NEWTON’S SECOND LAW OF MOTION

Newton’s second law can be stated as

follows:

If the resultant force acting on a particle is

not zero, the particle will have an
acceleration proportional to the
magnitude of the resultant and in the
direction of this resultant force.
The constant value obtained for the ratio of the magnitudes
of the forces and accelerations is a characteristic of the
particle under consideration; it is called the mass of the
particle and is denoted by m. When a particle of mass m is
acted upon by a force F, the force F and the acceleration
a of the particle must therefore satisfy the relation.

F= =

When a particle is subjected simultaneously to several forces, should be replaced by

F=
UNIT OF MEASUREMENT
In this system, the base units are the units of length, mass, and time,
and are called, respectively, the meter (m), the kilogram (kg), and
the second (s). All three are arbitrarily defined The unit of force is a
derived unit. It is called the newton (N) and is defined as the force
which gives an acceleration of 1 m/s2 to a mass of 1 kg.
EQUATIONS OF MOTION

Consider a particle of mass m acted upon by several forces.

F=

DYNAMIC OF EQUILIBRIUM F− =0
SAMPLE PROBLEM
1. The casting has a mass of 3 Mg. Suspended in a vertical
position and initially at rest, it is given an upward speed of
200 mm/s in 0.3 s using a crane hook H. Determine the
tension in cables AC and AB during this time interval if the
acceleration is constant.

ANS; 18.1 kN
2. A 200-lb block rests on a horizontal plane. Find the
magnitude of the force P required to give the block
an acceleration of 10 ft/s2 to the right. The
coefficient of kinetic friction between the block and
the plane is k = 0.25.
3. The 160-Mg train travels with a speed of 80 km/h
when it starts to climb the slope. If the engine exerts
a traction force F of 1/20 of the weight of the train
and the rolling resistance FD is equal to 1/500 of the
weight of the train, determine the deceleration of
the train. ANS : a = - 0.5057 m/s2
4. The van is traveling at 20 km h when the coupling
of the trailer at A fails. If the trailer has a mass of 250
kg and coasts 45 m before coming to rest,
determine the constant horizontal force F created
by rolling friction which causes the trailer to stop.

ANS: 85.7 N
5. Each of the three barges has a mass of 30 Mg, whereas the
tugboat has a mass of 12 Mg. As the barges are being pulled
forward with a constant velocity of 4 m/s, the tugboat must
overcome the frictional resistance of the water, which is 2 kN for
each barge and 1.5 kN for the tugboat. If the cable between A
and B breaks, determine the acceleration of the tugboat.
Ans: a= 0.0278 m/s2
6.The crate has a mass of 80 kg and is being towed by
a chain which is always directed at 20° from the horizontal
as shown. If the magnitude of P is increased until the crate
begins to slide, determine the crate’s initial acceleration if
the coefficient of static friction is = 0.5 and the
coefficient of kinetic friction is . k = 0.3.
Ans; a = 1.66 m/s2