Lea 111

UNIT I
Introduction
This lesson discuss on how the development of policing system from

ancient to in a modern policing system, method of interrogation used by the
ancient. We can also discuss some personalities who are contributed in the
policing system & the laws & provisions adopted in the Philippines through the
influenced during the colonization period.
Learning Outcomes:
At the end of this lesson, you will be able to;
1. To identify the origin of the word Police;
2. To determine the historical development of Policing;
3. To explore the evolution of policing system in the Philippines.
Politia Police Shire Robert Pell
Politeia King Alfred the Great Reeve

LESSON 1
INTRODUCTION TO POLICING
A. LEARNING ENERGIZER
Direction: Use the separate paper for your answer. Read the questions & choose the
correct answer by writing the corresponding word in the blank.
1. Police was derived from the Roman word Politia which means condition of
the state, government and administration.
2. What branch of the criminal justice system that has the specific responsibility
of maintaining law and order and combating crime within the society? Police
3. He was introduced the “Thanes Policing System”? King Alfred the Great
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4. It is derived from the Greek word which means government of the city?
Politeia
5. Used to refer to the ruler of the district who made laws, rendered judgment,
and imposed penalties. Reeve
Lesson Proper/ Outlines:

INTRODUCTION TO POLICING
Policing is defined as the activities carried out by police officers in order

to preserve law and order. (Collins dictionary) However, police refers to an organized
civil force for maintaining order, preventing and detecting crime, and enforcing the
laws.
Origin of the Word “Police”
Politeia – Greek word which means government of the city
Politia – Roman word which means condition of the state or government
Police – French word which was later adopted by the English language.
Definition of Terms
Police is a branch of the criminal justice system (1.law enforcements, 2.prosecution,

3.courts, 4. correction, 5.community) that has the specific responsibility of
maintaining law and order and combating crime within the society.
 Initiator of the criminal justice
 First line of defense against crime and criminality
 Agents authorized to use coercion(persuading by using force) and legal

means to affect public order
 Empowered to exercise police power of the state(the right to protect the

country from threats to public health and safety)
 Enforce the laws and decrees
Organization - A group of persons working together for a common goal or objectives.

Organization also defines as a form of human association for the attainment of a
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goal or objective.
Police organization is a group of trained personnel in the field of public safety

administration engaged in the achievement of goals and objectives that promotes
the maintenance of peace and order.
Police organization and administration refers to the arrangement and utilization of

total resources of personnel and material in such a way as to make easier and to
expedite the efficient, effective, economical and harmonious manner.
This is to provide a resource of information about the structure of the

Philippine National Police (PNP) and its organizational set-up a career path, adopting
the rank structure for the key personnel. It includes the study of the relationship of
police management and police administration in an organizational environment
which pertains to the utilization of available resources and the processes used in the
police organization. Likewise, it deals with the study in the preparation and
development of procedures and techniques in accomplishing of each of the primary
tasks and functions of an organization.
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF POLICING
Timeline of the Development of Policing in the International Setting
Primitive Policing
Policing during prehistoric period can be traced back to the cave dwellers
whom represent the beginning of law and law enforcement. The crimes committed
by individuals were handled by the victim or victims of family. The philosophy of
justice was retaliatory (desire for revenge) that the offender must be punished. The
punishments during ancient period were harsh and barbaric for the serious offenses;
punishment includes death penalty carried out by beheading, hanging, drowning,
crucifixion, banishment, social degradation, slavery and many more.
Ancient Law Enforcement
1. The Sumerian
- The earliest record of ancient people’s need

to standardize rules and methods of
enforcement to control human behaviour
3 https://pursuitmag.com/origin-stories-ancient-justice/
dates back to approximately 2300 B.C, when the Sumerian rulers Lipithstar
and Eshumma(1st law enforcer) set standards on what constituted an
offense against society.
2. The Babylonians
- Code of King Hammurabi (2100 B.C),

Babylonian King, established rules
for his kingdom that designated not
only offenses but punishment as well.
- Lex Taliones (Eye for an eye, tooth

for a tooth doctrine) LAW OF
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babylonia
RETRIBUTION -revenge
- – Code of Hammurabi, the principle of the code was that “the strong shall
not injure the weak”.
3. Ancient Egypt
- The early Egyptians established

laws and courts and a rudimentary
(limited to basic principles) rule of
law. The first accounts of a
developing court system originated
in Egypt in approximately 1500 B.C.
The court system was presided by https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/16/science/mummies-ibises-ancient-egypt.html
judges who were appointed by the
Pharaoh. They later organized marine patrols and customhouses to protect
commerce.
4. Ancient Greece
- Ephori is the Greeks impressive law

enforcement. Each year at Sparta, a
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body of Ephors was elected and given almost unlimited powers as
investigators, judge, jury and executioner. These five men also presided over
the Senate and Assembly, assuring that their rules and decrees were followed.
- Greek philosopher Plato, who lived from 427 A.D to 347 BC, was the idea that
punishment should serve the purpose rather that simple retaliation.
5. Ancient Rome
- The first written law of the

Roman Empire was the 12
Tabulae (12 tables). It deals with
legal procedures, property
ownership, building codes,
marriage customs and https://sites.google.com/site/ancientromanlawandpunishment/the-twelve-tables-of-law
punishment for crimes.
- During the reign of Emperor Augustus, he created the Praetorian Guard, which
consisted of about 7000 men/soldiers to protect the palace and the City of
Rome, together with the Urban Cohorts to guard the city. He also created the
so-called Vigiles who were assigned as firefighters and eventually given the
law enforcement responsibilities. As the first civilian police force the VIGILES
sometimes kept the peace very ruthlessly, hence the word vigilantes.
- Justinian I, ruler of Eastern Roman Empire (A.D 527 to 265 B.C) who collected
all Roman Laws and put it into his Justinian Code - they became known as the
Corpus Juris Civilis that means Body of Law.
The Early Policing Systems
A. Anglo Saxon (Ancient England) Period (600-1066 A.D)
1. Thanes Policing System
 It was introduced by King Alfred the Great
 A type of internal police force where landowners throughout the

kingdom were responsible to police their own territory.
 Landowners were empowered to arrest offenders and deliver them to
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the King.
 The landowners were also empowered to settle civil litigations (2 or

more parties are involved in legal disagreements involves seeking
money or action but not crime accusations.
2. Frankpledge Policing System (Alfred the great)
 This policing system was carried out under a system of mutual pledge
(community self-responsibility in which to help their neighbors
communities are devided into ten-family groups called TITHINGS)
 Every male over twelve (12) years old joined nine (9) of his neighbors
to form Tythingmen.
 Said tythingmen performed police works and anyone who failed to join
and perform this duty was severely fined.
 Policing responsibility lies on the hands of the citizens.
3. Tun Policing System
 Tun was the forerunner of the word “town”
 This policing system required all male residents to guard the town to
preserve peace and order, protect the life and property of the people
and suppress other factors affecting peace and order.
4. Hue and Cry Policing System
 Complainant or victim will go to the middle of the community and

shout to call all male residents to assemble.
 Once heard, male residents will automatically assemble to go after the

criminal and apprehend him.
 Citizens were expected to raise an alarm, or hue and cry, to gather the
members of the tithing and to pursue and capture the criminal. All
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citizens were obliged to pursue wrongdoers; those who refused were
subject to punishment. If there were no witnesses to the crime, efforts
to identify the criminal after the fact were the responsibility of the
victim alone; no governmental agency existed for the investigation and
solution of crimes
5. Royal Judge System
 The Royal Judge conducts criminal investigation and gives

appropriate punishment for the crime committed.
 It started the identification of criminals.
6. Trial by Ordeal
 A system of determining guilt and innocence in the ancient times,

which was based on painful test of skills. It is usually accompanied by
harsh punishment. For instance, suspects were required to place their
hands in boiling oil or water. When not hurt, suspect should be
acquitted, when hurt it indicated guilt and the suspect placed under
punishment.
B. Normal Period (1066-1285)
1. Shire – Reeve System
 It was observed during the time when King William Norman became
the ruler of England.
 King Norman divided the kingdom into 55 military districts known as

Shire-Reeves.
 Shire – used to refer to a district
 Reeve – used to refer to the ruler of the district who made laws,
rendered judgment, and imposed penalties.
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2. Court of the Tourn
 It settles a range of cases, more often dealing with petty offenses

(one maybe tried at a common law w/o a jury or for which there is no
constitutional rights) and civil matter ( not about breaking law usually
involve suing about money in disputes over things like contracts
,damage to property or someone getting hurt) .
 From the Court, 12 tythingmen were selected to hear serious cases.
3. Court Leet
 To handle local legal matters in some, but all, communities, the

Normans established the Court Leet which looked after matters of
purely local interest and petty village nuisances.
 The head of the court was appointed by the King to be “Master of the
House”.
 The Comes Stable was also appointed by the King to be responsible

in keeping peace and order in a specific area. This appointee was,
however, under the responsibility of local officials who could petition
to remove him if he did not perform his job properly.
 Comes Stable became Constable which is used today to refer to

members of the police force.
4. Legis Henrie
 This law was passed during the time of King Henry I which imposed
the following features:
 Law violations were classified as offenses against the King.
 Policemen were considered as public officials
 The police and the citizens were given the power to conduct
arrest
 Grand Jury was created to inquire on the facts of the law.
5. Keepers of the Peace
 It was issued by King Richard of England in 1195.

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 It requires the appointment of knights to keep the King’s peace.
 The knights were posted on bridges and gates to check the people
entering and leaving the town or cities.
6. Magna Carta (Great Charter)
 It was sealed by King John of England on June 15, 1215 which

became a law upon the demand of the Knights of the Round Table.
 It declared the following:
a. No freemen shall be taken or imprisoned, disposed, outlawed,

or bowed except by legal judgment of his peers.
b. No person should be tried for murder unless there is proof of

the body of the victim.
c. There should be tried for murder unless there is proof of the

body of the victim.
d. There should be national and local government as well as the

national and local legislation.
C. Westminster Period (1285-1500)
1. Statute of Winchester (1285)
 It was enacted for law and order and it was codified the system of
social obligation
This law introduced the Watch and Ward system the “watch-and-ward” system (the
night watch) and for providing security for traveling justices. The primary purpose of
the watch and ward was to guard the city gates at night. The duties of watchmen
were later expanded to include lighting streetlamps, calling time, watching for fires,
and reporting other conditions. Yet, despite the addition of constables, the
investigation and prosecution of crimes remained a private matter to be handled by
the victims.
2. Statute of 1295
 It began the closing of the gates of London during sunset.
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 This started the observation of the curfew hours.
3. Justice of the Peace
 This was a position given to a respected citizen, who has the power to
arrest, pursue and imprison offenders.
4. Star Chamber Court
 This was established as a special court that tried offenders against

the state.
 Later on, it became both a court of law to determine civil rights and a
court of revenue to enrich treasury.( Civil rights are essential
component of democracy equal social opportunities and protection
under the law. Regardless of race, religion and it consist of right to
vote, fair trial ,fair services and public education)
D. Modern Period
1. Night Watchmen or Bellmen
 It was created by virtue of a law passed by King Charles II on 1663
 They were employed to be on duty from sunset to sunrise.
2. Bow Street Runners (Thief Catchers)
 It was organized by Henry Fielding, Chief Magistrate of Bow Street in

London in 1748.
 Later on, he formed the Bow Street Horse Patrol whose duty was to
patrol the main roads thus secure the travellers from highway bandits.
3. London Metropolitan Police
 It was established by Sir Robert Peel in 1829 which became the

world’s first modern organized police force.
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 It was later called Scotland Yard
This period came to the limelight when a bill creating the Scotland Yard was
passed by the parliament of England. It was sponsored and expanded by Sir Robert
Peel who was made to be the first head of the police organization. He was referred
as the Father Of Modern Policing System due to his contributions in the
modernization of the police force. The following are the principles were considered
in organizing and administering the Scotland Yard known as the Peels Principles:
1. Stable and effective police force should be under government control.

2. Absence of crime is the best proof of efficiency.
3. Fast distribution of news to the people is essential.
4. Proper distribution of personnel according to shift and by hour.
5. The best qualification of peace officers is control of temper.(neuro)
6. Proper selection and training is the basis of efficiency.
7. Police cannot function properly without wholehearted support of the people.
8. Every police must sell himself to the people.
9. Police officers must go out to their way to help or assist the people.
E. French Police System
th
1. During the 17 century, King Louis XIV maintained a small central police
organization consisting of some 40 inspectors who, with the help of
numerous paid informants, supplied the government with details about the
conduct of private individuals.
2. Officers de Paix (1791)
 It was the origin of the term peace officers.
3. Sergeant de Ville (Servant of the City)
 These were called the first uniformed police officers.
4. Other contributions:
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 Conceiving street signs
 Assigning house numbers
 Installing street lighting
 Creating emergency and rescue services
 Use of police ambulances
 Use of warrant card and ID Signifying authority to arrest.
F. American Police System
A. Rattlewatch
 It was organized in New York, Philadephia and Boston which was

similar to the night watchmen in London created during the reign of
King Charles II.
 They carried rattles while on duty to inform the public of their

watchful presence.
B. Municipal Police Force
a. Night watch (1638) – Boston, Massachusetts
b. Rattlewatch (1658) – New York
c. Night watch (1700) – Philadelphia
d. Introduction of police regulation that “No watchman has the liberty to

sleep” (1722) – New Haven, Connecticut
e. It became a government policy that able-bodied males over 16 years

old were required to serve without pay (1800).
f. Daytime police with pay (1833)
g. Full police uniform (1856) – New York City
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C. State Police Force
a. Texas Rangers (1835)
b. State Constables (1865) –Massachusetts
c. Pennsylvania State Police (1905)
D. Federal Police Force
a. Post Office Inspection System (1829)
b. Investigation on Crimes against the government (1861)
c. Detective forces (1868) were formed to investigate problems on

revenue services, immigration and smuggling.
d. In 1934, Federal government attention focused on lotteries, drug

regulations, and transportation guidelines.
e. Enactment of the Anti-White Slavery Act and Motor Vehicle Act (1910)
f. In 1934, National Kidnapping Act, Banking Act, and Racketeering Act

were passed by the United States Congress.
B. LEARNING MATRIX OF ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS

Note: Do not write anything on the rubric table.
RUBRIC
OBJECTIVE / WEIGHT PERFORMANCE INDICATORS SCORE
CRITERIA
4 3 2 1
Answer Answered the
Did not answer
questions but questions but
Answer all all the
CONTENT 35% left out some provided a few
questions questions
completely details details
Well Organization Inadequate Organization

organized, is more organization and answer
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ORGANIZATION 35% coherently clearer and distract from
developed
easy to follow the answer
and easy to
follow
Display five (5)
errors in
SPELLING, 30% Display one Display three spelling,
GRAMMAR & (1) to three (3) to five (5) grammar and
Display no
SENTENCE (3) errors in errors in sentence
errors
CONSTRUCTION spelling spelling construction
COMPUTATION OF GRADES FINAL RATING
Direction: On the table of essential questions, write your answers on a separate

sheet of paper.
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS STUDENT ANSWERS
1. Explain the origin of the word “police”.
2. Discuss why the police consider as a
first line of defense against crime and
criminality?
C. LEARNING EXERCISES:
Direction: Read and answer the following questions. Write your answer in a separate
sheet of paper. Answer it clearly & concisely.
1. Explain the Code of Hammurabi, Lex Taliones (Eye for an eye, tooth for a tooth
doctrine).
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
2. Discuss why Robert Peel was considered as Father of Modern Policing?
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
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Capt. George Curry Col. Antonio C. Torres Guadia Civil
Capt. Columbus Piatt Guardrilleros Brig/Gen. Rafael Crame
1. He is a U.S Army officer appointed by the TAFT Commission on August 7,

1901 as the first Chief of Police. _________
2. The last American Chief of Police (COP) of MPD before World War II broke
out. ______
3. The first Filipino COP when MPD became an all Filipino police
organization.________
4. A body of rural police organized in each town which composed of 5% of the
able-bodied male inhabitants of each town or province, enlisted to serve for 3
years. ________
5. The first Filipino Chief of Police and He served as the PC Chief from year
1917-1927. ___________
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Evolution of the Philippine Policing System
Prior the Spanish regime, Philippines has already a policing system. The
Headman or whoever the head of the tribe is the one who performs all the jobs of the
offices of what we call now the chief of police, prosecutor, and judge and jail warden.
A. Spanish Period
 The police force was considered as part of the military system by the
Spanish government.
 The locally organized police forces, although performing civil duties

and seemingly created for the sole purpose of maintaining peace,
were in fact directly commanded by the colonial military government.
 Police functions during the Spanish Regime consisted mainly in,
 The suppression of brigandage by patrolling unsettled areas
 Enforcement of tax collection, including church revenues
 Looking into the work and movement of the people
Organized Police forces during Spanish Regime:
1. Carabineros de Seguridad Publico (Mounted Police) – 1712
 It was organized for the purpose of carrying out the policies of the
Spanish government.
 It was given the special commission as custodian of the tobacco

monopoly.
 It was later known as Cuerpo de Carabineros de Seguridad Publica by

virtue of a Royal Decree on December 20, 1842. Its duties became
police-like and more general including the prosecution of law breakers,
maintenance of peace, order, and security and the vigilance on the
execution of laws and ordinances of good government.
 It was subsequently given limited power to discharge specific duties

as port, harbour and river police.
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2. Guardrilleros (January 8, 1836)
 A body of rural police organized in each town which composed of 5%

of the able-bodied male inhabitants of each town or province, enlisted
to serve for 3 years
 The duties of this local police were
 To make patrol and carry mails at times
 To guard dark and unsafe places
 To guard the tribunal and prison houses
3. Guadia Civil (February 12, 1852)
 It partially relieved the Spanish Peninsula Troops of their works in

policing towns.
 It consisted of a body of Filipino policemen organized originally in

each of the provincial capitals of the central provinces of Luzon under
the Alcalde (Governor).
B. AMERICAN OCCUPATION UNTIL WORLD WAR II BROKE OUT
1. Insular Police Force (November 30, 1890)
 It was established during the Filipino – American war (1898-1901)

upon the recommendation of the Philippine Commission to the
Secretary of War.
2. Insular Constabulary (July 18, 1901)
 It was created by virtue of Act No. 175 otherwise known as “An act
Providing for the Organization and Government of an Insular
Constabulary”
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 The members were declared peace officers and were authorized and
empowered to prevent and suppress brigandage, unlawful assemblies,
riots, insurrections and other breaches of the peace and violations of
law.
 They were empowered to make arrests upon reasonable suspicion

without warrant for breaches of the peace or other violations of the
law, and were also empowered and required to execute any lawful
warrant or order of arrest issued against any person or persons for any
violation of the law to issue a warrant. Prisoners, with or without
warrant, shall in all cases, within 24 hours if reasonably practicable, be
brought before a Judge of Justice of the Peace having jurisdiction
over the offense, for examination and release after bail, if the offense
is bailable.
 When in pursuit of criminals the Provincial Inspection of one province

in charge of Insular Constabulary is authorized to continue the pursuit
beyond the borders of the province in which he has ordinary
jurisdiction and arrest the offenders.
3. Manila Police Department (MPD) – July 31, 1901
 It was organized by virtue of Act No. 183 of the Philippine

Commission.
 Capt. George Curry – He is a U.S Army officer appointed by the TAFT

Commission on August 7, 1901 as the first Chief of Police.
 Capt. Columbus Piatt – The last American Chief of Police (COP) of

MPD before World War II broke out.
 Col. Antonio C. Torres – The first Filipino COP when MPD became an
all Filipino police organization; declared Manila as an open city when
World War II broke out in 1941; during the World War II, MPD was
placed again under the American control.
 Col. Marcus Ellis Jones – He is a U.S Provost Marshall who was

named as MPD Chief of Police just after the Manila Liberation
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 Col. Lamberto T. Javalera – The first Filipino COP of MPD appointed
by Pres. Roxas under the Republic Government.
4. Philippine Constabulary (October 3, 1901)
 Insular Constabulary was changed to Philippine Constabulary by virtue

of Act No 255.
 Capt. Henry T. Allen – The first Chief of the Philippine Constabulary

from 1901-1907 such that he was called as the Father of
Constabulary in the Philippines.
 It was mostly manned by Filipinos but officers were mostly Americans.
 Based on Revised Administrative Code of 1917, specifically Section

825, it stated that the Philippine Constabulary is a national police
institution for preserving the peace, keeping order and enforcing the
law.
 Brig/Gen. Rafael Crame – The first Filipino Chief of Police and He

served as the PC Chief from year 1917-1927.
C. JAPANESE OCCUPATION
1. Kempeitai
 It is a Japanese Military Police held responsible in maintaining peace

and order in Manila and adjacent urban areas.
 It ruled the urban areas until General Douglas McArthur returned on

February 7, 1945.
 The Kempeitai was the military police force administered by the

Japanese War Ministry during WWII over the Occupied Territories of
Japan. Specially trained in interrogation methods, its task was to
crush all resistance to military rule and it had powers to arrest and
extract information from civilians and military alike.
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Methods of Interrogation
Those arrested by the Kempeitai were presumed guilty and had little option for
receiving civilian help and no appeal for clemency (mercy). Should they be released
from one Kempeitai branch, they could be re-arrested by another soon after. The
Kempeitai officer was police investigator, prosecutor, judge, jury and executioner.
Often, long quiet sessions of interrogation would be used as long as the Kempeitai
received the required answers. If these were not forthcoming, the Kempeitai would
use various brutal methods of interrogation to extract a confession of guilt. Tortures
(inflicting severe pain or suffering) were executed to the limit of human endurance or
to the point of death with survivors attesting to these various methods.
a. Water torture
 The victim was tied up and laid flat on the ground. Water was
forced through the mouth and nose until the victim's stomach
became distended (bloated), after which the interrogators would
jump on the victim's stomach to force out the water, until the
victim lost consciousness.
b. Burning and electric shocks
 'Live' electric wires, candles, lighted cigarettes, boiling oil or water

were applied to sensitive parts of the victim's body.
c. Breaking fingers
 Sticks were placed between the victim's fingers and squeezed,

fracturing the bones.
d. Tearing out fingernails and toenails
 Toothpicks were inserted under the nails before they were torn out
by pliers.
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e. Eardrum piercing:
 The sharp ends of pencils were inserted into the victim's ears until
they pierced the victim's eardrums.
f. Body suspension
 The victim's body was suspended by the wrists or neck or hung

upside down by the legs. Interrogators would then pull the victim's
limbs from their sockets.
2. Metropolitan Constabulary
 It was under the Bureau of Constabulary
 It was formerly known as during the American Occupation.
D. AFTER THE AMERICAN OCCUPATION IN THE PHILIPPINES
Republic Act No. 4864 (September 18, 1966)
 Otherwise known as the Police Act of 1966, created the Police Commission
(POLCOM) as a supervisory agency to oversee the
Presidential Decree No. 421 (1974)
 Integrated the city/municipal police force, the jail and fire departments within
the greater Manila area headed by the Commanding General, Philippine
Constabulary Metropolitan Command (PC Metrocom)
Presidential Decree No. 765 (August 8, 1975)
 PD 765 is otherwise known as the Integration Law 1976
 The first to occupy the position as chief, Philippine Constabulary/Director

General, Integrated National Police is Fidel Valdez Ramos.
Presidential Decree No. 1184 (August 26, 1977)

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 It is otherwise known as “The Integrated National Police Personnel
Professionalization Act of 1977”.
RA 6975
 Known as the “Department of the Interior and Local Government Act of 1990.”
 It created the PNP, Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP), Bureau
of Fire Protection (BFP) and Philippine Public Safety College (PPSC).
PNP Powers and Functions
(a) Enforce all laws and ordinances relative to the protection of lives and properties;
(b) Maintain peace and order and take all necessary steps to ensure public safety;
(c) Investigate and prevent crimes, effect the arrest of criminal offenders, bring
offenders to justice and assist in their prosecution;
(d) Exercise the general powers to make arrest, search and seizure in accordance
with the Constitution and pertinent laws;
(e) Detain an arrested person for a period not beyond what is prescribed by law,
informing the person so detained of all his rights under the Constitution;
(f) Issue licenses for the possession of firearms and explosives in accordance with
law;
(g) Supervise and control the training and operations of security agencies and issue
licenses to operate security agencies, and to security guards and private detectives,
for the practice of their professions; and
(h) Perform such other duties and exercise all other functions as may be provided by
law.
RA 8551
 Known as the "Philippine National Police Reform and Reorganization Act of

1998".
 It relieved the DILG and the PNP of the primary responsibility on matters
involving suppression of insurgency, except in cases where the President
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shall call on the PNP to support the AFP in combat operations.
REPUBLIC ACT No. 9708 (August 12, 2009)
AN ACT EXTENDING FOR FIVE (5) YEARS THE REGLEMENTARY PERIOD FOR
COMPLYING WITH THE MINIMUM EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION FOR Appointment
to the Philippine National Police (PNP) and Adjusting the Promotion System
B. Learning Matrix of Essential Questions

RUBRIC
CRITERIA
4 3 2 1
Answer Answered the
Did not answer
Answer all all the
questions questions
Well Organization Organization

organized, is more Inadequate and answer
ORGANIZATION 35% coherently
clearer and organization distract from
developed
and easy to easy to follow the answer
follow
Display five (5)
errors in
Display no
errors

sheet of paper.
1. How offenders being punished during
primitive period?
2. Explain the method of interrogation of
23
the Kempeitai.
3. What is the importance of the
American period to our present policing
system?
C. Learning Exercises:
1. Compare the policing system of the Spanish period and at present.
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________
2. Illustrate the timeline of the evolution of the Philippine policing system using a
diagram.
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________.
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UNIT II
Introduction
The theory states that the police function, in its modern form, is linked to
economic specialization and differential access to resource that occur in the
transition from a kindship to a class dominated society. In this chapter provide views
on the organizational concepts & principles of police service in order to understand
the organization and operation of public departments certain general basic principles
of organization must be understood.
Learning Outcomes:
1. To identify the theories of police service;
2. To determine the organizational concepts and principles of police service;
LESSON 1
THEORIES OF POLICE SERVICE
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Authority Home Rule Theory
Planning Management
Post
____ 1. It pertains to the utilization of available resources in an organization to

achieve its organizational objectives.
____ 2. It is the right to command and control the behavior of employees in lower
positions within an organizational hierarchy.
____ 3. Refers to the determination in advance of how the objectives of the
organization will be attained.
___ 4. It is a fixed or stationary point location (e.g., a specified street intersection,
surveillance site, or an assigned desk or office)?
___ 5. Policemen are regarded as servants of the community, who rely for the
efficiency of their functions upon the express needs of the people.
Lesson Proper:
THEORIES OF POLICE SERVICE
1) Home Rule Theory

- Policemen are regarded as servants of the community, who rely for the
efficiency of their functions upon the express needs of the people.
2) Continental Theory
- Policemen are regarded as state or servants of the higher authorities.
- The people have no share or have little participations in the duties or
connection with the police organization.
Philosophy of the PNP Service

1. Service
2. Honor
3. Justice
26
ORGANIZATIONAL CONCEPTS AND PRINCIPLES
Management or Administrative Functions
Management
It pertains to the utilization of available resources in an organization to
achieve its organizational objectives. It also refers to the process of directing and
facilitating the work of people organized in formal groups in order to achieve a
desired goal. It is concerned in placing the right people on the right job and in
maintaining a satisfied work force.
ELEMENTS OF MANAGEMENT
1. Authority – Is the right to command and control the behavior of employees in

lower positions within an organizational hierarchy. A particular position within
an organization carries the same regardless of who occupies that position.
SOURCES OF MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY

1. Law
2. Tradition
3. Delegation
2. Responsibility – means that the management shall be held accountable for

whatever result that may arise in the exercise of authority. Thus, responsibility
limits the exercise of one’s authority.
Command Responsibility - is the doctrine that imposes commensurate
accountability to one who is vested with management and leadership
functions.
ADMINISTRATION
- Is an organizational process concerned with the implementation of

objectives and plans and internal operating efficiency. It connotes
bureaucratic (relating to the business of running an organization, or
27
government) structure and behavior, relatively routine decision making
and maintenance of the internal status quo.
Traditional Organizational Theories

a. Theory of Organization by Luther Gullick
POSDCORB generally fits into the Classical Management movement, being
classified as an element of scientific management. Gulick POSDCORB
principles were instrumental in highlighting the theory of span of control, or
limits on the number of people one manager could supervise, as well as the
unity of command to the fields of management and public administration.
Besides, POSDCORB's strength also calls the 14 principles of management.
1. PLANNING - Refers to the determination in advance of how the objectives of the

organization will be attained.
2. ORGANIZING - Involves the determination and allocation of the men and women
as well as the resource of an organization to achieve pre-determined goals or
objectives of the organization.
3. DIRECTING - Involves the overseeing and supervising of the human resources and
the various activities in an organization to achieve through cooperative efforts the
pre-determined goals or objectives of the organization.
4. STAFFING - The task of providing competent men to do the job and choosing the
right men for the right job. It involves good selection and processing of reliable and
well-trained personnel.
5. CONTROLLING - Involves the checking or evaluation and measurement of work

performance and comparing it with planned goals or objectives of the organization,
and making the necessary corrective actions so that work is accomplished as
planned.
6. REPORTING - The making of detailed account of activities, work progress,

investigations and unusual in order to keep everyone informed or what is going on.
7. BUDGETING - The forecasting in detail of the results of an officially recognized

program of operations based on the highest reasonable expectations of operating
28
efficiency.
b. Bureaucratic Management by Max Weber
 Hierarchical Management Structure

- Each level controls the levels below and is controlled by the level
above. Authority and responsibilities are clearly defined for each
position.
 Division of Labor
- Tasks are clearly defined and employees become skilled by
specializing in doing one thing. There is clear definition of authority
and responsibility.
 Formal Selection Process

- Employee selection and promotion are based on experience,
competence, and technical qualification demonstrated by
examinations, education, or training. There is no nepotism.
 Career Orientation
- Management is separate from ownership, and managers are career
employees. Protection from arbitrary dismissal is guaranteed.
 Formal Rules and Regulations
- Rules and regulations are documented to ensure reliable and
predictable behavior. Managers must depend on formal organizational
rules in employee relations.
 Impersonality Rules
- Are applied uniformly to everyone. There is no preferential treatment
or favoritism.
Scientific Management
- Proposed by Frederick Taylor
Under this theory, workers are motivated by economic rewards and that if
they are paid commensurate to work being done they produce maximum amount of
work. This management theory entails that good salary and incentives must be given
to workers to ensure their hard work, innovative action and good will.
29
Fayol's fourteen principles of management are as follows:
1. Division of Work: The division of work principle declares that staffs function
better when assigned tasks according to their specialties.
2. Authority and Responsibility: This principle proposes the requirement for
managers or manager like authority in order to effectively direct subordinates
to perform their jobs while still being held accountable for their conduct.
3. Discipline: The discipline principle supports strict and clearly defined rules
and regulations in the workplace to ensure professional employee behavior
and order.
4. Unity of Command: The unity of command doctrine proclaims that
employees should only receive command and report to one administrator or
boss-like authority figure.
5. Unity of Direction: The unity of direction principle states that there should
only be one plan, one objective and one director head for each specific plan.
6. Subordination of Individual Interest to General Interest: The subordination of
Individual interest to general interest principle declares that the interests and
objectives of the organization overrides the interests of any employee,
management staff, or any group.
7. Remuneration of Personnel: The remuneration of personnel principle deems
that both staff and management salary should be fairly earned, justifiable and
no party should be deceived.
8. Centralization: The centralization principle advocates that managerial
decision making should be centralized with orders being delivered from top
management to the middle management, where the orders are arranged and
then clarified for the line staff to execute.
9. Scalar Chain (line of authority with peer level communication): The scalar
chain principle contends that communication within the organization should
only be one uninterrupted vertical flow of communication and any other type
of communication should only occur in times of emergencies and when
approved by a manager.
10. Order: The order principle can be interpreted in either of the two ways; some
believe this principle refers to giving every material in the organization its
right position while other believe it means delegating the right job to the right
employee.
30
11. Equity: The equity principle proclaims that managers should be fair and
impartial to their staff but the relationship should still be in compliance with
the principle of subordination of individual interest to general.
12. Stability of Tenure of Personnel: The stability of tenure of personnel principle

states that management should employ the right staff and properly train them
in hopes of retaining their employment for a long time and benefiting the
organization through experience and expertise.
13. Initiative: The initiative principle refers to the management and their creativity
and their ability to implement them within the organization to ensure growth
and success in the organization.
14. Esprit de Corps: The Esprit de Corps principle believes that organizations
should promote high morale and unity to retain the best employees for
lengthy periods of time.
Open Systems Theory

 Organization described as flexible, adaptive and organic are associated with
open systems theory
a. Human Relation Approach – this was developed in reaction to the mechanistic

orientation of traditional organization theories which were viewed as neglecting
or ignoring the human elements.
1) Maslow’s Need Hierarchy (arranged, like the rungs on a ladder, from the
lower- order to the higher-order needs)
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2) Herzberg’s Motivation-Hygiene Theory
- The hygiene factors relate to the work environment while the
motivators relate to the work itself.
3) Contingency Theory
- Certain methods and practices are effective in one situation but
not in others. It recognizes that many internal and external
environmental variables affect organizational behaviour. Because
these variables differ according to particular situations, there is
no one best way for structuring and managing diverse types of
32
organizations; it all depends on particular situations.
4) Theory Z
- This includes job security for workers, participatory decision
making, group responsibility, teamwork and informal controls;
increased quality of products and services; slow evaluation and
promotion policies and broader career paths; and a greater
concern or employees’ work and non-work welfare, including the
family.
5) Mc Gregor’s Theory X and Y Asumptions

- This behavioral science approach was introduced by D. McGregor.
Theory X assumes that people have little ambition, dislike work,
and must be coerced in order to perform satisfactory. Theory Y
assumes that people do not inherently dislike work and if properly
rewarded, people will perform well on the job.
33
The New Paradigms of Administration
a. Chaos Theory – this theory is used when too much happens too fast, things
seem out of control, and collapse of the organization seems not only possible,
but imminent. Yet, somehow out of this, order does emerge as the
organization creates new structures and procedures to adjust to the new
realities thrust upon it.
b. Quantum Theory – the police organization is an energy field and focus should
not only be done on what exists, but also on what the possibilities are for the
future
Concepts of Police Service
1. Old Concepts - this old philosophy means throwing more people in jail rather than
keeping these out jail. Punishment is the sole instrument of crime control. The
yardstick of efficiency of the police is more on arrests.
2. Modern Concept - police service today has broadened its activities to include
certain aspect of social service for the welfare of the people. Their yardstick of
34
efficiency is the absence of crime.
PRINCIPLES OF ORGANIZATION
To understand the organization and operation of public departments certain general

basic principles of organization must be understood. These principles of
organization were generated by the experience of industry, business, and the military
services. They have no absolute values, but they do provide a check list against
which an organization can be structurally and functionally evaluated. This notion will
become more defined as each principle is considered.
1. Division of Labor
For a police organization to be effective, work assignments must be designed so that

similar tasks, functions, and activities are given to an individual or group for
accomplishment.
2. Unity of command
Require that an individual be directly accountable to only one superior. No person can
effectively serve two superiors at a given time.
3. Chain of Command
Primarily this principle provides for the vertical movement of authority up and down
established channels in the organizational hierarchy.
To illustrate this concept, consider a directives originating in the office of the patrol
chief intended for the patrol force (downward movement).Two levels of authority fall
between the patrol chief and the patrol officer inspector. Because both levels are
held responsible for various aspects of patrol supervision, both must be aware of
such directives. If either supervisor is by-passed, that one cannot be held
accountable for the lack of knowledge. Further, performance of supervisory duties is
greatly hindered, and potentially serious problem is created.
4. Delegation of Responsibility and Authority
There must be a clear line of normal authority running from the top to bottom of
every organization. Ultimate authority and responsibility for a police organization lies
at the top of the chain of command-with the chief. However, if a subordinate is to be
held responsible for the accomplishment of a given task, he or she must be given the
35
authority to carry out those responsibilities. It is important, also the responsibility and
the authority be clearly defined. If the patrol officers are given the responsibility for
evaluating police response time on a given day or in a specific situation, the officer
must be given the authority to procure the communication logs from the
communication center. Without this authority, the entire task cannot be
accomplished.
5. Delineation of Responsibility and Authority
A clear-out delineation of responsibility and authority is essential to prevent

confusion of lines of authority. If responsibility and authority are not clearly defined,
conflicts, duplication and overlaps of function lead to confusion and inefficiency.
Each officer and each organization segment of authority delegated to accomplish the
job.
6. Span of Control
The number of officers or units reporting directly to the supervisor should not exceed
the number that can be feasibly and effectively coordinate and directed. There are an
innumerable factor that limits the span control including distance, time, knowledge,
personality, and the complexity of the work to be performed. It is not unusual to fine
fifty or sixty workers to perform identification function reporting to one supervisor.
On the other hand, as we ascend the chain of command and the diversity of
functions increases, the number of individuals that a police executive supervises
decreases rapidly.
7. Objective
All organizational elements must contribute, directly or indirectly, to the

accomplishment of the objectives of the enterprise. Each organizational element
should be formed for a definite purpose, and this purposes must be accomplish the
major objective. Any police function and organizational elements that is not required
in the accomplishment of the overall objectives should be eliminated.
8. Coordination
The organizational structure must facilitate the development of close, friendly, and
co-operative relations, especially between line and staff activities. Effective
coordination is dependent almost entirely upon adequate communication among all
element of a police organization.
36
9. Time
The police service is among the few public services that maintain a twenty-four hour
schedule. It is necessary to the department to assigned officers in sufficient number
to meet the demands at any given time.
10. Watch or Shift
A time divisions of the day to ensure the proper allocation of personnel. Shifts are
normally eight consecutive hours, five days, giving an officer a forty-hour a week.
However, longer working hours and work weeks are common. Further, shifts
frequently overlaps to provide additional personnel during peak period.
11. Territory
Territorial distribution is necessary to ensure the availability and general suitability of

the patrol service throughout a jurisdiction. Geographical or territorial divisions of the
department can be described as follows:
a. Post - a fixed or stationary point location (e.g., a specified street

intersection, surveillance site, or an assigned desk or office).
b. Route or Lined Beat - a length of street normally assigned to the traffic

and patrol officers whether foot or mobile. The rout has the
characteristics of being continuous, in a straight line, or the line sight.
c. Beat – a geographical area, once again assigned to either foot or mobile

patrol and traffic officer
d. Section – two or more beats, routes, posts, or any combination thereof.
12. Clientele
The distribution of patrol services with respect to the characteristics of the

population served must be recognized and dealt with in contemporary law
enforcement. The development of specialized functional units expresses the
principle of the organization by clientele.
PRINCIPLES OF POLICE ORGANIZATION
37
1. Principle of unity of objectives: Organizational goals, departmental goals, and
individual goals must be clearly defined. All goals and objectives must have
uniformity.
2. Principle of specialization: Modern business organization needs the
specialization, skill and knowledge.
3. Principle of coordination: Coordination can be obtained by group effort that
emphasize on unity of action.
4. Principle of authority: Authority is the kind of right and power through which it
guides and directs the actions of others so that the organizational goals can
be achieved.
5. Principle of responsibility: Only authority is not provided to the people but
obligation is also provided. So the obligation to perform the duties and task is
known as responsibility.
6. Principle of Scalar Chain: Scalar chain is a chain of command or authority
which flows from top to bottom. With a chain of authority available, wastages
of resources are minimized, communication is affected, overlapping of work is
avoided and easy organization takes place.
7. Principle of span of control: Span of control is a span of supervision which
depicts the number of employees that can be handled and controlled
effectively by a single manager.
8. Principle of Unity of Command: It implies one subordinate-one superior
relationship. Every subordinate is answerable and accountable to one boss at
one time. This helps in avoiding communication gaps and feedback and
response is prompt. Unity of command also helps in effective combination of
resources, that is, physical, financial resources which helps in easy co-
ordination and, therefore, effective organization
RUBRIC
38
CRITERIA
4 3 2 1
Answer Answered the
Did not answer
Answer all all the
questions questions

developed
follow
Display five (5)
errors in
Display no
errors


sheet of paper.
1. Compare & contrast the home rule
theory & continental theory?
2. Expound how you understand the Span
of Control.
3. It is geographical area, once again
assigned to either foot or mobile patrol
and traffic office?
4. Give an example or situation that link
to Old Concept & Modern Concept.
1. Discuss the significant of management in organizational concepts and principles.
___________________________________________________________________________________
39
___________________________________________________
2. Compare & contrast Unity of Command to Chain of command?
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
3. Explain each the philosophy of the PNP service.
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
4. Give the significant of the theory of Organization by Luther Gullick?
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________
UNIT III
Introduction
These topics focus on the structure of the PNP organization & the
composition. It is important to learn the functions of each composition, the
40
general qualification, police uniform, attire and accessories, traditions & their
meaning. In every uniform in PNP service provide specific rules, the uniform
worn by the police can be symbolize trust, honesty and the authority and also
can be affect the way officers are viewed.
Learning Outcomes:
1. To recognize the organization and composition of the PNP;
2. To identify the different kind of uniforms in the PNP organization; and
3. To follow the positions, appointment and designation in the Philippine
national police.
LESSON I
PHILIPPINE POLICE SYSTEM
Direction: Use the separate paper for your answer. Read thoroughly the questions
before answering. Choose the correct answer by writing the corresponding word in
the blank.
A. National Police College (NPC) D. 4 (Four)
B. Philippine National Police Academy (PNPA) E. 1:1,000 G. 3 (Three)
C. National Fire Training Institute (NFTI) F. 1:500
____1. It is provides training and education for Fire Non-commissioned

Officers.
____2. How many regular and full-time Commissioners shall be appointed by
the President upon the recommendation of the Secretar?
____3. How many minimum ratios of police-to-population?
____4. It caters for the cadetship program where graduates are conferred the
degree Bachelor of Science in Public Safety and automatically given the rank
41
of Inspector.
____5. It caters for the education and training for commissioned officers of
the police, fire and jai services?
Philippine Police System
The State shall establish and maintain one police force, which shall be national in
scope and civilian in character, to be administered and controlled by a national police
commission. The authority of local executives over the police units in their
jurisdiction shall be provided by law.
It is hereby declared to be the policy of the State to promote peace and order, ensure
public safety and further strengthen local government capability aimed towards the
effective delivery of the basic services to the citizenry through the establishment of a
highly efficient and competent police force that is national in scope and civilian in
character. Towards this end, the State shall bolster a system of coordination and
cooperation among the citizenry, local executives and the integrated law
enforcement and public safety agencies
The Department of the Interior and Local Government
Organization — The Department shall consist of the Department Proper, the existing
bureaus and offices of the Department of Local Government, the National Police
Commission, the Philippine Public Safety College, and the following bureaus: the
Philippine National Police, the Bureau of Fire Protection, and the Bureau of Jail
Management and Penology.
Head of Department The head of the Department, hereinafter referred to as the

Secretary, shall also be the ex-officio Chairman of the National Police Commission
and shall be appointed by the President subject to confirmation of the Commission
on Appointments. No retired or resigned military officer or police official may be
appointed as Secretary within one (1) year from the date of his retirement or
resignation.
42
In addition to his powers and functions as provided in Executive Order No. 262, the
Secretary as Department head shall have the following powers and functions:
(a) Prepare and submit periodic reports, including a Quarterly Anti-Crime

Operations Report and such other reports as the President and Congress may require;
(b) Act as Chairman and Presiding Officer of the National Police Commission;
and
(c) Delegate authority to exercise any substantive or administrative function to

the members of the National Police Commission or other officers of rank within the
Department.
Creation of the Philippine Public Safety College — there is hereby created the
Philippine Public Safety College (PPSC), which shall be the premier educational
institution for the training, human resource development and continuing education of
all personnel of the PNP, BFP and BJMP.
43
Constitutive Units under the PPSC
a. National Police Training Institute (NPTI) – it consists of the Regional

Training Schools for the police in every region in our country. It caters for the
training and education of Police Non-commissioned Officers.
b. National Forensic Science Training Institute (NFSTI) – this institute offers

technical courses for the police, fire and jail services like Criminal
Investigation and Detection Course, Narcotics Investigation Course, Traffic
Investigation Course, Dactyloscopy, etc.
c. National Jail Training Institute (NJTI) – it provides training and education for
Jail Non-commissioned Officers.
d. National Police College (NPC) – it caters for the education and training for
commissioned officers of the police, fire and jai services.
e. National Fire Training Institute (NFTI) – it provides training and education for
Fire Non-commissioned Officers.
f. Philippine National Police Academy (PNPA) – it caters for the cadetship

program where graduates are conferred the degree Bachelor of Science in
Public Safety and automatically given the rank of Inspector.
The National Police Commission
a. Organizational Set-up
The National Police Commission an agency attached to the DILG for policy
and program coordination. It shall exercise administrative control and
operational supervision over the PNP.
Consist of a Chairperson, four (4) regular Commissioners and the Chief of PNP as ex
officio member.
- Shall serve a term of office of six (6) years without reappointment

or extension.
- Three of the regular commissioners shall come from civilian

sector who are neither active nor former members of the police or
military.
- The fourth regular commissioner shall come from the law

44
enforcement sector either active or retired. Provided, that an active
member of a law enforcement agency shall be considered
resigned once appointed.
- At least one (1) of the four regular commissioners shall be a

woman.
- From among the three regular commissioners from the civilian

sector, the Vice Chairperson shall be chosen.
- the Vice Chairperson shall act as the Executive Officer of the

Commission
Qualifications — No person shall be appointed regular member of the Commission

unless:
(a) He is at least thirty-five (35) years of age;
(b) A member of the Philippine Bar or a holder of a master’s degree

in public administration, business administration, management, sociology,
criminology, law enforcement, national security administration, defense
studies, and other related discipline; and
(c) Has had experience in law enforcement work for at least five (5)
years.
Term of Office — the four (4) regular and full-time Commissioners shall be appointed
by the President upon the recommendation of the Secretary. Of the first four (4)
commissioners to be appointed, two (2) commissioners shall serve for six (6) years
and the two (2) other commissioners for four (4) years. All subsequent appointments
shall be for a period of six (6) years each, without reappointment or extension.
Temporary or Permanent Incapacity of the Chairman — In case of absence due to

temporary or permanent incapacity of the Chairman, the President shall designate an
Acting Chairman. In case of death or permanent incapacity or disqualification of the
Chairman, the Acting Chairman shall also act as such until a new Chairman shall
have been appointed and qualified.
Organizational Structure — the Commission shall consist of the following units:
45
Commission Proper — this is composed of the offices of the Chairman and the four
(4) commissioners.
Staff Services — the staff services of the Commission shall be as follows:
1. The Planning and Research Service, which shall provide technical services to the
Commission in areas of overall policy formulation, strategic and operational
planning, management systems or procedures, evaluation and monitoring of the
Commission’s programs, projects and internal operations; and shall conduct
thorough research and analysis on social and economic conditions affecting
peace and order in the country;
2. The Legal Affairs Service, which shall provide the Commission with efficient and
effective service as legal counsel of the Commission; draft or study contracts
affecting the Commission and submit appropriate recommendations pertaining
thereto; and render legal opinions arising from the administration and operation
of the Philippine National Police and the Commission;
3. The Crime Prevention and Coordination Service, which shall undertake

criminological researches and studies; formulate a national crime prevention
plan; develop a crime prevention and information program and provide editorial
direction for all criminology research and crime prevention publications;
4. The Administrative Service, which shall provide the Commission with assistance
on budgetary and financial matters; provide the necessary services relating to
records, correspondence, supplies, property and equipment, security and general
services, and the maintenance and utilization of facilities; and provide services
relating to manpower, career planning and development, personnel transactions
and employee welfare;
5. The Inspection and Monitoring Service, which shall conduct continuous

inspection and management audit of personnel, facilities and operations at all
levels of command of the PNP and shall monitor the implementation of the
Commission’s programs and projects relative to law enforcement; and
46
6. The Installations and Logistics Service, which shall review the Commission’s
plans and programs and formulate policies and procedures regarding
acquisition, inventory, control, distribution, maintenance and disposal of supplies
and shall oversee the implementation of programs on transportation facilities
and installations and the procurement and maintenance of supplies and
equipment; and
7. Financial Service, which shall provide the Commission with staff advice and
assistance on budgetary and financial matters, including the overseeing of the
processing and disbursement of funds pertaining to the scholarship program
and surviving children of deceased and/or permanently incapacitated PNP
personnel.
Qualifications of Regional Directors — No person shall be appointed regional

director unless:
(a) He is at least thirty (30) years of age;
(b) A holder of a baccalaureate degree and appropriate civil service eligibility; and
(c) Has at least five (5) years’ experience in the field of law enforcement, criminology
or police administration.
Removal from Office — The members of the Commission may be removed from
office for cause. All vacancies in the Commission, except through expiration of term,
shall be filled up for the unexpired term only: Provided, That any person who shall be
appointed in this case shall be eligible for regular appointment for another full term.
Prohibitions — The Chairman and members of the Commission shall not engage in
the practice of any profession, or intervene, directly or indirectly, in the management
and control of any private enterprise. They shall not, directly or indirectly, have any
financial or material interest in any transaction requiring the approval of their office.
47
Powers and Functions of the Commission — The Commission shall exercise the
following powers and functions:
(a) Exercise administrative control over the Philippine National Police;
(b) Advise the President on all matters involving police functions and administration;
(c) Foster and develop policies and promulgate rules and regulations, standards and
procedures to improve police services based on sound professional concepts and
principles;
(d) Examine and audit, and thereafter establish the standards for such purposes on a
continuing basis, the performance, activities, and facilities of all police agencies
throughout the country;
(e) Prepare a police manual prescribing rules and regulations for efficient
48
organization, administration, and operation, including recruitment, selection,
promotion and retirement;
(f) Establish a system of uniform crime reporting;
(g) Conduct surveys and compile statistical data for the proper evaluation of the
efficiency and effectiveness of all police units in the country;
(h Render to the President and to Congress an annual report on its activities and
accomplishments during the thirty (30) days after the end of the calendar year, which
shall include an appraisal of the conditions obtaining in the organization and
administration of police agencies in the municipalities, cities and provinces
throughout the country, and recommendations for appropriate remedial legislation;
(i) Approve or modify plans and programs on education and training, logistical
requirements, communications, records, information systems, crime laboratory,
crime prevention and crime reporting;
(j) Affirm, reverse or modify, through the National Appellate Board, personnel
disciplinary actions involving demotion or dismissal from the service imposed upon
members of the Philippine National Police by the Chief of the Philippine National
Police;
(k) Exercise appellate jurisdiction through the regional appellate boards over
administrative cases against policemen and over decisions on claims for police
benefits;
(l) Recommend to the President, through the Secretary, within sixty (60) days before
the commencement of each calendar year, a crime prevention;
(m) Prescribe minimum standards for arms, equipment, and uniforms and, after
consultation with the Philippine Heraldy Commission, for insignia of ranks, awards
and medals of honor;
(n) Issue subpoena and subpoena duces tecum in matters pertaining to the
discharge of its own powers and duties, and designate who among its personnel can
issue such processes and administer oaths in connection therewith; and
(o) Perform such other functions necessary to carry out the provisions of this Act
49
and as the President may direct
Source Image: https://www.globalsecurity.org/intell/world/philippines/pnp-org.htm
50
ORGANIZATION and COMPOSITION OF THE PNP
Shall be headed by a Chief who shall be assisted by two (2) deputy chiefs:
- Deputy Chief for Administration
- Deputy Chief for Operations
- The Chief PNP and the two (2) deputy chiefs shall be appointed by the President.
- No officer who is retirable within six (6) months shall be appointed Chief.
- The PNP shall be composed of a national office, regional offices, provincial offices,
district offices, and city or municipal stations.
CAMP RAFAEL CRAME

- The national headquarters of the Philippine National Police, located in Quezon City
- Houses the offices of the following:
1. Chief, PNP
2. two (2) deputy chiefs
3. Chief, Directorial Staff
4. ten (10) directorial staff
5. ten (10) administrative support units
6. ten (10) operational support units
51
Directorial Staff
1. Directorate for Personnel and Records Management;
2. Directorate for Intelligence;
3. Directorate for Operations;
4. Directorate for Logistics;
5. Directorate for Integrated Police Operations
6. Directorate for Plans
7. Directorate for Comptrollership
8. Directorate for Police Community Relations
9. Directorate for Investigation and Detective Management
10. Directorate for Research and Development
11. Directorate for Information and Communication Technology Management.
12. Directorate for Human Resource and Doctrine Dev’t
Administrative Support Units

1. Logistics Support Unit
2. Information Technology Management Service
3. Finance Service
4. Health Service
5. Communications and Electronic Service
6. Chaplain Service
7. Legal Service
8. Headquarters Support Service
9. Engineering Service
10. Training Service
Operational Support Units

1. Maritime Group
2. Intelligence Group
3. Police Security and Protection Group
4. Criminal Investigation and Detection Group
5. Special Action Force
6. Aviation Security Group
7. Highway Patrol Group
8. Police Community Relations Group
9. Civil Security Group
10. Crime Laboratory
52
POLICE REGIONAL OFFICES
The PNP is divided into seventeen (17) police regional offices (PRO), each headed by
a Regional Director;
 PRO 1 – 13, NCRPO, CAR,MImaropa, and ARMM
PROVINCIAL POLICE OFFICES

- For every region, there are provincial offices, each headed by a Provincial Director
- In large provinces, police districts may be established to be headed by a District
Director
- At the city or municipal levels or stations, each is headed by a Chief of Police
DISTRICT OFFICES
NCRPO is divided into five (5) districts, each headed by a District Director:
1. Manila Police District (MPD) (formerly Western Police District) - Manila
2. Eastern Police District (EPD) – Marikina, Pasig, San Juan and Mandaluyong,
3. Northern Police District (NPD) – Caloocan, Malabon, Navotas, Valenzuela
4. Central Police District (CPD) – Quezon City
5. Southern Police District (SPD) – Pasay, Makati, Paranaque, Las Pinas, Muntinlupa,
Taguig and Pateros
MANNING LEVELS (POLICE-TO-POPULATION RATIO)

1:500 – nationwide average
1:1000 – minimum police-to-population ratio
KEY POSITIONS AND THEIR CORRESPONDING RANKS IN THE PNP

RANKS POSITIONS
(Old/New)
Director General (PDG) / Chief, PNP
Police General
Deputy Chief of PNP for Administration
(2nd in Command)
Deputy Director General (PDDG) / Deputy Chief of PNP Operations (3rd in
Police Lieutenant General Command)
Chief, Directorial Staffs
Director (PDIR) / Directors of the Directorial Staff

53
Police Major General NCRPO Director
Regional Director, Police Regional Offices
Heads of Administrative & Operational
Chief Superintendent Support Units
(PCSUPT)/ Police Brigadier General Inspector, General, Internal Affairs
Services
District Director, National Capital Region
Police Office
Senior Superintendent (PSSUPT) / Provincial Director, Provincial Police
Police Colonel Offices
City Directors, City Police Offices
Superintendent (PSUPT)/ District Director, PNP District Offices
Police Lieutenant Colonel
Chief Inspector (PCI) / Chiefs of Police, Municipal Police
Police Major Stations
54
Source Image: https://www.globalsecurity.org/intell/world/philippines/pnp-org.htm

RUBRIC
CRITERIA
4 3 2 1
Answer Answered the
Did not answer
Answer all all the
questions questions

developed
follow
Display five (5)
errors in
Display no
errors
55

sheet of paper.
1. Give the 2 (two) deputies assisted to
the PNP chief? Explain each function.
2. Give the nationwide average ratio in
police to population.
3. In modified PNP rank classification
what is the highest rank in PNP
organization?
sheet of paper.
1. Enumerate the offices of the Directorial Staff, Administrative Support Units &
operational support unis.
2. Draw the PNP Organizational structure.
56
LESSON II
POSITIONS, APPOINTMENT AND DESIGNATION IN THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL
POLICE
the blank.
Sun Flower Permanent
Lapu-lapu Magellan
Temporary Laurel Leaves
1. Symbolize the flowering, maturing and ultimate realization of the glorious

evolution of the PC/INP into a National Police Organization. ________
2. The great Filipino hero of Mactan, the prototype of the best and most noble
in Filipino manhood. _______
3. Symbolizes the competency, brilliance and honor in the field of endeavor
expected from each and every member of the PNP. ______________
4. The applicant considers ______ when he/she possesses the upgraded
general qualifications for appointment in the PNP.
5. Any PNP personnel who are admitted due to the waiver of the educational
or weight requirements consider as________?
57
Positions, Appointment and Designation in the Philippine National Police
Police Uniform, Attire and Accessories
https://www.facebook.com/PNP.TagapagUgnay/photos/a.503320549764206/872998636129727/?type=3
Lapu-lapu Hero - The great Filipino hero of Mactan, the prototype of the best and
most noble in Filipino manhood who is the symbol and embodiment of all the
genuine attributes of leadership, courage, nationalism, self-reliance and a people-
based and people powered community defense. The benevolent and heroic warrior
who derived added strength from a cohesive, determined and loyal people is today a
fitting symbol and a prototype as well of people power to preserve our values,
customs, traditions, way of life and the rule of law thru a solidly community-based
police system. Lapu-Lapu also personifies for us today civilian constitutional
authority.
Laurel - Green Laurel with 14 leaves symbolizes the 14 Regional Commands. It is
also a symbol of the honor, dignity and the privilege of being a member of a noble
organization where the call to public service is par excellence a commitment to
public trust.
Shield - The symbol of the Philippine Constabulary, the first National Police by virtue
58
of Organic Act No. 175, enacted by the Philippine Commission on 18 July 1901. The
Philippine Constabulary for the close to 90 years of service to the nation has
performed with honor, professionalism and courage. The PC has carved out a large
part of the glorious pages of Philippine history, as attested by its proudly and
deservedly garnering 86 of the 92 "Medals of Valor" the highest honor that a grateful
Filipino nation can bestow on its gallant sons in the service of the Republic. Most
appropriately therefore, the Philippine Constabulary became the nucleus of the
Integrated National Police in 1975 to nurture the then embryonic concept of the
nationalization of the country's local police forces.
Three Stars - Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao and the 1,700 islands and the territorial
integrity wherein the National Police must enforce the law and maintain peace and
order with professionalism, zeal and dedication in keeping with the highest ideals
and traditions of service to our country and people.
Service • Honor • Justice - Added distinct ideals for the officers, men and women of
the PNP to insure efficiency, integrity, cohesiveness, camaraderie and equanimity to
enhance community acceptance and support to attain its mission of peace keeping
and law enforcement.
Sun - Symbolize the flowering, maturing and ultimate realization of the glorious
evolution of the PC/INP into a National Police Organization - "national in scope and
civilian in character" - as enshrined in the 1986 Constitution. The Traditional light rays
which represents the fightingest provinces whose ideals of courage and patriotism
the members of the National Police must possess.
PNP Badge Symbolism
Philippine Monkey Eating Eagle The National Bird - symbol of swiftness and ferocity,
power, courage and immortality.
PNP Shield - Symbol of protection of all citizens.
Three Stars - Stands for Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao which constitute the
Republic's Territorial Integrity over which the PNP must enforce the law and maintain
peace and order with professionalism, zeal and dedication in keeping with the
highest ideals and traditions of service to God, Country and People.
Eight Sun Rays - Represents the eight (8) provinces whose ideals of courage,
gallantry patriotism led to their revolt against Spain.
59
Lapu-Lapu - Symbolizes the bravery of the Philippine National Police.
Service, Honor, Justice - Service is the vibrant and cogent deeds and actions in
response to the needs and wants of the people in distress: Honor could be the
overriding criterion and consideration in the performance of their entrusted task or
mission: and Justice dispensed to everyone whatever is due to him without
favoritism or discrimination of any sort.
Laurel Leaves - Symbolizes the competency, brilliance and honor in the field of
endeavor expected from each and every member of the PNP.
Philippine National Police - Identity of Solidarity.
PNP “Tamang Bihis”
1. PNP Bush Coat (Type A)
Source Image: https://www.scribd.com/doc/296700761/Types-of-Pnp-Authorized-Uniforms-Tamang-Bihis
2. GOA Type B
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3. Patrol Uniform
Source Image: http://www.pnp.gov.ph/index.php/resources/pnp-uniform
4. Search and Rescue Uniform
61
62
5. Tourist Patrol Uniform
63
64
65
GENERAL QUALIFICATIONS FOR APPOINTMENT TO THE PNP (RA 6975, as

amended by RA 8551 and RA 9708)
1. A citizen of the Philippines;
2. A person of good moral conduct;
66
3. Must have passed the psychiatric/psychological, drug and physical tests to be
administered by the PNP or by any NAPOLCOM accredited government hospital for
the purpose of determining physical and mental health;
4. Must possess a formal baccalaureate degree from a recognized institution of
learning;
5. Must be eligible in accordance with the standards set by the Commission;
6. Must not have been dishonorably discharged from military employment or
dismissed for cause from any civilian position in the Government;
7. Must not have been convicted by final judgment of an offense or crime involving
moral turpitude;
8. Must be at least one meter and sixty-two centimeters (1.62 m) in height for male
and one meter and fifty-seven (1.57 m) for female;
9. Must weigh not more or less than five kilograms (5kgs) from the standard weight
corresponding to his or her height, age and sex; and
10. For a new applicant, must not be less than twenty-one (21) nor more than thirty
(30) years of age
Pursuant to RA 9708, “…PNP members who are already in the service upon
the effectivity of Republic Act No. 8551 shall be given five (5) years to obtain the
minimum educational qualification preferably in law enforcement related courses, to
be reckoned from the date of the effectivity of this amendatory Act: Provided,
furthermore, That for concerned PNP members rendering more than fifteen (15)
years of service and who have exhibited exemplary performance as determined by
the Commission, shall no longer be required to comply with the aforementioned
minimum educational requirement.”
Appointment of PNP Officers and Members. — The appointment of the officers and
members of the PNP shall be effected in the following manner:
(a) Police Officer I to Senior Police Officer IV — Appointed by the PNP regional
director for regional personnel or by the Chief of the PNP for the national
headquarters personnel and attested by the Civil Service Commission.
(b) Inspector to Superintendent — Appointed by the Chief of the PNP, as

recommended by their immediate superiors, attested by the Civil Service
Commission;
(c) Senior Superintendent to Deputy Director General — Appointed by the

President upon recommendation of the chief of the PNP, with proper endorsement by
67
the Chairman of the Civil Service Commission and subject to confirmation by the
Commission on Appointments; and
(d) Director General — Appointed by the President from among the senior
officers down to the rank of chief superintendent in the service, subject to
confirmation by the Commission on Appointments: Provided, That the Chief of the
PNP shall serve a tour of duty not to exceed four (4) years: Provided, further, That, in
times of war or other national emergency declared by Congress, the President may
extend such tour of duty.
APPOINTMENT UNDER WAIVER PROGRAM

(NAPOLCOM MC No. 2007-009)
1) Conditions on waivers for initial appointment to the PNP
The age, height, weight, and educational requirements for initial appointment
to the PNP may be waived only when the number of qualified applicants fall below
the minimum annual quota:
 an applicant shall not be below twenty (20) nor over thirty-five (35) years of
age:
 any applicant not meeting the weight requirement shall be given reasonable
time but not exceeding six (6) months within which to comply with the said
requirement
 only applicants who have finished second year college or have earned at least
seventy-two (72) collegiate units leading to a bachelor's decree shall be
eligible for appointment:
 anybody who will enter the service without a baccalaureate degree shall be
given a maximum of four (4) years to obtain the required educational
qualification:
 waiver for height requirement shall be automatically granted to applicants
belonging to the cultural communities.
3) Selection Criteria under the waiver program

a) Applicants who possess the least disqualifications shall take precedence
over those who possess more disqualifications.
b) The requirement shall be waived in the following order:
1) Age
2) Height
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3) Weight
KINDS OF APPOINTMENT
PERMANENT – when an applicant possesses the upgraded general qualifications for

appointment in the PNP.
TEMPORARY – Any PNP personnel who is admitted due to the waiver of the
educational or weight requirements. Any members who will fail to satisfy any of the
waived requirements with the specified time periods shall be dismissed from the
service.
Pursuant to NAPOLCOM Memorandum Circular No. 2007-009, a newly
recruited PO1 shall be appointed in temporary status in twelve (12) months pending
compliance with the Field Training Program (FTP) involving actual experience and
assignment in patrol, traffic and investigation.
Nature of Appointment Under a Waiver Program. – Any PNP uniformed personnel

who are admitted due to the waiver of the educational or weight requirements shall
be issued a temporary appointment pending the satisfaction of the requirement
waived. Any member who will fail to satisfy any of the waived requirements within
the specified time periods under Section 13 of this Act shall be dismissed from the
service.
Re-application of Dismissed PNP Members Under a Waiver Program. – Any PNP

member who shall be dismissed under a waiver program shall be eligible to re-apply
for appointment to the PNP: Provided, That he or she possesses the minimum
qualifications under Section 14 of this Act and his or her reappointment is not by
virtue of another waiver program.
Field Training Program – All uniformed members of the PNP shall undergo a Field
Training Program for twelve (12) months involving actual experience and assignment
in patrol, traffic, and investigation as a requirement for permanency of their
appointment.
Initial Requirements for Admission
PNPA need able, responsible and well-motivated youths who have the aptitude for
service to meet the varied and challenging duties of a public safety service officer.
69
 Natural born Filipino citizen
 Of good moral character
 Male or female, single and with no parental and financial obligation to

anybody
 Must be 18 years old and not more than 22 years old on appointment
 Height of at least 162.5 (5ft 4in) for male, and 157.5cm (5ft 2in) for female
 Weight must not be more than or not less than five (5) kilograms of the
standard weight corresponding to height, age and sex
 Atleast high school graduate
 Must be able to perform the following physical fitness exercise:
Exercises Male Female

Pull-ups 3
Full Arms Hanging 30 seconds
2-minute Push-ups 15 10
2-minute Sit-ups 30 25
100-meter Dash 18 seconds 20 seconds
3-kilometer Run 27 minutes 30 minutes
 Physically and mentally fit for cadetship training
 No criminal, administrative, or civil case and other derogatory record(s)
 Not a former cadet of PNPA or other service academies
 Must pass the Cadet Admission Test (CAT)
o Coverage of Examination
 Communication Skills
 Logical and Reasoning Ability
 Math and Sciences
 General Information and Current Events

70
 Values and Aptitude for the Service
PNP RECRUITMENT PROCEDURE (NAPOLCOM M.C. No. 2007-009)
1. Preparation and proper approval of quota allocation

The PNP shall prepare, through the Directorate for Personnel and Records
Management (DPRM) and submit it to the NAPOLCOM for approval of the PNP
annual recruitment quota.
2. Posting and publication of Notice of Recruitment

The Notice of Recruitment shall include the following data for the information
of prospective applicants:
1. Quota for the city/municipal police station;
2. Vacancies are open to both male and female applicant;
3. General qualification standards;
4. Documentary requirements;
5. Where to submit the application papers and documents;
6. Deadline for submission; and
7. Schedule of screening/evaluation.
3. Submission of the application folders

4. Selection and evaluation process by the PNP Screening Committee
5. Psychiatric/Psychological Examination (PPE)
6. Complete Physical, Medical and Dental Examination (PMDE)
7. Physical Agility Test
8. Final Committee Interview
9. Certification by the NAPOLCOM and attestation by the Civil Service Commission
10. Issuance of appointment order and oath taking
The final evaluation includes the sequential conduct of the following examinations,
test and interview:
1. Psychiatric/Psychological Examination (PPE) – to exclude applicants that

may be suffering from any mental disorder. It shall be administered to all
applicants under the supervision of the PNP Medical Officer and NAPOLCOM
Representative. Only those applicants who passed the PPE shall proceed to
the next stage, the Physical, Medical and Dental Examination (PMDE).
71
2. Complete Physical, Medical and Dental Examination (PMDE) – this test shall
determine whether or not the applicants are in good health and free from any
contagious diseases. It shall be conducted by the PNP Health Service under
the supervision of the PNP Medical Officer and NAPOLCOM Representative.
Applicants who passed the PMDE shall be indorsed for the conduct of the
Physical Agility Test (PAT).
3. Physical Agility Test (PAT) – this test shall determine whether or not the
applicant possesses the required coordination, strength and speed of
movement necessary in the police service.
4. Final Committee Interview (FCI) – it shall determine the applicants’ aptitude
to join the police service, likableness, affability, outside interest,
conversational ability, disagreeable mannerisms, etc.
5. The drug test (DT) shall not follow the sequential steps but shall be
conducted on passers only any time after the PPE, PMDE, or PAT but before
the Final Committee Interview. It shall be administered by the PNP Crime
Laboratory.
6. The conduct of the Physical Agility Test (PAT) and Neuro-Psychiatric (NP)
examination shall be simultaneous nationwide to prevent a retake in another
place of said tests by applicants who initially failed on the same.
7. The complete Character and Background Investigation (CBI) shall be
conducted on all PPE passers and must be completed before the start of the
Final Committee Interview. The complete CBI shall determine their reputation
and possible involvement in any questionable or criminal activities or violent
incidents.
NAPOLCOM PARTICIPATION IN THE PNP RECRUITMENT AND PROMOTION

PROGRAMS
NAPOLCOM representatives to the PNP Recruitment Screening

Committees are actively involved in the recruitment and selection process
including interview of applicants, the PNP Neuro-Psychiatric Examinations,
Physical/Medical and Dental Examination, Physical Agility Test (PAT) and Drug
Test.
There are also NAPOLCOM Representatives to the following PNP
Promotion Boards:
1. PCO Promotion Boards;
72
2. PNCO Promotion Boards; and
3. Lateral Entry Board
Increased Qualifications for Provincial Directors. – No person may be appointed

Director of a Provincial Police Office unless:
a) he or she holds a master's degree in public administration, sociology,

criminology, criminal justice, law enforcement, national security
administration, defense studies, or other related discipline from a recognized
institution of learning; and
b) has satisfactorily passed the required training and career courses

necessary for the position as may be established by the Commission
Qualifications of Chief of City and Municipal Police Stations – No person shall be

appointed chief of a city police station unless he/she is a graduate of Bachelor of
Laws or has finished all the required courses of a master's degree program in public
administration, criminology, criminal justice, law enforcement, national security
administration, defense studies, and other related disciplines from a recognized
institution of learning. No person shall be appointed chief of a municipal police
station unless he or she has finished at least second year Bachelor of Laws or has
earned at least twelve (12) units in a master's degree program in public
administration, criminology, criminal justice, law enforcement, national security
administration, and other related disciplines from a recognized institution of learning:
Provided, That members of the Bar with at least five (5) years of law practice,
licensed criminologists or graduates of the Philippine National Police Academy and
who possess the general qualifications for initial appointment to the PNP shall be
qualified for appointment as chief of a city or municipal police station: Provided,
further, That the appointee has successfully passed the required field training
program and has complied with other requirements as may be established by the
Commission:
Performance Evaluation System — There shall be established a performance

evaluation system which shall be administered in accordance with the rules,
regulations and standards, and a code of conduct promulgated by the Commission
for members of the PNP. Such performance evaluation system be administered in
such a way as to foster the improvement of individual efficiency and behavioral
discipline as well as the promotion of organizational effectiveness and respect for
73
the constitutional and human rights of citizens, democratic principles and ideals and
the supremacy of civilian authority over the military.
Incentives and Awards. — There shall be established an incentives and awards

system which shall be administered by a board under such rules, regulations and
standards as may be promulgated by the Department: Provided, That equivalent
awards shall be given by the Department for every award duly given by respectable
civic organizations in a nationwide selection for outstanding achievement and/or
performance of any member.
Health and Welfare. — It shall be the concern of the Department to provide

leadership and assistance in developing health and welfare programs for its
personnel.
The heads of all bureaus and other offices created under this Act shall take all proper
steps towards the creation of an atmosphere conducive to a good supervisor-
subordinate relationship and the improvement of personnel morale.
Longevity Pay and Allowances — Uniformed personnel of the Department shall be

entitled to a longevity pay of ten percent (10%) of their basic monthly salaries for
every five (5) years of service, which shall be reckoned from the date of the
personnel’s original appointment in the AFP, or appointment in the police, fire jail or
other allied services to the integration of the PC and the INP: Provided, That the
totality of such longevity pay shall not exceed fifty percent (50%) of the basic pay.
They shall also continue to enjoy the subsistence allowance, quarters allowance,
clothing allowance cost of living allowance, hazard pay, and all other allowances as
provided by existing laws.
Active Service. — For purposes of this Act, active service of the uniformed personnel
shall refer to services rendered as an officer and non-officer, cadet, trainee or draftee
in the PNP, Fire or Jail Force or in the municipal police prior to the integration of the
PC-INP or in the AFP, and services rendered as a civilian official or employee in the
Philippine Government prior to the date of separation or retirement from the PNP,
Fire or Jail Force
Permanent Physical Disability — An officer or non-officer who, having accumulated

at least twenty (20) years of active service, incurs total permanent physical disability
in line of duty shall be compulsorily retired: Provided, That, if he has accumulated
74
less than twenty (20) years of active service, he shall be separated from the service
and be entitled to a separation pay equivalent to one and one-fourth (11/4) months
base pay for every year of service, or a fraction thereof, and longevity pay of the
permanent grade he holds.
Retirement in the Next Higher Grade — Uniformed personnel covered under this Act
shall, for purposes of retirement pay, be retired in one (1) grade higher than the
permanent grade last held: Provided, That they have served for at least one (1) year
of active service in the permanent grade.
Retirement Benefits — Monthly retirement pay shall be fifty percent (50%) of the
base pay and longevity pay of the retired grade in case of twenty (20) years of active
service, increasing by two and one-half percent (2.5%) for every year of active service
rendered beyond twenty (20) years to a maximum of ninety percent (90%) for thirty-
six (36) years of active service and over.
Death and Disability Benefits — A uniformed personnel and/or his heirs shall be
entitled to all benefits relative to the death or permanent incapacity of said personnel,
as provided for under this Act, and/or other existing laws.
Exemption from Attachment and Taxes — All benefits granted by this Act, including
benefits received from the Government Service Insurance System, shall not be
subject to attachment, levy, execution or any tax of whatever nature.
Complaints and Grievances — Uniformed personnel shall have the right to present
complaints and grievances to their superiors or commanders and have them heard
and adjudicated as expeditiously as possible in the best interest of the service, with
due regard to due process in every case. Such complaints or grievances shall be
resolved at the lowest possible level in the unit of command and the respondent shall
have the right to appeal from an adverse decision to higher authorities.
75
RUBRIC
CRITERIA
4 3 2 1
Answer Answered the
Did not answer
Answer all all the
questions questions

developed
follow
Display five (5)
errors in
Display no
errors

sheet of paper.
1. Mr. Juan dela Cruz was born on June1,
1999. Does he meet the age requirement
for entry to the police service in June
2019? If your answer is YES/NO then
support your answer.
2. What is the minimum height
requirement for male applicants in the
PNP under regular recruitment?
Direction: Read and answer the following questions. Choose the correct letter that
corresponds to your answer. Write your answer in a separate sheet of paper.
1. The PNP Deputy Chiefs and the Chief of the Directorial Staff have tenure of
76
office of:
a. 5 years c. 6 years
b. 4 years d. 9 years
2. The compulsory retirement age for PNP members is:

a. 50 years old c. 56 years old
b. 60 years old d. 55 years old
3. The percentage of PNP annual quota that is allotted for women is:
a. 50% b. 15% c. 10% d. 20%
4. Police Capt. Barbell who acquired permanent physical disability in the

performance of his duty and unable to further perform his duty shall be entitled to
a lifetime pension equivalent to:
a. His last salary c. 50% of his
salary
b. 80% his last salary d. 90% of his salary
5. No officer who has retired or is retirable within _____from his compulsory

retirement age shall be appointed as chief of the PNP
c. 5 months c. 6 months
d. 1 year d. 2 years
LESSON III
77
CUSTOMS AND TRADITIONS
the blank.
Ceremony Patriotism Loyalty
Salute Camaraderie Honesty

1. A formal act or set of formal acts established by customs or authority as
proper to special occasion. _____
2. Salute is the usual greetings rendered by uniformed members upon
meeting and recognizing person entitled to a salute. _______
3. The binding spirit that enhances teamwork and cooperation in the police
organization, extending to the people they serve._______
4. The PNP members are traditionally patriotic by nature. They manifest their
love of country with a pledge of allegiance to the flag and a vow to defend the
constitution._____
5. PNP members are traditionally loyal to the organization, country and people
as borne by history and practice. _____
CUSTOMS AND TRADITIONS
The PNP adopts the generally acceptable customs and traditions based on the
desirable practices of the police service. These shall serve to inspire PNP members
as the organization endeavors to attain its goals and objectives.
Customs - Established usage or social practices carried on by traditions that have

obtained the force of law.
Traditions – Bodies of beliefs, stories, customs and usages handed down from
generation to generation with the effect of an unwritten law.
78
Courtesy – A manifestation of expression of consideration and respect for others.
Ceremony – A formal act or set of formal acts established by customs or authority

as proper to special occasion.
Social Decorum – A set of norms and standards practiced by members during social
activities and other functions.
Police Customs on Courtesy
The following are customs on courtesy in the PNP
Salute – Salute is the usual greetings rendered by uniformed members upon meeting
and recognizing person entitled to a salute.
Salute to National Color and Standard – Members stand at attention and salute the
national color and standard as these pass by them or when the national color is
raised or lowered during ceremonies.
Address/Title – Junior in rank address senior members who are entitled to salute
with the word “Sir” or “Ma’am”. All Police Commissioned Officers shall be addressed
sir or ma’am by Police Non-Commissioned Officers and Non-Uniformed Personnel.
Courtesy Calls
The following are the customs on courtesy calls
Courtesy Calls – The following are the customs on courtesy calls:
Courtesy Call of Newly Assigned/Appointed Member – PNP members who are

newly appointed or assigned in a unit or command call on the chief of the unit or
command and other key personnel as a matter of courtesy, as well as for accounting,
orientation and other purposes.
Christmas Call – PNP members pay a Christmas Call on their local executives in
their respective areas of responsibility.
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New Year’s Call – PNP members pay a New Year’s call on their commanders and /or
key officials in their respective areas of responsibility.
Promotion Call – Newly promoted PNP members call on their unit head. On this
occasion, they are usually given due recognition and congratulations by their peers
for such deserved accomplishment.
Exit Call – PNP members pay an Exit Call on their superiors in the unit or command
when relieved or reassigned out of the said unit or command.
Courtesy of the Post – The host unit extend hospitality to visiting personnel who pay
respect to the command or unit.
Rank Has –Its –Own Privilege (RHIP) – PNP members recognize the practice that
different ranks carry with them corresponding privileges.
Police Customs on Ceremonies
Flag Raising Ceremony – PNP members honor the flag by hoisting ii and singing the
National Anthem before the start of the official day’s work.
Flag Lowering Ceremony – At the end of the official days’ work, the PNP members
pause for a moment to salute the lowering of the flag.
Half-Mast – The flag is raised at half-mast in deference to deceased uniformed

members of the command.
Funeral Service and Honors – Departed uniformed members, retirees, war veterans
or former PC/INP members are given vigil, necrological services and graveside
honors as a gesture of farewell.
Ceremony Tendered to Retirees – In recognition of their long, faithful and honorable

service to the PNP, a testimonial activity shall be tendered in their honor.
Honor Ceremony – Arrival and departure honor ceremonies are rendered to visiting
dignitaries, VIPs, PNP Officers with the grade of Chief Superintendent and above and
AFP officers of equivalent grade, unless waived.
80
Turnover Ceremony – The relinquishment and assumption of command or key
position is publicly announced in a Turnover Ceremony by the outgoing and incoming
officers in the presence of the immediate superior or his representative. Outgoing
Commander/Director should not leave his post without proper turnover. Turn-over
includes turnover of properties/equipment, human and material resources.
Wedding Ceremony - During marriage of PNP members, a ceremony is conducted

with participants in uniform and swords drawn. 4.9 Anniversary – The birth or
institutional establishment of a command or unit is commemorated in an
Anniversary Ceremony.
Proper Attire – PNP members always wear appropriate and proper attire in
conformity with the occasion.
Table Manners – PNP members observe table etiquette at all times.
Social Graces – PNP members conduct themselves properly in dealing with people
during social functions.
Uniform/Appearance – The public looks upon a PNP member as distinctively a man

among men. It is a welcome sight when PNP members wear their uniform properly
wherever they may be. Bulging stomach is a taboo in the uniformed service. Since
disciplined PNP members are best exemplified by those who are neat in appearance
and wearing the prescribed uniform, they must therefore observe the following:
Wearing of prescribed uniform Adherence to haircut prescribed by rules & regulations.
Manner of Walking- Every PNP Member is expected to walk with pride and dignity.
Other Police Customs
Visiting the Sick - Immediate commanders or other available officers of the unit visit
PNP Members who are sick in the hospital, their residence or any place of
confinement in order that their needs are attended to.
Survivor Assistance of Heir of Deceased Members - A survivor officer is designated

whenever PNP members die, to render maximum assistance to their bereaved family
until all benefits due shall have been received.
Visiting the Religious Leaders - PNP Officers visit religious leaders in their areas of
81
assignment to establish or maintain rapport and cooperation between the different
religious leaders and the PNP.
Athletics- PNP members indulge in physical fitness activities to insure that their
proper physical appearance and bearing are smaller than the size of his chest and in
conformity with the standard set forth by the organization.
Happy Hours - Usually on Friday or any other day suitable for the occasion, PNP
members gather together at their PNP club for a light hearted jesting or airing of
minor gripes.
Police Tradition
The following are police traditions:
Spiritual Beliefs - PNP members are traditionally religious and God-loving person.
They attend religious services together with the members of their family.
Valor - History attests that the Filipino law enforcers have exemplified the tradition of
valor in defending the country from aggression and oppression and
protecting/preserving the life and property of the people. They sacrificed their limbs
and lives for the sake of their countrymen whom they have pledged to serve.
Patriotism - The PNP members are traditionally patriotic by nature. They manifest
their love of country with a pledge of allegiance to the flag and a vow to defend the
constitution.
Discipline - The discipline of the PNP members is manifested by instinctive

obedience to lawful orders and thorough and spontaneous actions towards
attainment of organizational objectives guided by moral, ethical and legal norms.
Gentlemanliness - PNP members are upright in character, gentle in manners,

dignified in appearance, and sincere in their concern to fellowmen.
Word of Honor - PNP members’ word is their bond. They stand by and commit to
uphold it. 7.7
Duty - PNP members have historically exemplified themselves as dedicated public

82
servants who perform their tasks with a deep sense of responsibility and self-
sacrifice. They shall readily accept assignment anywhere in the country.
Loyalty - PNP members are traditionally loyal to the organization, country and people
as borne by history and practice.
Camaraderie - The binding spirit that enhances teamwork and cooperation in the
police organization, extending to the people they serve. Manifested by the PNP
members deep commitment and concern for one another.
ATTRITION SYSTEM FOR UNIFORMED PERSONNEL
Attrition System – There shall be established a system of attrition within the

uniformed members of the PNP within one (1) year from the effectivity of this Act to
be submitted by the PNP to the Commission for approval. Such attrition system shall
include but is not limited to the provisions of the following sections.
Attrition by Attainment of Maximum Tenure in Position – The maximum tenure of

PNP members holding key positions is hereby prescribed as follows:
POSITION MAXIMUM TENURE
Chief four (4) years
Deputy Chief four (4) years
Director of the Staff Services four (4) years
Regional Directors six (6) years
Provincial/City Directors nine (9) years
Other positions higher than Provincial Director shall have the maximum tenure of six
(6) years. Unless earlier separated, retired or promoted to a higher position in
accordance with the PNP Staffing Pattern, police officers holding the above-
mentioned positions shall be compulsorily retired at the maximum tenure in position
herein prescribed, or at age fifty-six (56), whichever is earlier: Provided, That in times
of war or other national emergency declared by Congress, the President may extend
the PNP Chief's tour of duty: Provided, further, That PNP members who have already
reached their maximum tenure upon the effectivity of this Act may be allowed one (1)
year more of tenure in their positions before the maximum tenure provided in this
83
Section shall be applied to them, unless they shall have already reached the
compulsory retirement age of fifty-six (56), in which case the compulsory retirement
age shall prevail. Except for the Chief, PNP, no PNP member who has less than one
(1) year of service before reaching the compulsory retirement age shall be promoted
to a higher rank or appointed to any other position.
Attrition by Relief – A PNP uniformed personnel who has been relieved for just cause
and has not been given an assignment within two (2) years after such relief shall be
retired or separated.
Attrition by Demotion in Position or Rank – Any PNP personnel, civilian or uniformed,

who is relieved and assigned to a position lower than what is established for his or
her grade in the PNP staffing pattern and who shall not be assigned to a position
commensurate to his or her grade within eighteen (18) months after such demotion
in position shall be retired or separated.
Attrition by Non-promotion – Any PNP personnel who has not been promoted for a
continuous period of ten (10) years shall be retired or separated.
Attrition by Other Means – A PNP member or officer with at least five (5) years of
accumulated active service shall be separated based on any of the following factors:
a) Inefficiency based on poor performance during the last two (2) successive
annual rating periods;
b) Inefficiency based on poor performance for three (3) cumulative annual

rating periods;
c) Physical and/or mental incapacity to perform police functions and duties;

or
d) Failure to pass the required entrance examinations twice and/or finish the
required career courses except for justifiable reasons.
Promotion by Virtue of Position – Any PNP personnel designated to any key position
whose rank is lower than that which is required for such position shall, after
six (6) months of occupying the same, be entitled to a rank adjustment
corresponding to the position: Provided, That the personnel shall not be reassigned
to a position calling for a higher rank until after two (2) years from the date of such
84
rank adjustment: Provided, further, That any personnel designated to the position
who does not possess the established minimum qualifications therefor shall occupy
the same temporarily for not more than six (6) months without reappointment or
extension.
Promotions – (a) A uniformed member of the PNP shall not be eligible for promotion
to a higher position or rank unless he or she has successfully passed the
corresponding promotional examination given by the Commission, or the Bar, or the
corresponding board examinations for technical services and other professions, has
Satisfactorily completed the appropriate and accredited course in the PNPA or

equivalent training institutions, and has satisfactorily passed the required
psychiatric/psychological and drug tests. In addition, no uniformed member of the
PNP shall be eligible for promotion during the pendency of his or her administrative
and/or criminal case or unless he or she has been cleared by the People's Law
Enforcement Board (PLEB), and the Office of the Ombudsman of any complaints
proffered against him or her, if any.
Special Promotion – promotion granted to police officers who have exhibited acts of
conspicuous courage and gallantry at the risk of his/her life above and beyond the
call of duty.
Conspicuous courage is a courage that is clearly distinguished above others in the
performance of one’s duty.
ACTS OF CONSPICUOUS COURAGE AND GALLANTRY (NAPOLCOM Memorandum

Circular No. 2007-003 and PNP Memorandum Circular No. 2009-019)
1. A deed of personal bravery and self-sacrifice above and beyond the call of duty, so
conspicuous as to distinguish the act clearly over and above his/her comrades in the
performance of more than ordinary hazardous service, such as; but not limited to the
following circumstances:
a. Overwhelming number of enemies and firepower capability as against the
strength of PNP operatives and their firepower capability;
b. Infiltration and penetration of the safehouses and hideouts of organized
crime syndicates like kidnapping, illegal drugs, carnapping, hijacking and terrorism;
c. Shoot-out in robbery/hold-up incidents inside public places such as: malls,
government offices, business establishments and PUVs;
d. Conduct of rescue/disaster operations that resulted in the saving of lives
85
and properties.
2. An act of heroism exhibited in the face of an armed enemy or in the conduct of
rescue/disaster operations resulting in the loss of life (posthumous promotions).
Posthumous Award – in case an individual who distinguish himself dies before the
granting of the awards.
RETIREMENT OR SEPARATION UNDER THE ATTRITION SYSTEM

Any personnel who is dismissed from the PNP pursuant to different ways
mentioned, shall be retired if he or she has rendered at least twenty (20) years of
service and separated if he or she has rendered less than twenty (20) years of
service, unless the personnel is disqualified by law to receive such benefits.
RETIREMENT
The separation of the police personnel from the service by reason of reaching
the age of retirement provided by law, or upon completion of certain number of years
in active service. PNP uniformed personnel shall retire to the next higher rank for
purposes of retirement pay.
KINDS OF RETIREMENT
A) Compulsory– for officer and non-officer, upon the attainment of age Fifty-Six (56).
Provided, in case of any officer with the rank of CSUPT, Director or Deputy Director
General, the Commission may allow his retention in the service for an unextendible of
one (1) year.
B) Optional – upon accumulation of at least Twenty (20) years of satisfactory active

service.
RETIREMENT BENEFITS
Monthly retirement pay shall be FIFTY PERCENT (50%) of the base pay in case of
twenty years of active service, increasing by TWO AND ONE-HALF PERCENT (2.5%)
for every year of active service rendered beyond twenty years.
Citizen's Complaint – Any complaint by a natural or juridical person against any

member of the PNP shall be brought before the following:
86
"(1) Chiefs of Police, where the offense is punishable by withholding of
privileges, restriction to specified limits, suspension or forfeiture of salary, or
any combination thereof, for a period not exceeding fifteen (15) days;
"(2) Mayors of cities and municipalities, where the offense is punishable by

withholding of privileges, restriction to specified limits, suspension or
forfeiture of salary, or any combination thereof, for a period of not less than
sixteen (16) days but not exceeding thirty (30) days;
"(3) People's Law Enforcement Board, as created under Section 43 hereof,

where the offense is punishable by withholding of privileges, restriction to
specified limits, suspension or forfeiture of salary, or any combination thereof,
for a period exceeding thirty (30) days; or by dismissal.
DISCIPLINARY AUTHORITIES:
1) CHIEF OF POLICE - where the offense is punishable by withholding of privileges,
restriction to specified limits, suspension or forfeiture of salary, or any combination
thereof, for a period not exceeding fifteen (15) days
2) CITY/MUNICIPAL MAYORS - where the offense is punishable by withholding of
privileges, restriction to specified limits, suspension or forfeiture of salary, or any
combination thereof, for a period not less than Sixteen but not exceeding Thirty (30)
Days.
3) PEOPLE’S LAW ENFORCEMENT BOARD (PLEB) - where the offense is punishable
by withholding of privileges, restriction to specified limits, suspension or forfeiture of
salary, or any combination thereof, for a period exceeding Thirty (30) Days, or by
Dismissal.
INTERNAL DISCIPLINE – On dealing with minor offense involving internal discipline

found to have committed by any PNP members, the duly designated supervisors
shall, after due notice and hearings, exercise disciplinary powers as follows:
1) CHIEF OF POLICE - may impose the administrative punishment of admonition or

reprimand; restriction to specified limits; withholding of privileges; forfeiture of salary
or suspension; or any combination of the foregoing for a period not exceeding Fifteen
(15) Days.
2) PROVINCIAL DIRECTORS - may impose the administrative punishment of
admonition or reprimand; restriction to specified limits; withholding of privileges;
87
forfeiture of salary or suspension; or any combination of the foregoing for a period
not exceeding Thirty (30) Days.
3) REGIONAL DIRECTORS - may impose the administrative punishment of
admonition or reprimand; restriction to specified limits; withholding of privileges;
forfeiture of salary or suspension; demotion; or any combination of the foregoing for
a period not exceeding Sixty (60) Days.
4) CHIEF OF THE PNP - shall have the power to impose the disciplinary punishment
of dismissal from the service; suspension or forfeiture of salary; demotion; or any
combination of the foregoing for a period not exceeding One Hundred Eighty (180)
Days.
MINOR OFFENSE - shall refer to an act or omission not involving moral turpitude but
affecting the internal discipline of the PNP, and shall include but not be limited to:
- Simple misconduct or negligence
- Insubordination
- Frequent absences or tardiness
- Habitual drunkenness
- Gambling prohibited by law
INTERNAL AFFAIRS SERVICE (IAS) - Created by RA 8551

POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE IAS:
- Pro-actively conduct inspections and audits on PNP personnel and units;
- Investigate complaints and gather evidence in support of an open investigation;
- Conduct summary hearings on PNP members facing administrative charges;
- Submit a periodic report on the assessment, analysis, and evaluation of the
character and behavior of PNP personnel and units to the Chief PNP and the
Commission;
-file appropriate criminal cases against PNP members before the court as evidence
warrants and assists in the prosecution of the case;
-provide assistance to the Office of the Ombudsman in cases involving the personnel
of the PNP;
The IAS shall also conduct, motu proprio (on its own initiative), and automatic
investigation of the following cases:
- Incidents where a police personnel discharges a firearm;
- Incidents where death, serious physical injury, or any violation of human rights
occurred in the conduct of a police operation;
- Incidents where evidence was compromised, tampered with, obliterated, or lost
88
while in the custody of police personnel;
- Incidents where a suspect in the custody of the police was seriously injured; and
- Incidents where the established rules of engagement have been violated.
ORGANIZATION OF IAS
- Headed by the INSPECTOR GENERAL who is a CIVILIAN and appointed by the
President upon the recommendation of the Director General (Chief, PNP)
- The Inspector General shall be assisted by a Deputy Inspector General
- There shall be national, regional and provincial offices
- The national office shall be headed by the Inspector General, the regional offices by
a Director, and the provincial offices by a Superintendent
ENTRY QUALIFICATIONS TO IAS

- Entry shall be voluntary
- PNP personnel with at least five (5) years’ experience in law enforcement
- With no derogatory service record
- Members of the bar may enter the service laterally
PEOPLE’S LAW ENFORCEMENT BOARD (PLEB)

- a body created pursuant to RA 6975.
- one of the disciplinary authorities of the PNP authorized to handle and investigate
citizen’s complaint.
-the central receiving entity for any citizen’s complaint against the PNP members
- shall be created by the sangguniang panlungssod/bayan in every city and
municipality as may be necessary.
-there shall be at least one (1) PLEB for every five hundred (500) city or municipal
police personnel.
- membership in the PLEB is a civic duty.
COMPOSITION OF PLEB
- composed of five (5) members who shall be as follows:
- Any member of the sangguniang panlungsod/bayan.
- Any barangay chairman of the locality concerned.
- Three other members to be chosen by the local peace and order council from
among the members of the community.
- For the three other members, the following conditions must be met:
-One must be a woman
89
-One must be a lawyer, or a college graduate, or the principal of an elementary
school in the qlocality
- The CHAIRMAN of the PLEB shall be elected from among its members
- The term of office of the members of the PLEB is THREE (3) YEARS
DISCIPLINARY APPELATE BOARDS

- Formal administrative disciplinary appellate machinery of the National Police
Commission.
- tasked to hear cases on appeal from the different disciplinary authorities in the
PNP
Composed of the following:

National Appellate Board
- shall decide cases on appeal from decisions rendered by the PNP Chief and the
National Internal Affairs Service
- shall be composed of the four (4) regular commissioners and shall be chaired by
the executive officer
REGIONAL APPELLATE BOARD

-shall decide cases on appeal from decisions rendered by the Regional Director,
Provincial Director, Chief of Police, the city or municipal mayor and the PLEB
-there shall be at least one (1) regional appellate board per administrative region
ADMINISTRATIVE PENALTIES
1. Withholding of privileges
2. Restriction to specified limits
3. Restrictive custody
4. Forfeiture of salary
5. Suspension
6. Any combination of the penalties above (1 to 5)
7. One (1) rank demotion
8. Dismissal from the service

RUBRIC
90
CRITERIA
4 3 2 1
Answer Answered the
Did not answer
Answer all all the
questions questions

developed
follow
Display five (5)
errors in
Display no
errors

sheet of paper.
1. Every PNP Member is expected to
walk with pride and dignity. Explain why?
2. Select at least 3 PNP uniforms and
give their function.
Part I
91
Direction: Read and understand the questions carefully. Select your answers from
the box below by arranging the jumbled word/s. write your answer on the space
provided. Write your answer in a separate sheet of paper. Strictly no erasure.
trmieeenrt onitmopro
ploymentem tprmearoy
uglarre arlegen icelop
ronmi eeffons eifch
tnenamrep recrotid
plomyendet tsopsuomuh
_____________1. Kind appointment where applicant is under the waiver program due to
educational and weight requirements
_____________2. The separation of the police personnel from the service by reason of
reaching the age of retirement provided by law, or upon completion of
certain number of years in active service.
_____________3. An award given in case an individual dies before the granting of the
award
_____________4. The corresponding rank of the highest position in the PNP
_____________5. Promotion granted to police officers meeting the mandatory
requirements for promotion.
_____________6. An appointment wherein an applicant possesses the upgraded
general qualifications for the appointment
_____________7. An upward movement from one classification or rank to another
carrying higher benefits and more responsibility
_____________8. The orderly and organized physical movement of elements or units of
the PNP within the province, city or municipality for the purposes of
employment
____________9. An act or omission not involving moral turpitude but affecting the
internal discipline of the PNP
92
____________10. The previous rank of the head of the NCR is ______?
Part II. ESSAY
1. Discuss the concept of constitutional provision which state “national scope of

civilian in character” (200 words).
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
__________.
REFERENCES:
Book:
Police Organization and Administration: Dr. Fernando B. Padduyao, 2016
Police Organization and Administration with Police Planning: Ricardo M. Guevara,
Williard Dela Cruz Viñaz 2010
Dynamics of Law Enforcement and Public Safety Administration-By: Dr. Rommel K.
93
Manwong, 2010
Internet Sources
https://pdancehits.blogSpot.com/2013/09/lea-1police-organization-and.html
https://www.scrib.com/doc/50561199/police-organization-and-administration-with-
police-planning
https://prezi.com/m/zkskfbwg5hz/basic-concept-and-principles-of-police/
https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1966/09/08/republic-act-no-4864/
https://lawphil.net/statutes/presdecs/pd1977/pd_1184_1977.html
https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1975/08/08/presidential-decree-no-765-s-1975/
https://www.lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra1998/ra_8551_1998.html
https://lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra2009/ra_9708_2009.htmlhttp://www.pnp.gov.
ph/images/manualsandguides/DHRDD/Ethical-Doctrine.pdf
COURSE GUIDE IN
LAW ENFORCEMENT ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION
Course: BS Criminology 1 Semester 1st Sem. SY.2021-2022

Class Schedule: Lecturer:
94
Course Description
Principles underlying the law enforcement organization and administration
and management of the police with particular focus on the Constitutional mandate,
Republic Act 6975 and Republic 8551 together the previous laws and issuances
relating thereto. It includes the organizational structure and administration of the
Philippine National Police, both national and local levels. Emphasis is given on the
direction, supervision, coordination and control of all local places as a homogenous
body under a single command. It includes the basic management functions insofar as
these are applied to the police organization.
Course Outline
SCHEDULE TOPIC
Week 1 Orientation
CHAPTER 1 Introduction to Policing
Lesson 1
 Historical Development of Policing
 Development during the Middle Ages
Lesson 2
Week 2 - 6  Evolution of the Philippine Policing System

 R.A. 4864
 P.D. 421
 P.D. 765
 P.D. 1184
 R.A. 6975
 R.A. 8551
 R.A. 9708
CHAPTER 2 Theory and Philosophy of Police Service

Lesson 1
 Theories of Police Service
Week 7 - 10
 Philosophy of the PNP Service
 Traditional Organizational Theories
 Concept of Police Service
 Organizational Principles
95
 Principles of Police Organization
CHAPTER 3 The Philippine Police System

Lesson 1
 The Constitutional Provision on the National Police
 Republic Act No. 6975, as amended
Week 11 - 15 o Department of the Interior and Local Government
o Philippine Public Safety College
o National Police Commission
o Philippine National Police
o Organizational Structure
o PNP Rank and Insignia/AFP equivalent rank
o Police Rank Structure and Key
Oct. 11-12 MIDTERM EXAMINATION
Lesson 2
Week 16 -18
 Positions, Appointment and Designation in the Philippine
National Police
 PNP “Tamang Bihis”
 Police Cadetship Program
 Police Welfare and Benefit System
Lesson 3
 Police Customs and Traditions
 Social Amenities
 Attrition System of Uniformed
 Personnel
 Promotion System
 Retirement System
 Police Administrative
 Disciplinary System
 Internal Affairs Service (IAS)
Dec. 14-15 FINAL EXAMINATION
Course Requirements Submission of the required outputs in every assessment in the
compendium.
96
Course Learning Outcomes Required Output
Upon completion of this learning guide, you
should be able to: Chapter Learning Assessment
Midterm & Final Examination
1. Analyze the theories and structure of police
organization and leadership styles;
2. Analyze police personnel management
3. Evaluate measurement of police productivity;
4. Differentiate between investigative functions

and methods utilized in the prevention of crime
5. Demonstrate a solid grasp of constitutional

law principles as they relate to law enforcement,
and in particular search and seizure law, the law
on confessions, and the law on confession, and
the law on assistance of counsel.
Course Policies Grading System

1. To ensure successful completion of this 1. There will be 2 rating period Mid-
course, students are expected submit all the term, Finals
required outputs within the deadline. Late 2.The grades for each rating period
assignment will be deducted accordingly. shall be computed as:
2. All students are required to join the google 40% - Class Standing
classroom & fb messenger created by the 60% - Major Examination
professor for the monitoring of assessments. Grade for the corresponding rating
3. All students are expected to take major period
exams (Midterm&finals) on the specified day.
No make-up test or retest will be given except Mid-term Grade = (preliminary +Mid-
when circumstances warrant but with valid term)/2
supporting documents presented. Final Grade = (Pre-finals + Finals)/2
4. Assessment must be submitted through
google classroom. Average Grade = (Mid-term Grade +
Final Grade)/2
Other course policies will be based on the
student handbook.
97
References:
1. PADDUYAO, F.B. 2016 Police organization and administration, wise man’s books
trading Inc. Quezon city Philippines
2. Copy of RA 6975, RA 8551 And RA 9708
Internet Sources
https://pdancehits.blogSpot.com/2013/09/lea-1police-organization-and.html
https://www.scrib.com/doc/50561199/police-organization-and-administration-with-
police-planning
https://prezi.com/m/zkskfbwg5hz/basic-concept-and-principles-of-police/
https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1966/09/08/republic-act-no-4864/
https://lawphil.net/statutes/presdecs/pd1977/pd_1184_1977.html
https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1975/08/08/presidential-decree-no-765-s-1975/
https://www.lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra1998/ra_8551_1998.html
https://lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra2009/ra_9708_2009.htmlhttp://www.pnp.gov.p
h/images/manualsandguides/DHRDD/Ethical-Doctrine.pdf
DEVELOPED BY:
JAYVEE SAM C. DEPOSITARIO, RCrim

Lecturer
ALMER E. BALISE, RCrim

Lecturer
REVIEWED BY:
ELEAZAR S. BALBADA, PhD, Crim

Dean,CCJE
98
QUALITY POLICY
We commit to provide quality instruction,
research, extension and production
grounded on excellent, accountability and
service as we move towards exceeding
stakeholders’ satisfaction in compliance
with relevant requirements and well-
defined continual improvement measures.
“De kalidad nga edukasyon kinabuhi naga

mainuswagon”
99

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UNIT I

This lesson discuss on how the development of policing system from

Politeia King Alfred the Great Reeve

Lesson Proper/ Outlines:

Policing is defined as the activities carried out by police officers in order

Origin of the Word “Police”

Politeia – Greek word which means government of the city

Politia – Roman word which means condition of the state or government

Police is a branch of the criminal justice system (1.law enforcements, 2.prosecution,

 Initiator of the criminal justice

 First line of defense against crime and criminality

 Agents authorized to use coercion(persuading by using force) and legal

 Empowered to exercise police power of the state(the right to protect the

 Enforce the laws and decrees

Organization - A group of persons working together for a common goal or objectives.

Police organization is a group of trained personnel in the field of public safety

Police organization and administration refers to the arrangement and utilization of

This is to provide a resource of information about the structure of the

HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF POLICING

Timeline of the Development of Policing in the International Setting

Ancient Law Enforcement

- The earliest record of ancient people’s need

- Code of King Hammurabi (2100 B.C),

- Lex Taliones (Eye for an eye, tooth

- The early Egyptians established

- Ephori is the Greeks impressive law

- The first written law of the

punishment for crimes.

The Early Policing Systems

A. Anglo Saxon (Ancient England) Period (600-1066 A.D)

1. Thanes Policing System

 It was introduced by King Alfred the Great

 A type of internal police force where landowners throughout the

 Landowners were empowered to arrest offenders and deliver them to

 The landowners were also empowered to settle civil litigations (2 or

2. Frankpledge Policing System (Alfred the great)

 Policing responsibility lies on the hands of the citizens.

3. Tun Policing System

 Tun was the forerunner of the word “town”

4. Hue and Cry Policing System

 Complainant or victim will go to the middle of the community and

 Once heard, male residents will automatically assemble to go after the

5. Royal Judge System

 The Royal Judge conducts criminal investigation and gives

 It started the identification of criminals.

 A system of determining guilt and innocence in the ancient times,

B. Normal Period (1066-1285)

1. Shire – Reeve System

 King Norman divided the kingdom into 55 military districts known as

 Shire – used to refer to a district

 It settles a range of cases, more often dealing with petty offenses

 From the Court, 12 tythingmen were selected to hear serious cases.

 To handle local legal matters in some, but all, communities, the

 The Comes Stable was also appointed by the King to be responsible

 Comes Stable became Constable which is used today to refer to

 Law violations were classified as offenses against the King.

 Policemen were considered as public officials

 Grand Jury was created to inquire on the facts of the law.

5. Keepers of the Peace

 It was issued by King Richard of England in 1195.

6. Magna Carta (Great Charter)

 It was sealed by King John of England on June 15, 1215 which

 It declared the following: