R.A.

N Public School, Rudrapur

Model United Nations 4.0
20th-21st April 2024

DELEGATE
HANDBOOK
 R.A.N Public School, Rudrapur
Model United Nations 4.0
20th-21st April 2024
INDEX
• BACKGROUND OF THE UNITED NATIONS 4
• ORGANS OF THE UNITED NATIONS 6
• THE UN CHARTER 9
• Aim of the UN Charter 11
• WHAT IS MODEL UNITED NATIONS? 12
• WHO IS A DELEGATE? 13
• WHAT IS AN AGENDA? 14
• WHAT IS A COMMITTEE? 15
• COMMITTEE PROCEEDINGS 16
• The Roll Call 16
• The General Speaker’s List (GSL) 17
• Elements of a GSL 18
 R.A.N Public School, Rudrapur
Model United Nations 4.0
20th-21st April 2024

INDEX
• Yields (GSL) 19
• Moderated Caucus 20
• Unmoderated Caucus 21
• Documentations 22
• POINTS IN AN MUN 23
• CHITS IN AN MUN 24
• POSITION PAPER 26
• Elements of a Position Paper 27
• SAMPLE POSITION PAPER 28
• DRAFT RESOLUTION 29
• SAMPLE DRAFT RESOLUTION
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 R.A.N Public School, Rudrapur
Model United Nations 4.0
20th-21st April 2024

INDEX
• PRE-AMBULATORY AND OPERATIVE CLAUSES 31
• GENERAL RULES: 33
• Dress Code 33
• Decorum 33
• Language 33
• Agenda 34
• Plagiarism Policy 34
• Internet access 34
BACKGROUND OF THE UNITED
NATIONS
The United Nations (UN) was established in 1945, following the end of World War II, with the
primary goal of preventing future wars and promoting international peace and cooperation. The
idea for the UN was first proposed by the United States, Great Britain, and the Soviet Union in 1941
during the war. The three countries came together to form the "Declaration by United Nations,"
which committed them to fight against the Axis powers.

The UN was founded with the belief that international cooperation and dialogue are crucial to
preventing conflicts and promoting global stability. The UN Charter was signed on June 26, 1945,
by representatives of 50 countries, and it entered into force on October 24 of the same year.

The UN has six principal organs: the General Assembly, the Security Council, the International
Court of Justice, the Economic and Social Council, the Secretariat, and the Trusteeship Council
(which has since been suspended). Each of these organs has a specific role in promoting the UN's
goals and objectives.

Since its founding, the UN has played a critical role in promoting human rights, providing
humanitarian aid, and advancing sustainable development around the world.

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BACKGROUND OF THE UNITED
NATIONS
The organization has also helped to mediate conflicts, promote disarmament, and provide a
forum for countries to discuss and address global issues.

Today, the UN has 193 member states and is headquartered in New York City, USA. The
organization continues to play a vital role in promoting peace and cooperation among nations,
as well as addressing the complex global challenges facing the world today.

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ORGANS OF THE UNITED
NATIONS

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ORGANS OF THE UNITED NATIONS
• GENERAL ASSEMBLY: The General Assembly is the main deliberative body of the
United Nations, composed of all 193 member states. It is responsible for setting the
organization's policies and goals, and for discussing and addressing issues related to
international peace, security, and cooperation.

• SECURITY COUNCIL: The Security Council is responsible for maintaining

international peace and security. It is composed of 15 member states, including five
permanent members (the United States, Russia, China, France, and the United
Kingdom) with veto power over decisions made by the Council.

• INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE: The International Court of Justice is the

principal judicial body of the United Nations. It is responsible for settling legal
disputes between states and for issuing advisory opinions on legal questions
referred to it by the General Assembly, Security Council, or other UN bodies.

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ORGANS OF THE UNITED NATIONS
• ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COUNCIL: The Economic and Social Council is
responsible for promoting economic and social development. It is composed of 54
member states elected for three-year terms.

• SECRETARIAT: The Secretariat is the administrative arm of the United Nations,

headed by the Secretary-General. It is responsible for carrying out the
organization's day-to-day work.

• TRUSTEESHIP COUNCIL: Originally responsible for overseeing the

administration of trust territories, the Trusteeship Council has since suspended
its operations as all trust territories have gained independence.

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 THE UN CHARTER
The United Nations Charter is a founding document of the United Nations (UN), a global
organization established in 1945 after the end of World War II. The charter outlines the
purposes, principles, and structure of the UN, and serves as the organization's
fundamental and guiding framework.

The Charter begins by declaring the UN's primary goal: to maintain international peace
and security, achieve international cooperation in solving economic, social, cultural, and
humanitarian problems, and promote respect for human rights and fundamental
freedoms for all people without distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion.

The Charter also outlines the structure and functions of the UN. The organization has six
principal organs: the General Assembly, the Security Council, the International Court of
Justice, the Secretariat, the Economic and Social Council, and the Trusteeship Council.
Each organ has specific roles and responsibilities, such as making recommendations to
member states, maintaining international peace and security, settling legal disputes, and
promoting international economic and social cooperation.

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 THE UN CHARTER
The One of the key principles of the UN Charter is the concept of collective security.
The Security Council has the responsibility to determine threats to peace and
security and to take action to address them. This can include imposing sanctions,
authorizing the use of force, and establishing peacekeeping operations.

Another important principle is the respect for the sovereignty of member states. The
UN Charter recognizes that each member state has the right to self-defense, and that
military force should only be used as a last resort.

Overall, the UN Charter is a foundational document that sets out the principles, goals,
and structure of the United Nations. It has played a critical role in shaping the
international system and promoting cooperation and peace among nations.

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 AIM OF THE UN CHARTER

1.Promoting respect for human rights.

2.Promoting social and economic progress.
3.Providing a forum for international cooperation.
4.Developing friendly relations among nations
5.Maintaining international peace and security.

Overall, the UN Charter aims to promote international

cooperation, respect for human rights, and peaceful resolution of
conflicts, in order to create a more just and prosperous world for
all people.

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WHAT IS MODEL UNITED NATIONS?
Model United Nations (MUN) is an educational simulation in which students role-play
delegates to the United Nations, simulating UN committees and other multilateral bodies.
Participants research and represent a country or organization in a simulation of UN
debates, negotiations, and resolutions. The purpose of MUN is to provide a platform for
students to develop skills in diplomacy, public speaking, research, and critical thinking,
while also learning about global issues and the workings of the UN system.

During MUN conferences, students engage in debate, lobbying, and negotiation with other
delegates to advance their country's interests while also seeking to find solutions to global
problems. Participants must research and understand their country's position on a range
of issues, from climate change to human rights to international trade. MUN encourages
students to engage in collaborative problem-solving and to consider diverse perspectives
and opinions. MUN has become a popular educational activity in many countries, and
there are numerous international conferences where students can participate and learn
from each other.

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 WHO IS A DELEGATE?
A delegate is a participant who represents a country or an organization in a simulated
United Nations setting. They are assigned a country or an organization to represent and
are responsible for researching their assigned country's policies, views, and interests.

Delegates participate in a variety of activities during an MUN conference, including

committee sessions, general assemblies, and caucuses. They engage in debates and
negotiations with other delegates in their committee to find solutions to global issues,
such as climate change, human rights, and international security.

To be a successful delegate in an MUN conference, one must have strong research and
communication skills, as well as a thorough understanding of international relations
and global issues. Delegates must be able to think critically and creatively, and must be
willing to collaborate with others to find common ground and reach a consensus.
Through the MUN experience, delegates gain a greater understanding of the
complexities of international diplomacy and learn valuable skills that can be applied to
their academic and professional lives.

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 WHAT IS AN AGENDA?
In a Model United Nations conference, an agenda is a topic or issue that the committee will
be discussing and debating during the conference. The agenda is typically developed by
the conference organizers and is shared with the participants before the conference
begins.

The agenda serves as a roadmap for the committee's discussions and provides structure
and direction to the conference. Each topic on the agenda is usually assigned to a specific
committee, and delegates are expected to research and prepare positions on each topic
before the conference begins.

The agenda is typically divided into sessions, with each session focusing on a specific topic.
During each session, delegates will have the opportunity to deliver speeches, participate in
moderated and unmoderated caucuses, and propose solutions to the issues at hand.

The agenda is an essential component of the MUN conference as it ensures that

discussions and debates are focused and productive. It also provides a platform for
delegates to engage with global issues, develop their research and communication skills,
and learn about the complexities of international diplomacy.

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 WHAT IS A COMMITTEE?
In a Model United Nations, a committee is a group of delegates who are responsible for
discussing and debating specific topics related to global issues. Each committee is assigned a
specific topic or issue to address (the agenda), such as human rights, climate change, or
international security.

Committees are typically modeled after United Nations bodies, such as the General Assembly,
Security Council, or specialized agencies like the World Health Organization. During the
conference, delegates in a committee engage in formal debates, deliver speeches, propose
solutions to the issues at hand, and work collaboratively to draft and pass resolutions.

Committees are chaired by experienced MUN participants who are responsible for ensuring that
the debates are productive and follow the established rules of procedure. The chairs guide the
delegates through the conference, maintain order and decorum, and help delegates resolve any
conflicts or issues that arise.

Committees are an essential component of an MUN conference as they provide a platform for
delegates to engage with global issues and develop their research, communication, and
negotiation skills. Through the committee process, delegates learn about the complexities of
international diplomacy and gain a greater understanding of the role that the United Nations
plays in addressing global challenges.

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 COMMITTEE PROCEEDINGS
The Roll Call
When the chair calls out a country's name during roll call, delegates are
supposed to react with "present" or "present and voting." When selecting the
former, a delegate has the option to abstain from voting on proposed
resolutions; while selecting the latter, a delegate is obligated to cast a vote.

The General Speaker’s List (GSL)

The General Speaker's List is a procedure used in Model United Nations (MUN) conferences to
facilitate debate among delegates. It is a list of speakers that is established at the beginning of the
conference, and each delegate who wishes to speak on a topic is added to the list.

During the General Speaker's List, delegates take turns speaking for a set amount of time, typically
between one and three minutes. The speaker may address the entire conference or direct their
comments to specific delegates or groups. The purpose of the General Speaker's List is to provide a
structured and fair way for all delegates to participate in the debate, while also allowing the chair
to maintain control over the proceedings.

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 COMMITTEE PROCEEDINGS
Once the list is established, the chair will call on each delegate in turn to speak. The delegate
may choose to yield their time to another delegate or to request an extension of their
speaking time, subject to the discretion of the chair. When all delegates on the list have had
an opportunity to speak, the chair may establish a new list for further debate or move on to
other items on the conference agenda.

Elements of a GSL
• Begin with a strong opening statement: Start your speech with a clear and attention-grabbing
statement that outlines your position on the topic. This will help to engage the audience and
establish your credibility as a speaker.

• Provide evidence and examples: Support your arguments with concrete evidence and examples
that illustrate your points. This will help to convince the audience of the validity of your position
and demonstrate your knowledge of the topic.

• Address potential counterarguments: Acknowledge potential counterarguments to your

position and provide a rebuttal that refutes these arguments. This will show that you have
considered different perspectives on the issue and are able to respond to challenges to your
position.

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 COMMITTEE PROCEEDINGS
• Use persuasive language: Choose your words carefully and use persuasive language that
is clear and concise. This will help to convey your message effectively and make your
arguments more convincing.

• End with a strong closing statement: Conclude your speech with a clear and memorable
statement that summarizes your main points and leaves a lasting impression on the
audience, also referred to as the ‘call of action’.

YIELDS (GSL) :
If a delegate has some time remaining from their GSL speech which they were not able to
utilise with verbal substantive material, then they will be offered to choose one of the
three types of yields by the Dias to utilise their remaining time.

• YIELD TO ANOTHER DELEGATE: If a delegate practices the Yield to another

delegate on their remaining time, they basically are donating their excess time to some
other delegate of the committee. This yield is not much recommended as even it does
not result in any negative marking and also gains no marks to the delegate.

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 COMMITTEE PROCEEDINGS
• YIELD TO THE CHAIR/EB: If a delegate practices the Yield to the Chair/Dias on
their remaining time, they are essentially letting the Executive Board decide what to do
with the excess time. Usually, the Executive Board tends to discard the time and move
on with the committee or they might even question you back on your speech.

• YIELD TO POINT OF INFORMATION: If a delegate practices the Yield to Points Of

Information on their remaining time, they are opening themselves to questions from
other delegates based on the speech they just gave. This is the most recommended yield
out of the three as it will be gaining you marks.

MODERATED CAUCUS:
In a Model United Nations (MUN) conference, a moderated caucus is a structured debate
format in which a specific topic/sub-agenda is discussed in-depth by the delegates of the
committee. The moderated caucus is moderated by the committee chair or moderator, who
controls the speaking time and the order in which delegates are allowed to speak.
During a moderated caucus, delegates are given the opportunity to express their views on a
specific topic (sub-agenda), share their ideas and solutions, and engage in
constructive dialogue with other delegates.

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 COMMITTEE PROCEEDINGS
The moderator may pose specific questions to the delegates to guide the
discussion and ensure that it stays on topic.

Moderated caucuses are often used to explore a particular issue in greater detail,
to break down complex problems into smaller parts, or to focus on a particular
aspect of the overall topic. They can also be used to negotiate and draft
resolutions, which are the formal documents that outline the solutions proposed
by the committee.

Overall, moderated caucuses are an important part of the MUN conference as they
allow delegates to engage in meaningful debate and discussion, collaborate with
other delegates, and work towards finding solutions to real-world issues. The
Chairperson may also decide, subject to appeal, to suspend the caucus early or
prolong it.

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 COMMITTEE PROCEEDINGS
UNMODERATED CAUCUS:
An unmoderated caucus is a debate format used in Model United Nations (MUN) conferences to
allow delegates to have informal discussions and collaborate on drafting resolutions. During an
unmoderated caucus, the committee chair or moderator allows the delegates to move freely
around the room and interact with one another without any formal structure or time limits.

Delegates should comprehend that it is not a break and moving out of the committee room during
this time without the permission of the Chair or the Secretariat is strictly prohibited.
Delegates can use unmoderated caucuses to build alliances, discuss ideas and solutions, and
negotiate the details of resolutions. They can also use this time to conduct research or prepare for
upcoming debates. Internet usage is generally prohibited during this time but the Executive Board
might allow it on the basis of the committee.

Unmoderated caucuses are an essential part of the MUN conference as they allow delegates to
work together effectively and efficiently, share information and ideas, and form stronger bonds
with their fellow delegates. The length and frequency of unmoderated caucuses are determined by
the committee chair, but they typically last between 15-30 minutes and occur periodically
throughout the conferenceBh

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 COMMITTEE PROCEEDINGS
DOCUMENTATIONS:
In a Model United Nations conference, documentation refers to the written materials that
delegates submit to the committee to support their positions and proposals. Documentation
can take many forms, such as position papers, working papers, draft resolutions, and final
resolutions.

Position papers are a summary of a delegate's country's policy and stance on the topics to
be discussed in the committee. Working papers are informal documents that are used to
present ideas and proposals to the committee, while draft resolutions are more formal
documents that outline proposed solutions to the issues being discussed. Final resolutions
are the official documents that are adopted by the committee and outline the solutions that
have been agreed upon.

Documentation is an essential part of the MUN conference as it allows delegates to express

their ideas and proposals clearly and effectively, and it provides a framework for the debate
and negotiation process. Delegates are expected to submit high-quality documentation that
is well- researched, thoughtful, and diplomatic in tone.

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 POINTS IN AN MUN
In a Model United Nations (MUN) conference, points are a procedural tool used by delegates to make
requests or draw attention to specific issues during the course of the debate. There are several different
types of points that delegates can make, including points of order, points of information, points of
inquiry and points of personal privilege.

• POINT OF PERSONAL PRIVILEGE : Points of personal privilege are procedural requests made by a
delegate in a Model United Nations (MUN) conference to address a personal issue or request a break,
such as a problem with the delegate's equipment or a need to use the restroom.

• POINT OF INQUIRY: Points of inquiry are procedural requests made by a delegate in a Model United
Nations conference to ask a question or seek clarification on a specific point during the debate. It can be
useful for challenging another delegate's argument or to gain a better understanding of the issue being
discussed.

• POINT OF ORDER : Points of order are procedural requests made by a delegate in a Model United
Nations conference to bring to the attention of the chair or moderator that a rule has been broken or a
procedure has been violated during the debate. Points of order can also be used in case of factual
Inaccuracies by any delegate of the committee.

• POINT OF INFORMATION : Points of information are basically questions raised by a delegate in a Model
United Nations conference to ask a question or seek clarification on a specific point related to the
ongoing debate. This can be useful for challenging

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 CHITS IN AN MUN
In a Model United Nations (MUN) conference, chits refer to small pieces of paper that are used by
delegates to submit notes or requests to the chair or moderator during the debate. Delegates may
use chits to raise points of order, points of information, or points of personal privilege, or to
request a right of reply. Chits are typically provided to delegates at the start of the conference and
are collected by pages or volunteers who deliver them to the chair or moderator. Using chits can
help to ensure that the debate proceeds in an orderly and efficient manner and that all delegates
have an opportunity to participate. A key point to note about chits in an MUN is that a POI chit and
a Substantive Chit should always contain “Via E.B.” and “To: E.B.” respectively if a delegate wants
them to be marked by the Executive Board.

3 Major Chits In an MUN

•POI CHIT : A POI chit or a Point of Information chit is used by delegates to ask questions
to fellow delegates. It is exactly used like the verbal Point of Information but can be sent
anytime during the flow of the session, keeping into exception when the Executive Board
suspends chits due to any reason.

• SUBSTANTIVE CHIT : A Substantive Chit is used by a delegate to hand over extra

substantive material in his possession that he was unable to communicate verbally.
Substantive material refers to any piece of research or information a delegate has.

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 CHITS IN AN MUN
• DELEGATE TO DELEGATE CHIT : A Delegate to Delegate Chit, as its name
suggests is a chit that passes directly from a delegate directly to another
delegate without the interference of the Dias.

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 POSITION PAPER
A position paper is a written document that outlines a delegate's country's policies, perspectives,
and proposed solutions to the issues that will be discussed in a Model United Nations (MUN)
conference. It serves as a starting point for the delegate's participation in the conference and
provides a clear statement of their country's position on the issues.

A position paper typically includes several key components, such as an introduction that provides
background information on the issue being discussed, a statement of the country's position, an
explanation of the country's policies and priorities, and proposed solutions to the problem. It should
also include evidence and examples to support the delegate's arguments and recommendations.

Writing a position paper is an important part of the preparation process for MUN conferences, as it
helps delegates to clarify their thoughts and positions on the issues, and it provides a basis for
engaging in debate and negotiation with other delegates. Position papers should be well-researched,
thoughtful, and diplomatic in tone, and should reflect a deep understanding of the country's policies
and perspectives on the issues being discussed.

Note: The Position Paper is a document that is meant to be submitted to the Executive Board or the
Dias before the day of the conference. For more information regarding your committee’s Position
Paper preferences please contact your respective Executive Board members or any Secretariat
member.

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 ELEMENTS OF A POSITION PAPER
A position paper in a Model United Nations typically includes the following elements:

• Introduction: This section provides background information on the topic being discussed
and sets the context for the paper.

• Country's Position: This section outlines the position of the delegate's assigned country on
the topic being discussed.

• Priorities and Policies: This section explains the policies and priorities of the country in
relation to the issue at hand.

• Proposed Solutions: This section outlines the proposed solutions and actions that the
country believes should be taken to address the issue.

• Evidence and Examples: This section provides evidence and examples to support the
arguments and recommendations made in the paper.

• Conclusion: This section summarizes the main points of the paper and restates the country's
position.

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SAMPLE POSITION PAPER

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 DRAFT RESOLUTION
In Model United Nations, a draft resolution is a written proposal that outlines a solution to
a specific issue or problem. It is usually presented by a delegate or group of delegates
representing a country or organization.

A draft resolution typically includes an introduction that outlines the issue and its
significance, followed by a series of operative clauses that propose actions to address the
issue. These clauses are usually numbered and begin with action verbs, such as
"recommends", "urges", or "calls upon", and are followed by specific details about the
proposed actions.

Once a draft resolution is introduced, it may be debated, amended, and voted upon by the
delegates. Amendments can be made to the operative clauses or to the entire resolution
itself. The final version of the resolution is then voted on and passed or rejected by the
committee.

Draft resolutions are an important part of the MUN process as they allow delegates to
collaborate, debate, and propose solutions to real-world issues, just as they would in a real
United Nations setting.

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SAMPLE DRAFT RESOLUTION

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 PRE-AMBULATORY AND OPERATIVE
CLAUSES
Acknowledging Deeply concerned Fully alarmedMindful
Acting Deeply conscious Fully awareNoting
Affirming Deeply convinced Fully believingNoting further
Alarmed by Deeply disturbed Further deploringNoting with approval
Alarmed Deeply regretting Further recallingNoting with deep concern Guided
Anxious Deploring byNoting with regret
Appreciating Desiring Having adoptedNoting with satisfaction Having
Approving Determined approvedObserving
Aware of Emphasizing Having consideredReaffirming
Bearing in mind Encouraged Having considered furtherReaffirming also
Believing Expecting Having devoted attentionRealizing
Cognizant Expressing appreciation Having examinedRecalling
Concerned Expressing concern also Having heardRecalling also
Confident Expressing concern Having receivedRecognizing
Conscious Expressing its appreciation Having reviewedRecognizing also
Considering Expressing its satisfaction Having studiedRecognizing with satisfaction Having
Contemplating Expressing satisfaction consideredReferring
Convinced Firmly Convinced Having decidedRegretting
Declaring
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Fulfilling Keeping in mindReiterating
PRE-AMBULATORY AND OPERATIVE
CLAUSES
Reiterating its call for
Reminding
Seeking
Seized
Stressing
Taking into account
Taking into consideration
Taking note
Taking note also
Taking note further
Underlining
Viewing with appreciation
Viewing with apprehension
Welcoming
Welcoming also

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 GENERAL RULES

The Dress Code for the conference on day 1 is 'Indian ethnic wear'.

The Dress Code for the conference on day 2 is 'western formals'

Severe violation to the dress code will lead to prohibition from entering the committee rooms

Delegates must obey instructions given by the secretariat. Failure to obey instructions, misconduct
or disrespect directed towards the secretariat or any student delegates will result in dismissal from
the conference. Delegates must address the secretariat by their respective roles. Delegates must
address the secretariat members by their positions at all times; a delegate must address the Dais as
the “Dais”, “Chair” or “Chairperson”.

English will be the only language for conversing during the conference.

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 GENERAL RULES

This is the first order of business for the committee. Since there is only one agenda for the
committee,
it will automatically be adopted.

It is mandatory for delegates to acknowledge the resources they have relied upon or incorporated in
their own work. It is expected that all documents submitted prior and during the conference are the
delegate’s own work. All documents submitted will be vetted through a rigorous plagiarism checker,
and any work submitted by the delegate, without acknowledgement of sources, will result in reduced
consideration of the delegate for awards.

Accessing the internet during committee sessions is strictly prohibited by the secretariat. Delegates
will be allowed to access the internet during the break times, even then the delegate has to have his
own internet connection and no access to the internet/WiFi will be provided by the institution.

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