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Pad Chimney Foundation1
Pad Chimney Foundation1
By: MAK
1. INTRODUCTION:
* The purpose of the foundation is to transfer the loads from the structure to the ground without causing the ground to
fail in shear or to allow excessive settlement of the structure to occur. These requirements are met by ensuring the
bearing pressure below the foundation does not exceed permissible bearing pressure.
* The purpose of this calculation is to design Pad & Chimney foundation for "A10" type lattice steel tower structure.
* The foundation is subjected to upward, downward and horizontal forces.
* Foundation loads will be obtained from the tower reactions multiplied by over load capacity factors. These factored loads will be
used in the sizing of the foundation. However, to design steel reinforcements reactions without the OCFs will be used.
2. TOWER GEOMETRY:
θ=tan
−1
[ ]
b−a
√ 2h
= 10.330 deg Leg Slope angel with Respect to Vertical
h 0= 1000 mm
φ=tan−1 [ ]
b−a
2h
= 11.860 deg h22
h0
h0 h11
h11 = = 1021.812 mm Tower First Leg Slope
sin( 90−φ )
h0
h22 = = 1016.476 mm Tower Second Leg Slope
sin( 90−θ )
* The maximum vertical and horizontal reactions have been given in the PTS (clause: 4.09 A) for this kind of tower as follow:
Note :
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Date: April 25, 2024
By: MAK
4. FACTORED LOADS:
M 0 =0 ⇒ M =0 Moment Reaction
Eh a
Thickness of Pad Fd = ### mm GL a Ph-x
Chimney
Assumed Footing Depth h = 3.5 m Pad
h
Exposed Height, including the Eh = ### mm OL
300 mm structure pad Fd
6. MATERIAL PROPERTIES:
6.1 CONCRETE:
'
fc = 28 MPa Concrete Compressive Strength
PTS (clause: 4.09 A-1)
fy = 420 MPa Steel Yield Strength
PTS (clause: 5.02)
E = 200000 Mpa Steel Elastic Modulus
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Date: April 25, 2024
By: MAK
file:///conversion/tmp/activity_task_scratch/748319658.xls 3/26
Date: April 25, 2024
By: MAK
7. CALCULATIONS:
N c =( N q −1)/tan φ1 ⇒ Nc = 25.135
Nγ =
tan φ 1 K py
2 cos 2 φ [
−1
] ⇒ Nγ = 9.702
q ult
q allow= ⇒ q allow = 294.112 KN/m² SF = 4 Safty Factor Allowable Bearing Capacity
SF
7.2 CHECK FOUNDATION DISPLACEMENT:
N 60 = 30 SPT N value
Sc = 50 mm Tolerable Settlement
B = 4 m Footing Width
1. 4
S c ×N 60
q= 0 .75
= 1216.034 KN/m² ⇒ q allow = Min ( q allow , q) = 294.112 KN/m²
1. 7×B
file:///conversion/tmp/activity_task_scratch/748319658.xls 4/26
Date: April 25, 2024
By: MAK
Pc
A P= = 0.137 m² Gross Pedestal Area
0 . 65×(0 . 85×f c ×( 1− ρ)+ ρ×f y )
h = 3.5 m L = 4 m B = 4 m Eh = ### mm
f = 35 deg Angle of the Shearing Soil Plane with the Vertical "Frustum Angle"
Weight of Pad Wf = Vf x γ c
= 9.600 x 24
= 230.4 KN
Weight of Chimney Wp = Vp x γ c
= 1.464 x 24
= 35.1294 KN
file:///conversion/tmp/activity_task_scratch/748319658.xls 5/26
Date: April 25, 2024
By: MAK
h3
Volume of Soil Vs =
3
( A t + A b+ √ A t × A b)
At : Area at The Top
Ab : Area at The Bottom G.L
Ab = L x B
= 4 x 4 h3
= 16.00 m² f f
At = ( B + (2 x h3 x tan(f))²
= 64.98 m²
B
Vs = 109.454 m³
Weight of Soil Ws = Vs x γ S
= 109.454 x 17
= 1860.711 KN
Y
7.5 CHECK FOR BEARING CAPACITY OF SOIL: Y´
file:///conversion/tmp/activity_task_scratch/748319658.xls 6/26
Date: April 25, 2024
By: MAK
Mx1 = Pc x
y e Bending Moment due to
= 2400.00 x 0.528 Downward Force Pc
= 1268.23 K N.m "About X"
Mx3 = Wp x (
y
/2) e Bending Moment due to
= 35.13 x 0.264 Weight of Chimney
= 9.28 K N.m "About X"
Fd = ### mm
Kp =
1+Sin φ 1
1−Sin φ 1
Kp = 2.464 Passive Earth Pressure Coefficient
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Date: April 25, 2024
By: MAK
Pc
Ph 105.680
Eh = 0.500 G.L
Wp T= 0.60 Lt = 121.471 KN/m²
Ws
h = 3.50
OL = 4.60 h3 = 2.90
Wf
Fd = 0.600
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Date: April 25, 2024
By: MAK
Note 1 : only for safty purpose we consider in above calculation 80 % of the total resisting moment due to
passive earth pressure
Note 2 : if Mx < 0 then we will Mx = 0 and the same will be applicable for My.
P Mx My
q= ±
A Ix
× y±
Iy
×x q=
P
L×B
M
(
1± x ±
L
My
B )
Where:
Mx : Net Bending Moment @ Base of Footing "Around X".
My : Net Bending Moment @ Base of Footing "Around Y".
P : Total Vertical Load.
A : Foundation Area.
I : Second Moment of Area of The Footing About The Axis of Bending.
x , y: Distance from Axis of Bending to the Position The Stress is Being Calculated.
Ix = ( B x L³ ) / 12
= 21.333 m³
Iy = ( L x B³ ) / 12
= 21.333 m³
Calculation Vertical Loads:
Weight of Pad Wf = Vf x γ c
= 9.600 x 24
= 230.4 KN
Weight of Chimney Wp = Vp x γ c
= 1.464 x 24
= 35.1294 KN
Weight of Soil Ws = ( B x L x h - a x a x h x β ) x γS
= 54.719 x 17
= 930.227 KN
file:///conversion/tmp/activity_task_scratch/748319658.xls 9/26
Date: April 25, 2024
By: MAK
qu 3 =
3595.756
+
0.000
x 2 -
182.627
x 2 = 207.613 KN/m²
16 21.333 21.333
241.856 KN/m²
241.856 KN/m²
241.856 KN/m²
B= 4.00 m
L= 4.00 m
207.613 KN/m²
207.613 KN/m²
207.613 KN/m²
= 2795.756 KN
q max = 2795.756 / 16
file:///conversion/tmp/activity_task_scratch/748319658.xls 10/26
Date: April 25, 2024
By: MAK
Mx1 = Pc x
y e Bending Moment due to
= 1600.00 x 0.528 Downward Force Pc
= 845.49 K N.m "About X"
Mx3 = Wp x (
y
/2) e Bending Moment due to
= 35.13 x 0.264 Weight of Chimney
= 9.28 K N.m "About X"
file:///conversion/tmp/activity_task_scratch/748319658.xls 11/26
Date: April 25, 2024
By: MAK
q ave = ( q1 + q2 + q
3
+ q ) /
4
4
= 174.735 + 174.735 + 174.735 + 174.735
= 174.735 KN/m²
A = L x B Foundation Area
= 4 x 4
= 16 m²
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Vn
: ≥ Date: April 25, 2024
Q
"Pu By: MAK
nch
"
wh
ere b0 = 4 x (a+d) Perimeter Length
the
no = 4 x 1085 B= 4
mi = 4.34 m
nal
she A = (a+d) x (a+d) Punching Area
ar Punch w
= 1.085 x 1.085
stre a
ngt = 1.177 m² B=
w
h
Vn qu avve = (qu 1 + + qu 3 + qu 4 ) /
qu 2 4 4 a+d
is: = ( 241.856 + 241.856 + 207.613 + 207.613 ) / 4
= 224.735 KN/m²
= qu x ( A - A Punch )
Vn Q Punch avve Punching Shear
= = 224.735 x 14.823 Perimeter
Vs = 3331.193 KN
+ Critical Section for
Vc Punching Shear
Vc
In general, the factored shear force Q "Punch" at the critical shear section shall
=
be less than or equal to the shear strength:
no Vn: ≥ Q "Punch"
mi
where the nominal shear strength Vn is:
nal Vn = Vs + Vc
she = nominal shear strength provided by concrete, computed if Fd d
Vc
ar
shear reinforcement is not used.
stre
Vs = nominal shear strength provided by reinforcement. q
"ngt
Reference ACI 318 - 02, clause 11.12.2.1" Elevation
h
pro
vid
The Nominal Shear Strength Provided by Concrete will be the Smallest of:
ed
by
1
con
1) .
cret
V c 1=
3
√ f 'c b 0 d
e, = 0.33 x 5.292 x 4340 x 485
co
= 3712.695 KN
mp
( )√
ute αs.d f 'c . b 0 . d α s = 20
d2)if. V = +2 . For Corner Columns
c2
b0 12
= 3930.837 KN
she
√ f 'c . b0 . d
( ) 2
ar
3)
rei . V c 3 = 1+ . β c = a / a = ### / ### = 1
nfo β c 6
rce
me = 5569.042 KN
nt
is Vc = Min ( Vc1 , Vc2 , Vc3 ) Allowable Punching Shear
not = 3712.695 KN
use
d.
Vs Check if (Punching Shear) Q Punch < Vc (Allowable Punching Shear)
=
no If ( Qpunch <= Vc, OK , ERROR)
mi
nal Qpunch = 3331.193 < 3712.695 OK
she
ar
stre
ngt
h
pro
vidfile:///conversion/tmp/activity_task_scratch/748319658.xls 13/26
ed
Date: April 25, 2024
By: MAK
X = ((L-a)/2) - d 4
= 1.215 m B=
X
q ux =q u min + ( qu max −qu min ) . d
L
= 218.015 KN/m²
a
1
Q shear = (q + q ). B . X Direct Shear Load 4 w
2 ux u max B= a w
= 1117.486 KN
" Reference ACI 318 - 02, clause 11.3.1.2 and clause 11.3.2.3"
= 2.400 m²
= 1833.128 KN
√ f 'c . B . d X
2) . V c 2 = 1+(0 .3 . Pu
Ag )6 Fd d
= 2093.310 KN
q
Elevation
Vc = Min ( Vc1 , Vc2 ) Allowable Shear Force
= 1833.128 KN
The Critical Section for The Design for Flexural Reinforcement Should be Taken at The Face of The Column.
X1 = ( ( L - a ) / 2 )
= 1.7 m
X1
q ux1 =qu min +( qu max −qu min )
L
= 222.167 KN/m²
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Date: April 25, 2024
By: MAK
2
M ux 1 =(q ux1 . X 1 . B )/2+((qu max −qux 1 ). B . X 1 )/3 )
= 1284.123 + 44.629
= 1328.752 KN.m
M ux 1 B= 4
Required Rn =
φ . B . d2
}
f
ρ =0 . 85 . c ¿¿ ¿
f y
,ρ min )
ρ = If ( ρ > ρ min , ρ X1= 1.7
⇒ ρ= 0.0039
Fd d
Required As = ρ x B x d
= 0.0039 x 4000 x ### q
= 7503.98 mm²
Elevation
Use Steel with φ 20 mm ⇒ Aφ = 314.16 mm²
= 25
= 160 mm
Provided As = NPb x Aφ
= 25 x 314.16
= 7853.98 mm²
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Date: April 25, 2024
By: MAK
X1 = ( ( L - a ) / 2 )
= 1.7 m
2
X
Mu net =qu net ×B× 1
2
= 562.652 KN.m
M ux 1
Required Rn = φ = 0.9 Strength Rediction Factor
φ . B . d2 " Reference ACI 318 - 02, clause 9.3.2"
Rn = 664.437 KN/m²
f }c
ρ =0 . 85 . ¿¿ ¿ ⇒ ρ= 0.0016
f y
ρ min = 0.0018 Minimum As Required for Footings of Uniform Thickness, for Grade 60
Reinforcement " Reference ACI 318 - 02, clause 7.12.2.1"
,ρ min )
ρ = If ( ρ > ρ min , ρ
⇒ ρ= 0.0018
Required As = ρ x B x d
= 0.0018 x 4000 x 485
= 3492.00 mm²
= 12
= 348 mm
Provided As = NPt x Aφ
= 12 x 314.16
= 3769.911
file:///conversion/tmp/activity_task_scratch/748319658.xls 16/26
Date: April 25, 2024
By: MAK
Mx1 = Pc x
y e Bending Moment due to
= 2400.00 x 0.528 Downward Force Pc
= 1268.23 K N.m "About X"
Mx3 = Wp x (
y
/2) e Bending Moment due to
= 35.13 x 0.264 Weight of Chimney
= 9.28 K N.m "About X"
Mx4 = Pu x
y e Bending Moment due to
= 1788.00 x 0.528 Upward Force Pc
= 944.83 K N.m "About X"
file:///conversion/tmp/activity_task_scratch/748319658.xls 17/26
Date: April 25, 2024
By: MAK
Pf = Pu - Wp
= 1788.00 - 35.13 Loads on
= 1752.87 KN Foundation when
Subjected to Uplift
β1 = 0.65
h 0 1−β 1
Mu=Mxu + Myu ( )
b β1
= 585.98 K N.m
h 0 1− β1
Mc= Mxc+ Myc ( ) b β1
= 88.44 KN.m
file:///conversion/tmp/activity_task_scratch/748319658.xls 18/26
Date: April 25, 2024
By: MAK
ρactual = As / ( h0 x b )
= 0.04363
e1 = d - ( h0 / 2 ) + e comp.
= 490.50 - 300 + 36.8488
= 227.35 mm
d1 = cov + Sd + Asd / 2
= 85 + 12 + 12.5
= 109.5 mm
fy
m1 = = ### / 28 = 17.647
0 .85 . f 'c
Pc1 =
= 10146.69
[
0 . 85 . f 'c . b . d − ρ+1−
KN >
e1
d
+
2400.000
√( 1−
KN
d )
e1 2
[ d 1 e1
+2 . ρ. ( m1 −1 ). (1− )+
d d ]]
If ( Pc1 <= Pc , "OK" , Error" ) OK
Mu = 585.98 K N.m
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Date: April 25, 2024
By: MAK
In order to calculate the iteraction curve due to the uplift force, it is necessary to calcuate the bending capacity
of the section Mu0 when the axial load is zero, Also we need to determine Pu00 the maximum axial capacity of
the section in the absence of the moment.
we will assume the x value " distance of the center of rotation from the center line of the section" and then it
will be adjusted to be as foolow
εy = fy / E
= ### / 200000 = 0.0021
Eq = Ts - Cc - Cs = 585.201
Xts = 0.5 * ( d -d1 ) = 190.5 mm Tension Steel Distance from the center
Xcs = 0.5 * ( d -d1 ) = 190.5 mm Compression Steel Distance from the center
( ) ( )
1. 1 1 .1
Pf Mu
IR= +
Pu00 Mu 0
= 0.261 + 0.497
= 0.758 < 1
file:///conversion/tmp/activity_task_scratch/748319658.xls 20/26
Date: April 25, 2024
By: MAK
7.9.5 TIES:
ds = 12 mm Diameter of Ties
The bearing strength of the footing is increased by a factor Sqrt ( A2 / A1 ) <= 2 due to the large footing area
permitting a greater distribution of the column load.
1.2
a
B= 4 a w 0.6
45
45
1.2
=
d
F
0.6
Fd=
0.6
A1 is the column (loaded) area and A2 is the plan area of the lower base of the largest frustum of the pyramide , cone
or tapered wedge cotained wholly within the support and for having its upper base the loaded area , and having side
slopes of 1 vertical to 2 horizontal.
file:///conversion/tmp/activity_task_scratch/748319658.xls 21/26
Date: April 25, 2024
By: MAK
A1 = Ap = 360000 0
√ A2 / A1 = 5 > 2 ⇒ √ A2 / A1 = 2
Note that bearing on the column concrete will allways govern until the strength of the column concrete exceeds
twice that of the footing concrete
Even though bearing on the column and footing concrete is adequate to transfer the factored loads, a minimum area
of reinforcement is required across the interface.
" Reference ACI 318 - 02, clause 15.8.2.1"
Asmin = 0.005 x Ap Ap Area of Pedestal
= 0.005 x 360000
= 1800 0
Shorter development lengths are required for bars in compression than in tension since the weakening effect of
flexural tension cracks in the concrete is not present. The development length for deformed bars or deformed wire in
compression is dc = (db.fy) / (4.Sqrt (f c)), but not less than 0.04.db.fy or 200mm.
" Reference ACI 318 - 02, clause 12.3"
fy
dc1 = ×d b
4×√ f c
'
dc1 = 496.08 mm
dc3 = 200 mm
file:///conversion/tmp/activity_task_scratch/748319658.xls 22/26
Date: April 25, 2024
By: MAK
= Footing Thickness - Cover - 2.( Footing Bar Diameter ) - Dowel Bar Diameter
= 600 - 85 - 40 - 25
= 450 > 389.782 OK Therefore, the dowels can be fully developed in the footing
Note: If case the avilable development length is less than the required length, either increase footing depth or
use larger number of smaller size dowels. Also note that if the footing dowels are bent for placement on top of
the footing reinforcement , the bent portion cannot be considered effective for development the bars in
compression.
7.13.1 EXCAVATION:
L = 4 m
B = 4 m 0.5 Y
Eh = G.L
h = 3.5 m
Fd = 600 mm 3.5
h=
20
H = h + Fd = 4.1 m
X = 0.5 m
Fd = 0.6
s = 20 deg
X X
B= 4
Y = H x tan ( s )
= 4.1 x 0.364
= 1.492 m
H
Vs =
( A + A + √ A t × A b)
3 t b
Volume of Soil to be Excavated
Vs = 175.9 m³
L = 4 m Footing Length
B = 4 m Footing Width
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Date: April 25, 2024
By: MAK
7.13.3 BACKFILL:
OL = h + Eh + Fd
= 4.6 m
A= 4.46 m
A1 = OL - Fd + dc
= 4.6 - 0.6 + 0.38978
= 4.390 m B= 0.30 m
A = A1 x β
= 4.390 x 1.016
= 4.46 m
B = 12 x Asd
= 12 x 25
= 0.30 m
a1 = a - 2. cov 200
= 0.6 - 0.17 a1 0.43
= 0.43 m
file:///conversion/tmp/activity_task_scratch/748319658.xls 24/26
Date: April 25, 2024
By: MAK
3- Footing Rebars:
C1 = (( Fd - 2. cov ) / 2 ) + 0.1
= 0.315 m
C2 = L - ( 2 x cov )
= 4 - 0.17
= 3.83 m
ds = 12 mm Diameter of Ties
NS = 21 mm Number of Ties
LS ( Total ) = LS x NS
= 2.02 x 21
= 41.56 m
3- Footing Rebars:
file:///conversion/tmp/activity_task_scratch/748319658.xls 25/26
Date: April 25, 2024
By: MAK
Pc = 2400.00 KN B = 4.00 m
Pc
Ph-y
Pu = 1788.00 KN L = 4.00 m
Factored Loads
Eh a
GL a Ph-x
Ph-x = 363.00 KN Fd = 600.00 mm
Chimney
Pad
Geometry
M = 0.00 KN a = 600.00 mm
B
γc = 24.00 KN/m³ cov = 85.00 mm L
'
fc = 28.00 MPa T = 600.00 mm
Material Properties
STEEL REINFORCEMENT
PAD CHIMNEY
Top reinforcement for Chimney Vertical
Ties ( Stirrups )
C2 = 3.83 Pad Bars
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