AHIST 1401

Art History
University of the People
Written Assignment Unit 1
Instructor: Passent Chahine
April 14 2024
INTRODUCTION

This paper will compare two renowned ancient structures: the Parthenon and the Pantheon. We

will explore the key similarities in their origins and characteristics, as well as the notable

differences between the two. Despite the architectural disparities, the two buildings are often

confused due to their shared features. We will begin with an overview of the Parthenon,

including its history, architecture, purpose, and cultural significance.

BODY

The Parthenon derives its name from the Greek word "Parthenos," meaning virgin, in reference

to the goddess Athena (Mr. Burgher, 2020, 4:46). The structure was built in her honor around

432 B.C., about six centuries before the Pantheon. Commissioned by Pericles and designed by

Ictinus and Callicrates, with sculptor Phidias contributing to the design, the Parthenon served

multiple purposes over time, including as a meeting center, bank, art gallery, library, and even

Spartan barracks. It featured a two-cell design, one of which housed a treasury containing wealth

from various regions. The Parthenon, situated on the Acropolis or hillside fortress, is renowned

for its geometric perfection.

The Pantheon, also admired for its geometric precision, was constructed to honor all Roman

gods. Its name originates from the Greek words "Pan" meaning every, and "Thaos" meaning god

(Mr. Burgher, 2020, 8:26). The identity of the architect remains uncertain, though some

speculate it could be Apollodorus of Damascus. The structure showcases numerous arches,

including a massive dome with classical Greek influences. The Pantheon has endured over the

centuries due to its innovative use of materials such as concrete, marble, granite, and brick.

Originally, it featured a grand courtyard and steps leading up to the structure, though these have
not survived. Inside the dome, the central oculus serves as the sole source of light and

symbolizes the heavens.

Next, I would like to compare the two structures, examining their similarities and differences.

One commonality is the geometric perfection found throughout both buildings, encompassing the

pediment, frieze, and columns. However, the Parthenon's columns are composed of multiple

segments, while the Pantheon's columns consist of single solid pillars. Additionally, the

Parthenon's columns embody a more feminine design, reflecting its dedication to the goddess

Athena. Both buildings were originally constructed to honor deities and represent power and

strength.

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, this essay has examined the use, style, and function of each building in its

respective cultural context. Both structures were initially holy temples dedicated to the gods,

serving as places of worship, gathering, and community bonding. The architectural style of both

buildings showcases classical Greek influence.

Word count: 418

Reference

History.com Editors. (2021, April 27). Parthenon. HISTORY.

https://www.history.com/topics/ancient-greece/parthenon

Mr.Burgher. (2020, June 4). Art 101: Parthenon vs. Pantheon [Video]. YouTube.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KSnrqBQ-IBo

Ranogajec, P. A. (2015). The Pantheon. Smarthistory. Retrieved 2022, from

https://smarthistory.org/the-pantheon