EXPLANATION

TEXT
Definition Structures Example

Language
Types
Features
 DEFINITION
Explanation text is a text which explains how and why
a phenomenon happens. It includes both natural and
social phenomena. Explanation text serves to provide
information through a detailed explanation of a
phenomenon that occurs. That's why, the writing in
the explanation text must be detailed and answer the
reader's questions.
 TYPES
Sequential Explanation Text

1
This text describes a process in order and
time.
Example: How seawater becomes salty.

Cause and Effect Explanation Text

2 This text explains the cause and effect of a

phenomenon.
Example: Why people feel sleepy after a meal.
 STRUCTURES

Title Explanation

General
Statement Conclusion
 LANGUAGE FEATURES
Simple passive
Present Tense Voice

Connective Technical
Words Terms

Sequential Cause and Effect

 EXAMPLE
How Seawater Becomes Salty
Two-thirds of the Earth’s surface is covered in water, and 97% of that is salty seawater.
Only 3% of our planet’s water is fresh such as water in rivers, lake, and streams. This fresh
water plays a big role in explaining how the sea becomes salty. Water moves around our
planet in a cycle powered by the sun: from the sea, to the sky, to the land and then back to
the sea.

When the sun heats the water in the sea, it changes into gas called water vapour and rises
into the air, through a process called evaporation. After that, the water vapour turns back
into liquid water while floating in the air, forming clouds through a process called
condensation. Then this water eventually falls from the clouds in the sky as rain, sleet, hail
or snow in which the process is also called precipitation. When these flows into streams and
rivers, and eventually makes its way back to the sea.
Furthermore, the rain that falls from the sky contains small amounts of chemicals called
carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide which makes the rain slightly acidic. This acid can
absorb small amounts of mineral salts, including sodium and chloride. These mineral salts
are dissolved from the rocks which then enter the water.

Thus, the main salt in seawater is sodium chloride. The rain water flows off the land and into
the rivers and streams that lead all the way to the sea, carrying the dissolved salts along
with it that makes the seawater salty.
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