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© Fern Gorin and The Life Purpose Institute 1994-2022 (ver 06.22) Skills Used All The Time F - 1
Learning Objectives
Powerful Questioning
Designing Actions
Establishing Accountability
Acknowledgment
2 - F Skills Used All The Time © Fern Gorin and The Life Purpose Institute 1994-2022 (ver 06.22)
How to Work With the Coaching Skills
The chart below indicates which of the Coaching Skills you might use, depending on what
TECHNIQUE DESCRIPTION
Coaching Skills
1. Creating a Sacred Getting present for your session and creating a safe
3. Listening Actively client has said or not said and, at appropriate times,
the session
8. Acknowledgment feedback about what they do, who they are, and
© Fern Gorin and The Life Purpose Institute 1994-2022 (ver 06.22) Skills Used All The Time F - 3
COACHING SKILLS USED IN EVERY SESSION
The ideal coach uses all the skills in this chapter to effectively coach a client on an
While it is the coach’s job to follow where the client leads, the skills are presented in
safety and trust, so that the client feels safe to open to you.
meditating.
Preparing the environment. Making sure there are no distractions that would
interfere with your session: turning off your phone and letting the people in your
Getting ready for the session by reviewing client notes, getting yourself water,
paper, etc., and being there on time when the client shows up or calls.
your spiritual connection throughout the session. You are holding that " spiritual
Making sure the client has limited their distractions during their coaching session.
professionally (at least from the waist up!), with a neat background or nice image
behind you. If you’re meeting in person, you need to meet in an environment that
4 - F Skills Used All The Time © Fern Gorin and The Life Purpose Institute 1994-2022 (ver 06.22)
Assisting the client to become fully present and centered by breathing, centering,
their mind, you can give them a few minutes to “clear” before you begin
coaching.
spiritually connected.
At the beginning of the session ask your client what their intention is for the session.
Close your eyes and take a few nice deep breaths. See light going from head to toe,
releasing any tension or distraction. You might have had a busy day and for right now
let that go and give yourself the gift of the present moment. Allow yourself to
Allow yourself now to feel the presence of (God or their name) all around you,
encircling you and supporting you. Dear (God or their name), we ask that (your
client’s name) you bless this session and (the client’s intention).
We know that you are with (the client’s name) and are there to guide, and support
Thank you dear (their name for God) for (the client’s intention). We release this and
let this go knowing the highest and best is occurring now. And so it is. Amen
It is your responsibility to determine what the client wants to accomplish during the
A remaining topic that came up in the Discovery Session that hasn’t been
A new issue in their life that came up since the last session.
f the client isn’t sure what to work on, you might feedback what you heard them say
© Fern Gorin and The Life Purpose Institute 1994-2022 (ver 06.22) Skills Used All The Time F - 5
I previously in your coaching sessions (on the List of Topics to Be Coached On) and
then ask:
Would you like to be coached on one of these issues or something else today?
Example: I heard you previously mention (in a past session) that you want to lose 10
pounds. You also mentioned improving communication with your husband, as well as
reducing the stress at your job. Would you like to be coached on one of these issues
Apply TOM
Using the information the client gave you, ask specific questions like:
O = Establish the Desired Outcome for the issue during the session
Help the client determine their Desired Outcome for the topic. The outcome is
You may have heard a number of issues the client said. Feedback all the issues you
heard the client say, and then ask one or more of the following questions:
6 - F Skills Used All The Time © Fern Gorin and The Life Purpose Institute 1994-2022 (ver 06.22)
What specifically would you like to achieve by the end of the session?
Where would you like to be with ________ by the end of the session?
How will you know you’ve made progress with this issue today?
A Plan
A Decision
A Number
A Plan: I will leave with a plan for keeping my life in balance this week.
A Decision: I will decide whether to stay in my current job or start looking for
another one.
A Number: I will leave with 3 steps I can take for organizing my house.
Move up or down the scale: I will raise my confidence about trying out for the
local theatre production from a 3 to a 7. I will feel less stressed by the end of the
session from an 8 to a 2.
Note: Use a scale only if the issue is intangible and there is no other way to measure
it. In the example just above, you might coach this client on preparing for their
In a full coaching session, you’ll repeat TOM for each topic the client wants to be
coached on.
Verify the Desired Outcome and Measure of Success (these may be the same).
What I heard you say is that by the end of today, you will ...
Ask your first question using a word from the coaching outcome.
Example: When you say a plan, what comes to mind? What thoughts have you had
about this decision? When you say you want to raise your spiritual connection to an 8,
For today, we’re just practicing TOM. If you have additional time, continue reversing
T – Topic
What would you like to be coached on today? Or...
Using the information the client gave you, ask specific questions to get additional
background information.
What specifically would you like to achieve by the end of the session?
Where would you like to be with _____ by the end of the session?
How will you know you’ve made progress with this issue today?
A Plan
A Decision
A Number
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3. Listening Actively
Listening is such a simple act. It requires us to be present, and that takes practice,
but we don't have to do anything else. We don't have to advise, or coach, or sound
wise. We just have to be willing to sit there and listen. - Margaret J. Wheatley
Listening Actively is about being present and fully listening without an agenda,
You are there for your client as they share their fears, hopes, and obstacles that are
in their way. Listening Actively creates a safe space for your client. Often, just being
listening to and having the client's feelings reflected or repeated back to them will
Listening for what the client says and what they’re not saying
Listening for a deeper understanding of the client, including who they are, their
values and beliefs, the context of their experiences, and how they’re responding
We discussed and practiced Listening Actively earlier in the training. When you
feedback what the client has said, we will from this point forward refer to that as
It’s useful, at significant points during coaching, to “playback” what the client said,
using their words. You can preface your statement with, “What I hear you saying is …”
“What I heard you saying is that the work you once loved has become a chore for
“I’m hearing that you’re giving too much to other people and you need time for
yourself.”
The value of this is to help you and/or the client be clear on what the client said.
Clients often say a lot, then forget what they said. It’s helpful to playback the key
“It sounds like you’re feeling frustrated.” (You don’t want to say, “You’re feeling
Mirroring the client’s feelings validates them, allows them to feel heard, and gives
them an opportunity to explore those feelings more deeply and see where there may
“I can see why you’re feeling so lost, given that you’ve been a mom for 25 years
Note: This is not a time to share your story, if you’ve had a similar experience.
Stay focused on the client.
Restating the client’s thoughts or feelings so they can hear them clearly
When an issue is complex, repeating back the key points so the client can
At the end, summarizing the complete session and what was discussed from
beginning to end, including any new insights. (Alternatively, you can have the
10 - F Skills Used All The Time © Fern Gorin and The Life Purpose Institute 1994-2022 (ver 06.22)
Listening Actively also includes Listening Without An Agenda.
on your client.
Understand that the client will make progress and accomplish goals at their own
Do not encourage the client to move forward towards a goal that they are not
congruent with.
You also need to be careful that your personal biases don’t taint the coaching
relationship. We all have judgments about people who are different from us. As coaches,
we need to be able to put those aside and treat every client with respect and openness.
4. Powerful Questioning
What are two of your favorite questions that you, your coach or your instructor asked?
To facilitate the coaching conversation, you’ll ask questions that will help your client
arrive at their own answers. You do this by using open-ended “w” questions –
”what,” “how,” “when,” “who” and “where” – that stimulate discussion and help
the client to think more deeply about their issues.
Avoid questions that can be answered with a simple “yes” or “no,” unless you’re
way. Instead of, “Why didn’t you complete your homework?”, ask “What stopped
you from completing your homework this week?” You could also say, “I noticed
you didn’t complete your homework. What prevented you from finishing it?
Some of the most commonly used questions include:
What else would you like to share about _________? (this issue, your concerns)
What else? Anything else would you like to share about this issue?
Use the Magic 3 – ask “What else?” a minimum of 3 times to go deeper, get more
background information and let the client empty out their thoughts and feelings
What’s making this goal (or change) difficult or challenging for you?
I’d like to brainstorm various options with you. There’s no right or wrong. What are
all the options that come to mind? What else? Anything else?
What steps would you like to take before our next session?
I have a suggestion for you. Are you open to hearing it? [If yes, make your
I have an intuition about that. Are you open to hearing it? … Does that fit for you?
Here are some additional sample questions. Make up your own as needed by
clients.
What would you like to say about _____________? (ex: your family, your
What else would you like to share about your current situation?
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What: The most common word used in questions
What bothers you about that?
This can be useful in a business situation, where you might be less likely to
discuss feelings.
How:
How does that affect you?
How might you go about __________? (ex: researching that career, finding a
If you ____________, how will that work for you? (ex: have to work long hours
If you make that choice, how will you feel about it?
Who:
Who might you talk to about this issue?
Where:
Where could you research to get more information about this issue?
Where can you _______? (ex: find a quiet place to work, go running to get
exercise)
What would God have you do in this situation? What would God have you say in this
situation?
When have you used spirituality to help you with life challenges in the past?
How can you apply your spirituality in a similar way for this situation?
On a scale of 1 to 10, how spiritually connected do you feel right now? What’s in the
way of a 10? What could you do in this moment to get more spiritually connected?
What in you would have to change to be more open to God’s (love, compassion,
Let’s suppose God presented this situation in your life to help you learn and grow.
What do you think God is trying to teach you through this experience?
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How could you view this from a physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual
perspective?
In what ways did you care for your soul in this past year?
Is this something you want to do on your own, or are you seeking a spiritual
community?
Imagine that God wants you to heal/understand this issue today. What are you
What is God saying to you to help you move through this challenge?
If you looked at this from a spiritual perspective, how would you view it?
Let’s look at this from a physical, emotional, practical, and spiritual perspective. How
The philosophy of coaching is that clients have the answers they need inside them,
but they may not have immediate access to those answers. In that case, you can
have them formulate an Inquiry question that they can work with in the following
ways:
Have the client write the question on sticky notes and put them on their mirror, in
their car, or on their computer and look at them throughout the day, letting the
Present your ideas in a way that doesn’t make your client feel obligated to accept
I have a suggestion for you. Are you open to hearing it? [If yes, make your
I have an intuition about that. Are you open to hearing it?… Does that fit for you?
people are most excited and empowered when they come up with their own ideas.
Ask creative open-ended questions to stimulate new ways of thinking within the
Resist offering any suggestions until the client has emptied out their ideas.
If they’re happy with their ideas, DO NOT impose your opinions on them.
Under no circumstances let the client coerce you into choosing a course of
action for them. This can backfire, as they will then blame you if it doesn’t work
out.
“Here’s the deal. The human soul doesn’t want to be advised or fixed or saved. It
When we make that kind of deep bow to the soul of a suffering person, our respect
reinforces the soul’s healing resources, the only resources that can help the sufferer
make it through.” – Parker J. Palmer, “The Gift of Presence, the Perils of Advice”
We all have a lot of wisdom and life experience, and it’s tempting to give our clients
solutions to “fix” their issues. A typical way to “fix” a problem is by giving advice and
telling someone what they should do. Coaching, instead, is about empowering others
to come up with their own answers and discover their own solutions. That way, we
don’t create a dependence, and people are more likely to follow through on their
own ideas.
Here’s an example of how a Fixer and a Coach might approach the same issue:
16 - F Skills Used All The Time © Fern Gorin and The Life Purpose Institute 1994-2022 (ver 06.22)
Can you see the difference between these two approaches?
When you’re helping someone, it’s natural to try to come up with solutions to the
problem. If you find yourself “in your head” trying to think of solutions to the client’s
issue, shift instead to using open-ended questions to help them find solutions for
There are times when it is appropriate to share your ideas or intuitions with your
client. Begin by asking open-ended questions, and allow the client to empty out their
ideas first. Then, if you have a strong intuition or an additional idea that you feel
would benefit the client, say, “I have a suggestion. Are you open to hearing it?”
Note: Do not offer “advice.” A suggestion adds another idea or possibility that the
client can accept or not. The word “advice” sounds like something coming from an
Recognize that it’s important to see if they’re open to your suggestion before
presenting it. If the client is excited about their own ideas, just make a note of your
After you’ve made your suggestion, always ask, “How does that sound to you? Does
that resonate for you? Does that fit for you? Is that something you’d like to do?” You
want the client to feel that it’s okay to accept your idea or not. If you force a
suggestion that doesn’t work for them, it can undermine your relationship with the
client.
One technique you can use is “Turning the Question Back on the Client.” If the
client wants you to come up with solutions for them, you might say, “I’m happy to
brainstorm ideas with you, but I don’t know about your situation or the resources you
have available. I want to hear your ideas first.” Ninety-five percent of the time, the
Client: I’m confused about how to market my business. What do you think I should do?
Coach: How might you market your business? What options come to mind?
Coach: What are some different ways you might solve this problem? What have you
thought of so far?
6. Designing Actions
During the course of a coaching conversation, simple action steps will naturally
emerge. For example, the client may want to go to the gym 3 times this week or join an
Remember – you do not “assign” action steps. You work with the client to help them
come up with clear, specific steps that they want to take. If they’re stuck, or if a simple
step doesn’t naturally emerge, you’ll work with the client to design action steps that will
You may suggest some possible steps based on the conversation you’ve had around
You mentioned that you want to get back on track with exercising. What step or
You said you wanted to organize your office at home. What would you like to
We spent some time brainstorming how you might ask for a raise. What’s the first
step that you can take this week to move in that direction?
Keep coaching the client until the action steps the client comes up with are specific
e.g., I will take a walk for an hour 4 times this week. I will communicate with my boss
18 - F Skills Used All The Time © Fern Gorin and The Life Purpose Institute 1994-2022 (ver 06.22)
For many clients, it will be helpful to establish a clear time frame for their action steps.
Have them take out their calendar and block off time to accomplish each step. Without
this, the time can get away from them and the task will not get done, despite good
intentions.
Where do you want to put it in your schedule? Would you like to put that in your
It’s also helpful to determine if the action steps are doable and realistic. You can ask
questions such as:
Given all you have going on in your life, how realistic are these action steps?
Make sure that each action step is not just something that they think they should do, but
something that their heart is into and that they really want to do. Take notice of their
tone, energy and behavioral cues to see is they are truly committed.
7. Establishing Accountability
For many clients, holding themselves accountable for following through with what they
Review with your client what they’re committed to doing before the next session. In
addition to the questions you asked when Designing Actions with the client, here are
Make a note of the steps that the client agreed to take to use in following up with them
they agreed to do, acknowledge them and what they accomplished. If needed, coach
them further on this issue and set additional action steps for the coming week.
If they didn’t, then gently remind them what their goals are and/or explore any blocks.
They’re busy (often they’ll say this when it’s really one of the following reasons)
They need to schedule the time to do the task and put it in their calendar
They’re confused about the task; they need to break down the project or design
Reassign for homework those action steps the client still wants to complete, or have
them come up with a more realistic step. In some cases, the client may want to put this
The client says, “It went fine. I went to the gym 3 times.” You say, “Great! I know
that was a stretch for you, and you made it happen! Good for you!”
“I know you wanted to focus on having balance in your life last week. You said you
would schedule one hour or more a day for yourself. Were you able to do that?” The
client says, “No, the kids had so many activities this week, I couldn’t make the time.”
The client reports a list of activities that took up her time. You sense her resistance
to doing things for herself. You might say, “I hear what a busy week it was for you
and how busy your kids are. I’m just sensing that it’s really hard for you to do things
for yourself, and that the kids’ needs always come first. What do you think about
that?” Open up a discussion to explore this and work on any Blocks. Then, ask her
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8. Acknowledgement
In coaching, our focus is very often on helping clients experience personal fulfillment,
feel good about who they are, achieve their goals, and get results in their life.
Acknowledgment is an important human need. When people feel heard, they feel good
about themselves and their achievements. They feel encouraged to take the next steps.
seconds “taking in the good” and focusing on the positive aspect or accomplishment in
order to truly absorb it. When we do so, we actually reprogram the brain for greater
We acknowledge not just what the person did; we also honor who they are, their
feelings, their happiness or unhappiness. Clients are often so focused on what still
needs to be done, or they’re so used to seeing themselves in a negative light, that they
overlook their successes. We mirror back what we observe to help them see themselves
There are at least 5 things to acknowledge and honor about your client:
Example: I want to acknowledge you for going to the gym 3 times this week. Well done!
b. Who they are – their positive qualities, what’s unique and special about them.
Example: You seem like a very warm, caring and positive person.
Example: You’ve overcome so many challenges in your life. You have such inner
strength.
c. What they feel – provide validation, support and acknowledgment of their feelings.
Example: It’s understandable that you’re so overwhelmed right now, given all that’s
going on.
Example: What a powerful insight you had about what’s getting in the way of your
losing weight!
e. Any visual, kinesthetic and auditory cues – how they look, what you hear in their
voice, feelings you’re getting.
Example: I hear such confidence and strength in your voice right now that I’ve never
heard before.
Some of the times during the coaching session that we use acknowledgment are:
At the beginning – acknowledge any steps the client has taken and any
accomplishments they’ve achieved since the last session.
During the session – acknowledge any insights they have, progress they make,
personal qualities that they express, and validate their feelings. If a client shares a
At the end – acknowledge what they’ve accomplished during the session and send
them off with encouragement.
The following pages demonstrate the flow of coaching a client on one issue. This is the
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Flow of a Practice Coaching Session - One Issue
Apply TOM:
O: Establish the Desired Outcome for the issue during the session
Feedback what the client said (including multiple issues), then ask:
What specifically would you like to achieve by the end of the coaching session?
Where would you like to be with ___________ by the end of the session?
How will you know you've made progress with this issue today?
Confirm TOM:
What I heard you say is that by the end of today's session
When you say you want to leave with a plan, what ideas come to mind?
If the client has changed focus, ask, Do you want to focus on “A” (the original focus)
Establish Accountability
Clarify commitments and action steps. Ask:
24 - F Skills Used All The Time © Fern Gorin and The Life Purpose Institute 1994-2022 (ver 06.22)
Flow of a Complete Coaching Session
If not, explore what got in the way, recommit to the action step or design a new one.
Apply Flow of a Practice Coaching Session - One Issue to the first topic
(see pages E-24 - 25)
REQUIRED SKILLS:
APPLYING TOM:
T: Topic
Asks the client pick a topic and
change difficult
O: Outcome
Determines what the client
M: Measure of Success
Has a clear measure for the
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SKILL AREA USED COMMENTS
REQUIRED SKILLS:
leading questions
Midpoint Check: At an
appropriate point, checks in with
desired outcome
Establishing Accountability:
Establishes how the client will
Acknowledgment:
Acknowledges the client in