2 2
3 1 4
𝐷𝑢ෝ 𝑓 = − − =− = −𝟐 𝟐
2 2 2
 𝑬𝑱𝑬𝑴𝑷𝑳𝑶 𝟑

𝐸𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑓 𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑒𝑛 𝑒𝑙 𝑝𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜 (1, 1)

𝟏° 𝑽𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓 𝑼𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒐 𝒅𝒆 𝒗
𝟏 𝟐 𝟏 𝟐
𝒖𝒗 = , 𝒖𝒗 = ,
𝟏𝟐 + 𝟐𝟐 𝟏𝟐 + 𝟐𝟐 𝟓 𝟓

𝟐° 𝑬𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒂𝒄𝒊ó𝒏 𝒅𝒆 𝒍𝒂 𝒇𝒖𝒏𝒄𝒊ó𝒏 𝒆𝒏 𝒆𝒍 𝒑𝒖𝒏𝒕𝒐 𝑷: 𝑪(𝑷)

𝑓 1, 1 = 12 . 1 = 1

𝟑° 𝑬𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒂𝒄𝒊ó𝒏 𝒅𝒆 𝒍𝒂 𝒇𝒖𝒏𝒄𝒊ó𝒏 𝒆𝒏 𝒆𝒍 𝒑𝒖𝒏𝒕𝒐 𝑷 + 𝒕𝒖𝒗 : 𝑪(𝑷 + 𝒕𝒖𝒗 )

𝟏 𝟐 𝒕 𝟐𝒕
𝑷 + 𝒕𝒖𝒗 = 𝟏, 𝟏 + 𝒕 , = 𝟏, 𝟏 + ,
𝟓 𝟓 𝟓 𝟓

𝒕 𝟐𝒕
𝑷 + 𝒕𝒖𝒗 = 𝟏 + , 𝟏+
𝟓 𝟓
 𝟐
𝒕 𝟐𝒕 𝒕 𝟐𝒕
𝑓 𝑷 + 𝒕𝒖𝒗 = 𝑓 𝟏 + , 𝟏+ = 𝟏+ 𝟏+
𝟓 𝟓 𝟓 𝟓

𝟒° 𝑫𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒗𝒂𝒅𝒂 𝑫𝒊𝒓𝒆𝒄𝒄𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒂𝒍 𝒅𝒆 𝒍𝒂 𝒇𝒖𝒏𝒄𝒊ó𝒏 𝒆𝒏 𝒆𝒍 𝒑𝒖𝒏𝒕𝒐 𝑷

𝑪 𝑷 + 𝒕𝒖𝒗 − 𝑪 𝑷
𝑫𝒗 (𝑷) = lim
𝒕→𝟎 𝒕
𝟐
𝒕 𝟐𝒕
𝟏+ 𝟏+ −𝟏
𝟓 𝟓
𝑫𝒗 (𝑷) = lim
𝒕→𝟎 𝒕

𝟒𝒕 𝟐 𝟐𝒕𝟑
𝟏+ +𝒕 + −𝟏
𝟓 𝟓 𝟓
𝑫𝒗 (𝑷) = lim
𝒕→𝟎 𝒕

𝟒 𝟐𝒕𝟐
𝑫𝒗 (𝑷) = lim +𝒕+
𝒕→𝟎 𝟓 𝟓 𝟓
 𝟒 𝟐. (𝟎)
𝑫𝒗 𝑷 = +𝟎+
𝟓 𝟓 𝟓

𝟒
𝑫𝒗 𝑷 =
𝟓