IV

ASSIGNMENT-II

1. Suppose you are performing the photoelectric effect experiment using sodium as the
target metal.You find that with a 300 nm light with light intensity, you have about
1000 electrons being ejected per second. You are making observations of both the
number of electrons being ejected per second and the kinetic energy of these ejected
electrons.
a) What do you observe if you decrease the intensity lower and lower as compared
to the original setup?
b) What do you observe if you change the light radiation over a broad range(from
far IR to far UV)?
c) What can you say about the nature of light from your observation?

2. Light of a wavelength 1900 Å falls on an aluminium surface. In aluminium 5.26 eV

are required to remove an electron. What is the kinetic energy of
a) the fastest emitted photoelectrons?
b) the slowest emitted photoelectrons?
c) What is the stopping potential?
d) What is the cut off wavelength for aluminium?
e) If the intensity of the incident light is 5.0 W/m2 , what is the average number of
photons per unit time per unit area that strike the surface?

3. The maximum wavelength for photoelectric emission in tungsten is 230 nm. What
wavelength of light must be used in order for electrons with a maximum energy of
1.5 eV to be ejected?

4. The stopping potential for photoelectrons emitted from a surface illuminated by

light of wavelength λ = 4910 Å is 0.71 V. When the incident wavelength is changed
the stopping potential is found to be 1.43 V. What is the new wavelength?

5. Electrons are accelerated in the television tubes through potential difference of about
10 kV. Find the highest frequency of the em waves emitted when these electrons
strike the screen of the tube. What kind of waves are these?

6. In a photoelectric experiment in which monochromatic light and a sodium photo-

cathode are used, we find a stopping potential of 1.63 V for λ= 3000 Å and of 0.77
V for λ=4000 Å. From these data determine
a) value for Planck’s constant,
b) the work function of sodium in electron volts,
c) the threshold wavelength for sodium.

7. X rays with λ = 0.84 Å eject photoelectrons from a gold foil. The electrons form
circular paths of radius r in a region of magnetic induction B. Experiment shows
that rB = 3.68 × 10−6 tesla-m. Find (a) the maximum kinetic energy of the pho-
toelectrons and (b) the work done in removing the electron from the gold foil.

8. The distance between adjacent atomic planes in calcite (CaCO3 ) is 0.300 nm. Find
the smallest angle of Bragg scattering for 0.030-nm X-rays.
 9. The smallest angle of Bragg scattering in Potassium chloride is 28.4◦ for 0.30 nm
X- rays. Find the distance between atomic planes in Potassium chloride.

10. A photon whose energy equals the rest energy of the electron undergoes a Compton
collision with an electron. If the electron moves off an angle of 40◦ with the original
photon direction, what is the energy of the scattered photon?

11. Consider an X-ray beam, with λ= 1.25 Å, and also a γ-ray beam from a Cs-137
sample, with λ = 1.37 × 10−2 Å. If the radiation scattered from free electrons is
viewed at 90◦ sample:
a) What is the Compton wavelength shift in each case?
b) What kinetic energy is given to a recoiling electron in each case?

12. A photon of frequency ν is scattered by an electron initially at rest. Verify that the
(2h2 ν 2 /mc2 )
maximum kinetic energy of the recoil electron is KEmax = (1+2hν/mc 2)

13. A positron with a kinetic energy of 2.0 MeV collides with an electron at rest and the
two particles are annihilated. Two photons are produced, one moves in the same
direction as the incoming positron and the other moves in the opposite direction.
Find the energies of the photons.

14. An electron-positron pair at rest annihilate, creating two photons. At what speed
must an observer move along the line of the photons in order that the wavelength
of one photon be twice that of the other?

15. What is the frequency, wavelength and momentum of a photon whose energy equals
the rest mass energy of an electron.

16. Through what angle must a 0.20 MeV photon be scattered by a free electron so that
it looses 10% of its energy.

17. Show that a photon cannot transfer its full energy to a free electron during collision.