EE30EE(2018)-Feedback and Control System

Transfer Function
Lecture No. 2

Transfer Function Definition

The Transfer Function of a system is defined as

Desired Output in s-domain

Transfer Function =
Desired Input in s-domain
The transfer function of a system can be represented as a block diagram, with the input on the left, the
output on the right, and the system transfer function inside the block.

Types of Systems

1. SISO - Single Input Single Output

2. MIMO - Multiple Input Multiple Output

Electrical Network Transfer Function

The item summarizes the three basic electrical passive elements and their impedance in frequency-domain
(s-domain).

1. Resistor

In t-domain:

R i (t)
R
+ −
vR (t)

vR (t) = iR (t)R
vR (t)
R=
iR (t)

In s-domain:

R I (s)
R
+ −
VR (s)

VR (s) = L{iR (t)R}

VR (s) = R L{iR (t)}
VR (s) = RIR (s)
VR (s)
=R
IR (s)
VR (s)
Z=
IR (s)
Z=R
2. Inductor

In t-domain:

L i (t)
L
+ −
vL (t)

diL (t)
vL (t) = L
dt
In s-domain:

Ls I (s)
L
+ −
VL (s)

diL (t)
VL (s) = L{L }
dt
diL (t)
VL (s) = L L{ }
dt
VL (s) = LsIL (s) − iL (0) ; iL (0) = 0
VL (s) = LsIL (s)
VL (s)
d = Ls
IL (s)
VL (s)
Z=d
IL (s)
Z = Ls
3. Capacitor

In t-domain:

C
iC (t)
+ −
vC (t)

Z t
1
vC (t) = iC (τ ) dτ
C 0

In s-domain:

1
CsiC (t)
+ −
vC (t)

1 t
Z
VC (s) = L{ iC (τ ) dτ }
C 0
1 t
Z
VC (s) = L{d iC (τ ) dτ }
C 0
Z t
1
VC (s) = L{ iC (τ ) dτ }
C 0
1 IC (s)
VC (s) =
C s
VC (s) 1
=
IC (s) Cs
VC (s)
Z=
IC (s)
1
Z=
Cs
The Transfer Function of a given system is not distinct. To illustrate, consider the system below.

Example

1. Find the transfer function,

VL (s)
F (s) =
Vi (s)
for the electrical circuit shown below.

2H 3H
+ −
vL (t)
+ 1Ω 0.5F
vi (t)
−

Circuit in t-domain:

2H 3H
+ −
vL (t)
+ 1Ω 0.5F
vi (t)
−

Circuit in s-domain:

2s 3s
+ −
VL (s)
+ 1
Vi (s) 1
− i1 i2 0.5s
2. Find the transfer function,

VC (s)
G(s) =
Vi (s)
for the electrical circuit shown below.

2H 3H

+
+ 1Ω 0.5F
vi (t) vC (t)
−
−

Circuit in t-domain:

2H 3H

+
+ 1Ω 0.5F
vi (t) vC (t)
−
−

Circuit in s-domain:

2s 3s

+
+ 1
Vi (s) 1 VC (s)
− i1 i2 0.5s
−
3. Find the transfer function,

I(s)
G(s) =
Vi (s)
for the electrical circuit shown below.

2H 3H i(t)

+ 1Ω 0.5F
vi (t)
−

Circuit in t-domain:

2H 3H i(t)

+ 1Ω 0.5F
vi (t)
−

Circuit in s-domain:

2s 3s I2 (s)

+ 1
Vi (s) 1
− i1 i2 0.5s
4. Find the transfer function,

VL (s)
G(s) =
Vi (s)
for the electrical circuit shown below.

2H 2H i(t)
+ −
vL (t)
+ 2Ω 2Ω
vi (t)
−

Circuit in t-domain:

2H 2H i(t)
+ −
vL (t)
+ 2Ω 2Ω
vi (t)
−

Circuit in s-domain:

2H 2H i(t)
+ −
VL (s)
+ 2Ω 2Ω
vi (t)
−