K. J.

Somaiya College of Engineering, Mumbai-77

(A Constituent College of Somaiya Vidyavihar University)

Department of Electronics Engineering

Analog Integrated Circuits and

Course Name: Semester: V
Applications
Date of
Batch No: A
Performance:
Faculty Name: Roll No:
Faculty Sign &
Grade/Marks: /25
Date:

Experiment No: 3
Title: To implement practical integrator and differentiator
Aim and Objective of the Experiment:

● To implement Practical Integrator & differentiator using opamp

COs to be achieved:

CO2: Design circuits using op-amps as linear applications.

Theory:

The differentiator circuit performs the mathematical operation of differentiation; that is, the output
waveform is the derivative of the input waveform. The differentiator may be constructed from a basic
inverting amplifier if an input resistor R 1 is replaced by a capacitor C1. The expression for the output
voltage is given as,

dvi
Vo=−RfC 1∗( )
dt

AICA Lab Semester: VI Academic Year: 2022-23

Roll No:
 K. J. Somaiya College of Engineering, Mumbai-77

(A Constituent College of Somaiya Vidyavihar University)

Department of Electronics Engineering

Here the negative sign indicates that the output voltage is 180֯ out of phase with the input signal. A
resistor R comp=R f is normally connected to the non-inverting input terminal of the op-amp to
compensate for the input bias current. A workable differentiator can be designed by implementing the
following steps:

1. Select fa equal to the highest frequency of the input signal to be differentiated. Then, assuming a
value of C1 < 1 μF, calculate the value of Rf.

2. Choose fb = 20 fa and calculate the values of R1 and Cf so that R1C1 = Rf Cf.

The differentiator is most commonly used in waveshaping circuits to detect high frequency
components in an input signal and also as a rate–of–change detector in FM modulators.

Circuit Diagram :

1. Practical Differentiator with sine wave input in time domain

AICA Lab Semester: VI Academic Year: 2022-23

Roll No:
 K. J. Somaiya College of Engineering, Mumbai-77

(A Constituent College of Somaiya Vidyavihar University)

Department of Electronics Engineering

Stepwise-Procedure:

1. Make the connections (schematic) as per the circuit diagram.

2. + Vcc and - Vcc supply is given to the power supply terminal of the Op-Amp IC.

3. By adjusting the amplitude and frequency, appropriate input voltage is applied to the inverting input
terminal of the Op-Amp.

4. The output voltage is obtained after running the simulation.

5. Input and output voltage waveforms will be obtained.

Observation Table:

Sr.No Vin(Volts) Vout p-p Vout p-p

.
(Theoretically)(Volts) (Type of Output Signal)

1. Sine Wave (2Vp-p)

2. Square wave (2 Vp-p)

AICA Lab Semester: VI Academic Year: 2022-23

Roll No:
 K. J. Somaiya College of Engineering, Mumbai-77

(A Constituent College of Somaiya Vidyavihar University)

Department of Electronics Engineering

3. Triangular wave (2Vp-p)

Design calculation:

To design a differentiator circuit to differentiate an input signal that varies in frequency from 10 Hz to
about 1 KHz. If a sine wave of 1 V peak at 1000Hz is applied to the differentiator, draw its output
waveform.

Given f a=1 KHz

We know the frequency at which the gain is 0 dB, f a=1/(2 π R f C 1)

Let us assume C 1=0.1 μF ; then

R f =¿ ¿

Since f b=20 f a , f b=20 KHz

We know that the gain limiting frequency f b=1/(2 π R 1C 1)

Hence R 1=¿ ¿

Also since R 1C 1=R f C f ; Cf = _________

Given V p=1 V and f =1000 Hz , the input voltage is V i=V p sin ωt

We know ω=2 πf

Hence V o=−R f C 1(dV i/dt )

= - 0.94 cos ωt

Waveforms:

AICA Lab Semester: VI Academic Year: 2022-23

Roll No:
 K. J. Somaiya College of Engineering, Mumbai-77

(A Constituent College of Somaiya Vidyavihar University)

Department of Electronics Engineering

1. Output waveforms for a practical differentiator with sine wave input in time domain and
high Pass Filter in Frequency Domain

Post Lab Questions:

1. Explain the difference between integrator and differentiator, give an application of each?

2. Explain why integrators are preferred over differentiator in analog computers?

3. Record the pass band gain and cut-off frequency for 1 st order HPF. What is the difference
between passive and active filter.

Conclusion:

AICA Lab Semester: VI Academic Year: 2022-23

Roll No:
 K. J. Somaiya College of Engineering, Mumbai-77

(A Constituent College of Somaiya Vidyavihar University)

Department of Electronics Engineering

Signature of faculty in-charge with Date:

AICA Lab Semester: VI Academic Year: 2022-23

Roll No: