Basic Farm Machineries, Mechanization, & Water Management, Lab

Name: RICKY S. SEVILLA Date Given: April 01, 2024

Course & Year: BSA 2 Date Due: April 05, 2024
Rating: ______________________

Laboratory Exercise No. 3

AGRICULTURAL TRACTOR PARTS IDENTIFICATION & FUNCTIONS

INTRODUCTION

Farming is a challenging task that requires a lot of hard work and time, from preparing
the soil and planting the seedlings, to harvesting the crops. It can be difficult for farmers to handle
a large area of land in a single day. That's why using farm machinery such as tractors is crucial to
speed up the tasks and cover more ground in a shorter amount of time. The use of tractors in
agriculture has numerous benefits, and the latest advancements have made it possible for farmers
in the Philippines to cultivate land more effectively and efficiently than ever before. To improve
agricultural production, farmers need to be knowledgeable about the tractor's parts and how they
work together. Identifying the different parts of a tractor is crucial for farmers to diagnose and
repair any issues quickly. Without proper knowledge of each part's function, misdiagnosing a
problem can led to wasting time and money in replacing or repairing the wrong parts. This report
outlines the various parts of a tractor and its functions, which can help farmers increase efficiency
and ensure a continuous agricultural operation.

OBJECTIVES
1. Identify the components of a farm tractor and its functions, determine, and get
acquainted with the different parts of the tractor.
2. Discuss the parts and relate the tractor’s function in agricultural operations.
METHODOLOGY
FOUR WHEEL TRACTORS
Procedures
A. Components of an Agricultural Tractor and its Functions
1. Took a photo of a farm tractor at Silago Motorpool, Brgy. Tubod Silago, Southern
Leyte, and identified its various parts and components.
2. Documented and tagged all the external parts of the farm tractors.
3. Wrote the function of each part in Table 1.

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B. Tractor Controls and its Functions

1. Took a photo of a farm tractor’s controls found at Silago Motorpool, Brgy.
Tubod Silago, Southern Leyte, and identified its various parts and components.
2. Identified the name of the controls.
3. Outlined the function of each control in Table 2.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

A. Components of a Farm Tractor and its Functions

ROLL-OVER PROTECTIVE
STRUCTURE

MUFLER SIDE MIRROR

HAND HOLD
ENGINE HOOD

HEADLIGHTS

BALLAST
REAR WHEEL

FUEL SYSTEM STEPS

ELECTRICAL AND STARTING SYSTEM

COOLING SYSTEM FRONT WHEEL

LUBRICATION SYSTEM

EXTERNAL PARTS SYSTEM INSIDE THE TRACTOR

ENGINE

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TAIL AND WORK LIGHTS THREE POINT LINK

POWER TAKE-OFF
(PTO)
UPPER AND LOWER
HITCH DRAWBAR

ATTACHMENT/IMPLEMENTS

POWER TAKE-OFF
(PTO)

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Table 1. Farm tractor components and functions

TRACTOR COMPONENTS FUNCTIONS

Engine Engine used in tractor in internal combustion
engine, converts the heat energy of fuel into
mechanical work by burning the fuel inside
the engine itself.

Clutch Used to engage and disengage the tractor

engine from the transmission gears and drive
wheels also transmits power by means of
friction between driving members and driven
members (for securing different traveling
speeds)

Transmission system Change engine torque and speed into the

torque and speed required by the wheel for
different task required of a tractor and
provide for auxiliary power outlet in the form
of Power Take Off for powering the
implements and for stationary machinery.

Differential unit Permit one of the rear wheels of the tractor to

rotate slower or faster than the other while
turning the tractor on a curved path, the inner
wheel has to travel lesser the tractor to move
faster than the other at the turning point.

Final drive Transmit the power finally to the rear axle and
the wheels since tractor rear wheels are not

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directly attached to the half shafts however

the drive is taken through a pair of spur gears.

Rear wheels Balance the weight and power, helps to

achieve the better weight distribution of the
vehicle and offer stability to the tractor as
well. Usually bigger than front wheels to avoid
slipping to the mud surface.

Front wheels Used for steering. Design smaller than rear

wheels to provide better view in the forward
direction

Steering mechanism Control the direction of motion of the vehicle

and provide directional stability. The motion
of the vehicle being steered needs to become
straight ahead when the force on the steering
wheel is removed.

Hydraulic control and hitch system Hook and control agricultural machines
working position.

Brakes Brakes Used to stop or slow down the motion

of a tractor.

Power take-off unit Device that transfers an engine's mechanical

power to another piece of equipment, allows
the hosting energy source to transmit power
to additional equipment that does not have its
own engine or motor.

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Tractor pulley Transmit power from the tractor to stationary

machinery by means of a belt and used to
operate thresher, centrifugal pump, silage
cutter, and several other machineries.

Control panel Separate set of cables for simplified the

development of the Complex Automatic
Control System also support plate that
additionally carries markings which visually
represent the appearance of the tractor.

Muffler Device for decreasing the amount of noise

emitted by internal exhaustion engine.

Ballast Any material added to the front of the tractor

for enhancing traction and stability.

Side Mirror Mirror found in the exterior of the tractor

outside the driver’s peripheral vision.

Handhold/Steps For safety and provide inconvenient means in

getting in the tractor easily.

Roll – over Protective Structure (ROPS) Use to protect the operator in heat coming
from the sun and from rain during operations.

Three – point Hitch Where the implement is attached.

Headlights Light up the tractor front in the front.

Tail & Work lights Light up the back of the tractor.

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B. Tractor Controls and its Functions

FIGURE 2: TRACTOR CONTROLS

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Table 2. Tractor controls and functions

TRACTOR CONTROLS FUNCTIONS

Stop button or key Stop button or key It is always turned
counterclockwise to stop an engine or
stopping the engine through turning off the
start key.

Brakes Used to slow down or stop the tractor motion

used to prevent the tractor from moving when
it is stationary. It uses financial force to reduce
the motion of the wheels. Friction is used to
convert the kinetic energy into heat.

Clutch pedal Designed to stop the input shaft for the

transmission from rotating which allows the
transmission and gears to line up correctly
when placing the transmission into gear from
a standing start. It is the left-hand foot pedal
on the tractor.

Throttle Classified into hand and foot throttle, used to

control the engine speed and the hand throttle
should always be used when using the tractor
in the field.

Gear levers It prevents engagement of a gear until the

shaft speeds are synchronized.

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Light switches and warning lights
Power take-off lever
Front-wheel engagement
Draft control lever
Position of height control lever
External hydraulic control valve
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It’s the vital part of the vehicle's safety system
some indicates critical warning that requires
immediate attention, light switch used to
operate electric lights, permanently
connected equipment, or electrical outlets.
An efficient means of transferring mechanical
power between farm tractors and implement.
Used to engage the front axle of tractor to
improve traction. This may work in
conjunction with an indicator light when
engaged
Senses extra strain on the hitch and allows the
plow to raise just enough to get through the
hard spot, immediately returning to the
desired depth.
Allow air from the reservoir to flow through
the supply port and into the air bags from the
delivery port. Volume in the air bags increases
and raises the chassis or cab height.
Tasked with the regulation of fluid speed, and
by regulating the rate, it can control the speed
of an actuator in the system. The flow rate is
also responsible for determining the rate of
energy transfer at any specific level of
pressure
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Drop valve Provides both quick drop and float functions

by moving a quick drop valve to a position
interconnecting the drop and lift sides of a
pair of lift cylinders when a directional control
valve reaches a predefined position

Differential lock Designed to overcome the chief limitation of a

standard open differential by essentially
"locking" both wheels on an axle together as if
on a common shaft. This forces both wheels to
turn in unison, regardless of the traction (or
lack thereof) available to either wheel
individually.

Seat/Seatbelt Seat is where the operator’s seat and seatbelt

provide safety to the operator.

Dashboard Contains gauges and switches with different

functions.

CONCLUSIONS
Agricultural tractors come in various sizes, equipped with different horsepower engines,
to make farming easier and more efficient. They are versatile and essential farm tools.
Understanding the different parts and components of a farm tractor, their corresponding
functions, and being able to recognize and familiarize oneself with the controls are crucial in
prolonging the vehicle’s lifespan and ensuring the operator's safety. By learning how to identify
each part and its function, operators gain basic knowledge that is not only useful for the farmer-
owner, but also for the students. With this knowledge, operators can understand how a tractor
works, its component systems, lubrication, levers, and controls. This understanding helps
operators to quickly identify and fix any problems that may arise over time. Tractors are a great
discovery and have revolutionized agriculture.

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I. REFERENCES

Agricultural and Natural Resources. (2018). Safety starting and stopping a tractor for
trainers and supervisors: Tillage safety training for landscaping and horticultural
services. Retrieved from Ohio State University Extension website:
https://ohioline.osu.edu/factsheet/aex-892266

Rams Hitech Auto Pvt. Ltd. https://www.agriculturaltrailerparts.com/

APPENDICES

LOCATION: MOTORPOOL/EVACUATION CENTER in Brgy. Tubod,

Silago, Southern Leyte

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