Republic of the Philippines

BENGUET STATE UNIVERSITY

La Trinidad Campus
Km 6 La Trinidad, Benguet

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering

ABE165-two-wheel tractors and Agricultural Equipment

Operation
Laboratory Exercise No. 3

Name: Date Due: M a r c h 3, 2023 (5:00PM)

Date Submitted:

Lab Schedule: Friday 9-12:00nn

AGRICULTURAL two-wheel tractor

I. INTRODUCTION
One of today's agricultural tools is a tractor, which is considered heavy equipment. Tractors
aid farmers in plowing and cultivating their fields. Using the Power Take Off (PTO) system, tractor
engines also serve as a driving force for other agricultural industrial tools.
Tractors began to be developed to facilitate a great deal of human labor with the
development of technology. Currently, the two-wheeled tractor and the four-wheeled tractor are the
most frequently used tractors. The two-wheel tractor, also known as a walking tractor, is a self-
propelled tractor with a single axle that can pull and power a variety of farm implements, including
a trailer, cultivator or harrow, plough, and planters. The operator walks behind the implement or
sits on a seat that is attached to it to control the direction of travel for field operation.
II. OBJECTIVES
1. To draw and label the parts of a four-wheel agricultural two-wheel tractor;
2. To define the parts of a four-wheel agricultural two-wheel tractor; and
3. To identify the step-by-step procedure of operating a two-wheel tractor and the
two-wheel tractor safety precautions/ operations;
4. To enumerate and describe the troubles, causes, and remedies/solutions of a two-wheel
tractor; and
5. To understand the proper care and maintenance of an agricultural two-wheel tractor.

III. MATERIALS
Internet resources, devices (i.e. cellphone, laptop, etc.), appropriate references (book, journal, e-
book, e-journal etc.) and drawing paraphernalia.
 IV. PROCEDURE
a. Draw an agricultural two-wheel tractor and label its parts;
b. Enumerate and define the different parts (complete) of the agricultural two-wheel tractor;
c. Identify the different types of two-wheel tractors, and classify the uses of the two-wheel
tractors;
d. Discuss the step-by-step procedure of operating a two-wheel tractor;
e. Enumerate the safety precautions/operations of an agricultural two-wheel tractor
(provide pictures with labels) and discuss the importance of knowing the safety
operation of a agricultural two-wheel tractor;
f. Enumerate and describe the possible troubles, causes, and remedy/solution of a two-
wheel tractor;
Enumerate and discuss the proper care and maintenance of an agricultural two-wheel
tractor.

V. DISCUSSION

Different parts and functions of a two-wheel tractor:

 PARTS FUNCTIONS
Clutch lever Engages and disengages power transmission
Accelerator Controls flow rate of fuel into combustion chamber
Steering device Used to control the direction and speed of the tractor combined with
several control levers.
Muffler Reduces the noise emitted by the exhaust of the internal combustion
(silencer) engine.
Handle knob Used to manually control tractor
Engine Converts fuel into motion so tractor can move
Water tank Stores water
Fuel tank Safe container for the flammable fuel
Ignition Makes the tractor run smoothly
Handbrake When pulled, resists tractor from getting into motion
Gear lever Used to change gears
Cranking handle Converts circular motion to reciprocating motion.
Decompression lever Eases the start of the internal combustion engine
Bumper Absorbs impact of a minor collision
Support stand To balance the tractor when not in use
Tyres Provides traction
Air cleaner Removes solid particles from the air that goes to the engine
Tension pulley Drives the tractor belt system

Different types of two-wheel tractors:

 Mini Tiller Type
The mini tiller type is the smallest two-wheeled tractor. This type has a fairly simple
component, which is various types of rotary blades mounted on the tractor drive shaft. The
rotary knife is used to replace the tractor wheel.

In addition, the mini tiller type has a drag-stake that is attached to the rear hook-up point
of the machine. In general, this type is used for gardening in the yard and is rarely used for
professional farming purposes.

 Traction Type
The second type is the traction type. Traction type two-wheeled tractors are used for
pulling plowshares or as a transportation of other agricultural tools. Compared to the mini
triller, the traction type machine has a larger capacity, which is 4 to 6 PS. Traction type
two-wheeled tractors do not have a rotary soil cultivator so they are often referred to as
power cultivators.

 Motion Type
The third type of two-wheeled tractors is the motion type. In contrast to the traction type
which does not have a rotary device, the motion type is equipped with a rotary soil
processing device. A motorized two-wheeled tractor will cultivate the soil and
mechanically transmit the tractor’s power to the farm equipment installed behind it.

 Thai Type
Unlike the previous type, the Thai type is a two-wheeled tractor that has a simple structure
by relying on a diesel motor and water cooling. The installed control rod is longer and
heavier than the traction type tractor. The power generated by the Thai type is much
greater, which is 6 to 12 PS.

Step-by-step procedure of operating a two-wheel tractor:

START DIESEL ENGINE (Kohler diesel engine)
1. Using the dipstick provided, check the engine oil level. Top up with 10w/40 oil if
necessary.
2. Check fuel level. Only use diesel from a clean container. Never re-fuel when the engine
is hot or running.
3. Before starting the engine ensure the gear lever (D) is in neutral position and the power
take-off (PTO) lever is disengaged (E).
4. Apply ¾ throttle (F).
5. Move the engine stop lever (B) to position 1 ‘ON’.
6. Pull the recoil start handle gently until it engages then give it a good strong pull to start
the engine.
7. Once the engine has started return the throttle lever (F) to idle position.

STARTING OF THE two-wheel tractor

1. Use handlebar adjuster (G) to set handlebar height.
2. Hold the handlebar and pull up the clutch lever (C).
3. Depress the OPC lever (A) and select the correct working speed using the gear lever
(D).
4. Ensure forward/reverse lever is in the correct position to move forward (L): If the
handlebars are positioned over the engine then this lever should be in the fully back
position. If the handlebars are positioned over the implement then it should be in the
fully forward position.
5. Engage drive to the working implement by using the PTO lever (E): If the handlebars
are positioned over the engine then pull the PTO lever (E) towards you. If the
handlebars are positioned over the implement then push the PTO lever (E) away from
you.
6. Release clutch lever (C) slowly and fully, keeping the red machine stop lever depressed
as the machine will stop if released.
7. Move the throttle lever to the correct position for the implement you are operating

STOPPING
1. Close the throttle (F).
2. Engage clutch lever (C).
3. Locate gear lever (D) in neutral position.
4. Disengage drive to the digging knives by pulling the PTO lever (E) backwards.
5. Release clutch lever (C).
6. Release the OPC lever (A) completely.
7. Move the engine stop lever (B) to position O ‘STOP’.

Safety Operation:
 Read the operator’s manuals before operating or servicing this equipment.
 Disengage the PTO and shift into neutral before starting engine.
 Disengage all clutches and shift into neutral before starting engine.
 Handle gasoline with care.
 Keep shields, guards and safety devices in place.
 Keep hands and feet away from moving parts.
 Never allow children to operate the equipment.
  Be alert for danger to bystanders, property and for terrain hazards.
 Keep hands and feet away from moving parts.
 Stay alert for persons and hazards.
 Before leaving operator’s position:
- Put PTO control in the out position.
- Remove ignition key.
- Engage FWD
-REV and Hi-Lo controls

Possible troubles, causes, and remedy/solution of a two-wheel tractor:

Symptoms
Failure to Start
Gears failing to engage
Low Engine Power
Tractor will not turn
Smoke coming from the
Clutch thrust bearing
Engine failing to cut when
accelerator is pushed down
Tractor keeps moving when the
clutch is in neutral or park
position
Engine difficult to turn when
starting
Possible Causes Remedies
No fuel Fill in the fuel tank
Check the start lever Return
Start lever is in Off position
the lever to on
Decompression lever is not
Position
returning to its off position
Fuel leak between tank and Repair the connection
injector
Fuel supply lever is closed Check the supply lever
Injector pump not working Replace
Injector blocked Check the injector
Inlet and exhaust valves Check the valves
closing
Cylinder and gasket damaged Replace
Excessive worn out rings Replace
Thrust bearing worn Replace
out/clutch fingers worn out
No gear oil Fill in the oil
Rust in the gear box Make use of the rust remover
Blocked fuel pipe Check the pipe
Faulty injector Check injector
Faulty injector pump Check the pump
Worn out piston rings Replace the rings
Damaged gasket Replace
Engine speed too high
Steering clutches not set Properly set the clutches
properly
Bearing failure Replace
Accelerator lever engine stop Check the connection
link not functioning well
Worn out clutch fingers Replace
Clutch assembly support Replace
bearings damaged
Decompression lever not Check the lever
functioning
Valves not functioning well Replace the valves
 Low engine oil Fill up the oil

Proper care and maintenance of an agricultural two-wheel tractor:

 For engine maintenance please refer to engine manufacturers manual.
 After every hour of operation stop the engine and remove the spark plug cap.
 Check engine oil level
 Replace the spark plug cap.
 Do not turn the machine on its side for cleaning.
 Before checking the oil level ensure the machine is level.
 Remove the gearbox unit dipstick and ensure the oil reaches the top level mark, if
necessary top up with gear oil job.

Maintenance Schedule (Two-wheel tractor operator manual, Progress Consortium)

VI. CONCLUSION
Due to their size, two wheel tractors are able to work in places that traditional four wheel
tractors are unable to. Additionally, two wheel tractors are significantly more maneuverable than
traditional four wheel tractors. Even though they can still be used for a wide range of tasks, two-
wheel tractors are still less expensive than larger models.
During the growing season, two-wheel tractors can perform work between rows without
harming crops or compacting the soil, which can increase farm productivity. Two-wheel tractors
outperform cheap, one-purpose light duty garden rotary tillers for small farmers and gardeners.
Even though they are more expensive than these machines. Two-wheel tractors can do a lot of
different things, and if maintained property will last a lifetime.
In the Cordilleras, two-wheel tractors are definitely the choice for agricultural use as it fits
the needs and requirements of the upland farmers. Proper safety operations and maintenance will
prolong the life of this machine.

VII. REFERENCE(S)
BCS. (2015). BCS Two Wheel Tractors Owners Manual.

Maunelli., A. B. (2021, March 31). Two-Wheeled Tractor: Types and Components. YaleTools.

https://yaletools.com/two-wheel-tractor/

Two-wheel tractor operator manual. (n.d.).

Vin Rowe Walking Tractors. (2021, September 22). Why a Walking Tractor? –. Walking Tractors.

https://www.walkingtractorsaustralia.com.au/why-a-walking-tractor/