9 Ionic Equilibrium

Question:

NEET 2023 Manipur

Answer: C

Explanation

Question: An acidic buffer is prepared by mixing :

NEET 2023 Manipur

Answer: A

Explanation
Acidic buffer is prepared by mixing weak acid and its salt with strong base.
 2022
MCQ (Single Correct Answer)

Q.1. 0.01 M acetic acid solution is 1% ionised, then pH of this acetic acid
solution is :

NEET 2022 Phase 2

Ans. (D)
Explanation

Q.2. KH value for some gases at the same temperature 'T' are given :
where KH is Henry's Law constant in water. The order of their solubility in
water is :

NEET 2022 Phase 2

Ans. (B)
Explanation
According to Henry's Law,

p = KHx

Where 'p' is partial pressure of gas in vapour phase.

KH is Henry's Law constant.

'x' is mole fraction of gas in liquid.

Higher the value of KH at a given pressure, lower is the solubility of the gas
in the liquid.

∴ Solubility : Ar < CO2 < CH4 < HCHO

Q.3. Kp for the following reaction is 3.0 at 1000 K.

CO2(g) + C(s) ⇌ 2CO(g)

What will be the value of Kc for the reaction at the same temperature?

(Given : R = 0.083 L bar K−1 mol−1)

NEET 2022 Phase 2

Ans. (C)
Explanation
Q.4. The pH of the solution containing 50 mL each of 0.10 M sodium
acetate and 0.01 M acetic acid is [Given pKa of CH3COOH = 4.57]

NEET 2022 Phase 1

Ans. (A)
Explanation
Image

It is a mixture of weak acid and salt of its conjugate base. Hence it is acidic
buffer.

Q.5. 3O2(g) ⇌ 2O3(g)

for the above reaction at 298 K, Kc is found to be 3.0 × 10−59. If the
concentration of O2 at equilibrium is 0.040 M then concentration of O3 in M
is
NEET 2022 Phase 1

Ans. (A)
Explanation
TOPIC 1 Ans. (c) Eq. (i) divide by Eq. (ii)
Y + Z Kp α2 × p
Ostwald’s Dilution Law In equation, X 3 1
= 2 1
Initial moles 1 0 0 Kp 4α × p2
2
01 The percentage of pyridine (C 5H5N) At equil. ( 1 − α) α α
9 p1
where,α = degree of dissociation =
that forms pyridinium ion 1 4p2
Total number of moles
(C 5H5N + H) in a 0.10M aqueous p1 36
= 1 − α + α + α = (1 + α) = = 36 : 1
pyridine solution (K b for p2 1
 1−α
C 5H5N = 1.7 × 10 −9 ) is pX =   p1
[NEET 2016, Phase II]  1+ α
 α 
03 The dissociation equilibrium of a
(a) 0.0060% (b) 0.013% pY =   p1 gas AB2 can be represented as
(c) 0.77% (d) 1.6%  1+ α
Ans. (b) α 2 AB2 (g) 2 AB(g) + B2 (g)
3
pZ = p1
The percentage of pyridine can be equal (1 − α) The degree of dissociation is x and
to the percentage of dissociation of  α   α  is small compared to 1. The
pyridinium ion and pyridine solution as   p1 ×   p1 expression relating the degree of
[pY ][pZ ]  1 + α  1 + α
shown below: K p1 = = dissociation (x) with equilibrium
[pX ]  1−α
  p1 constantK p and total pressure p is
+ H 2O +OH
–  1 + α [CBSE AIPMT 2008]
r
N N  α 
2
(a) (2K p / p) (b) (2 K p / p) 1/ 3
H   p1 (c) (2 K p / p) 1/2 (d) (K p / p)
 1 + α
As pyridinium is a weak base, so degree = …(i) Ans. (b)
of dissociation is given as  1−α
 
Kb 1. 7 × 10 −9  1 + α 2 AB2 (g) 3 2 AB (g) + B2 (g)
α= =
C 0 . 10 For equation, A 2B 3 Initial 1 0 0
= 1. 7 × 10 −8
= 1.3 × 10 −4 Initial moles 1 0 moles
At equil. (1 − α) 2α At equil. 2 ( 1 − x) 2x x
or, percentage of dissociation Total number of moles at equilibrium
= (α × 100)% where, x = degree of dissociation
= (1 + α)
= (1.3 × 10 −4 ) × 100 = 0 .013% Total moles at equilibrium
 2α 
pB =   p2 = 2 − 2x + 2 x + x = (2 + x)
 1 + α 2 (1 − x) p 2x p
02 The values of Kp and K p for the So, pAB = , pAB =
1 2  1−α 2
(2 + x) (2 + x)
reactions pA =   p2
 1 + α xp
pB =
X3 Y +Z …(i) 2 2
(2 + x)
  2α  
and A3 2B …(ii)   p2  2
[p ] 2
 1 + α   2x p    x  
= B =    p
are in ratio of 9 : 1. If degree of (pAB) (pB )  2 + x    2 + x  
Kp 2
2 [pA ]  1−α  
dissociation of X and A be equal,   p2 Kp = 2
=
 1 + α (pAB )2   2 (1 − x)  
2
then total pressure at equilibrium
  p
2
2
(i) and (ii) are in the ratio  2α 
  p2   (2 + x)  
[CBSE AIPMT 2008]  1 + α 4x 3p3 (2 + x)2 x 3p
K p2 = …(ii) = × =
(a) 3 :1 (b) 1 :9  1−α
  (2 + x) 3
p 4(1 − x)
2 2
(2 + x)(1 − x)2
(c) 36 :1 (d) 1 :1
 1 + α
 x 3p 06 Ionisation constant of CH3COOH is Ans. (b)
= [Q x <<< 1
2
1/ 3 1. 7 × 10 −5 and concentration of H+ An acid on losing a proton produces a
 2K p  so, (1 − x) ≈ 1 species which has the tendency to
and 2 x=  ions is 3.4 × 10 −4 . Then, find out accept H+ .
 p  (2 + x) ≈ 2
initial concentration of CH3COOH It is called conjugate base of that acid.
molecules. [CBSE AIPMT 2001] −
04 A weak acid, HA, has a K a of H2O - OH + H+ ,
(a) 3 .4 × 10−4 (b) 3 .4 × 10−3 Conjugate
1.00 × 10 −5 . If 0.100 mole of this acid
Acid
(c) 6 .8 × 10−4 (d) 6 .8 × 10−3
base

is dissolved in one litre of water, Ans. (a) HF - F − + H+

Acid Conjugate
the percentage of acid dissociated CH3COOH 3 CH3COO– + H+ base
at equilibrium is closest to [CH3COO– ] [H+ ] Water (H2O) is amphoteric in nature and
[CBSE AIPMT 2007] Ka =
[CH3COOH] thus act both as an acid and base. e.g.
(a) 99.0% (b) 1.00% HF + H2O - F− + H3O+
Given that, [CH3COO– ] = [H+ ] = 3.4 × 10 –4 M
(c) 99.9% (d) 0.100% Acid
Base
Conjugate Conjugate
K a for CH3COOH = 1.7 × 10 –5 base acid
Ans. (b)
HA 3 H+ + A − CH3COOH is weak acid, so in it
[CH3COOH] is equal to initial 09 Which of the following
At equilibrium [H+ = A − ] fluoro-compounds is most likely to
concentration. Hence,
[H+][ A – ] [H+]2
Ka = = (3.4 × 10 −4 ) (3.4 × 10 −4 ) behave as a Lewis base?
[HA] [HA] 1.7 × 10 −5 = [NEET 2016, Phase II]
[CH3COOH]
[H+ ] = K a [HA] = 1 × 10 −5 × 0.1 3.4 × 10 × 3.4 × 10
–4 –4 (a) BF3 (b) PF3
[CH3COOH] = (c) CF4 (d) SiF4
−6 −3
= 1 × 10 = 1 × 10 1.7 × 10 –5
Ans. (b)
Actual ionisation = 6.8 × 10 −3M
α= Key Idea The molecule with lone pair at
Molar concentration centre atom, will behave as Lewis base.
10 −3 TOPIC 2
= = 10 −2 In the given molecules, onlyPF3 has lone
0.1 pair at P as shown below:
% of acid dissociated = 10 −2 × 1.00
Acid Base Concepts
= 1% = 100%
07 Which of the following cannot act
05 At 25°C, the dissociation constant both as Bronsted acid and as
of a base, BOH is 1.0 × 10 −12 . The Bronsted base?
[NEET (Odisha) 2019] Thus, PF3 acts as a Lewis base
concentration of hydroxyl ions in (electron-pair donor) due to presence of
(a) HCO −3 (b) NH3 (c) HCl (d) HSO −4
0.01 M aqueous solution of the base lone pair on P-atom.
Ans. (c)
would be [CBSE AIPMT 2005]
Key Idea Bronsted acid is a substance 10 Which is the strongest acid in the
(a) 2.0 × 10–6 mol L–1
which has a tendency to donate proton. following?
(b) 1.0 × 10–5 mol L–1 Bronsted base is a substance which has
[NEET 2013]
(c) 1.0 × 10–6 mol L–1 a tendency to accept proton. (a) H2 SO 4 (b) HClO 3
(d) 1.0 × 10–7 mol L–1 (c) HClO 4 (d) H2 SO 3
HCl can act as Bronsted acid becuase it
Ans. (d) can only donate proton. Ans. (c)
Base, BOH is dissociated as follows HCl + H2O - H3O+ + Cl − The strength of oxyacids can also be
Acid Base decided with the help of the oxidation
BOH 3 B + + OH–
The remaining options contains number of central atom. Higher the
So, the dissociation constant of BOH oxidation number of central atom, more
substances which act both as Bronsted
base acidic is the oxyacid.
acid and Bronsted base.
[B + ] [OH– ] +6 +5 +7 +4
Kb = …(i) HCO–3 + HCO–3 - H2 CO3 + CO23– H2SO4 , HClO3, HClO4 , H2SO3
[OH]
NH3 + NH3 - NH4+ + NH2−
At equilibrium [B + ] = [OH– ] – –
Order of acidic nature
HSO4 + HSO4 - H2SO4 + SO24–
[OH– ] 2 HClO4 > H2SO4 > HClO3 > H2SO3
∴ Kb = Thus, option (c) is correct.
Since, inHClO4 , oxidation number of Cl is
[BOH]
08 Conjugate base for Bronsted acids highest, so,HClO4 is the strongest acid
Given that K b = 1.0 × 10 −12 among the given acids.
and [BOH] = 0.01 M H2O and HF are
[NEET (National) 2019]
[OH– ] 2 11 Which of these is least likely to act
Thus, 1.0 × 10 –12 = (a) H3O + and F − , respectively
0.01 as a Lewis base? [NEET 2013]
(b) OH− and F − , respectively
[OH– ]2 = 1 × 10 –14
(c) H3O + and H2F + , respectively (a) CO (b) F −
[OH– ] = 1.0 × 10 –7 mol L–1 (c) BF3 (d) PF3
(d) OH− and H2F + , respectively
 Ans. (c) CH3COOH is weak acid while NaOH is Ans. (a)
Electron rich species are called Lewis strong base, so one equivalent of NaOH On hydrolysis sodium borate form
base. Among the given,BF3 is an cannot be neutralised with one sodium hydroxide and boric acid, so the
electron deficient species, so have a equivalent of CH3COOH. Hence, one solution will show basic character
capacity of electron accepting instead of equivalent of each does not have pH because sodium hydroxide is strong
donating. That’s why it is least likely to value 7. As the NaOH is a strong base, base and boric acid is weak acid. While
act as a Lewis base. It is a Lewis acid. the solution will be basic having a pH solution of sodium sulphate is neutral
more than 7. and that of NH4 Cl and calcium nitrate is
12 Which of the following is electron acidic.
deficient? [NEET 2013]
15 The conjugate acid of NH2− is
(a) (CH3)2 (b) (SiH3)2 [CBSE AIPMT 2000] 19 Aqueous solution of acetic acid
(c) (BH3)2 (d) PH3 (a) N2H4 (b) NH4+ contains [CBSE AIPMT 1991]

Ans. (c)
(c) NH2OH (d) NH3 (a) CH3COO – and H+
Ans. (d) (b) CH3COO –,H3O + and CH3COOH
Boron is an element of 13 group and
The species formed after adding a (c) CH3COO –, H3O + and H+
contains three electrons in its valence
shell. When its compoundBH3 dimerises, proton to the base is known as (d) CH3COOH,CH3COO – and H+
each boron atom carry only 6 electrons conjugate acid of the base and the Ans. (b)
that is their octet is incomplete. Hence, species formed after losing a proton is
known as conjugate base of acid. So, The aqueous solution of acetic acid
(BH3)2 is an electron deficient ionise as follows:
compound. NH2– + H+ → NH3
Conjugate acid H2O+ CH3COOH ! CH3COO– +H3O+
In all other given molecules octet of Base
Base Acid
central atom is complete. 16 The strongest conjugate base is
[CBSE AIPMT 1999] So, the aqueous solution of acetic acid
contains CH3COO– , H3O+ and CH3COOH.
13 Which of the following molecules (a) NO –3 (b) Cl–
acts as a Lewis acid? (c) SO2–
4 (d) CH3COO –
[CBSE AIPMT 2009] Ans. (d) TOPIC 3
(a) (CH3) 3B (b) (CH3)2 O Weak acid forms strong conjugate base. Solubility Product and
(c) (CH3) 3P (d) (CH3) 3N In HNO3 , HCl, H2SO4 and CH3COOH ,
CH3COOH is weakest acid, so its Common Ion Effect
Ans. (a)
conjugate base is strongest.
CH3
CH3COOH 3 CH3COO– + H+ 20 Find out the solubility of Ni(OH) 2 in
ו ••×
CH3 ו B CH3 ו O • CH3 0.1 M NaOH. Given, that the ionic
••
ו
CH3 Complete octet and 17 The hydride ion H− is stronger base product of Ni(OH) 2 is 2 × 10 −15 .
presence of lp of e – than its hydroxide ion OH− . Which [NEET (Sep.) 2020]
Incomplete (Lewis base)
octet of the following reactions will occur (a) 2 × 10−8 M (b) 1 × 10−13 M
(Lewis acid) if sodium hydride (NaH) is dissolved (c) 1 × 108 M (d) 2 × 10−13 M
CH3 CH3 in water?
•× ו Ans. (d)
CH3 ו P •• CH3 •× N •• [CBSE AIPMT 1997]
ו NaOH(aq) → Na+ (aq) + OH− (aq)
CH3
•×
CH3 (a) 2H– (aq) + H2O(l ) → H2O + H2 + 2 e – (0. 1 M ) (0. 1 M)
(b) H– (aq) + H2O (l ) → OH– + H2
complete octet complete octet
(c) H– + H2O (l ) → No reaction Ni(OH)2 (s ) w Ni (aq) + 2OH− (aq)
2+
and presence and presence S′ 0.1 + 2S ′
of lp of e – of lp of e – (d) None of the above
(Lewis base) (Lewis base)
Ans. (b) Ionic product = (S ′) (0.1 + 2S ′)2 (Q2S ′ is
very small)
Sodium hydride dissolved in water as
14 Which of the following statements 2 × 10 −15 = S ′ (0.1)2
NaH +H2O → NaOH + H2
about pH and H + ion concentration S ′ = 2 × 10 −13 M
or H− (aq) +H2O(l ) → OH– + H2 ↑
is incorrect? [CBSE AIPMT 2000]
In the above reaction hydride ion take
(a) Addition of one drop of
proton from water molecule and
21 The molar solubility of CaF2 (
concentrated HCl in NH4 OH solution
decreases pH of the solution
hydrogen gas is evolved. K sp = 5.3 × 10 −11 ) in 0.1 M solution of
(b) A solution of the mixture of one NaF will be [NEET (Odisha) 2019]
equivalent of each of CH3COOH and 18 0.1M solution of which one of these (a) 5.3 × 1011 mol L −1
NaOH has a pH of 7 substances will be basic? (b) 5.3 × 10−8 mol L −1
(c) pH of pure neutral water is not zero [CBSE AIPMT 1992]
(c) 5.3 × 10−9 mol L −1
(d) A cold and concentratedH2SO4 has (a) Sodium borate . × 10 −10 mol L −1
(d) 53
lowerH+ ion concentration than a (b) Calcium nitrate
dilute solution ofH2SO4
Ans. (c)
(c) NH4Cl
Ans. (b) Let the solubility of CaF2 in 0.1 M NaF is
(d) Sodium sulphate
‘S’ mol L −1
 CaF2 (s ) - Ca2 + (aq) + 2F − (aq) Solubility product (K sp ) = [A y + ] x [B x − ] y NaCl(aq ) → Na+ (aq ) + Cl – (aq )
S 2S For BaSO4 (binary solute giving two ions) 0.1 M 0 0
0 0.1M 0.1+s
NaF (aq) - Na+ + F − (aq) BaSO4 (s ) r Ba2 + (aq) + SO24− (aq)
AgCl(s ) q Ag + (aq ) + Cl – (aq )
[F ] = 2 S + 0.1 1 M 0. 1 M
− 0. S S s s+0.1
K sp of CaF2 = [Ca2 + ] [F − ]2 ∴ K sp = [Ba2 + ] [SO24− ] = (S ) (S ) = S 2 …(i)
Given, K sp = 1.6 × 10 −10 = [Ag + ][Cl − ]
= [S ] [2S + 0.1]2 [where, S =
Solubility] or 1.6 × 10 −10 = s (0 . 1 + s ) = 0.1 s + s 2
= 53 . × 10 −11 = [S ] [2 S + 0. 1]2
−11 Given, S = 2.42 × 10 −3 gL−1 Q K sp is small, so s is very less in
⇒ . × 10 = [S ] [0. 1]2 [Q2S << 0.1 ]
53 comparison with 0.1. Hence, s 2 can be
Molar mass of BaSO4 = 233 g mol −1
. × 10 −11
53
[S ] = = 5.3 × 10 −9 mol L−1 ∴Solubility of BaSO4
neglected.
(0. 1)2 Thus, 1.6 × 10 −10 = 0 . 1 s
2.42 × 10 −3
(S ) = mol L−1 or s = 1.6 × 10 −9 M
22 pH of a saturated solution of 233
Ca(OH) 2 is 9. The solubility product = 1.04 × 10 −5 mol L−1 26 MY and NY 3 , two nearly insoluble
(K sp ) of Ca(OH) 2 is On substituting the value of S in Eq. (i), salts, have the same K sp values of
[NEET (National) 2019] we get 6.2 × 10 −13 at room temperature.
. × 10−10
(a) 025 (b) 0125
. × 10−15 K sp = (1.04 × 10 −5 mol L−1)2 Which statement would be true in
. × 10−10
(c) 05 . × 10−15
(d) 05 = 1.08 × 10 −10 mol2 L−2 regard to MY and NY 3 ?
[NEET 2016, Phase I]
Ans. (d)
For the reaction,
24 Concentration of the Ag + ions in a (a) The molar solubility of MY in water is
less than that of NY 3.
− saturated solution of Ag 2C 2O 4 is
Ca(OH)2 (s ) - Ca2 + (aq) + 2OH(aq) (b) The salts MY and NY 3 are more
S 2S 2.2 × 10 −4 mol −1 solubility product soluble in 0.5M KY than in pure water
[where, S = solubility] of Ag 2C 2O 4 is [NEET 2017] (c) The addition of the salt of KY to
K sp = [Ca2 + ] [OH− ]2 = S (2 S )2 … (i) (a) 2.42 × 10−8 (b) 2.66 × 10−12 solution of MY and NY 3 will have no
Given, pH = 9 effect on their solubilities
(c) 4.5 × 10−11 (d) 5.3 × 10−12
(d) The molar solubilities of MY and NY 3
We know that, pH + pOH = 14 Ans. (d) in water are identical.
∴ pOH = 14 − 9 = 5 Key concept For a sparingly soluble salt,
− Ans. (a)
pOH = − log[OH] if S is the molar solubility,
For MY, MY r M+ + Y −
− Ax B y (s ) + H2O q xA y + + yB x − 0 S S
5 = − log [OH] where, s = solubility andK sp = solubility
At saturation,
or, [OH− ] = 10 − 5 K [Ax B y ] = [A y + ] x × [B x − ] y = [xS ] x [yS ] y
product.
∴ K sp = [M+ ] [Y − ] = S 2
From above equation, or K sp = x y . y y S x + y
− S = K sp = 6.2 × 10 −13 = 7.874 × 10 −7
[OH] = 2 S = 10 − 5 Where, the constantK sp is called
solubility product. Similarly, for NY3,
10 −5 Ag2 C2O4 ( s ) q 2Ag + + C2O24−
∴ S= NY3 r N + + 3Y −
2 2S S 0 S 3S
On substituting the value of ‘S’ in eqn. (i), K sp = [Ag + ]2 [C2O24− ] = [2S ]2 [S ] ∴ K sp = [N + ] [Y − ] 3 = s × (3s ) 3
we get Given, 2S = 22 . × 10 −4 or S = 1.1 × 10 −4 M K sp = 27 S 4
3
 10 −5  ∴ . × 10 −4 ]2 [1.1 × 10 −4 ]
K sp = [22 K sp 6.2 × 10 −13
K sp = 4S 3 = 4   = 0.5 × 10 − 15 ∴ s =4 =4 = 3.89 × 10 −4
 2  . × 10 −12
= 53 27 27
 
Therefore, molar solubility of MY in water
23 The solubility of BaSO 4 in water is 25 The solubility of AgCl(s) with is less than that ofNY3.
solubility product 1.6 × 10 −10 in 0.1 M
2.42 × 10 −3 g L−1 at 298 K. The 27 The K sp of Ag 2CrO 4, AgCl, AgBr
NaCl solution would be
value of its solubility product (K sp ) [NEET 2016, Phase II]
will be and AgI are respectively,
(a) 1.26 × 10−5 M (b) 1. 6 × 10−9 M 1.1 × 10–12 , 1.8 × 10 −10 , 5.0 × 10 −13 ,
(Given molar mass of BaSO 4 = 233 (c) 1. 6 × 10−11 M (d) zero 8.3 × 10 −17 . Which one of the
g mol −1 ) [NEET 2018]
Ans. (b) following salts will precipitate last
(a) 1.08 × 10−14 mol2L−2
(b) 1.08 × 10−12 mol2L−2 Key Idea As solubility of AgCl(s) is asked if AgNO 3 solution is added to the
(c) 1.08 × 10−10 mol2L−2
in 0.1 M NaCl solution, so in the solution containing equal moles of
calculation, solubility of Cl – (from NaCl)
(d) 1.08 × 10−8 mol2L−2 must be added to the solubility of
NaCl,NaBr,NaI and Na 2CrO 4 ?
Ans. (c) Cl – (from AgCl). [CBSE AIPMT 2015]

For a general reaction, Let s be the solubility of Ag + and Cl – in (a) AgI (b) AgCI
y+ x− AgCl before the addition of NaCl. (c) AgBr (d) Ag2CrO 4
Ax B y r xA + yB
 Ans. (d) Ans. (c) 32 Solubility of a M 2 S type salt is
Ag2 CrO4 s 2Ag + + CrO24− AX2 is ionised as follows 3. 5 × 10 −6 , then find out its
Solubility product A X2 3 A2 + + 2 X – solubility product.
K sp = (2s )2 × S = 4s 3 S mol L–1 S 2S [CBSE AIPMT 2001]
K sp = (1.1 × 10 −12 ) (given) Solubility product of A X2 , (a) 1. 7 × 10−6 (b) 1. 7 × 10−16
K K sp = [A2 + ] [X − ]2 (c) 1. 7 × 10−18 (d) 1. 7 × 10−12
S = 3 sp = 0 .65 × 10 − 4
4 = S × (2 S )2 = 4S 3 Ans. (b)
−
AgCl s Ag + Cl
+
Q K sp of A X2 = 3.2 × 10 − 11 Solubility of M2 S salt is 3.5 × 10 – 6 M
K sp = S × S (K sp = 1. 8 × 10 −10 ) ∴ 3 .2 × 10 − 11 = 4S 3 M2 S 2 M+ + S 2–
3
S = K sp = 1.34 × 10 −5 S 3 = 0.8 × 10 −11 3.5 × 10 –6 M 2 × 3. 5 × 10– 6 M 3.5 × 10 –6 M
−12
AgBr s Ag + + Br − = 8 × 10 (on 100% ionisation)
K sp = S × S (K sp = 5 × 10 −13) Solubility = 2 × 10 − 4 mol/L ∴ K sp (solubility product of M2 S )
S = K sp = 0.71 × 10 − 6 = [M+] 2 [S 2– ]
30 The solubility product of AgI at =(7.0 × 10 –6 )2 (3.5 × 10 –6 )
AgI s Ag + + I−
K sp = S × S (K sp = 83 . × 10 −17 )
25°C is 1.0 × 10 −16 mol 2 L−2 . The = 171. 5 × 10 –18
S = K sp = 0.9 × 10 −8 solubility of AgI in 10 −4 N solution = 1. 71 × 10 –16 [M] 3
Q Solubility of Ag2 CrO4 is highest.
of KI at 25°C is approximately
So, it will precipitate last.
(in mol L−1 ) [CBSE AIPMT 2003] 33 The solubility of a saturated
(a) 1 .0 × 10−10 solution of calcium fluoride is
28 H2S gas when passed through a (b) 1 .0 × 10−8 2 × 10–4 mol/L. Its solubility
solution of cations containing HCl (c) 1 .0 × 10−16 product is [CBSE AIPMT 1999]
(d) 1 .0 × 10−12 (a) 12 × 10–2 (b) 14 × 10–4
precipitates the cations of second
Ans. (d) (c) 22 × 10–11 (d) 32 × 10–12
group in qualitative analysis but not
AgI → Ag + + I– Ans. (d)
those belonging to the fourth 2+
group. It is because For binary electrolyte CaF2 3 Ca + 2F –
2 × 10 –4
M 2 × 10 –4 M 2 × 2 × 10 –4 M
[CBSE AIPMT 2005] K sp = S 2
(a) presence of HCl decreases the where, S = solubility in mol/L K sp of CaF2 = [Ca2 + ] [F – ]2
sulphide ion concentration 1.0 × 10 –16 =S 2 = [2 × 10 –4 ] [4 × 10 –4 ]2
(b) presence of HCl increases the = 32 × 10 –12 (mol/L)2
or S =1 × 10 −8 mol/L
sulphide ion concentration
(c) solubility product of group II Normality of KI solutiuon = 10 −4 N
34 Which of the following is most
sulphides is more than that of group Here change is one
soluble? [CBSE AIPMT 1994]
IV sulphides ∴ M = 10 −4 M [n = 1]
(a) Bi2 S3 (K sp = 1 × 10−70)
(d) sulphides of group IV cations are or S for KI solution = 10 −4 M
unstable in HCl (b) MnS (K sp = 7 × 10−16 )
Solubility of AgI in K I solution
Ans. (a) (c) CuS (K sp = 8 × 10−37 )
= 1 × 10 –8 × 10 – 4 (d) Ag2 S (K sp = 6 × 10−51)
In qualitative analysis of cations of = 1 × 10 –12 mol /L
second group H2S gas is passed in Ans. (b)
presence of HCl, therefore due to 31 Solubility of MX 2 type electrolytes Higher the value of solubility product,
common ion effect, lower concentration
of sulphide ions is obtained which is is 0.5 × 10 −4 mol/L, then find out higher is its solubility. In all these
compounds the MnS is most soluble
sufficient for the precipitation of second K sp of electrolytes. because its solubility product is
group cations in the form of their [CBSE AIPMT 2002] maximum.
sulphides due to lower value of their (a) 5 × 10−12 (b) 25 × 10−10
solubility product (K sp ). Here, fourth (c) 1 × 10−13 (d) 5 × 10−13
group cations are not precipitated
35 In which of the following the
because it require more sulphide ions for Ans. (d) solubility of AgCl will be minimum?
exceeding their ionic product to their MX2 → M2 + [CBSE AIPMT 1993]
solubility products which is not obtained Solubility 0.5 × 10 – 4M 0.5 × 10 – 4M (a) 0.1 M NaNO 3
here due to common ion effect. (b) Water
+ 2X –
2 × 0.5 × 10 –4M (c) 0.1 M NaCl
29 The solubility product of a sparingly (d) 0.1 M NaBr
soluble salt AX 2 is 3.2 × 10 − 11 . Its (on 100% ionisation)
∴ K sp of MX2 = [M2 + ] [X – ]2 Ans. (c)
solubility (in mol/L) is
[CBSE AIPMT 2004] = (0.5 × 10 – 4 ) (1.0 × 10 – 4 )2 In 0.1 M NaCl, the solubility of AgCl is
minimum due to the phenomenon of
(a) 5.6 × 10−6 (b) 3.1 × 10− 4 =0.5 × 10 –12
common ion effect.
(c) 2 × 10− 4 (d) 4 × 10− 4 = 5 × 10 –13 [M] 3
TOPIC 4 Let us consider all the options, pH of which one of them will be
(a) 100 mL of 0.1 M CH3COOH + 100 mL equal to 1? [NEET 2018]
pH, Buffer and Indicator of 0.1M NaOH (a) IV (b) I (c) II (d) III
CH3COOH + NaOH → CH3COONa + H2O
Ans.
36 The pK b of dimethyl amine and pK a Initial 100 mL × 100 mL × 0 mmol
M M
of acetic acid are 3.27 and 4.77 conc. 0.1 M 0.1 M 75 mL HCl + 25 mL NaOH
5 5
respectively atT(K). The correct =10mmol =10mmol
Milliequivalent of HCl
option for the pH of dimethyl Final conc. 0 0 10 mmol M 1
It is not basic buffer because hydrolysis = 75 mL of HCl = × 75 = 15
ammonium acetate solution is 5 5
[NEET 2021] of salt takes place and final solution Milliequivalent of NaOH
contains salt of weak acid with strong M
(a) 8.50 (b) 5.50 (c) 7.75 (d) 6.25
base only. = 25 mL of NaOH
Ans. (c) 5
Hence, option (a) is incorrect. 1
= × 25 = 5
Dimethyl ammonium acetate (b) 100 mL of 0.1 M HCl + 200 mL of 0.1 M 5
[CH3COONH2 (CH3)2 ] is a salt of weak acid NH4OH ∴ Milliequivalent of HCl left unused
(CH3COOH) and weak base [(CH3)2 NH].
HCl + NH4OH → NH4 Cl + H2O = 15 − 5 = 10
pH of dimethyl ammonium acetate salt
solution can be calculated using Initial conc. 100 mL× 200 mL × 0 mmol Volume of solution = 100 mL
formula : 0.1 M HCl 0.1 M ∴ Molarity of [H+ ] in the resulting mixture
1 =10 mmol =20mmol 10 1
pH = 7 + (pK a − pK b ) = =
2 Final conc. 0 10 mmol 10 mmol 100 10
pK a of acetic acid = 4.77 1
It is basic buffer because final solution ∴ pH = log + = log(10) = 1
pK b of dimethyl amine = 3.27 contains weak base and its salt with [H ]
1 strong acid. Hence, option (b) is correct.
pH = 7 + (4.77 − 3.27)
2 (c) 100 mL of 0.1 M HCl + 100 mL of 0.1 M 40 What is the pH of the resulting
1 NaOH solution when equal volumes of 0.1
pH = 7 + × 1.50
2 HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O M NaOH and 0.01 M HCl are mixed?
⇒ pH = 7 + 0.75 Initial conc. 100 mL 100 mL × 0 mmol [CBSE AIPMT 2015]
pH = 7.75 ×01
.M 0.1 M (a) 12.65 (b) 2.0 (c) 7.0 (d) 1.04
=10 mmol =10 mmol Ans. (a)
37 The pH of 0.01 M NaOH (aq) solution Final conc. 0 0 10 mmol Key Concept When equal volumes of
will be [NEET (Odisha) 2019] It is a neutral solution. Hence, option (c) acid and base are mixed, then resulting
(a) 7.01 (b) 2 is incorrect. solution become alkaline if concentration
(c) 12 (d) 9 (d) 50 mL of 0.1 M NaOH + 25mL of 0.1 M of base is taken high.
CH3COOH Let normality of the solution after mixing
Ans. (c)
0.1 M NaOH and 0.01 M HCl is N.
NaOH is a strong base, thus CH3COOH + NaOH → CH3COONa + H2O ∴ N 1V1 − N2V2 = NV
[OH− ] = 0.01M = 10 −2 M Initial 25mL 50mL or 0.1 × 1 − 0.01 × 1 = N × 2
0 mmol
pOH = − log [OH− ] conc. × 0.1 M × 0.1 M Since, normality of NaOH is more than
= − log(10 −2 ) = 2 =2 .5 mmol = 5mmol that of HCl.
We know that, pH + pOH = 14 Final conc. 0 2.5 mol 2.5 mmol Hence, the resulting solution is alkaline.
∴ pH = 14 − 2 = 12 It is basic solution. Hence, option (d) is or [OH] = N =
0.09
= 0.045 N
Thus, option (c) is correct. incorrect. 2
or pOH = − log (0.045) = 1.35
38 Which will make basic buffer? 39 Following solutions were prepared ∴ pH = 14 − pOH = 14 − 1.35 = 12.65
[NEET (National) 2019] by mixing different volumes of
(a) 100 mL of 0.1 M CH3COOH + 100 mL NaOH and HCl of different 41 Which one of the following pairs of
of 0.1 M NaOH
concentrations : solution is not an acidic buffer?
(b) 100 mL of 0.1 M HCl + 200 mL of 0.1 M [CBSE AIPMT 2015]
NH4OH
M M
I. 60 mL HCl + 40 mL NaOH (a) HClO 4 and NaClO 4
(c) 100 mL of 0.1 M HCl + 100 mL of 0.1 M 10 10
NaOH M M (b) CH3COOH and CH3COONa
(d) 50 mL of 0.1 M NaOH + 25 mL of 0.1 M II. 55 mL HCl + 45 mL NaOH (c) H2CO 3 and Na2CO 3
10 10
CH3COOH (d) H3 PO 4 and Na3 PO 4
M M
Ans. III. 75 mL HCl + 25mL NaOH Ans. (a)
Key idea A buffer solution having pH
5 5
Strong acid with its salt cannot form
more than 7 is known as basic buffer. It is M M
IV. 100 mL HCl + 100mL NaOH buffer solution. Hence,HClO4 and NaClO4
obtained by mixing weak base and its salt 10 10 is not an acidic buffer.
with strong acid in a fixed proportion.
42 pH of a saturated solution of 44 A buffer solution is prepared in K w = (H+ ) (OH− )
Ba(OH) 2 is 12. The value of which the concentration of NH3 is K w = 1 × 10 −14
K
solubility product K sp of Ba(OH) 2 is 0.30 M and the concentration of OH− = +ω
[CBSE AIPMT 2012] NH+4 is 0.20 M. If the equilibrium H
(a) 3.3 × 10−7 (b) 5.0 × 10−7 − 1 × 10 −14
constant, K b for NH3 equals and [OH ] =
(c) 4.0 × 10−6 (d) 5.0 × 10−6 1.8 × 10 −5 , what is the pH of this 1 × 10 −12
Ans. (b) [Q[H+ ] [OH− ] = 1 × 10 −14 ]
solution? (log 2.7 = 0.43)
Given, pH ofBa(OH)2 = 12 [CBSE AIPMT 2011] = 1 × 10 −2 mol/L
∴ pOH = 14 − pH (a) 9.43 (b) 11.72 (c) 8.73 (d) 9.08 Ba(OH)2 → Ba2 + + 2 OH−
= 14 − 12 = 2
S 2S
Ans. (a) 2+ − 2
We know that, [salt] K sp = [Ba ] [OH ] = [S ] [2 S ]2
pOH = −log[OH− ] pOH = pK b + log  1 × 10 −2 
[base] −2 2
=  (1 × 10 )
2 = − log[OH− ]
− =− log K b + log
[salt]  2 
[OH ] = antilog (−2) [base] = 0.5 × 10 −6 = 5.0 × 10 −6 M3
[OH− ] = 1 × 10 −2 0.20
= − log 1.8 × 10 −5 + log
Ba(OH)2 dissolves in water as 0.30 47 In a buffer solution containing
Ba2 + + 2OH− = 5 − 0.25 + (− 0.176)
Ba(OH)2 (s ) a S 2S
equal concentration of B − and H B,
S mol L−1 = 4. 75 − 0.176 = 4. 57 the K b for B − is 10 −10 . The pH of
− −2
∴ [OH ] = 2 S = 1 × 10 ∴ pH = 14 − 4.57 = 9.43 buffer solution is
[OH− ]
S= [Ba2 + = S ] [CBSE AIPMT 2010]
2 45 What is [H+ ] in mol/L of a solution (a) 10 (b) 7
2+ [OH− ] 1 × 10 −2 that is 0.20 M in CH3COONa and (c) 6 (d) 4
[Ba ] = =
2 2 0.10 M in CH3COOH ? Ans. (d)
K sp = [Ba2 + ] [OH− ]2 (K a for CH3COOH = 1.8 × 10 −5 ) Key Idea (i) For basic buffer,
 1 × 10 −2  [CBSE AIPMT 2010] [salt]
=   (1 × 10 −2 )2 pOH = pKb + log
 2  (a) 3.5 × 10−4 (b) 1.1 × 10−5 [base]
−5
= 0.5 × 10 −6 (c) 1.8 × 10 (d) 9.0 × 10−6 (ii) pH + pOH = 14
= 5 × 10 −7 Ans. (d) Given, K b = 1 × 10 −10 , [salt] = [base]
[salt]
Key Idea CH3COOH (weak acid) and pOH = − log K b + log
43 Buffer solutions have constant CH3COONa (conjugated salt) form acidic [base]
acidity and alkalinity because buffer and for acidic buffer, ∴ pOH = − log (1 × 10 −10 ) + log 1 = 10
[CBSE AIPMT 2012] [salt]
pH = pK a + log pH + pOH = 14
(a) these give unionised acid or base on [acid]
[Qconcentration of [B − ] = [HB]
reaction with added acid or alkali and [H+ ] = − antilog pH pH = 14 − 10 = 4
(b) acids and alkalies in these solutions [salt]
are shielded from attack by other pH = − log Ka + log
ions
[acid] 48 What is the [OH− ] in the final
(c) they have large excess ofH+ or OH− [QpK a = − log K a ] solution prepared by mixing 20.0
(0.20)
ions = − log (1.8 × 10 −5 ) + log mL of 0.050 M HCl with 30.0 mL of
(d) they have fixed value of pH (0.10)
0.10 M Ba(OH) 2 ?
Ans. (a) = 4.74 + log2 [CBSE AIPMT 2009]
If small amount of an acid or alkali is = 4.74 + 0.3010 = 5.041 (a) 0.10 M (b) 0.40 M
added to a buffer solution, it converts Now, [H+ ] = antilog (− 5.045) (c) 0.0050 M (d) 0.12 M
them into unionised acid or base. Thus, = 9.0 × 10 −6 mol/L Ans. (a)
its pH remains unaffected or in other
Number of milliequivalents of HCl
words its acidity/alkalinity remains 46 If pH of a saturated solution of
constant. e.g. = 20 × 0.050 × 1 = 1
Ba (OH) 2 is 12, the value of its K sp is Number of milliequivalents of Ba(OH)2
H3O+ + A − a H2O + HA [CBSE AIPMT 2010]
− = 2 × 30 × 0.10 = 6
OH + H A → H2O + A − (a) 4.00 × 10−6 M3 (b) 4.00 × 10−7 M3
If acid is added, it reacts with A − to form (c) 5.00 × 10−7 M3 (d) 5.00 × 10−6 M3 [OH− ] of final solution
undissociated H A. Similarly, if Milliequivalents of Ba(OH)2
Ans. (d)
base/alkali is added,OH− combines with – milliequivalents of HCl 6−1
H A to give H2O and A − and thus, Given, pH ofBa(OH)2 = 12 = =
Total volume 50
maintains the acidity/ alkalinity of buffer So, pOH = 2
solution. ∴ [H+ ] = [1 × 10 −12 ] = 0.1 M
49 Equal volumes of three acid So, in aqueous solution of 10 –8 M HCl, neutralisation of NaOH with H2O,H2S,
solutions of pH 3, 4 and 5 are mixed [H+ ] = [H+ ] of HCl + [H+ ] of water H2Se and H2Te.
in a vessel. What will be the H+ ion = 10 –8 + 10 –7 Na2O > Na2S > Na2Se > Na2Te
concentration in the mixture? = 11 × 10 –8 M ≈ 1.10 × 10 –7 M (Q pH of basic solution is higher than
acidic or least basic solution)
[CBSE AIPMT 2008]
(a) 1.11 × 10−4 M (b) 3.7 × 10−4 M 52 Which of the following pairs
54 The rapid change of pH near the
(c) 3.7 × 10−3 M (d) 1.11 × 10−3 M constitutes a buffer?
[CBSE AIPMT 2006] stoichiometric point of an acid
Ans. (b)
(a) HNO2 and NaNO2 base titration is the basis of
Let the volume of each acid = V indicator detection. pH of the
(b) NaOH and NaCl
pH of first, second and third acids = 3, 4 solution is related to ratio of the
(c) HNO 3 and NH4NO 3
and 5 respectively
(d) HCl and KCl concentrations of the conjugate
[H+ ] of first acid (M1) = 1 × 10 −3
Ans. (a) acid (HIn) and base (In − ) forms of
[Q H+ = 1 × 10 − pH ]
A pair constituent withHNO2 and NaNO2 the indicator given by the
[H ] of second acid (M2 ) = 1 × 10 −4
+
because HNO2 is weak acid andNaNO2 is expression [CBSE AIPMT 2004]
[H+ ] of third acid(M3) = 1 × 10 −5 a salt of weak acid (HNO2 ) with strong [In–]
Total [H+ ] concentrated of mixture base (NaOH). Hence, it is an example of (a) log = pK In – pH
[HIn]
M V + M2V2 + M3V3 acidic buffer solution.
(M) = 1 1 [HIn]
V1 + V2 + V3 (b) log = pK In – pH
53 What is the correct relationship [In–]
1 × 10 −3 × V + 1 × 10 −4 × V + 1 × 10 −5 × V between the pH of isomolar [HIn]
= (c) log = pH –pK In
V +V +V solutions of sodium oxide (pH1 ), [In–]
1 × 10 −3 × V (1 + 0.1 + 0.01) sodium sulphide (pH2 ) , sodium [In–]
= (d) log = pH – pK In
3V selenide (pH3 ) and sodium telluride [HIn]
−3
1.11 × 10 (pH4 ) ? Ans. (d)
= = 3.7 × 10−4 M [CBSE AIPMT 2005]
3 (a) pH1 > pH2 ≈ pH3 > pH4 Acid indicators are generally weak acid.
(b) pH1 < pH2 < pH3 < pH4 The dissociation of indicator HIn takes
50 Calculate the pOH of a solution at (c) pH1 < pH2 < pH3 ≈ pH4 place as follows
25°C that contains 1 × 10 −10 M of (d) pH1 > pH2 > pH3 > pH4 HIn 3 H+ + In–
hydronium ion. [CBSE AIPMT 2007] Ans. (d) [H ] [In– ]
+
∴ K In =
(a) 7.00 (b) 4.00 The correct order of pH of isomolar [HIn]
(c) 9.00 (d) 1.00 solution of sodium oxide (pH1), sodium [HIn]
or [H+ ] =K In ⋅ K(i)
Ans. (b) sulphide (pH2 ),sodium selenide (pH3) and [In– ]
[H3O+ ] = [H+ ] =10 −10 sodium telluride (pH4 ) is
Q pH = – log [H+ ] K(ii)
pH1 > pH2 > pH3 > pH4 because in
pH + pOH = 14 K(i) aqueous solution, they are hydrolysed as From eq. (i) and (ii) we get,
and pH = − log [H+ ] follows.  [HIn] 
∴ pH = − log  KIn ⋅ 
pH = − log [10 −10 ] K(ii) Na2O + 2H2O → 2NaOH + H2O  [In− ] 
pH = 10 Base
[In– ]
from eq. (i) and (ii), we get Na2S + 2H2O → 2NaOH + H2 S = − log KIn + log
[HIn]
pOH + 10 = 14 Strong base Weak acid
[In– ]
pOH = 14 − 10 = 4 Na2Se + 2H2O → 2NaOH = pK In + log
Strong base [HIn]

51 The hydrogen ion concentration of [In– ]

+ H2 Se or log = pH − pK ln
a 10–8 M HCl aqueous solution at [HIn]
Weak acid
298 K (K w = 10–14 ) is Na2Te + 2H2O → 2NaOH
[CBSE AIPMT 2006] Strong base 55 Solution of 0.1 N NH4 OH and 0.1 N
(a) 1.0 × 10 M
–6
(b) 1.0525 × 10 M
–7
+ H2Te NH4 Cl has pH 9.25, then find out
(c) 9 .525 × 10–8 M (d) 1.0 × 10–8 M Weak acid pK b of NH4 OH. [CBSE AIPMT 2002]
Ans. (b) On moving down the group acidic (a) 9.25 (b) 4.75
−8 + character of oxides increases. (c) 3.75 (d) 8.25
In aqueous solution of 10 M HCl, [H ]
ion concentration is based upon the Order of acidic strength Ans. (b)
concentration of H+ ion of 10 −8 M HCl H2Te > H2Se > H2S > H2O Solution of NH4OH and NH4 Cl acts as a
and concentration of H+ ion of water. Order of neutralisation of NaOH basic buffer solution. For basic buffer
K w of H2O = 10 –14 = [H+ ][OH− ] H2Te > H2Se > H2S > H2O solution
or [H+ ] = 10 –7 M [salt]
Hence, their aqueous solutions have the pOH = pK b + log
(due to its neutral behaviour) following order of basic character due to [base]
 pOH = 14 – pH 58 The pH value of blood does not [Where ⇒WB= Weak base,SB =
= 14 – 925
. = 4.75 Strong base WA = Weak acid,SA =
change appreciably by a small
0.1 Strong acid.]
4.75 = pK b + log addition of an acid or base,
0.1 Hence, option (d) is the correct.
because the blood
pK b = 4.75 [CBSE AIPMT 1995]
61 Which of the following salts will
(a) is a body fluid
+ give highest pH in water?
56 The concentration of [H ] and (b) can be easily coagulated [CBSE AIPMT 2014]
concentration of [OH– ] of a 0.1 M (c) contains iron as a part of the
(a) KCl (b) NaCl
aqueous solution of 2% ionised molecule
(c) Na2CO 3 (d) CuSO4
(d) contains serum protein that acts as
weak monobasic acid is Ans. (c)
buffer
[CBSE AIPMT 1999]
Ans. (d) The highest pH refers to the basic
[ionic product of water = 1 × 10–14 ] solution containingOH− ions. Therefore,
Blood is an example of buffer solution,
. × 10–3 Mand 5 × 10–11 M
(a) 002 the basic salt releasing moreOH− ions on
which contains serum protein, so its pH
(b) 1 × 10–3 M and 3 × 10–11 M does not change appreciably by adding
hydrolysis will give highest pH in water.
(c) 2 × 10–3 M and 5 × 10–12 M small amount of an acid or a base to it. Only the salt of strong base and weak
(d) 3 × 10–2 M and 4 × 10–13 M acid would release moreOH− ion on
hydrolysis. Among the given salts,
Ans. (c) 59 The pH value of a 10 M solution of Na2 CO3 corresponds to the basic salt as
[H + ] in monobasic acid HCl is [CBSE AIPMT 1995] it is formed by the neutralisation of
= molarity × degree of ionisation (a) less than 0 (b) equal to 0 NaOH [strong base] and H2 CO3 [weak
2 (c) equal to 1 (d) equal to 2 acid].
= 0.1 ×
100 Ans. (a) CO23− + H2O s HCO3− + OH−
= 2 × 10 –3 M HCl(aq) → H+ (aq) + Cl − (aq)
ionisation constant of water 62 Equimolar solutions of the
[S = K sp ]
K w = (H+ ) (OH− ) following substances were
[HCl] = 10 M
1 × 10 –14 prepared separately. Which one of
K
[OH– ] = w+ = ⇒ [H+ ] = 10 mol / L
[H ] 2 × 10 –3 these will record the highest pH
pH = − log [H+ ] = − log 10
value? [CBSE AIPMT 2012]
= 5 × 10 –12 M = − 1, so the pH is less than zero.
(a) BaCl2 (b) AlCl3 (c) LiCl (d) BeCl2
57 A physician wishes to prepare a Ans. (a)
buffer solution at pH= 3.58 that
TOPIC 5 BaCl2 is a salt of strong acid HCl and
efficiently resist changes in pH yet Hydrolysis of Salts strong base Ba(OH)2 . So, its aqueous
solution is neutral with pH 7. All other
contains only small concentration
salts give acidic solution due to cationic
of the buffering agents. Which one 60 Which among the following salt hydrolysis, so their pH is less than 7.
of the following weak acid together solutions is basic in nature? Thus, pH value is highest for the solution
with its sodium salt would be best [NEET (Oct.) 2020]
of BaCl2
to use? [CBSE AIPMT 1997] (a) Ammonium chloride
(a) m-chlorobenzoic acid
(b) Ammonium sulphate 63 The ionisation constant of
(c) Ammonium nitrate
(pK a = 3 .98) ammonium hydroxide is 1.77 × 10 −5
(b) p-chlorocinnamic acid (d) Sodium acetate
(pK a = 441
. ) Ans. (d) at 298 K. Hydrolysis constant of
(c) 2, 5-dihydroxy benzoic acid ammonium chloride is
Nature of a salt solution depends on the
(pK a = 2 .97) nature of constituent acid and base
[CBSE AIPMT 2009]
(d) Acetoacetic acid (pK a = 3 .58) whether they are strong or weak. (a) 5.65 × 10−10 (b) 6.50 × 10−12
Ans. (d) (a) NH4 Cl is made of (c) 5.65 × 10−13 (d) 5.65 × 10−12
By the use of Henderson’s equation [NH4OH(WB) + HCl(SA)] → Acidic Ans. (a)
[salt] solution. Given,K a (NH4OH) = 1.77 × 10 −5
pH = pKa + log 10 (b) (NH4 )2 SO4 is made of
[acid] NH+4 + OH–
[NH4OH(WB) + H2SO4 (SA)] → Acidic NH4OH 3
When, [salt] = [acid] solution. [NH4 ][OH– ]
+
Ka = = 1.77 × 10 −5 …(i)
∴ pH = pK a (c) NH4NO3 is made of [NH4OH]
Q pK a = 3.58, thus at this state [NH4OH(WB) + CH3COOH(WA)] →
Hydrolysis of NH4 Cl takes place as,
pH = 3.58 Basic solution.
(d) CH3COONa is made of NH4 Cl + H2O → NH4OH + HCl
So, acetoacetic acid (pK a = 3.58) is best NH+4 + H2O → NH4OH + H+
[NaOH(SB) + CH3COOH(WA)] → Basic or
to use.
solution Hydrolysis constant,
 [NH4OH][H+ ] Ammonium chloride (NH4 Cl) is a salt of Sodium carbonate (Na2 CO3) is a salt of
Kh = …(ii)
[NH+4 ] weak base and strong acid. So, its strong base and weak acid. Its aqueous
aqueous solution will be acidic as solution is also basic and its pH value will
[NH4OH][H+ ][OH– ]
or K h = …(iii) NH4 Cl + H2O → NH4OH + HCl be more than 10,
[NH+4 ][OH– ] i.e. highest among them.
Weak base Strong acid
From Eqs. (i), (ii) and (iii)
So, pH of NH4 Cl is less than 7. Na2 CO3 + H2O → 2NaOH
K
Kh = w [Q [H+ ][OH− ] = K w ] Sodium nitrate (NaNO3 ) is the salt of
Strong base
Ka
strong acid and strong base. So, its + H2 CO3
10 −14 Weak acid
= aqueous solution is neutral as
1.77 × 10 −5 NaNO3 + H2O → NaOH 65 The compound whose aqueous
= 5.65 × 10 −10 Strong base solution has the highest pH is
[CBSE AIPMT 1988]
+ HNO3
64 Which has highest pH? Strong acid (a) NaCl (b) NaHCO3
[CBSE AIPMT 2002] (c) Na2CO3 (d) NH4Cl
So, pH of NaNO3 is 7.
(a) CH3CO −OK + (b) Na2CO3 Ans. (c)
Potassium acetate (CH3COOK) is a salt of
(c) NH4 Cl (d) NaNO3 strong base and weak acid. Its aqueous The hydrolysis of NaCl gives neutral
Ans. (b) solution will be basic and pH value will be solution because it is salt of strong acid
pH=log
1 greater than 7 ≈ 8.8 and strong base and hence, its pH is 7.
[H+ ] CH3COO−K+ + H2O → CH3COOH NH4 Cl is salt of weak base and strong
acid, so its pH is less than 7.NaHCO3 is
pH is inversely proportional to hydrogen Weak acid
also acidic whereasNa2 CO3 is salt of
ion concentration. As concentration of + KOH strong base and weak acid, so its pH is
H+ decreases pH increases and Strong base
more than 7.
vice-versa.