CHAPTER 10

PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT
 LEARNING OBJECTIVES

After studying this unit, the student will be able to

CHAPTER OUTLINE
 PERSONALITY

“Personality is the dynamic

organization within individual of
those psychological systems that
determine his unique adjustments to
his environment.”
 ELEMENTS OF PERSONALITY

CHARACTER
Denotes Conative behavior (WILL)

TEMPERAMENT
Denotes affective behv. (EMOTIONS)

INTELLECT
Denotes Cognitive Behv. (INTELLIGENCE)
PHYSIQUE
Denotes bodily configuration & neuro-endocrine endowment (glands,
nervous system, bodily configuration).
TOPOGRAPHY (FEATURES) OF PERSONALITY

ENDURING (LONG LASTING) TRAITS

UNIQUENESS

END PRODUCT

ASSOCIATION OF TRAITS

MORE THAN SUM OF ITS PART

DYNAMIC

ADJUSTMENT
 FACTORS AFFECTING PERSONALITY
DEVELOPMENT
FACTORS ARE AFFECTING
PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT

Biological factors Socio-cultural

factors

INTERNAL Home environment

External and parents
*Herediatry
*Drugs, alcoholism School
*Endocrine glands
*Disease and health environment and Cultural
(Pituitary, adrenal, teachers Mass media
status enviornment
thyroid and gonads
*Diet/ malnutrition Peer groups
Sibiling
relationship
 HIPPOCRATES CLASSIFICATION OF PERSONALITY
TYPE OF BODY PERSONALITY TYPE CHARACTERISTIC
FLUID S
BLOOD SANGUINE OPTIMISTIC,
HOPEFUL, HAPPY
ETC.
PHLEGM PHLEGMATIC SLOW AND
LETHARGIC
BLACK BILE MELANCHOLIC SAD, DEPRESSED
YELLOW BILE CHOLERIC ANGRY
ERNST KRETSCHMER CLASSIFICATION OF
PERSONALITY
WILLIAM SHELDON CLASSIFICATION OF PERSONALITY
KARL JUNG CLASSIFICATION OF PERSONALITY
APPROACHES TO STUDY PERSONALITY
DEVELOPMENT

Type and Dynamic

trait approaches
approaches

Learning and
Humanistic
behavioral approach
approaches
ALLPORT’S TRAIT THEORY
CATTEL’S FACTOR-ANALYTIC THEORY
PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORY
 STAGES OF PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT
(SIGMUND FREUD)

ORAL ANAL ANAL LATENCY GENITAL

STAGE: STAGE: 18 STAGE: 18 STAGE: 6 STAGE: 13
BIRTH TO MONTHS MONTHS TO 12 TO 20
18 MONTHS TO 3YEARS TO 3YEARS YEARS YEARS
PSYCHOSOCIAL THEORY OF PERSONALITY
DEVELOPMENT (ERIK ERIKSON)
ERIKSON’S STAGES OF PSYCHOSOCIAL
DEVELOPMENT
COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT THEORY OF
PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT
ALBERT BANDURA’S SOCIAL COGNITIVE THEORY

Previous performance in
similar situations

Emotional Observational
arousal learning

Verbal persuasion
KOHLBERG’S THEORY OF MORAL DEVELOPMENT
Individual
principles of Step 1
conscience

Punishment
Step 6 and obedience
orientation

Conforms to
maintain Step 2
communities

Naïve
Step 5
hedonism

Conforms to
avoid censure Step 3
by authorities

Good boy/girl
Step 4
morality
HUMANISTIC THEORY OF PERSONALITY
DEVELOPMENT
TYPES OF PERSONALITY TEST

PERSONALITY
INVENTORIES

OBSERVATIONAL PROJECTIVE
METHODS TECHNIQUES
PERSONALITY INVENTORIES
PROJECTIVE TEST
CHARACTERISTICS OF PROJECTIVE TEST

*FREEDOM TO RESPOND
*PURPOSE OF THE TEST IS NOT DISCLOSED
*AMBIGUOUS TEST MATERIAL
*PURPOSE OF THE TEST IS NOT DISCLOSED
*NO RIGHT OR NO WRONG ANSWERS
*EVOKE RESPONSES FROM UNCONSCIOUS
*MULTIDIMENSIONALITY OF RESPONSES
IMPORTANT PROJECTIVE TECHNIQUES
WORD ASSOCIATION TEST
RORSCHACH INKBLOT TEST
 THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST

What is going to
happen?
SENTENCE COMPLETION TEST
PICTURE FRUSTRATION STDY
TOMKINS- HORN PICTURE ARRANGEMENT TEST

It consist of 25 sets of three

pictures that the subject is asked
to tell a story by putting a card in
sequence and writing a sentence
about it
SZONDI TEST
DRAW A PERSON TEST
 PSYCHODRAMA

Clients use spontaneous

dramatization to investigate and
gain insight into their lives
ALTERATION IN PERSONALITY
CAUSES OF ALTERATION IN PERSONALITY

Mental disorders

Systemic
disorder Drug
affecting abuse
brain

Disorders
affecting brain
CAUSES OF PERSONALITY DISORDERS
CLASSIFICATION OF PERSONALITY DISORDERS
MANAGEMENT OF PERSONALITY DISORDERS
 CHAPTER SUMMARY
Personality development is influenced by various factors which interacts with each
other to organize a secure individual personality. Personality is an organization of
psychological and physiological characteristics which determine individual’s
reactions to environmental stimuli. Id is innermost structure and original system of
personality. Ego is based on reality principle. It begins to develop between the age
of 4 months and 6 months. The superego might be referred to as the “Perfection
Principle”. It develops between age of 3 years and 6 years.
 ASSESS YOURSELF
• Describe the psychoanalytical theory of personality.

• Explain freud’s theory of personality.

• Describe Erick Erickson’s theory of personality development.

• What are the factors that influence the development of personality?

• Write briefly Sheldon’s classification of personality.

• Discuss the different traits integrated into one’s personality.