Group4 SetA-STEM Eng 12B

Food Reservation App for a School Canteen
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
The research paper is about the accessibility of a food reservation application for
Fidelis Senior High School. The researchers observed that students always went to the
canteen to buy food, but because of high demand, stock of food was easily consumed.
Hence, some students and teachers can’t obtain the food that they want and eat what is
available. Since ordering online is a trend, why not develop an app that will help the
students to order food online and make reservations in the canteen’s store. This study also
aims to help the students monitor the reservations of the meal or snack if it is still available
or not and to know the prices of the food.
The food reservation app has many benefits. According to Dr. Mitali Gupta (2019),
the food delivery app is very convenient because it is easy to access, more advanced, fast,
and comfortable to use. In India, restaurant owners gave privileges to the customers as they
let them see all the information about the menu that they serve. This attracts many
customers which is the key to the growth of their business. In addition to this, N.
Thamaraiselvan, Chandrasekar, K. S., and Jayadevan, G. R. (2019), also stated that food
delivery application is a successful idea that expands in India. The number of tech savvies
also increased in the country so, it is a great help in the food industry because they just
order from their home or companies. Another study by Noorazlin Ramli et al. (2021), stated
that the Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM) Terengganu Campus and Universiti Sultan
Zainal Abidin (UniSZA) Campus’ students also use electronic food orders because it
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considers the control of the customers, the good marketing strategy and promotes the usage
of technology. There’s also a fast change in upgraded mobile phones and continuous
release of applications, so students access the internet effortlessly. However, the number
of packages from food deliveries (FD) has increased, one example is in China. The
packaging wastes were mixed with municipal waste and thrown away through sanitary
landfilling, 62% of the people in 2016 did this. An average of 32% of the people in China
use burning or incineration, and 6% of the people dispose of their waste through illegal
disposing and open burning (Li, Mirosa, & Bremer, 2020).
Most of the students of Fidelis Senior High School bought their food in the cafeteria
so it is inevitable that there will be a line or queue. This motivates the researchers to find a
solution to lessen this kind of issue. Also in this study, the researchers will prove that the
development and accessibilty of a cafeteria food reservation app can help in many ways. It
is a very useful technique, as this will help students manage their time better, as they need
to reserve the food and easily pick it up. The aim of the application is to assist users in
purchasing food items in cafeterias and enjoying better service than they are offered now
in their current system.
The researchers might encounter such a difficulty. Promoting their ideas or research
would be a challenge, specifically for the students. Students may be uninterested because
some prefer to order by hand at the school cafeteria. Therefore, even if the researchers try
to promote their idea by showcasing their application online or personally, it would not be
implemented. However, using evidence such as results from other published research and
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showing the benefits of a food reservation app can help build their image and increase their
credibility, helping them persuade students.
This study aims to have an accessible food reservation app to the school
community. A food reservation app is an online food ordering and granting application for
students’ convenience. Students or a teacher can order the food online, make the
reservations in the canteen’s store, pick up the order and pay at a cafeteria counter or
takeout orders from their convenient delivery stalls and it can save time by avoiding long
lines at the cafeteria.
Statement of the Problem
This study aims to develop a mobile application that is accessible to the students
and teachers that will lessen the number queuing in the school cafeteria.
Through this study, the researchers would like to tackle and answer the following
questions:
1. What is the impact of the food reservation app on students and teachers?
2. What is the level of satisfaction and helpfulness in using the working food reservation
app prototype?
3. What are the benefits of a food reservation app on students and teachers?
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Significance of the Study
The findings in this study will be beneficial to the following:
Students. Students can benefit from a food queuing app in a variety of ways. First,
waiting to order would be irrelevant, as they can order anywhere and would only worry
about claiming the food. Furthermore, crowding in front of stores would be reduced due to
the shorter procedure. They will also have more time on their recess time because of the
lessened time from queuing at the stalls.
Teachers. Teachers, like students, get the same benefits from a queuing app.
However, given their heavy workload, the ability to order online comes in handy. Because
they can just task a student to get it for them while they focus on their work and/or get the
order personally without spending too much time lining up at the stalls.
Institutions. Institutions would gain less foot traffic in the cafeteria. It will be
beneficial for the institution because the implementation of social distancing will be more
effective as more students and school staff will be able to do their purchase immediately
without causing too much interaction with other students.
Community. The community will benefit from this study just like the institution
benefits from this application development. It will help the community of the Fidelis Senior
High School to have less students waiting in line in the cafeteria. Also, it will help the
students and school staff to lessen their time in ordering meals in the canteen. Lastly, the
stalls will keep on track whether they still have stocks for a particular meal.
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Scope and Delimitation
The study is comparative research focusing on how often or how long students in
FAITH Fidelis Senior High School wait in line to buy food in the canteen. Also, the scope
of this study is to know the impact of developing a food reservation app on the students and
the campus. This study also covers the difference between using the application and
queueing to order in person.
In addition, the study delimited only for the students or teachers at FAITH Fidelis
Senior High. Due to modernization of our technology, most people, especially the students,
have their own gadgets. So why not introduce this study to them? The study focuses on the
accessibility of food reservation app to the school. It has been created with the aim of
reducing food waste by providing students with more insight into the options that are
available.
Limitations of the Study
There are numerous limitations to this study that affect the researcher's findings. First,
as convenient as it may seem, the app does not go with a delivery system, so customers would
have to claim their order themselves. Furthermore, they may receive incorrect orders.
Basically, the app would only be a queuing system, just like in many fast-food restaurants.
Additionally, there's a chance that the app won't operate properly the first time it's used due
to the large number of students utilizing it. It's possible that the software will take longer
than expected to generate the food reservation, which will annoy the students.
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Conceptual Framework
To better understand all of the information in this study, Input-Process-Output (IPO)
Method is utilized to guide the researchers as they conduct the research. It is written in a box,
with arrows outside the box to make the flow better to understand.
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
Conceptualizing After finalizing the Interactive

the design and design and the queuing and
how the interfaces of the reservation
application will app, the app making application for the
work. such as inputting Fidelis community
necessary codes will that have the
Making a be made in order for information of the
prototype of the the app to work. stalls in Space
app on how it will Lounge.
work.
Deciding which
codes will work
for the
application.
Figure 1. Conceptual Framework
The diagram shows the process of how the capstone project will take place. The first
box or input depicts conceptualization and how the application will function. The researchers
will create or enter codes to create a website and discover a website that can provide some
suggestions for creating a template. The second box which tackles the process of how the
capstone will be made. And for the last box, the researchers aim to have an output that meets
the expectations which is a food reservation app for Fidelis Senior High.
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Definition of Terms
The following terms are operationally defined for a better understanding of the study.
Queuing - having a service facility at which units of some kind (generically called
“customers”) arrive for service.
Prototype - working model of a product or information system, usually built for
demonstration purposes or as part of the development process.
Interface - a device or a system that unrelated entities use to interact.

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CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
Satisfaction about Services
According to Jolt (2022), using digital tools allows restaurants to comply faster
and serve freshly cooked foods. KPMG (2019) provides new statistics. Technologies in the
food sector have also influenced the emergence of new trends and improved greater
customer happiness and restaurant owners' decision-making especially in the millennium
market share, where restaurants generate the most cash. According to research by Tillster
(2020), more than 65% of consumers believe that if a restaurant offers free WIFI, people
are more inclined to visit and stay there regularly. provides self-service tools, such kiosks,
to make ordering easier. fast and simple cuisine. This serves as additional evidence for the
Neiman (2019) study's proposed chances to integrate self-service technologies, such as
kiosk and mobile applications, might be quite advantageous for restaurant operators.
Convenience of Food Reservation App to the Students
According to B. Kurniawan and M. F. Abdul et al. (2019), the purpose of this research
is to evaluate how well ordering food and beverages manually compares to using an Android-
based app. This study used a descriptive methodology that involved observation and the
creation of an Android-based app for placing food and beverage orders. Customers, such as
students, will have the choice between using the manual technique and the app to gauge
effectiveness. The findings of this survey show that many customers favor using apps over
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placing manual orders. Customers who use the app can view and order meals and beverages
from the desk without having to visit in person. Along with comforting customers, it makes
managing each menu that is served easier for restaurant operators.
According to Vaishnav Kanade et al. (2019), their suggested solution is an easy-to-
use online food ordering platform for customers. Customers can easily place orders as they
like using the online food ordering system, which sets up a food menu online. Additionally,
customers can easily take orders if there is a food menu. By giving each user a unique ID
and password, separate accounts are maintained for each user for more secure ordering.
Even the online restaurant menus and image uploads may be readily customized by the
restaurants and businesses. Potential customers may quickly examine a restaurant's menu
online and place orders whenever it's convenient for them. This is an automated food
ordering system with wireless communication and feedback features.
Perks of Food Reservation App on Campus
According to Alvi et al. (2019), Businesses have produced restaurant reservation
software to make the process faster and more comfortable for both restaurant staff and
customers as technological advancements have increased the number of people with constant
access to the Internet. Online restaurant reservations, which may be made on a restaurant's
personal website or through a third-party reservation service, have been possible thanks to
the software. The benefits of having a food reservation app are endless. Students can share
their ideas or suggestions with others in case they want something different than what is
available on the website. Furthermore, Kambli et al. (2020), states that customer satisfaction
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at the campus dining service is adversely affected by lengthy delays. Most studies
emphasized recruiting more staff to provide timely service. However, financial limitations
or a lack of a skilled workforce may prevent capacity increase from being practical.
Aid of Food Reservation App
According to K.C. Tharun and P. Sathish Kumar, et al. (2021) mobile based online
restaurant reservation system, all restaurants run a manual reservation system and the
customers are desirous to find a handy application for table reservation or other services
avoiding physical contact to the restaurant or contacting by call or reserving through a
middle man. This helps the customers to have an effective booking of their tables or hold
their accessible table with holding up through an android application. One of the concepts
of the mobile based online reservation system using android application is that the customer
can choose and reserve their desired table, their desired time, and number of seats that they
will need. The main objective of conducting mobile based online reservation is to provide
ordering and reservation service facility to restaurants and also to the customer.
Moreover, a study from Breathnach et al. (2020) states that UK company workers
tried website pre-ordering in the company’s canteen. Other than packed lunches, the
company canteen is another option for lunch breaks. For that reason, office workers spend
more time eating lunch during break time at work than during their leisure time at home.
Since a large number of office workers were observed in the canteen during break time, a
pre-ordering website designed only for the company’s canteen was offered. The system of
pre-ordering online helped UK workers in many ways. The KAP-gap (or knowledge-
attitudes-practice-gap) of the people will be lessened since the workers will be choosing what
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to eat ahead of time and will not trigger hunger because of visual stimulus. The system also
helped the workers save time and choose the meal they wanted. That’s why the study was
accepted by many of the participants, as the workers practically experienced ordering food
on the canteen’s website.
Justification of the Study
Every break time in school, students in FAITH Fidelis Senior High School spend
their time in the canteen and personally buy their food there. Therefore, the food reservation
app will be made to handle the large number of students waiting to buy food in the school
canteen. Making an online food reservation app will include a step-by-step process. First is
creating a business model. Many business models should be considered, example is the
Aggregator Model. Next is designing the app, it should be appealing to the users or
customers, and it should be fast, easy to use, and easy to understand. The business should
also hire an IT professional partner to handle the technicalities. Last, the design features are
the most necessary features to be included in the reservation application. Like, the sign-in
feature, the reviews and feedback from the customers, reservation confirmation, etc. (Hiral
Thaker, 2021).
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CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Methods of Research
The researchers used a true experimental research method to analyze effectiveness
of using the food reservation app and not using it. True experimental research is often
referred to as a randomized experiment. It is also described as a study that experimentally
manipulates the independent variable with at least one dependent outcome (SAGE
Research Methods - Encyclopedia of Research Design, n.d.). True experimental research
is used to measure the relationship of the effectiveness of the application to the selected
group of students.
Changing one or more independent variables and applying them to one or more
dependent variables to observe how they impact the former is the scientific method of
doing experimental research. The impact of the independent variables on the dependent
variables is frequently observed and monitored over time to assist researchers in drawing
a plausible conclusion regarding the link between these two types of variables. An article
by Shrutika Sirisilla (2023) stated, as an example, a researcher who gathered a plant and
exposed it to sunlight. The researcher compared its changes with those of other variables,
like soil or water, and confirmed that its changes were due to the sunlight and not the others.
Hence, it proves that through testing and observation, experimental research will provide
more conclusive and specific results. Also, a solid research strategy like an experimental
design that addresses the core research topic, structures the study for simpler data
processing, and aids in the establishment of good decision-making processes will help the
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research itself and the researchers to provide more evidence as well as improve the product
or the variable being tested.
It will also use true experimental method design mainly to determine if there is an
effect on the effectiveness of the app when the level of using it is changed. According to
Bell (2009), the method of doing research in an objective and controlled manner in order
to optimize and derive particular conclusions about a hypothesis statement is known as
experimental design. In general, the goal is to determine the influence factor or independent
variable on a dependent variable. The purpose of this study is to discuss and contrast the
efficiency of using the app. The statement is an effective statistical method for determining
a cause-and-effect link between different variables is true experimental design. After
analyzing the collected data through feedback form, the researchers can measure the
progress and success of the study (Ontario Human Rights Commission, 2022). One of the
most accurate study designs, it offers reliable evidence to back up the existence of
correlations.
Method of Collecting Data and Development of the Research Instrument
To gather the data needed to complete the research study, the researchers used a
Likert scale feedback form type of survey questionnaire. Questionnaires is a list of
questions that is used to gather information from the respondents about their opinions,
attitudes, or experiences (Bhandari, 2021). A series of open-ended questions is known as a
questionnaire, and it is used in research to gather both qualitative and quantitative.

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Table 1. Interpretation of Responses
Verbal Interpretation Option Range
Strongly Agree 4 3.26 - 4.00
Agree 3 2.51 - 3.25
Disagree 2 1.76 - 2.50
Strongly Disagree 1 1.00 - 1.75
It required the respondents to answer the prepared question and choose their
prepared answer by ticking the circle on their responses on Google Forms. The survey
questionnaires were distributed to the students and teaching staff, with the help of that the
researcher will gather the feedback from the participants. One of the most data collection
techniques used in quantitative research. Furthermore, quantitative survey questions are
objective questions designed to elicit detailed responses from respondents. These kinds of
questions are used to collect numerical data for statistical analysis (Voxco, n.d.). Once
researchers distribute survey questionnaires to respondents, they immediately examine and
gather data from them. This type of data collection is both confidential and functional.
An informal test of an unstructured survey or questionnaire with a sample of
potential respondents who may identify any potential issues is known as a pretesting
survey, also known as skirmishing or respondent debriefing. The researcher must include
numerous evaluation questions at the end of the survey to get their input. The respondents
also have the freedom to suggest ways to improve the mobile application. These inquiries
about survey content, comprehension, acceptability, difficulty, design, and length might be
either open-ended or closed-ended (Mahmutovic, 2021).

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Development of Prototype
To make a prototype, the researchers used the website Uizard in order for them to
start their prototype for application. Uizard is an AI-powered UI tool that is used for
designing wireframes, mockups, and prototypes in minutes and it has pre-made design
templates for the users to use for their projects. Also, in line with making the logos and the
front screen of the prototype, the researchers used Canva to have more choices, templates,
and options to design the application. Canva is a free to use online designing platform that
can create social media posts, presentations, posters, videos, logos, and more and it helps
the researchers to level up their skills even when they are just amateur.
In the website of Uizard, there are already buttons, icons, images, text, shapes, and
templates the researchers used for their project. First, the researchers chose an empty
template to start their prototype. Second, they add their splash screen which contains their
logo and application name by adding a picture made from Canva. Then the researchers
added a second page to choose if the signee is a student or a concessionaire/canteen. On
the next pages you will see the interface of a student sign-up and concessionaire/canteen
to make an account or log-in an account. After signing-in as a student, the application will
show you the main home where the name of the stores is listed and under them is the food
menu for the day. On the side of concessionaires/canteen, they will have two screens which
are for adding a new meal or food and to see the orders the students placed on the
application. After placing your order and confirming it, you will get an online receipt that
you will need to present at the stall to pay and pick up for your food.
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To make the prototype work the researchers used the tool “interact” on the website
to connect the buttons and icons with the other pages of the prototype. And the last step the
researchers did for their prototype is that they seek some help from an experienced and
knowledgeable adult about the “concessionaire’s’ part” of the prototype, and they were
provided with an excel document containing how the prototype will work on the
“concessionaire’s’ part” of the prototype.
In making the actual application, the developer installed Flutter on their computer.
There are instructions you can follow on the Flutter website to do this. To create a new
Flutter project the developer used the command flutter create <project-name> in the
terminal or command prompt. Set up Firebase in the Flutter project by following the
instructions on the Firebase website. This involves creating a Firebase project, adding the
Android/iOS app to the project, and downloading the Firebase configuration files for the
app. Create a new Flutter widget for the cell phone's home screen. This will be the screen
that students will see when they open the app. The developer added a simple UI to this
screen that shows a list of menus and allows students to select a menu to order.
The next step after creating on the Flutter website is to set up Cloud Firestore in the
Flutter app by following the instructions on the Firebase website. This involves creating a
Cloud Firestore database, adding a collection to the database for menus, and adding some
initial menu data to the collection. Second is adding codes to the Flutter app to read the
menu data from the Cloud Firestore database and display it on the home screen. The
developer used the cloud_firestore package to read the data from the database and the
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ListView widget to display the list of menus. Next step is adding a new Flutter screen for
the order page. This will be the screen that students will see when they select a menu to
order. You can add a simple UI to this screen that shows the details of the menu and allows
students to enter the quantity of the menu they want to order. After adding the details of
the menu, the developer added codes to the Flutter app to write the order data to the Cloud
Firestore database when the student places an order. The researchers used the
cloud_firestore package to write the data to the database. Lastly, test the app on an Android
or iOS device or emulator to make sure everything is working as expected. The developer
can use the flutter run command to run the app on a connected device or emulator.
Prototype Designing 18
Uizard Website
for Designing
Front Page Students

Design button
Registering Email
Canteen Home Page
Canteen (Click Register or
button (Shows store menu)
Login)
Students
Home Page Add Button

List of Orders Page
(Shows food stalls (Upload Menu Data)
from canteen)
Edit Menu Data Order Confirmation

Drop Down Menu
of Store From (Data Download) (Ordered Food and
Concessionaire Details)
Placing and Order Confimation

Confirming Orders
(Order Receipt from Concessionaire,
(Click Continue) “Thank you for ordering to us.”)
Order Cancellation
(Order Receipt, “feedback from

concessionaire”)
Prototype Design
Figure 2. Prototype Development

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Sampling Design
In this study, the researchers used a direct sampling method where everyone in the
population has an equal chance of being chosen. Because of having little knowledge in
sampling, the researchers decided to use randomization for convenience. However, when
it comes to choosing randomly, ensuring reliability is required.
The size of population is 865 students in Grade Eleven, and 626 students in Grade
Twelve will make up an exact total of 1,941 students at Fidelis Senior High School. The
study's population is mostly Fidelis Senior High students including the 46 teaching
personnel. The researchers used a Raosoft sample size calculator for more convenience of
getting the sample size. With a 5% margin of error, a 95% confidence level and 50%
response distribution, the Raosoft sample size calculator gave 267 respondents for the
grade eleven students, and 239 respondents for the grade twelve students. With a total of
506 respondents from the population of Fidelis Senior High School.
Table 2. Distribution of Respondents
Participants Distribution of Population Sample Unit
Grade 11 865 267
Grade 12 626 239
Teachers 46 42
Total 1,537 548
Table 2 summarizes the distribution of respondents. The first column shows grade
level and teaching staff at Fidelis Senior High, the second column reveals the number of
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students and teachers, and the third column reveals its sample. Out of 865 Grade eleven
students, 267 will be chosen randomly as respondents. While for Grade twelve amongst
626 students, 239 will be selected. Lastly for the teaching staff, out of 46 teachers, 42 of
them will be chosen randomly as participants. Therefore, a total of 548 participants will be
randomly selected among 1,537 school community of Fidelis Senior High.
Statistical Treatment of Data
The researchers selected these appropriate statistical methods to analyze the
gathered data. The methods are listed below:
Frequency. Frequency makes it simple for the researcher to quickly glance over
all of the data. It displays the observations’ high and low points as well as whether they
are grouped together in one spot or dispersed over the entire scale (Manikandan, 2011).
Mean. The mean or the average is the total sum of values in a simple divided by
the number of values in the sample. It is also the given set of n values, one can add all
together the values in the set then divide by n to find the mean (Hurley & Tenny, 2022).
Where: X = mean
∑x = sum of all scores
N = number of cases
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CHAPTER IV
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
This chapter includes the presentation, analysis, and interpretation of the data
gathered by the researchers. With the results of the survey conducted by the researchers.
These are presented in tables, figures and diagrams following the sequence of the specific
objectives of the study.
Product Development
Install Flutter on your Create a new Flutter project.
computer.
Create a new Flutter widget for Set up Firebase in your Flutter

your home screen. project.
Add code to your Flutter app to

Set up Cloud Firestore in your read the menu data from the
Flutter. Cloud Firestore database and
display it on the home screen.
Add code to your Flutter app to

write the order data to the Cloud Add a new Flutter screen for the
Firestore database when the order page.
student places an order.
Test your app on an Android or

iOS device or emulator to make
sure everything is working as
expected.
Figure 3. Product Development

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The first step is to install Flutter on your computer and create a new Flutter project
using the command flutter create. The second step is to set up Firebase in your Flutter
project by following the instructions on the Firebase website. Third step: create a new
Flutter widget for your home screen. The fourth step is to set up Cloud Firestore in your
Flutter app by following the instructions on the Firebase website. The fifth step is to add
code to your Flutter app to read the menu data from the Cloud Firestore database and
display it on the home screen. After that, add a new Flutter screen for the order page to
show the details of the menu and allow students to enter the quantity of the menu they want
to order. Lastly, test your app on an Android or iOS device or emulator to make sure
everything is working as expected.
Figure 4. Front Page of the App Figure 5. Sign-up Interface as Student or Canteen
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Figure 6. Registration Interface as Student
Figure 7. Registration Interface as Canteen

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Figure 8. Home Page as Student
Figure 9. Home Page as Canteen

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Figure 10. Drop Down Menu of the Concessionaire
Figure 11. Order Confirmation Figure 12. Order Receipt

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Figure 13. Adding of Menu for the Concessionaires
Figure 14. Interface of List of Orders Received by the Concessionaires

ORDER
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Log-in using space go The screen will go to Choose among the

email and password. the home page and the option or selection of
food stuff selections food stuff.
will appear.
Proceed to continue, the Click on what you want The screen shows the
receipt will appear on to order, then click the menu of the selected
the screen. "order now" button. food stuff and how
much the food is.
Go to the stall of the

selected food stuff and
show the receipt to pay
and claim the order.
Figure 15. Ordering Process as a Student

Registration 28
Open space go app. The screen shows the Click the “create
option between student account” button below
and concessionaire,
select one.
The account is created Put your name, email

and it can use to register you want on the app and
on the space go app. a strong password.
Figure 16. Account Registration on the App

Concessionaire
Open
Log inspace
using go appgo
space
Log in using space go The screen will go to
email and password as a email and password as a the home page and list
concessionaire concessionaire of products will appear
Concessionaire can see Concessionaire can

the order of the edit their menu to add
customer. On the other their product using the
interface of the app plus sign. They can
then click done if the also delete the using
transaction is done the delete button
Figure 17. Adding of Menu on the App

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Data Analysis
The "Accessibility of Food Reservation App for Fidelis Senior High School" survey
was created to evaluate the application's usability and precision when placing orders for
food from the school canteen. The Likert scale, a four-point quantitative data gathering
instrument, was employed by the researchers when creating the survey questionnaire. To
ascertain how respondents feel about the product or prototype, researchers frequently
utilize a Likert scale (Fleetwood, 2018).
The researchers used Google Forms, which were created by Google, to collect the
data required for the study. With a goal response rate of 506, it was sent out via Messenger
to students in Grades 11 and 12 at Fidelis Senior High School and to the teaching staff. The
statistical method used to assess the data after acquiring the necessary data is mean and
frequency. This allowed the researchers to determine how often values occur in the data
when they are grouped together. Researchers promptly review and collect data from survey
questionnaires after distributing them to participants. This kind of data gathering is both
practical to the researchers and confidential to the participants.
Moreover, for the total of respondents, the researchers chose to use a website called
Raosoft sample size calculator. Simply enter the confidence level, response distribution,
and margin of error percentage. Then, the website will come up with a sample size derived
from the Fidelis Senior High School population of over 1,537 students. However, to
identify the respondents, the researchers proceed with random sampling. Random sampling
is a sampling technique and the simplest form of collecting data, as each sample has an
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equal chance of being chosen from an entire population. Though it is an impartial sampling,
one drawback is that a complete population list is required (“What Is Random Sampling?
Definition of Random Sampling, Random Sampling Meaning - the Economic Times”,
April 2023). For the random sampling, the researchers use the ‘Spin the Wheel’ program,
with the list of the names by grade and section of the students and department of teaching
staff, to proceed random selection from a set of inputs with weights.
Presentation and Interpretation of the Data
Level of Satisfaction
Item number 1. The loading of the menu of the application is enough for my
breaktime.
Table 3. Results of Question No. 1 of Level of Satisfaction
Verbal Interpretation Frequency Percentage

Strongly Agree 276 50.36%
Agree 180 32.85%
Disagree 92 16.79%
Strongly Disagree 0 0
Total 548 100%
With the graph’s visualization, the highest percentage is the number ‘4’ which
corresponds to “Strongly Agree” with 276 responses and a percentage of 50.36%, which
means that the loading of the menu of the application is enough for their break time. The
second highest percentage is 32.85% which is from option 3 “Agree”. This indicates that
the loading menu of the is enough. There is a percentage of 16.79% and 92 responses for
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the choice “Disagree”, it means that the loading menu of the application is not enough for
their break time. Lastly the “Strongly Disagree” got 0 percent or 0 responses.
Item number 2. The food menu provided in the application is readable and clear.

Agree 169 30.84%
Disagree 0 0
Total 548 100%
With the data gathered, 69.16% or a total of 379 responses are from option number
4, which is “Strongly Agree”, that means that most respondents agree that the food menu
provided in the application is readable and clear. 169 respondents with 30.84% have agreed
to the statement “The food menu provided in the application is readable and clear.”. On the
other hand, the option 2 and 1 got 0 responses; it means that none of them disagreed on the
statement.
32
Item number 3. The application is easy to navigate on my phone.

Agree 171 31.20%
Disagree 80 14.60%
Strongly Disagree 1 0.18%
Total 548 100
In accordance with the graph, only 0.18% or 1 of the participants strongly disagree
with the statement, and 14.60% or 80 of them disagree with it. On the other hand, 31.20%
or 171 out of 548 students that participated in the survey chose “Agree”. While 54.01% or
296 individuals, which is the majority of the participants, strongly agreed with it, which
implies that the application is easy to navigate on the phone.
Item number 4. The menu buttons of the application are not complicated.

Agree 177 32.30%
Disagree 5 0.91%
Total 548 100
From the graph above, a large majority of respondents, which is 67.79% or 366
respondents answered “Strongly Agree”. However, 32.30% or 177 respondents “Agree”
which is the second highest. Therefore, the majority of the participants that the menu
buttons of the application are not complicated. Only 5 responded with 0.91%, no
33
respondent “Strongly Disagree. Based on the analysis above the researchers determine that
the button of the application is not complicated for the participants.
Item number 5. I am satisfied with the service of the application.

Agree 196 35.77%
Disagree 4 0.73%
Total 548 100
The table presents 348 respondents or 63.50% “Strongly Agree” which is the
highest percentage of responses, which means the majority of the respondents was satisfied
with the service of the application. Hence, the second highest 35.77% with 196 responses
is the option “Agree”. However, the second to the last was “Disagree” with an average
percentage of 0.73% with 4 responses. Another response is the “Strongly Agree” with no
answers from the respondents garnering 0% in the table.

34
Mean of Level of Satisfaction of the App.
Table 8. Weighted Mean, Composite Mean and Verbal Interpretation of Level of
Satisfaction of the App
Weighted Verbal
Statements
Mean Interpretation
The loading of the menu of the

3.34 Strongly Agree
application is enough for my breaktime.
The food menu provided in the

3.69 Strongly Agree
application is readable and clear.
The application is easy to navigate on

3.39 Strongly Agree
my phone.
The menu buttons of the application are

3.66 Strongly Agree
not complicated.
I am satisfied with the service of the

3.63 Strongly Agree
application.
Composite Mean 3.54 Strongly Agree
From the table above, it shows that the statement “The loading of the menu of the
application is enough for my breaktime.” has a 3.34 weighted mean with a verbal
interpretation of Strongly Agree. The second statement “The food menu provided in the
application is readable and clear.” has a 3.69 weighted mean with a verbal interpretation of
Strongly Agree. The statement “The application is easy to navigate on my phone.” has a
3.39 with a verbal interpretation of Strongly Agree. The fourth statement “The menu
buttons of the application are not complicated.” has 3.66 weighted mean with a verbal
interpretation of Strongly Agree. And lastly, statement “I am satisfied with the service of
35
the application.” has a 3.63 weighted mean with a verbal interpretation of Strongly Agree.
Also, according to the table, the “Level of Satisfaction of the App” has a 3.54 composite
mean with a verbal interpretation of Strongly Agree. Using the app provides convenience
and satisfaction for Fidelis Senior High School students and employees to browse and order
food and drinks only from the desk, without the need to come in person (B. Kurniawan &
M. F. Abdul, 2019).
Level of Helpfulness of the App
Item number 1. The app helps me save more time in ordering food
Table 9. Results of Question No.1 of Level of Helpfulness of the App

Agree 216 39.42%
Disagree 4 0.73%
Total 548 100%
Based on the gathered, option number 4, which is “Strongly Agree” has the highest
percentage with 59.85% or a total of 328 responses. Second is option number 3, which is
“Agree” with a percentage of 39.42% or a total of 216 responses. It means that the majority
of the participants save more time in ordering food using the app. Third is option number
2, where 4 out of 548 or 0.73% respondents have disagreed with the statement. Lastly the
option number 1 got 0 percentage with 0 respondent.

36
Item number 2. The system of the application is helpful in placing my orders ahead
of time.

Agree 177 32.30%
Disagree 3 0.55%
Total 548 100%
With all the data gathered, 67.15% or a total of 368 respondents chose option
number 4 which is “Strongly Agree”. While the other majority of the respondents agreed
on the statement. 177 respondents or 32.30% have agreed to the statement. On the other
hand, 0.55% or 3 respondents disagree and the last option which is “Strongly disagree” got
0% or none of the respondents chose that option.
Item number 3. The concessionaires are able to receive correct orders.

Agree 204 37.23%
Disagree 5 0.91%
Total 548 100%
The table shows that the respondents in option 4 which is “Strongly Agree” got
61.86% or a total of 339 respondents. That means the majority of respondents agreed on
the statement. The second highest percentage is 37.23% or 204 respondents in option
37
number 3 which is “Agree”. On the other hand, 0.91% or 5 respondents chose “Disagree”,
it means that they disagree on the statement. Lastly the option 1 got 0% or 0 respondent.
Item number 4. The app creates fast and efficient transactions.
Verbal Interpretion Frequency Percentage

Agree 195 35.58%
Disagree 2 0.36%
Total 548 100%
With 351 responses and a percentage of 64.05% percent, the choice “Strongly
Agree” has the highest percentage, indicating that the app creates fast and efficient
transactions. The second largest option is “Agree” which includes 195 responses and a
proportion of 35.58%, indicating that they agreed in the statement. There is a percentage
of 0.36% and 2 responses for the choice “Disagree”, meaning that they did not agree that
the app creates fast and efficient transactions. The last option which is “Strongly Disagree”
has 0 responses.
38
Item number 5. The app enables me to see the different menus from the
concessionaires.
Table 13. Results of Question No.5 of Level of Helpfulness of App

Agree 161 29.38%
Disagree 3 0.55%
Total 548 100%
According to the table given, the highest percentage is the number ‘4’ which
corresponds to “Strongly Agree” with 384 responses and a percentage of 70.07%, meaning
they agree that the app enables them to see the different menus from the concessionaires.
Then on the second highest, which has the response of “Agree” with 161 responses and a
percentage of 29.38%. While on the option “Disagree”, there's a percentage of 0.55% and
3 responses, implying that they disagree with the statement. Lastly, the option 1 which is
“Strongly Disagree” has no responses.

39
Mean of Level of Helpfulness of the App.
Table 14. Weighted Mean, Composite Mean and Verbal Interpretation of Level of
Helpfulness of the App
Weighted Verbal
Statements
Mean Interpretation
The app helps me save more time in

3.59 Strongly Agree
ordering food.
The system of the application is helpful

3.67 Strongly Agree
in placing my orders ahead of time.
The concessionaires are able to receive

3.61 Strongly Agree
correct orders.
The app creates fast and efficient

3.64 Strongly Agree
transactions.
The app enables me to see the different

3.70 Strongly Agree
menus from the concessionaires.
Composite Mean 3.62 Strongly Agree
In accordance to the table, it shows that the statement “The app helps me save more
time in ordering food.” has a 3.59 weighted mean with a verbal interpretation of Strongly
Agree. The second statement “The system of the application is helpful in placing my orders
ahead of time.” has a 3.67 weighted mean with a verbal interpretation of Strongly Agree.
The statement “The concessionaires are able to receive correct orders.” has a 3.61 with a
verbal interpretation of Strongly Agree. The fourth statement “The app creates fast and
efficient transactions.” has 3.64 weighted mean with a verbal interpretation of Strongly
Agree. And lastly, statement “The app enables me to see the different menus from the
concessionaires.” has a 3.70 weighted mean with a verbal interpretation of Strongly Agree.
40
Also, according to the table, the “Level of Helpfulness of the App” has a 3.62 composite
mean with a verbal interpretation of Strongly Agree. The ability to preserve time was cited
as a major motivator for personnel to use the pre-ordering webpage. For pre-order
collecting, it was recommended that a separate "express" queue be implemented in order
to ensure time savings (Breathnach et al., 2020).
Benefits of the App to the Community
Item number 1. It lessens the foot traffic in the canteen.
Table 15. Results of Question No.1 of Benefits of the App to the Community

Agree 204 37.23%
Disagree 8 1.46%
Strongly Disagree 1 0.18%
Total 548 100%
According to the table, out of 548 respondents, 335 respondents or 61.13% strongly
agreed that with the use of the application it lessens the food traffic in the canteen. Among
the 548 respondents, 204 of the participants or 37.23% were highly favorable. However, 8
people or 1.46% were against it, and 1 or 0.18% were strongly dissatisfied. Since the vast
majority of respondents agreed, it concludes that it does reduce foot traffic.

41
Item number 2. The app helps the campus to place their orders in an easy process.

Agree 149 27.19%
Disagree 1 0.18%
Total 548 100%
Based on the table, 72.63% or 398 respondents chose option number 4 which has
the highest percentage. This means a lot of respondents are “Strongly Agree” at the
statement the app helps the campus to place their orders in an easy process. On the other
hand, 27.19% or 149 respondents “Agree” which is second to the highest. The remaining
option is “Disagree” which has 0.18% or 1 respondent only and “Strongly Disagree”
having no responses. It means that the majority of the respondents agree that the app helps
the campus to place their orders in an easy process.

42
Item number 3. A systematic way of food ordering allows easy management of order
to the concessionaires.

Agree 159 29.01%
Disagree 0 0
Total 548 100%
Based on the table, 70.99% or 389 respondents chose option number 4 which has
the highest percentage. This means a lot of respondents are “Strongly Agree” at the
statement a systematic way of food ordering allows easy management of order to the
concessionaires. On the other hand, 29.01% or 159 respondents “Agree” which is second
to the highest. The remaining option which is “Disagree” and “Strongly Disagree” having
no responses, means that no one of the respondents disagree with the statement.
43
Weighted Mean of Benefits of the App to the Community.
Table 18. Weighted Mean, Composite Mean and Verbal Interpretation of Benefits
of the App to the Community
Weighted Verbal
Statements
Mean Interpretation
It lessens the foot traffic in the canteen. 3.60 Strongly Agree
The app helps the campus to place their

3.72 Strongly Agree
orders in an easy process.
A systematic way of food ordering

allows easy management of order to the 3.71 Strongly Agree
concessionaires.
Composite Mean 2.21 Agree
According to the table above, it shows that the statement “It lessens the foot traffic
in the canteen.” has a 3.60 weighted mean with a verbal interpretation of Strongly Agree.
The second statement “The app helps the campus to place their orders in an easy process.”
has a 3.72 weighted mean with a verbal interpretation of Strongly Agree. And lastly,
statement “A systematic way of food ordering allows easy management of order to the
concessionaires.” has a 3.71 weighted mean with a verbal interpretation of Strongly Agree.
Also, according to the table, the “Benefits of the App to the Community” has a 2.21
composite mean with a verbal interpretation of Agree. These will improve the Fidelis
Senior High School community by minimizing the number of individual queuing for food
in the cafeteria (Kambli, Sinha, & Srinivas, 2020).

44
Summary of Findings
This study was conducted to see how the food reservation app will be beneficial
and satisfy the needs of Fidelis Senior High School. Most of the participants answered with
points of strongly agree and agree to the questions as to how the application can help them
on their break time. With the verbal interpretation of Strongly Agree and Agree from the
survey, the researchers can find that implementing the application at Fidelis Senior High
School can help the students and employees to save time during their break hours.
Developing the food reservation app for a school community and giving them access to the
mobile application can help the school administration to control the volume of students and
employees dining altogether. The food reservation app will also enable the users to browse
the menus of the concessionaires, compare prices online and place their orders ahead of
time (Restaurant Reservation Systems, June 2018).

45
CHAPTER V
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION
This is the last chapter of the thesis and the most important part because it is here
where the findings, and the whole thesis for that matter, are summarized; generalizations
in the form of conclusions are made; and the recommendations for the solution of problems
discovered in the study are addressed to those concerned.
Summary of Findings
The study aims to provide an online queuing system inside the Fidelis Senior High
School campus. This study was conducted by a group of student researchers at Fidelis
Senior High School. A quantitative approach was used to determine the effectiveness of
the queuing system, and Raosoft an online website, was utilized to calculate the sampling
size. Most results showed that the majority of respondents gave positive feedback on the
questions regarding the convenience of a queuing system, with a few that expressed
dissatisfaction.
Conclusions
After finalizing the results, the researchers have concluded the following:
1. Most of the respondents are interested in implementing the mobile application for
their cafeteria.
2. There were some difficulties in launching the application when it was still on its
first version.
3. Administering the application to the school community will definitely help and
benefit the students and teachers on their daily meals in the school.
46
4. The food reservation application provides an easy process of ordering food and
shorter queues in the canteen.
5. Through the application, queuing will be a lot faster and it lessens the foot traffic
in the canteen.
6. Features such as signing in, registration, order placement and button operation
need further professional improvements.
Recommendations
The food reservation application contributes considerably to the cafeteria of Fidelis
Senior High School, but because of high demand, the stock of food was easily consumed.
Hence, some students and teachers can’t obtain the food that they want and eat only what
is available on the menu. This study also aims to help the students monitor their
reservations for the meal or snack to see if it is still available or not and to know the prices
of the food. If future researchers study this paper, they should be more successful in terms
of fixing the problems that the researchers found in the application, such as bugs and errors
that occur within the code of an application, causing it to malfunction on some interfaces,
like the main page, home page and/or aid the crash of the application. Several factors,
including poor coding methods, system incompatibilities, or unexpected user input, might
result in these kinds of issues. If developers study this research, they should also update
the codes, implement new design elements and come up with a great app idea that will
define the objectives and reasons for creating the app.

47
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52
APPENDIX
53
LETTER TO VALIDATOR
54
LETTER TO VALIDATOR
55
LETTER TO VALIDATOR
56
SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE
Indicators 4 3 2 1
Level of Satisfaction of the App
1. The loading of the menu of the application is enough

for my breaktime.
2. The food menu provided in the application is

readable and clear.
3. The application is easy to navigate on my phone.
4. The menu buttons of the application are not

complicated.
5. I am satisfied with the service of the application.
Level of Helpfulness of the App
1. The app helps me save more time in ordering food.
2. The system of the application is helpful on placing

my orders.
3. The concessionaires are able to receive correct

orders.
4. The app creates fast and efficient transactions.
5. The app enables me to see the different menus from

the concessionaires.
Benefits of the App to the Comminity
1. It lessens the foot traffic in the canteen.
2. The app helps the campus to place their orders in an

easy process.
3. A systematic way of food ordering allows easy

management of order to the concessionaires.
57
LETTER TO PRINCIPAL (STUDENT RESPONDENTS)
58
LETTER TO PRINCIPAL (TEACHER RESPONDENTS)
59
LIST OF TEACHERS AS RESPONDENTS
60
CURRICULUM VITAE
Austria, Mark Andrei E.

Barangay Poblacion 6, Tanauan City, Batangas
09561622867
S2021105028@firstasia.edu.ph
PERSONAL INFORMATION
Gender : Male
Age : 18
Weight : 58 kgs.
Height : 5’5”
Place of Birth : Tanauan City, Batangas
Date of Birth : August 20, 2004
Civil Status : Single
Religion : Roman Catholic
Languages : Filipino, English
ACADEMIC BACKGROUND
Senior High School
• First Asia Institute of Technology and Humanities

• Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics
• Tanauan City, Batangas
• 2021-2023
Junior High School
• Christian College of Tanauan

• Nova Schola Tanauan
• 2017-2021
Primary
• St. John Academy of Visual and Performing Arts

• Christian College of Tanauan
• 2011-2017
61
CURRICULUM VITAE
Canobas, Marc Joven T.

Balele, Tanauan City, Batangas
09157023498
Gender : Male
Age : 17
Weight : 55 kgs.
Height : 5’5”
Date of Birth : May 19, 2005
ACADEMIC BACKGROUND
Senior High School

• 2021-2023
Junior High School
• Balele Integrated High School

• Balele, Tanauan City, Batangas
• 2017-2021
Primary
• Balele Elementary School

• 2011-2017
62
CURRICULUM VITAE
Colorado, Carlo Andrie A.

San Roque, Sto.Tomas City, Batangas
09486573292
Gender : Male
Age : 17
Weight : 45 kgs.
Height : 5’3”
Place of Birth : San Roque, Sto. Tomas, Batangas
Date of Birth : August 16, 2005
ACADEMIC BACKGROUND
Senior High School

• 2021-2023
Junior High School
• St. Thomas Montessori

• Sto. Tomas city
• 2017-2021
Primary
• Tanauan North Central School

• 2011-2017
63
CURRICULUM VITAE
Gonzaga, Aaron, M.
Tinurik, Tanauan City, Batangas
09380633843
Gender : Male
Age : 17
Weight : 50 kgs.
Height : 5’5”
Date of Birth : October 04, 2005
ACADEMIC BACKGROUND
Senior High School

• 2021-2023
Junior High School
• Tinurik National High School

• 2017-2021
Primary
• Bagumbayan Elementary School

• 2011-2017
64
CURRICULUM VITAE
Evangelista, Geean Leigh P.

Sta. Maria, Sto. Tomas, Batangas
09173671154
Gender : Female
Age : 18
Weight : 45 kgs.
Height : 5’4”
Place of Birth : Muntinlupa City
Date of Birth : January 25, 2005
ACADEMIC BACKGROUND
Senior High School
• 2021-2023
Junior High School

• Malvar School of Arts and Trade
• Malvar, Batangas
• 2017-2021
Primary
• Blue Isle Integrated School
• Sta. Maria, Sto. Tomas, Batangas
• 2011-2017
65
CURRICULUM VITAE
Kuizon, Hannah Laine V.

Balele, Tanauan City, Batangas
09266315939
Gender : Female
Age : 18
Weight : 71 kgs.
Height : 5’2”
Place of Birth : Sto. Tomas, Batangas
Date of Birth : September 23, 2004
ACADEMIC BACKGROUND
Senior High School
• 2021-2023
Junior High School

• Wawa National High School
• Wawa Tanauan City, Batangas
• 2017-2021
Primary
• Balele Elementary School
• 2011-2017

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Food Reservation App for a School Canteen

or not and to know the prices of the food.

disposing and open burning (Li, Mirosa, & Bremer, 2020).

in their current system.

credibility, helping them persuade students.

lines at the cafeteria.

Statement of the Problem

The findings in this study will be beneficial to the following:

lessened time from queuing at the stalls.

without causing too much interaction with other students.

queueing to order in person.

Limitations of the Study

To better understand all of the information in this study, Input-Process-Output (IPO)

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Conceptualizing After finalizing the Interactive

Figure 1. Conceptual Framework

“customers”) arrive for service.

Prototype - working model of a product or information system, usually built for

demonstration purposes or as part of the development process.

Interface - a device or a system that unrelated entities use to interact.

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Satisfaction about Services

customer happiness and restaurant owners' decision-making especially in the millennium

Neiman (2019) study's proposed chances to integrate self-service technologies, such as

Convenience of Food Reservation App to the Students

managing each menu that is served easier for restaurant operators.

According to Vaishnav Kanade et al. (2019), their suggested solution is an easy-to-

ordering system with wireless communication and feedback features.

Perks of Food Reservation App on Campus

According to Alvi et al. (2019), Businesses have produced restaurant reservation

Aid of Food Reservation App

avoiding physical contact to the restaurant or contacting by call or reserving through a

on the canteen’s website.

Justification of the Study

The researchers used a true experimental research method to analyze effectiveness

referred to as a randomized experiment. It is also described as a study that experimentally

Research Methods - Encyclopedia of Research Design, n.d.). True experimental research

or the variable being tested.

to optimize and derive particular conclusions about a hypothesis statement is known as

a cause-and-effect link between different variables is true experimental design. After

Method of Collecting Data and Development of the Research Instrument

Likert scale feedback form type of survey questionnaire. Questionnaires is a list of

attitudes, or experiences (Bhandari, 2021). A series of open-ended questions is known as a

questionnaire, and it is used in research to gather both qualitative and quantitative.

Verbal Interpretation Option Range

Strongly Agree 4 3.26 - 4.00

Agree 3 2.51 - 3.25

Disagree 2 1.76 - 2.50

Strongly Disagree 1 1.00 - 1.75

techniques used in quantitative research. Furthermore, quantitative survey questions are

researchers distribute survey questionnaires to respondents, they immediately examine and

An informal test of an unstructured survey or questionnaire with a sample of

either open-ended or closed-ended (Mahmutovic, 2021).

added a second page to choose if the signee is a student or a concessionaire/canteen. On

“concessionaire’s’ part” of the prototype.

Front Page Students

Home Page Add Button

Edit Menu Data Order Confirmation

Placing and Order Confimation

(Order Receipt, “feedback from

Figure 2. Prototype Development

it comes to choosing randomly, ensuring reliability is required.

506 respondents from the population of Fidelis Senior High School.