HISTORY ORIGIN DEVELOPMENT
VOLLEYBALL
1895 – WILLIAM MORGAN made
MINTONETTE (bball physically demanding so
create new indoor)
MINTONETTE – 3 servers 9 innings 21 points
BASEBALL REPLICANTS no rules
1896 – ALFRED HALSTEAD (“volleyball”),
SPRINGFIELD college
1916 – SPIKE & SET (PH techniques) jump up
and hit ball downward
1917 – 3 sets 15 points
1920 – 3 meter line & hit limit RULE
1948 – FIRST OFFICIALIZATION (Santa
Monica, California) UNITED STATES
1949 – FIRST WORLD CHAMPION (PRAGUE,
CZECHOSLOVAKIA; won by SOVIET UNION)
1964 – FIRST OLYMPICS (TOKYO) = SOVIET
UNION (GOLD 8W-1L); CZECHOSLOVAKIA
(SILVER); JAPAN (BRONZE)
3 volleyball tournament : FIVB world cup,
men’s world championship, nation league
ITALY MEN = 4 world champ & 7 euro champ
ITALY WOMEN = 1 women world champ & 2
world cup
BRAZIL = 3 gold 2 silver (1992) & 3 world cup
& 3 world champ
1997 = can retrieve errored pass
1998 = 25 point set RULE ; LIBERO BORN
2000 = LIBERO allowed (SYDNEY OLYMPIC)
FIVB = FEDERATION INTERNATIONALE DE
= APRIL 1947 ; 14 MEMBERS Belgium, Brazil,
Czechoslovakia, Egypt, France, Netherlands,
Hungary, Italy, Poland, Portugal, Romania,
Uruguay, USA and Yugoslavia
PRESIDENT PAUL LIBAUD (French)
PARIS HEADQUATERS then Lausanne,
Switzerland,
1949 – 1st men world champ
1952 – 1st women world champ
LOCAL
- PHILIPPINE AMATEUR VOLLEYBALL
ASSOCIATION (1961) (PAVA)
- PHLIPPINE VOLLEYBALL
FEDERATION (2003) (PVF)expelled
this 2021 from FIVB
- LARONG VOLLEYBALL SA
PILIPINAS(LVPI) experienced dispute
with PVF
- PHILIPPINE NATIONAL VOLLEYBALL
FEDERATION (2021) (PNVF)
VOLLEYBALL OFFICIAL
Line guard – checks in or out of court, assist
1st ref for ball landing
Main scorekeeper – assist 2nd ref for score,
ensures accuracy
Assistant scorekeeper – tracks libero,
assists main scorekeep
Ball crew – guarantees quality of ball
1st referee – ensures smooth flow of game,
stands on top of ref stand, decision maker in
calls and violation, briefs other official,
checks ball and net before game
2nd referee- assist 1st in fouls&violation,
HAND SIGNALS 11. Delay in service

1. Authorize to serve - Raise eight fingers, spread open.

- Move the hand to indicate the direction of 12. Blocking fault or screening
service.
- Raise both arms vertically, palms forward.
2. Team to serve
13. Positional or rotational fault
- Extend the arm to the side of the team
- Make a circular motion with the forefinger.
that will serve.
14. Ball in
3. Change the court
- Point the arm and fingers toward the floor.
- Raise the forearms front and back, and
twist them around the body. 15. Ball out
4. Time out - Raise the forearms vertically, hands open,
palms toward the body.
- Place the palm of one hand over the
fingers of the other, held vertically (forming 16. CATCH / LIFTING
a “T”), and then indicate the requesting
team. - Slowly lift the forearm, palm of the hand
facing upward
5. Substitution
17. DOUBLE CONTACT
- Circular motion of the forearms around
each other - Raise two fingers, spread them open

6. Misconduct warning; Misconduct 18. FOUR HITS

penalty - Raise four fingers, spread open
- Show a yellow card for a warning; red card 19. NET TOUCH
for a penalty.
- Indicate the relevant side of the net with
7. Expulsion the corresponding hand
- Show both cards jointly for explosion. 20. OVER REACHING / REACHING OVER
8. Disqualification THE NET

- Show red and yellow cards separately for - Place a hand above the net, palm facing
disqualification. downwards

9. End of the match/set 21. ATTACK HIT FAULT

- Cross the forearms in front of the chest, - Make a downward motion with the
hands open. forearm, hand open

10. Ball not serve or released at the service 22. PENETRATION INTO THE OPPONENT’S
hit COURT / CROSSING
- Lift the extended arm, the palm of the - Point to the center line or to the relevant
hand facing upward. line
23. DOUBLE FAULT AND REPLAY
- Raise both thumbs vertically
24. BALL TOUCH
- Brush with the palm of one hand the
fingers of the other, held vertically
25. DELAY WARNING/ DELAY PENALTY
- Cover the wrist with a yellow card
(warning) and with a red card (penalty)
LINE JUDGE FLAG SIGNALS
1. BALL IN / INBOUNDS
- Point down with flag
2. BALL OUT / OUT OF BOUNDS
- Make a downward motion with the
forearm, hand open
3. BALL TOUCH / BALL CHECK
- Raise flag vertically
4. CROSSING SPACE FAULT( the center line)
/ BALL OUTSIDE / FOOT FAULT
DURING SERVICE
- Wave flag over the head and point to the
antenna or the respective line
5. JUDGEMENT IMPOSSIBLE
- Raise and cross both arms and hands in
front of the chest
Volleyball equipment
BALL : beach or indoor volleyball; leather or
synthetic leather (beginner); 9 to 10 ounces;
25.6 to 26.4 inches
NET & COURT: 18m by 9m with centerline,
3m away from it is attacker line, 2-3m play
area; 7’11’’ men’s net; 7’9” women’s net
LINES: 2 side and end lines on each side;
all lines 2inches wide and light color;
9x9 court
POSTS & CABLES: holds net structure; 0.5 to
1m outside & 2.55m high; posts =
padded&rounded to avoid injuring players
ANTENNA & SIZEBANDS: antenna flexible
rods 1.8m long made of fiberglass
KNEE PADS: liberos & defense specialist use
SHOES: support feet !!
CLOTHING: lightweight, absorbs sweat
SOCKS: prevent blister; additional protect
ankle
JEWELRIES & ACCESSORIES: not allowed for
possible injuries to others; sports glasses
VOLLEYBALL PLAYER POSITIONS:
SETTER - very fast decision making skills,
can read enemy’s offense
OUTSIDE HITTER – attack ball at LEFT side;
contribute both attack and defense
OPPOSITE HITTER – (RIGHT side hitter);
specialize defense
MIDDLE BLOCKER – middle hitter; tallest
player
LIBERO – defensive specialist; main
receiver; BACKBONE of team; CAN’T PLAY
FRONTROW & OUTFIT CONTRAST TO TEAM
DEFENSE SPECIALIST – unlike liberos, they
have NO RESTRICTIONS; reduce impact of
spikes
VOLLEYBALL COACH – supervise, guides,
transport players