2024 Persian Gulf floods

In April 2024, heavy rain severely impacted states in

2024 Persian Gulf floods
the Persian Gulf, causing flash flooding across the
region. Several states recorded nearly a year's worth of
rain in a single day. The floods had a significant impact
across the region, with Oman and the United Arab
Emirates being particularly affected,[1] resulting in the
deaths of at least 32 people, including 19 in Oman and
eight in Iran.[2][3] Yemen, Bahrain, Qatar, and the A forecast map of the
Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia also experienced Middle East showing the
Persian Gulf floods as
accumulated 24-hour
heavy rainfall and subsequent flooding. seen in Manama, Bahrain
precipitation (mm)
Cause Mesoscale convective system
Causes Meteorological history
The Persian Gulf region is known for its hot and dry Duration 14 April – present
weather, though heavy rains causing flooding have
Overall effects
also occurred with greater regularity in recent
years.[4][5] Britain's Royal Meteorological Society Fatalities 33 total:
19 (Oman)
stated that the likely cause is a mesoscale convective
8 (Iran)
system.[6] Senior forecaster Esraa Alnaqbi of the
5 (United Arab Emirates)
UAE's National Centre of Meteorology (NCM) further
1 (Yemen)
explained that "a low pressure system in the upper
atmosphere, coupled with low pressure at the surface Missing 3 (Iran)
had acted like a pressure 'squeeze' on the air. That Damage Unknown
squeeze, intensified by the contrast between warmer Areas United Arab Emirates, Oman,
temperatures at ground level and colder temperatures affected Iran, Bahrain, Qatar, Saudi Arabia,
higher up, created the conditions for the powerful Yemen
thunderstorm".[7] Climate scientist Michael Mann at
the University of Pennsylvania stated that three low-pressure systems formed a train of storms which moved
along the jet stream toward the Persian Gulf. The strong low-pressure system delivered multiple rounds of
high winds and heavy rain.[8] Meteorologists from the University of Reading affirmed that the heavy rain
was caused by large thunderstorms.[9]
Richard Allan, professor in climate science at the University of Reading and Friederike Otto, senior lecturer
in climate science at Imperial College London, both linked the unusual weather to climate change,[10][11]
and stated that "rainfall was becoming much heavier around the world as the climate warms".[7] The region
has been hit by heatwaves and cyclones in recent years,[12] and with rising temperatures and humidity
levels, researchers expect an increased risk of flooding in the Persian Gulf.[13]

Impact

Oman
In Oman, at least 19 people were killed due to the
floods.[14] This included 10 schoolchildren and their
driver whose vehicle was washed away by flood
waters in Samad al-Shan on 14 April.[15][16] Rescuers
found the body of a girl in Saham.[17] The hardest hit
region was the Ash Sharqiyah North Governorate
where widespread flooding was reported. Some flights
were cancelled or delayed at Muscat International
Airport.[13]

United Arab Emirates

The rains began in UAE late on 15 April 2024, Satellite false colour composite image of flooding
intensifying on 16 April,[6] and officially concluding in Jebel Ali, Dubai, highlighted in turquoise.
on 17 April. [18] The UAE witnessed record-breaking
rainfall in a 24-hour period, surpassing Emirati
meteorological data since records began in 1949. According to the
National Centre of Meteorology, the highest rainfall was recorded
in the Khatm Al Shakla area in Al Ain, reaching 254.8 mm
(10.03 in) in less than 24 hours.[19] Widespread flooding was
reported in all seven emirates.[20] Ahead of the flooding, an
estimated rainfall of 40 mm (1.6 in), up to 100 mm (3.9 in) was
estimated in some parts of the UAE.[21]

One Emirati citizen, a 70-year-old man, died after his car was swept
away by floods in a wadi in Ras Al Khaimah.[22] Three overseas
Filipino workers also died, two after being trapped inside a vehicle
trapped in flooding,[23] and the third after their vehicle fell into a
sinkhole.[24] A Pakistani man in his 50s drowned after the
municipality tanker he was driving was swept into a wadi.[25]

Landslides were reported in Ras Al Khaimah and Al Ain. Residents

were warned to stay home and avoid driving unless absolutely
necessary.[20] Internet and power outages were widespread as
Flooding in Manama, Bahrain
residents lost water.[26] In the entire country, schools and the private sector were instructed to work the
remainder of the week (excluding Monday) remotely from home.[27][20]

Dubai Metro services were severely impacted, leaving around 200 commuters stranded at several stations
when service was suspended.[28] The next day, the Road and Transit Authority (RTA) carried out
maintenance checks and opened limited service on both lines.[29] Intercity bus service on the Dubai-Abu
Dhabi, Dubai-Sharjah, and Dubai-Ajman routes were suspended.[30] A total of 1,244 flights at Dubai
International Airport were cancelled over a two-day period with 41 others diverted.[31][32] All Flydubai
flights scheduled for departure on 16 April from Dubai were cancelled.[20][33] At the Dubai airport, a total
of 164 mm (6.45 in) of rain fell.[34]

The AFC Asian Champions League semi-final football match between the Emirati Al Ain and the Saudi Al
Hilal football clubs, due to be played in Al Ain, was postponed for a day due to the floods.[35]

More than 100 families living in a multistory tower in Muhaisnah 4 in Dubai were evacuated from the
premises late on April 19 after its structure suffered damages. The torrential rains flooded the basement of
the building. Although water was pumped out, even after five days, there was stagnant water with cars
submerged in the basement.[36]

Five days after the rains, large parts of Sharjah grappled with health concerns from stagnant water
contaminated with sewage.[37] There were reports of individuals falling sick and children vomiting,
prompting the need for urgent medical attention.[38]

Bahrain
Heavy rainfall and thunderstorms occurred on 15 and 16 April that
resulted in widespread flooding, leading to cars being abandoned
on roads.[39] According to the Bahrain meteorological directorate,
an average of 67.6 mm (2.66 in) of rainfall was reported over 48
hours, the second highest rainfall recorded in Bahraini history.[40]
The Bahraini Ministry of Interior issued a public safety warning to
residents to stay at home.[41] The Ministry of Education announced
a closure of schools and higher education institutions as a result of
the floods.[39] Windspeed gusts of 70 km/h were estimated.[42] A
supermarket's ceiling in the town of Sitra collapsed due to the
rain.[43]

Qatar
Heavy rainfall and strong winds were largely confined to the A flooded street in Muharraq, Bahrain
northern parts of the country centered around the towns of Madinat
ash Shamal and Ar-Ruʼays. Scattered showers were reported in
Doha.[44] Schools and public buildings were closed due to the weather, with services shifted online for the
day.[45][44]

Iran
Heavy rain and flash flooding were also reported in southeastern Iran. The provinces of Sistan-Baluchistan,
Hormozgan and Kerman were the worst affected, with eight people killed in Sistan-Baluchistan and three
people reported missing in Kerman province.[3][46][47]

Saudi Arabia
Heavy rainfall was reported in the Eastern Province.[48] Widespread flooding affected the province,
particularly the capital Dammam, resulting in road tunnel closures and the closure of schools.[49]

Kuwait
Kuwait's meteorological agency warned of heavy rainfall and possible thunderstorms on 16 April.[41]

Yemen
Torrential rain and flash flooding occurred in Yemen's Hadhramaut Governorate on 17 April, with one
death reported and widespread damage to property. Heavy rain in the mountains close to the port of
Mukalla raised the possibility of landslides.[50]

Responses
On 17 April, Crown Prince and Prime Minister of Bahrain Salman bin Hamad Al Khalifa announced plans
to assess and compensate residents with rainfall-related damages to their homes.[51] In the leadup to the
heavy rainfall, a nationwide emergency joint task force was set up between the Ministry of Works and the
four municipality councils of Bahrain to coordinate flood relief efforts including the removing of rainwater
from flooded streets and pumping it to Al-Luzi lake.[39]

The Royal Oman Police conducted 152 operations, rescuing 1,630 individuals stranded from flooding
across the country.[52]

United Arab Emirates

On 17 April, UAE President Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan announced plans to assess the damages and
provide support to the impacted families.[53] Moreover, he ordered a study of the country's
infrastructure.[54] On 18 April, Crown Prince of Dubai and Chairman of The Executive Council of Dubai
Hamdan bin Mohammed Al Maktoum held a meeting to prepare for future natural crises.[55] On 21 April,
he ordered early payment of salaries for Dubai government employees.[56] Developers Nakheel, Emaar,
Dubai Holding, Union Properties and Dubai Investments Park started offering free services such as
alternative housing for affected residents.[57]

By 17 April, the National Guard's Search and Rescue Centre had carried out 136 operations involving 71
search and rescues and 65 medical evacuations.[58]

Reactions
The Secretary-General of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC), Hissein Brahim Taha, offered
condolences to flood victims.[59]

Cloud seeding allegations

In the aftermath of the floods, some news outlets quoted specialist meteorologist Ahmed Habib linking the
heavy downpours to the UAE's cloud seeding program.[60] Due to the arid desert climate and high
temperatures, cloud seeding has been used previously in the United Arab Emirates in order to combat water
scarcity.[61]

Dismissing the allegations, Omar Al Yazeedi, the deputy director-general of the UAE's National Centre of
Meteorology (NCM), said the institution "did not conduct any seeding operations during this event".[62]
Other news commentators have also dismissed the link to cloud seeding, stating that the technology
marginally increases rainfall and that the UAE's cloud seeding program is localised to the eastern part of the
country, away from densely populated metropolitan areas; other experts, such as the Royal Meteorological
Society, stated that cloud seeding would only have a minimal effect,[6] with others even stating that the
focus on cloud seeding is "misleading".[63][7]

Scientists from the University of Reading, whose cloud seeding program is used by the UAE, denied that
cloud seeding was to blame for the heavy rainfall, given that the large-scale weather pattern was predicted
in advance and was too large to be influenced by cloud seeding. They added that the effects of cloud
seeding are typically short-lived, lasting for a few hours.[9]

See also
2024 Central Asian floods
2024 United Arab Emirates floods

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