EBS 2025

1
2
3

03.
 1
-

1) 2) (B) 1
(A) ,
.
, be it a one-off interaction around a
particularly delightful or upsetting experience, or
the development of a longer-term relationship with
a significantly influential individual within your
customer base. If you’ve ever posted a
favorable comment — or any comment, for that
matter — about a brand, product or service, think c s
about what it would feel like if you were
personally acknowledged by the brand manager,
for example, as a result. In general, people post
because they have something to say — and
because they want to be recognized for having
said it. In particular, when people post positive
comments they are expressions of appreciation for
the experience that led to the post. While a
compliment to the person standing next to you is
typically answered with a response like “Thank
You,” the sad fact is that most brand
compliments go unanswered. (B) These are lost
opportunities to understand what drove the (c
) and creates a (s ) fan based
on them.

1) (A)
. ( )

more, your, individual, responses, you, to,

connect, deeply, with, to, customers, be,
prioritize, able, allow

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 1

1)
One of the biggest misconceptions about
creativity is that (A)
. While this may be true in
pure sciences, in most commercial contexts, or
even in day-to-day living, it is never that one
silver bullet that does the magic. It is, in fact, a
series of seemingly simple ideas that counts. The
key is to have enough ideas that solve specific
parts of the overall problem, and then the thorny
task looks very much tenable. Since creativity
comes from combining concepts in an unusual
fashion, and since it is exceedingly difficult to
trace the origins of ideas, (B) you are better off
generating as much ideas as possible with the
hope which some of them would click. That is
what great scientists and artists do. As the author
Walter Isaacson notes, ‘The sparks come from
ideas rubbing against each other rather than as
bolts out of the blue.’
* thorny: , ** tenable:

3) (A)
. ( )

a, take, solves, problem, a, it, idea, to ,

complex, brilliant

4) (B)
.

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 1

2)
Sometimes it is hard to know the right thing to
do for the planet. What sounds good may not
necessarily be so. Rooftop solar panels, for
example, are (A)
. Buying local
food can actually increase water pollution and
waste. According to research from the Danish and
UK governments, (B) plastic grocery bags may
actually be (b ) than cotton bags for the
climate and for water. You may disagree with all
or some of those claims, and you may be right. It
depends on your individual circumstances. If you
live in Phoenix, Arizona, for example, solar panels
could be a smart choice. Using your own cotton
bags continuously and without exception for
shopping for several years is probably better for
the environment than the alternatives. Each of
these choices depends on personal circumstances
and behavior. The best solutions for the
environment are personal.

5) (A)
. ( )

less, one, expensive, to, effect, ways, the

most, help, the environment, of, and

6) (B)
.

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 1

3)
Consider people with disabilities. Often they are
judged using criteria of competence that are
biased in favor of nondisabled people. Compare,
for example, an average blind person with an
average sighted person. Who will be more
competent in walking from one place to another?
You might think that the sighted person will be
more competent because the sighted person can
see where he or she is going, but this is using
an unfair criterion. If you think about competence
(A)
, then the blind person
will definitely be more competent. (B) Such
knowledge about people who are blind and, by
extension, other socially marginalized people, can
make us appreciate them and celebrate their (u
) abilities as they really are, rather than (d
) against, pity, or patronize them for some
incompetence that does not (e ) except as
a figment of our traditional, prejudiced
imaginations.
* marginalize: ** patronize:
*** figment:

7) (A)
. ( )

who, on, the fair, close, of, best, walk, the

eyes, base, criterion, of, can, with

8) (B)

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4)
When you think, you are using your imagination
to create an image or picture in your mind of an
event rather than the real thing. If you are driving
home from a football match, reviewing the game
in your mind, you are merely imagining what the
game was like. The game is no longer real; it’s
now only in your mind, in your memory. It was
real once, but not any longer. Similarly, if you are
thinking about how bad your marriage is, you are
considering it in your mind. It’s all in your
imagination. You are literally ‘making up’ your
relationship. (A)
. This is why the old
saying, ‘Things aren’t as bad as they seem’
is almost always true. The reason things ‘seem
so bad’ is because your mind is able to recreate
past events, and preview upcoming events, almost
as though they were happening right in front of
you, at that moment — even though they’re not.
To make matters worse, your mind can add
additional drama to any event, thereby (B) making
that event seem even better than it really is, or
was, or has been.

9) (A) 11
.

thoughts, just, you, have, about, be,

relationship, the, your

10) (B) 2
.

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 1
-

1)
Being able to prioritize your responses (A) allow
you to connect more deeply with individual
customers, be it a one-off interaction around a
particularly delightful or upsetting experience, or
the development of a longer-term relationship with
a (B) significant influential individual within your
customer base. If you’ve ever posted a
favorable comment — or any comment, for that
matter — about a brand, product or service, think
about (C) how it would feel like if you were
personally acknowledged by the brand manager,
for example, as a result. In general, people post
because they have something to say — and
because they want to be recognized for having
said it. In particular, when people post positive
comments they are expressions of appreciation for
the experience that led to the post. While a
compliment to the person (D) standing next to you
is typically answered with a response like “Thank
You,” the sad fact is that most brand
compliments go ( ) . These are lost
opportunities to understand what drove the
compliments and create a solid fan base on (E) it.
* compliment:

11) ( )
.

① unsolved
② indifferent
③ normal
④ unique
⑤ peculiar

12) (A) ~ (E)

?

① 2 ② 3 ③ 4 ④ 5 ⑤ 6

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 1

1)
One of the biggest misconceptions about
creativity is that it takes a brilliant idea to solve a
(A) simple problem. While this may be true in pure
sciences, in most commercial contexts, or even in
day-to-day living, it is never that one silver bullet
that does the magic. It is, in fact, a series of
seemingly simple ideas that counts. The key is to
have (B) rare ideas that solve specific parts of
the overall problem, and then the thorny task
looks very much tenable. Since creativity comes
from combining concepts in an (C) usual fashion,
and since it is exceedingly difficult to (D) keep the
origins of ideas, you are better off (E) producing
as many ideas as possible with the hope that
some of them would click. That is what great
scientists and artists do. As the author Walter
Isaacson notes, ‘The sparks come from ideas
rubbing against each other rather than as bolts
out of the blue.’
* thorny: , ** tenable:

13)

①
.
② .
③
.
④
.
⑤
.

14) (A) ~ (E)

.

① 1 ② 2 ③ 3 ④ 4 ⑤ 5

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 1

2)
Sometimes it is hard to know the right thing to
do for the planet. What sounds good may not
necessarily be so. Rooftop solar panels, for
example, are (A) one of the most expensive and
least effective way to help the environment.
Buying local food can actually increase water
pollution and waste. According to research from
the Danish and UK governments, plastic grocery
bags may actually be better than cotton bags (B)
for the climate and water. You may disagree with
all or (C) some of those claims, and you may be
right. It depends on your individual circumstances.
If you live in Phoenix, Arizona, for example, solar
panels could be a smart choice. (D) Using your
own cotton bags continuously and without
exception for shopping for several years is
probably better for the environment than the
alternatives. (E) All of these choices depends on
personal circumstances and behavior. The best
solutions for the environment are personal.

15) .

①
.
②
.
③
.
④ .
⑤
.

16) (A)~(E)
.

① (A), (C), (E)

② (B), (D), (E)
③ (A), (B), (E)
④ (B), (C), (D)
⑤ (A), (D), (E)

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 1

3)
Consider people with disabilities. Often they are
judged using criteria of competence that are
biased in favor of nondisabled people. Compare,
for example, an average blind person with an
average sighted person. Who will be more
competent in walking from one place to another?
You might think that the sighted person will be
more competent because the sighted person can
see where he or she is going, but this is using
(A) . If you think about
competence based on the fairer criterion of who
can best walk with the eyes closed, then the blind
person will definitely be more competent. Such
knowledge about people who are blind and, by
extension, other socially marginalized people, can
make us appreciate them and celebrate their
unique abilities as they really are, rather than
discriminate against, pity, or patronize them for
some incompetence that does not exist except as
a figment of our traditional, prejudiced
imaginations.
* marginalize: ** patronize:
*** figment:

17) .

① Don’t judge the book by its cover

② Barking dogs seldom bite
③ Blood is thicker than water
④ Better late than never
⑤ Birds of a feather flock together

18) (A)
.

① a commonplace tool
② a prejudiced thinking
③ a right judgment
④ a simple solution
⑤ an alternative method

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 1
Similarly, if you are thinking about how bad
4) your marriage is, you are considering it in
When you think, you are using your imagination your mind.
to create an image or picture in your mind of an
event rather than the real thing. If you are driving
① (A)
home from a football match, reviewing the game
② (B)
in your mind, you are merely imagining what the
③ (C)
game was like. (A) The game is no longer real;
④ (D)
it’s now only in your mind, in your memory. It
⑤ (E)
was real once, but not any longer. (B) It’s all in
your imagination. You are literally ‘making up’
your relationship. (C) The thoughts you are having
about your relationship are just thoughts. This is
why the old saying, ‘Things aren’t as bad as
they seem’ is almost always true. (D) The reason
things ‘seem so bad’ is because your mind is
able to recreate past events, and preview
upcoming events, almost as though they were
happening right in front of you, at that moment —
even though they’re not. (E) To make matters
worse, your mind can add additional drama to any
event, thereby making that event seem even
worse than it really is, or was, or will be.

19)

①
,

③
’
④ ‘ ’

20) (A)~(E)
.

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 1
-

1)
One of the biggest misconceptions about
creativity is (A) what / that it takes a brilliant
idea to solve a complex problem. While this may
be true in pure sciences, in most commercial
contexts, or even in day-to-day living, it is never
that one silver bullet that does the magic. It is, in
fact, a series of seemingly simple ideas that
counts. The key is to have enough ideas that
solve specific parts of the overall problem, and
then the thorny task (B) to look / looks very
much tenable. Since creativity comes from
combining concepts in an unusual fashion, and
since it is exceedingly difficult to trace the origins
of ideas, you are better off generating as many
ideas as possible with the hope that some of
them would click. That is what great scientists and
artists do. As the author Walter Isaacson notes,
‘The sparks come from ideas rubbing against
each other rather than as bolts out of the blue.’
* thorny: , ** tenable:

21) (A), (B)

.

(A) -

(B) -

22) , (C)
.

Walter
(C)
Isaacson
→ → →

(C)

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 1
2)
Sometimes it is hard to know the right thing to 25) , (A)
do for the planet. What sounds good may not (B)
necessarily be so. Rooftop solar panels, for .
example, are one of the most expensive and least
effective ways to help the environment. Buying
local food can actually increase water pollution and
waste. According to research from the Danish and
UK governments, plastic grocery bags may actually (B)
(A)
be better than cotton bags for the climate and for → →
water. You may disagree with all or some of
those claims, and you may be right. It depends on
your individual circumstances. If you live in
Phoenix, Arizona, for example, solar panels could
be a smart choice. Using your own cotton bags (A)

continuously and without exception for shopping

(B)
for several years is probably better for the
environment than the alternatives. Each of these
choices depends on personal circumstances and
behavior. The best solutions for the environment
are personal.

23) .
‘what’ .

What sounds good may not necessarily be so.

24) T, F
.

1. In Phoenix, Solar panels are not a a smart

choice for the environment. ( T / F )

2. Plastic grocery bags may actually be better

than cotton bags for the climate and for water.
( T / F )

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 1

28) , (A)
3) (B)
Consider people with disabilities. Often they are .
judged using criteria of competence that are
biased (A) ( against / in favor of ) nondisabled
people. Compare, for example, an average blind
person with an average sighted person. Who will
be more competent in walking from one place to (A)
(B)
another? You might think that the sighted person → →
will be more competent because the sighted
person can see where he or she is going, but
this is using an unfair criterion. If you think about
competence based on the fairer criterion of who
can best walk with the eyes closed, then the blind (A)

person will definitely be (B) ( less / more )

(B)
competent. Such knowledge about people who are
blind and, by extension, other socially marginalized
people, can make us appreciate them and
celebrate their unique abilities as they really are,
rather than discriminate against, pity, or patronize
them for some incompetence that does not exist
except as a figment of our traditional, prejudiced
imaginations.
* marginalize: ** patronize:
*** figment:

26) ,
.

disabilities, biased, an average blind person, an

unfair criterion, socially marginalized people,
unique abilities, pity, prejudiced imaginations

27) (A), (B)

.

(A)

(B)

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 1

4)
When you think, you are using your imagination
to create an image or picture in your mind of an (A)
event rather than the real thing. If you are driving → →
home from a football match, reviewing the game
in your mind, you are merely imagining what the
game was (A) ( alike / like ). The game is no
longer real; it’s now only in your mind, in your
memory. It was real once, but not any longer. (A)

Similarly, if you are thinking about how bad your

marriage is, you are considering it in your mind.
It’s all in your imagination. You are literally
‘making up’ your relationship. The thoughts you
are having about your relationship are just
thoughts. This is why the old saying, ‘Things
aren’t as bad as they seem’ is almost always
true. The reason things ‘seem so bad’ (B) (
are / is ) because your mind is able to recreate
past events, and preview upcoming events, almost
as though they were happening right in front of
you, at that moment — even though they’re not.
To make matters worse, your mind can add
additional drama to any event, thereby making
that event seem even worse than it really is, or
was, or will be.

29) (A), (B)

.

(A)

(B)

30) , (A)
.

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 1
[ ]
much
many ,
which hope
that .
.
-

1)
[ ] Being able to prioritize your responses allows you 5)
to connect more deeply with individual customers [ ]
one of the most expensive and least effective ways to
[ ] be Being help the environment
allow 3 allows
. [ ]

,
less least , effect
2) effective .
[ ]

6)
creates create [ ]

compliments solid better

[ ]
[ ]
and to understand
better .
to create ,
to create
. 7)
‘ ’ ( ‘ ’, ‘ [ ]
’) compliments , based on the fairer criterion of who can best walk with
‘ ’, ‘ ’, ‘ ’ the eyes closed
solid .
[ ]

base based , ‘with +

3)
+ ’ close closed
[ ]
.
it takes a brilliant idea to solve a complex problem.

[ ]
it takes + , , + to V 8)
, take [ ]
3 takes , solves
solve .
unique

4) discriminate
[ ]
exist

1 much many
[ ]
2 which that ,
unique ,
discriminate

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 1
, exist . → .
④
.
9) →
[ ] .
The thoughts you are having about your relationship are
just thoughts.
14)
[ ] [ ] ④ 4
The thoughts [(which) you are having about your
relationship] [ ]
. (A) simple → complex, complicated
(B) rare → enough, many
(C) usual → unusual, unique, special
(D) keep → trace, track
10)
[ ]
1 better worse 15)
[ ] ④
2 has been will be
[ ]
[ ] ‘The best solutions for the
‘ environment are personal’
’ better .
worse , ,
has been
will be .
16)
[ ] ③ (A), (B), (E)
-
[ ]
(A) one of the most expensive and least effective way
11) → one of the most expensive and least effective ways
[ ] ② indifferent (‘~ ’ ‘one of + ’
.)
[ ] (B) for the climate and water.
‘unanswered’ , → for the climate and for water (
.)
indifferent . (E) All of these choices
→ Each of these choices ( depends 3

Each Every .)
12)
[ ] ③ 4

[ ] 17)
(A) allow → allows ( 3 .) [ ] ①
(B) significant → significantly (
.) [ ]
(C) how → what (‘~ ’ ① Don’t judge the book by its cover
like what ~ like
-
.)
(E) it → them ( ‘compliments’ ② Barking dogs seldom bite
them .) -
③ Blood is thicker than water
-
13)
④ Better late than never
[ ] ①, ④
-
[ ] ⑤ Birds of a feather flock together
① . -

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 1

18)
[ ] ②
23)
[ ] [ ] [ ]
,
‘a prejudiced thinking’
. ‘what’ .

24)
19) [ ]
[ ] ②, ⑤ 1. F 2. T

[ ] [ ]
① , 1.
.
.
2.
→ .
.
③
’ .
→ .
④ ‘ ’ 25)
. [ ]
→ . (A)
(B)

[ ]
20) (A) ,
[ ] ② (B)

[ ] .
‘The game is no longer real; it’s now only (B)
in your mind, in your memory. It was real once, but not .
any longer‘
(B) .

26)
[ ] [ ]
: unique abilities
: ‘unique abilities’
21)
[ ]
.
(A) - that (B) - looks

[ ]
(A) , 27)
that . [ ]
(B) 3 (A) in favor of
looks . (B) more

[ ]
(A) ( )
22) .
[ ] (B)
.
[ ]

‘creativity’ .

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 1
28)
[ ]
(A)
(B)

[ ]
(A)
,
(B)

29)
[ ]
(A) like
(B) is

[ ]
(A) ‘what ~ like’ . ‘alike’
‘ , ’ .
(B) The reason (why) things
‘seem so bad’
‘The reason’ ‘is’
.

30)
[ ]
(A)

[ ]

isbn 979-11-377-6643-3
hwp pdf
2024.03.31
1,500

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