K. J.

Somaiya College of Engineering, Mumbai-77

Batch: A-3 Roll No.: 1913047

Experiment / assignment / tutorial No. 01
Grade: AA / AB / BB / BC / CC / CD /DD

Signature of the Staff In-charge with date

Title: Recall concepts of Op-amp applications learned in Analog Electronics(semester-IV)

course

Aim:
1. To design and simulate the problem number 1 given below
2. To design and simulate the problem number 2 given below

OUTCOME: Student will able to understand and design circuits for linear and non-linear
applications of operational amplifier.

• Theory
o Pin diagram of Op-amp IC 741
(Image source: http://www.learningaboutelectronics.com/Articles/LM741-op-amp-pinout-
connections)

o Write function of each pin of op-amp IC 741

▪ Pin 1: The IC 741 opamp also provides a very high gain because of
which even if there are slight differences in voltages at the inverting
and the non inverting terminals caused due to irregularities in
manufacturing process or external disturbances can influence the
output thus we provide an offset null.

▪ Pin 2: This is the inverting input of the amplifier. If its voltage is higher
than the non-inverting input the output stays low.

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▪ Pin 3: This is the non-inverting input of the amplifier. If its voltage is
higher than the non-inverting input the output goes high.

▪ Pin 4: This is the negative voltage supply terminal depicted by -VEE in

the circuit simulated in LtSpice.

▪ Pin 5: The IC 741 opamp also provides a very high gain because of
which even if there are slight differences in voltages at the inverting
and the non inverting terminals caused due to irregularities in
manufacturing process or external disturbances can influence the
output thus we provide an offset null.

▪ Pin 6: This is the output terminal of the opamp.

▪ Pin 7: This is the positive voltage supply terminal depicted by +VCC in

the circuit simulated in LtSpice.

▪ Pin 8: This is a dummy pin used to fill the void space in standard 8 pin
packages.

o Write any three linear and non-linear applications of op-amp 741.

▪ Answer:
Linear Applications of op-amp 741:-
It can be used as an inverting and non-inverting amplifier. When an input is
applied in closed loop there is a linear relationship between the input and the
output.
It can be used as a Differentiatior where the output is the derivate of the input
signal.
It can be used as an Integrator where the output is proportional to the
amplitude of the input signal.
It can be used as a Voltage to Current converter due to a negative feedback.
It can be used as a Current to Voltage converter.

Non-Linear Applications of op-amp 741:-

It can be used as a zero crossing detector.
It can be used as a voltage comparator.
It can be used as logarithmic and antilogarithmic calculators.

• Problem statement 1:
• A sine wave of 500mV peak voltage is applied to an inverting amplifier.

Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering

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 K. J. Somaiya College of Engineering, Mumbai-77
(a) Determine the value of output voltage if R1 = 1kΩ and Rf = 10kΩ and
supply voltage is ± 12V. Simulate the circuit and take the screenshot
of the output waveform
(b) If the amplitude of input sine wave is increased to 5V, what will be the
output voltage? Modify the circuit and take the screenshot of the
output waveform.
• Figure below shows configuration of inverting amplifier circuit
(Image source: https://www.circuitstoday.com/inverting-amplifier-using-opamp)

• Screenshot of simulated circuit for part (a)

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• Designing steps for part
(a)

• Waveform of part (a)

• Inferences from waveform

1. From the design steps we see that the voltage gain for the circuit is -10.
2. We justify the same from the waveforms obtained in the software.
3. The output voltage has a peak amplitude of 5v which was 10 times that of
the peak amplitude of input voltage.
4. Also the – sign indicates of a phase shift of 180 degrees(using opamp in
inverting mode) which is evident from the waveforms.

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• Screenshot of simulated circuit for part (b)

• Designing steps for part

(b)

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• Waveform of part (b)

• Inferences from waveform

1. The maximum input voltage is 5V. So theoretically, according to the gain
obtained the maximum output voltage should be 50V.
2. From the waveform the maximum output voltage is found to be 12V.
3. We are getting a 180 degree phase shift due to the negative gain but also the
output waveform is like a square wave since it started clipping at V+ and V-
(+-12V).

• Problem statement 2:
• Design a practical integrator to operate at f = 4KHz and gain is equal to 2.
• Simulate the designed circuit
• Plot the frequency response and verify the cut-off frequency and gain
• Take screenshot of output waveform with (a) sine wave input (b) square wave
input
• Figure below shows configuration of practical integrator circuit
(Image source: https://www.circuitstoday.com/integrator-circuit-using-opamp)

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 K. J. Somaiya College of Engineering, Mumbai-77

• Screenshot of simulated circuit

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 K. J. Somaiya College of Engineering, Mumbai-77

Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering

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• Designing
steps

• Screenshot of frequency response with cut-off frequency and gain marked

Sin as ip:

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 K. J. Somaiya College of Engineering, Mumbai-77
Pulse as ip:

• Screenshot of output waveform with sine wave input

• Screenshot of output waveform with square wave input

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 K. J. Somaiya College of Engineering, Mumbai-77
• Inferences from circuit, frequency response and output waveforms
1. The value of Rf is twice that of R1 from the circuit designed.
2. From the waveforms we can say that there is a 180 degree phase shift between
the input and the output waveforms and the gain is also close to 2.
3. From the frequency response we see that the cutoff voltage is obtained at 4.01khz
which is close to the specified value in the problem statement.

Signature of Faculty Member

Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering

DICL/SEM-V/AUG-DEC_2021/Pg. No.___