GINGOOG CITY COLLEGES

LAW ENFORCEMENT ORGANIZATION AND

ADMNISTRATION
(Inter-Agency Approach)
ORG1-LEA

ELYBERT VALLENTE
Registered Criminologist
MODULE INTRODUCTION
A. Module Description
The course deals with the history of Law
enforcement Organization in the Philippines, its structure
and principles in the application of law enforcement; the
different approach in police planning; the importance of
police records and to understand the provisions of
different laws attached to law enforcement organization.
B. Module Objectives:
Graduates of the BS Criminology program be equipped
with relevant knowledge, skills, attitude, values and
shall be to:
a. Internalize the concept of the different law
enforcement organizations and their structures.
b. Understand the correlation of the different law
enforcement agencies and their functions.
c. Appreciate BS Criminology program and its future job
opportunities.
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
The students shall be able to:
-Discuss the methodology of the Law
enforcement
-Understand and explain the organizational
structure and the basic principles of the Police
Organization.
-Understand and identify the important
provisions of the law relevant to Law
Enforcement Administration.
INTRODUCTION
• Whenever a community is organized, it is imperative for
the policing system to be established to deal with crimes
being committed by its members. This is because a crime is
already a part of our community which may happen anytime,
anywhere and unexpectedly like a calamity.
• Hence, it is right to consider crime as a social
phenomenon. In the history of Philippine policing systems,
several things may be learned from the problems and
mistakes that were encountered and committed in the past
that may serve as guiding stars in improving our present and
future policing systems.
 CHAPTER 1
(History of Policing System)
From the simplest social structure-the family to the most
complex-the community of nations, it is essential that certain
norms and conduct be to be established and observed in order to
ensure that the cordial and harmonious relationship among its
members are preserved and maintained.
It is in the field of law enforcement that the police are most
involved in the complicated inter-relationship within a social
structure. The effectiveness of a police organization is essentially
dependent on the manner the same is managed, administered
and controlled and most especially on the trust that the citizens-
clientele of policing business bestow upon it.
 THE MEANING OF THE TERM "POLICE“

 POLICE is the agency of a community or

government that is responsible for enforcing the
law, maintaining public order, preventing and
detecting crime.
 The term POLICE refers to the internal organization
or regulation of the state, the control and regulation
of the community or state through the exercise of
the constitutional power of the government.
 In a narrower sense, POLICE denotes the
constitutionally created agency that exercises the
power of the government concerning the maintenance
of tranquility, public order, peace, security of person
and property and the protection of public health and
morale.
 In a very restricted sense, POLICE refers to that
organization of armed men, which is actually an
institution that is capable of exercising legally
mandated duties to enforce the law, maintain public
order, and detect and prevent crimes.
 LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCY
The term Law Enforcement Agency is broader, that
includes other agencies under the executive branch of
the government in charge with the execution or
enforcement of laws.
pertains to an organization responsible for enforcing
the laws.
the collective term for professionals who are dedicated
to upholding and enforcing the laws and statutes that
are currently in force in a given jurisdiction.
 DIFFERENT POLICE ACTIVITIES
 Prevention of crime is intended to prevent root causes of
crime.
 Repression or suppression of crime is done to reduce the
opportunity of committing a crime like the act of conducting
patrol.
 Apprehending offenders is also known as arresting
offenders.
 Conduct search and seizure;
 Investigation of crime; and
 Protection of lives and property.
BASIC POLICE FUNCTIONS

1. Crime prevention – it is directed at the elimination or

reduction of desire to commit a crime. Crime prevention
must be coordinated very closely with other agencies such
as the criminal justice system or other sectors in the
society.
2. Crime control – refers to the control or neutralization of
criminal activity. The key to crime control is the proper
enforcement of the revised penal code and special laws
governing criminal acts.
3. Regulation or control of non – criminal conduct
– done by enforcing rules and regulation and
ordinance all aimed at achieving a desired uniform
standard of activity among members of society.
ORIGIN AND DEFINITION OF THE WORD POLICE

Came from the Greek word, “politeia”,

Government,
citizenship or the
entire activity of a
polis (city)
The Romans conquered the
Greeks and changed the
word “politeia” to politia.
Politia means “condition of
a state, government and
administration”.
The French changed the word to
POLICE and used it to those authorized
people who actually enforce the law. The
English and the Americans borrowed the
word from the French and used it to
describe a “law enforcement officer”.
• Greek

Politeia
• Romans • French
Politia
Police
Ancient History of Police:
 Medjay – a civil police headed by Egyptian military
officer and the 1st group to use police dogs on
patrol.
 Vigiles – a civilian in Rome armed with staves and
short sword to maintain peace and to fight fires.
 Anglo-Saxon – a member of the Germanic tribes
which settled in England in the 5th century A.D. and
the 1st to conquer England.
Evolution of
Law
Enforcement
Primitive Policing
Crimes committed by individuals were
handled by the victim or victim’s family.
The Philosophy of justice was retaliatory,
that is, the offender must be punished.
Punishments were harsh and barbaric.
For serious offenses, punishment includes
death penalty carried out by beheading,
hanging, drowning, crucifixion,
banishment, social degradation, slavery
and many others.

The words of the tribes’ chief were

considered the laws.
Beheading
Hanging
drowning
crucifixion
Social Degradation
Slavery
The creation of police force as a protective and law
enforcement organization developed from the use of military
bodies as guardians of the peace such as the
PRAETORIAN GUARD of ancient Rome.
The Romans achieved a high level of law enforcement,
which remained in effect until the decline of the empire and
the onset of the Middle Ages. Beginning in the 5th century,
policing became a function of the heads of fiefdoms and
principalities.
1. ANGLO-SAXON PERIOD OF POLICING SYSTEM(Ancient England)
During the Anglo-Saxon period in England, the practiced policing systems
compared with the present Philippine Policing system, are the following:
a. THANES POLICING SYSTEM
 King Alfred the great introduced a type of internal police force where
landowners (known Thanes) throughout his kingdom were responsible to
police their own territory. As such the landowners are empowered to arrest
offenders and deliver them to the king. They were also empowered to settle
civil litigations.

Note: The Thanes Policing System is not being followed at present in the
Philippines because landowners are not empowered to settle civil litigations.
They are however conduct arrest under any of the circumstances of warrantless
arrest.
b. FRANKPLEDGE System
 Policing was carried out under a system called frankpledge or mutual
pledge, whereby every male over 12 years old join nine (9) of his
neighbors to form a Tythingmen.
TYTHINGMEN-a group of men whose duty was to apprehend any person
who offends another and deliver that offender for trial.
 Anyone who failed to join and perform this obligatory duty was severely
fined. Thus, policing responsibility lies on the hands of the citizens.

Note: Frankpledge Policing System is not being followed at present in the

Philippines because a person may become a policeman only if he reaches the
age required and not all male residents are required to do police works.
c. TUN POLICING
 Tun was the forerunner of the word "town".
 Under this system, all male residents were required to
guard the town to preserve peace and order, protect
the life and properties of the people and other factors
that disturbs the peace and order.
Note: Tun Policing System is not being followed at
present because not all residents are required to do
police works.
d. HUE AND CRY
 In this system, the complainant or victim goes to the middle of the
community and shout to call all male residents to assemble.
 The victim reports his complaint to the assembly. Consequently, all the
male residents will go after the criminal and apprehend him.
 An Ancient saxon practice that invaders brought to England. When a
person commits a crime or a felon escaped and it was detected, an alarm
was sounded, through the use of the oldest known warning device, the
HORN

Note: The Hue and Cry Policing System is not being followed at present
because our sense of obligation to assemble and arrest the perpetrator, even
if we are capacitated to do so, already deteriorated.
e. ROYAL JUDGE System
 The royal judge conducted criminal investigation and gave
punishment fitted to the crime committed.
 This practice started the identification of criminals.

Note: At present in the Philippines, the Royal Judge is not being

followed because our judges do not conduct criminal
investigations, they only conduct trial to determine whether the
accused is guilty or not guilty and impose the proper penalty in
case of conviction.
f. TRIAL BY ORDEAL
 The process of actually inflicting pain to all suspects purposely to
determine who the real suspect is. It is a belief that if you are guilty God
will not save you and if you are not guilty God will save you miraculously
irregardless of what ordeal.
A suspect was required to place his hands over boiling water or oil.
If he would not get hurt, he will be acquitted but when hurt, he would be
considered guilty.
Double jeopardy was prevalent during this period.
DOUBLE JEOPARDY-the prosecution of a person twice for the same offense.

Note: At present, The Trial by Ordeal is not also being followed because we all
know that anyone who puts his hand in boiling water will get hurt, whether guilty
or not of the crime charged.
2. NORMAN PERIOD OF POLICING (1066-1285)
a. SHIRE-REEVE System

 When King William Norman became the ruler of England, he divided his
kingdom into 55 military districts known as the Shire-Reeves.
 SHIRE means a district while REEVE means the ruler who made laws,
pass judgment and impose punishment.
 He was assisted by a group of constables, the forerunner of the
constabulary.
 The term Shire-Reeve eventually became Sheriff, the title of the chief of
constables or police officers in a certain town.
 The TRAVELLING JUDGE was held responsible in deciding cases that
were taken from Shire-Reeves due to some abuses.
Note: In the Philippines at present, no single person is
authorized to make laws, render judgment and impose
penalties at the same time. The act of making laws is within the
exclusive power of the legislative branch of the government
and the act of rendering judgment and imposing penalties is
the power of the judiciary.
b. KEEPERS OF PEACE

 The keepers of peace was a proclamation issued by King

Richard of England in 1195 requiring the appointment
of knights to maintain peace and order at the place
where the king is residing. The knights were posted on
bridges and gates to check the people entering and
leaving the town or cities.
Note: At present in the Philippine setting, the President
is guarded by a special unit called the Presidential
Security Group.
C.LEGIS HENRIE

 This law was enacted during the time of King Henry I,

which imposed the following-features:
1. Law violations were classified as offenses against the
King.
2. Policemen became public officials.
3. The police and the citizens have the broad power to
arrest.
4. Grand Jury was created to inquire on the facts of the law.
d. 1195

 King Richard of England issued a proclamation entitled

KEEPERS OF THE PEACE.
 Requiring the appointment of Knights to keep the
King's peace by standing as guards on bridges and
gates while checking the people entering and leaving
the cities and towns.
f. June 15, 1215

 Magna Carta (Great Charter) was sealed by King John of

England.
 This became a law upon the demand of the Knights of the Round
Table. The knights forced King John to sign the document, which
declared the following:
1) No freemen shall be taken or imprisoned, disposed, outlawed, or
bowed except by legal judgment of his peers.
2) No person should be tried for murder unless there is proof of the
body of the victim.
3) There should be national and local government as well as the
national and local legislation.
3. DURING THE WESTMINSTER PERIOD
a. STATUTE OF WINCHESTER (1285)
 Was enacted for law and order.
 This law introduced the system of WATCH AND
WARD.
b. STATUTE OF 1295
 Began the closing of the gates of London during
sunset.
 This started the observation of curfew hours.
c. JUSTICE OF THE PEACE
 A position given to a respected citizen, who has the power to
arrest, pursue and imprison the offenders.
 They handles felonies, misdemeanors and infractions of city of
villages ordinance. This was later abolished about 75 years later.
 Note: In the Philippine setting, the persons given the right to
conduct arrest and imprison offenders are known as Police
Officers.
d. STAR CHAMBER COURT
 Established as special court that tried offenders against the
state.
4. MODERN PERIOD OF POLICING
Policing system during the Modern Period (17th-19th
century) in England.
1. KING CHARLES II of England - passed a law in 1663
that provided for the employment of NIGHT WATCHMEN
or BELLMEN to be on duty from sunset to sunrise.
2. HENRY FIELDING (1748)
 Became the Chief Magistrate at Bow Street in
London.
 He organized a group of men known as BOW
STREET RUNNERS (Thief Catchers).
 He later formed the BOW STREET HORSE
PATROL whose duty was to patrol the main roads
thus secure the travelers from highwaymen or
highway bandits.
3. SIR ROBERT PEEL (1829)
 Established the LONDON METROPOLITAN POLICE, which
became the world's first modern organized police force. It was
later called SCOTLAND YARD.
 The development of the British police system is especially
significant because the pattern that emerged not only became
a model for the American police system but also had great
influence on the style of policing in almost all industrial
societies.
 Peel earned the title -THE FATHER OF MODERN POLICING
SYSTEM.
4. 1811, FRANCE: EUGENE "FRANCOIS"VIDOCQ
 Established a squad of ex-convicts to aid the Paris
Police in investigating crimes.
 He worked under the theory of "Set a thief to
catch a thief."
August Vollmer – “The Father Of Police Professionalism” who
battled corruption through improved recruitment, selection, and
training standards.
OW Wilson – a protégé of Vollmer, he is the author of the books
on Police Management describe by many as “The Bible Of
Policing For Decades”.
Edgar Hoover – whose name is synonymous with FBI; he is a firm
believer in the need for professional law enforcement agencies.
Hoover is largely responsible for establishing FBI academy and FBI
Crime Laboratory. On 1924 he became the director of the Bureau
Of Investigation Of The Department Of Justice. On 1935 the
bureau was renamed and reorganized as FBI and became the
first director.
5. AMERICAN POLICE SYSTEM
1. Policing system in America followed the model developed in
England.
 New York, Boston and Philadelphia organized their night
watchmen, which was similar to the bellmen created in
London during the reign of King Charles II.
 These night watchmen were known as RATTLEWATCH
because they carried rattles while on duty to inform the
public of their watchful presence.
2. Development of American municipal (rural and city) police force
a. In 1638, night watch was initiated in Boston, Massachusetts.
b .In 1658, rattle-watch was organized in New York.
c. Nigh-watch started in Philadelphia in 1700.
d. In 1722, New Haven had a police regulation that "No watchman
will have the liberty to sleep".
e. In 1800, it became a government policy that able-bodied males
over 16 years old were required to serve without pay.
f. 1833 was the advent of daytime police with pay.
g. New York City police began to adopt a full police uniform in 1856.
3. Development of State Police Force in America
a. Texas Rangers were organized in 1835.
b. In 1865, Massachusetts organized a police force of
state constables.
c. The Pennsylvania State Police came into existence
in 1905.
4. Development of US Federal Police Force
a. In 1829, Post Office Inspection System began.
b. Investigation on crimes against the government started in 1861.
c. Detective forces were formed sometime in 1868 to investigate
problems on revenue services, immigration and smuggling.
d. In 1895, Federal government attention focused on lotteries, drug
regulations and transportation regulations.
e. Anti-White Slavery Act and Motor Vehicle Act were enacted in
1910.
f. In 1934, National Kidnapping Act, Banking Act, and Racketeering
Act were passed by the United States Congress.
6. EVOLUTION OF POLICE SERVICE IN THE PHILIPPINE SETTING
A. Policing System during the Spanish Regime.
 The police force during the Spanish Regime was considered as
part of the military system by the Spanish government.
 The locally organized police forces, although performing civil
duties and seemingly created for the sole purpose of
maintaining peace, were in fact directly commanded by the
colonial military government.
 Police forces organized during the Spanish regime were:
1. CARABINEROS DE SEGURIDAD PUBLICO
(Mounted Police)
 Organized in 1712 for the purpose of carrying out
the policies of the Spanish government.
 The members were armed and considered as the
mounted police. Later, they discharged the duties
of a port, harbor, and river police.
2. GUARDRILLEROS/CUADRILLEROS
 A body of rural police organized in each town that was created by the Royal decree of
January 8, 1836.
 This police force was composed of 5% of the able-bodied male inhabitants of each
town or province, and each member should serve for at least 3 years. At first, they were
armed with lance, spear and bolos but later on they were allowed to use firearms, most
of which were, however, muzzle loading rifles. They were compensated for at least
P3.00 a month for 3 years while other progressive provinces received P4.00 to P5.00 a
month.
 Basic Functions:
 They act as messenger.
 To guard dark and unsafe places.
 To make patrol.
 To guard the municipal buildings and halls.
 Prison Guard.
3. GUARDIA CIVIL
 The police organization created by the Royal Decree
issued by the Spanish Crown government on February
12, 1852.
 It relieved the Spanish Peninsular Troops of their
works in policing towns.
 It consisted of a body of Filipino policemen organized
originally in each of the provincial capitals of the central
provinces of Luzon under the command of Alcalde
Mayor (Governor).
B. During the Japanese Occupation
1. The Japanese Military Police, known as KEMPETAI were
held responsible in maintaining peace and order in Manila
and adjacent urban areas.
2. Kempetai ruled the urban areas until Gen. Douglas
McArthur returned on February 7, 1945.
3. The Manila Police Department, which was created
during the first American occupation, was renamed into
Metropolitan Constabulary under the Bureau of
Constabulary.
C. Police service during American Occupation until the
World War II broke out
The first American occupation in the Philippines that
came after the Filipino-American War (1898 to 1901)
was followed by a period of political turmoil and social
imbalance.
1. INSULAR POLICE FORCE
Established on November 30, 1890 during the Filipino-
American war (1898-1901)upon the recommendation of
the Philippine Commission to the Secretary of War.
2. INSULAR CONSTABULARY
Created on July 18, 1901 by virtue of Act No.175 titled as "An Act Providing for the
Organization and Government of an Insular Constabulary".

3. MANILA POLICE DEPARTMENT(MPD)

 Organized on July 31, 1901 by virtue of Act No.183 of the Philippine Commission.
 The 1t Chief of Police was Capt. George Curry, a US Army officer appointed by the

TAFT COMMISSION on August 7, 1901.

 COL ANTONIO TORRES - the first Filipino chief of police of the Manila Police
Department in 1935
 Capt. Columbus Piatt was the last American COP of MPD before WW II broke
out.
4. October 3,1901
 The Insular Constabulary was changed to PHILIPPINE
CONSTABULARY (PC) by virtue of Act No.255.
 Captain. Henry T. Allen was the 1" Chief of the
Philippine Constabulary. He was the PC Chief from
1901 to 1907 such that he was called as the Father of
Constabulary in the Philippines.
5. REVISED ADMINISTRATIVE CODE OF 1917
 Was approved a year before World War I (August 1914
to November 1918) ended.
 In Section 825 of this law, it stated that the Philippine
Constabulary is a national police institution for
preserving the peacekeeping order and enforcing the
law.
 Brig/Gen. Rafael Crame became the first Filipino Chief
of Police.
 He served as the PC Chief from 1917-1927.
6. The Revised Penal Code of the Philippines (Act
No.3815) took effect on January 1, 1932.
7. November 1938
 Act No.181 required the creation of a Bureau of
Investigation.
 This agency should be the modification of the Division
of Investigation from the Department of Justice.
 Finally, on June 19, 1947, Republic Act No.157 was
enacted which created the National Bureau of
Investigation.
Col. Antonio C. Torres - The 1st Filipino COP when
Manila Police Department became an all Filipino police
organization; declared Manila as an open city when World
War II broke-out in 1941; during the World War II, Manila
police was placed again under the American control.
Col. Marcus Ellis Jones - A U.S. Provost Marshall who was
named as MPD COP just after the Manila Liberation.
Col. Lamberto T. Javalera –the 1" Filipino COP of MPD
appointed by Pres. Roxas under the Republic Government.
D. After the World War II, what laws were enacted
relevant to the development of police service in
the Philippines?
1. In 1960, Republic Act No.2678 was enacted and
this law provided the expansion and
reorganization of the NBI. This law established that
the NBI is both an investigative and research
service agency.
2. On January 1, 1964, the RULES OF COURT took
effect. This procedural law was construed in order to
promote the broad objective of the criminal justice
system and to assist the parties in obtaining just,
speedy and inexpensive determination of every
legal action and proceeding.
3. On September 18, 1966, Republic Act No.4864
otherwise known as POLICE ACT OF 1966 was enacted.
The law created the office of the POLICE COMMISSION
(which was later called (National Police Commission)
under the Office of the President. Originally, the
POLCOM was created as a supervisory agency to the PC.
Its function was to oversee the training and
professionalization of the local police forces. Through
this law, reformation and professionalization of the
police service gained official recognition.
4. On August 8, 1975, Presidential Decree No.765
was enacted and stipulated that the Office of the
NAPOLCOM should be under the office of the
Ministry of National Defense. It defined also the
relationship between the Integrated National
Police and the Philippine Constabulary. This was in
compliance with the provision of Section 12,
Article 15 of the 1973 Philippine Constitution.
5. On December 13, 1990, Republic Act No.6975
was approved by then President Corazon Aquino.
This law was known as the DILG Act of 1990 but it
was also recognized later as the PNP Law of
1991.This law created the Philippine National
Police and declared it to be the only police force
of the country with national in scope and civilian
in character.
NATIONAL IN SCOPE

- means that the PNP is a nationwide government organization

whose jurisdiction covers the entire breadth of the Philippine
archipelago.
- all uniformed and non-uniformed personnel of the PNP are
national government employees.

CIVILIAN IN CHARACTER

- means that that the PNP is not a part of the military, although
it retains some military attributes such as discipline.
6. On February 25, 1998, Republic Act No. 6975
provisions concerning the PNP were amended
when President Fidel Ramos approved Republic
Act No. 8551.
Republic Act No. 8551, known as the PNP Reform
and Reorganization Act of 1998, reorganized the
PNP for the purpose of reforming and
professionalizing it.
7. RA 8551 - otherwise known as the
Philippine National Police Reform and
Reorganization Act of 1998, enacted on
February 25, 1998; this law amended certain
provisions of RA 6975
8. RA 9708 - law amending the provisions of RA 6975 and RA
8551 on the minimum educational qualification for
appointment to the PNP and adjusting the promotion system;
approved on 12 August 2009
"AN ACT EXTENDING FOR FIVE(5) YEARS THE
REGLEMENTARY PERIOD FOR COMPLYING WITH THE
MINIMUM EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION FOR APPOINTMENT
TO THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE(PNP)AND ADJUSTING
THE PROMOTION SYSTEM THEREOF,AMENDING FOR THE
PURPOSE PERTINENT PROVISIONS OF REPUBLIC ACT NO.6975
AND REPUBLIC ACT NO.8551 AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES"
9. REPUBLIC ACT 9263 (2004) - It is known as
Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP)and Bureau of Jail
management and Penology(BJMP)
Professionalization Act of 2004.It revised some
provisions of Republic Act 6975 especially those
pertaining to BFP and BJMP
IMPORTANT FILIPINO PERSONALITIES IN THE EVOLUTION OF
PHILIPPINE POLICING
 BRIG GEN RAFAEL CRAME
- the first Filipino chief of the Philippine Constabulary in 1917
 COL ANTONIO TORRES
- the first Filipino chief of police of the Manila Police Department in
1935
 COL LAMBERTO JAVALERA
- the first chief of police of the Manila Police Department after the
Philippine Independence from the United States of America in 1946
 P/DIR GEN CESAR NAZARENO
- the first chief of the Philippine National Police
 CHAPTER 2
(CONCEPTS, THEORIES &PRINCIPLES OF MODERN POLICING)
Concepts of Modern Policing (Sir Robert Peel)
The police should be organized along military lines.
a) The police should be place under screening and training.
b) The police should be hired on a probationary basis.
c) The police should be deployed by time and by area.
d) Police headquarters should be accessible to the people.
e) Police- Record keeping is essential.
f) General Concept of Police Service
1. Old Concept
Police service gives the impression of being merely a
suppressive machinery. This philosophy advocates that
the measurement of police competence is the increasing
number of arrests, throwing offenders in detention
facilities rather than trying to prevent them from
committing crimes. Punishment is the role instrument of
crime control-throwing more people to jail rather than
keeping them out of jail.
2. New or Modern Concept
Regards police as the first line of defense of the
criminal justice system, an organ of crime
prevention. The yardstick of efficiency of the
police is the absence of crime or decreasing
number of crimes. The yardstick of Police
efficiency is the absence of crime.
The Principles of Law Enforcement enunciated by Sir
Robert Peel
a. Prevention of Crime is the basic mission of the
police.
b. Police must have the full respect of the citizenry.
c. A citizen's respect for law develops his respect for
the police.
d. Cooperation of the public decreases as the use of
force increases.
f. Physical force is used only as a last resort.
g. The police are the public and the public are
the police.
h. The police represent the law.
i. The absence of crime and disorder is the
test of police efficiency.
PRINCIPLES OF ORGANIZATION APPLICABLE TO LAW
ENFORCEMENT ORGANIZATION

1. Division of work – according to some logical plan, it is an

apportioning of works or task among the various units into
groups.

2. Delineation of Responsibility – it refers to the lines of

authority and responsibility should be made as definite and
direct as possible so that responsibility may properly fixed and
duplication avoided.
3. Span of Control – It is the extent of direction,
coordination, and control over immediate
subordinates. The span of control over personnel
or units shall not be more than what he can
effectively direct and coordinate.
4. Unity of Command - Each individual unit, or
situation shall be under the immediate control of
one and only one person.
5. Chain of Command - It refers to a line or chain of
superiors from top to bottom.

6. Delegation of Authority - It is the division of tasks of

command among the officers of the various units.

7.Integration and Coordination - It is the efforts of the

different units that must be coordinated and integrated
to accomplish harmonious progress towards the primary
objectives
8. Command responsibility – it means the
commander is directly responsible for any act or
omission oh his subordinates concerning the
performance of their official duties.

9. Principle of hierarchy – it requires that higher

level supervises each lower level in the
organization.
THEORIES OF POLICE SERVICE
1.Continental Theory
Policemen are considered as state or
servants of the higher authority. The people
have little or no share of all their duties, nor
any direct connection with the police
organization.
2. Home Rule Theory
Policemen are considered servants of the
community who depend for the effectiveness of
their functions upon the express wishes of the
people. Policemen are civil servants whose key
duty is the preservation of public peace and
security.
POLICE ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION
ORGANIZATION
A group of persons working together for a common
goal or objective. It is an association or group of
individuals with a common goal. It is the structuring of
individuals and functions into productive relationships. It
is either formal or informal organizations. It is also a
form of human association for the attainment of a goal
or objective.
FORMAL ORGANIZATIONS

 Are those with a system of coordinated activities, a

group of people, authority and leadership and
cooperation towards a goal.
INFORMAL ORGANIZATION

 An indefinite and structure less organization that has

no definite subdivisions comprises by unconscious
groups of feelings, passion and activities of
individuals. Unplanned system of the activities and
interactions of participants.
 TITLES OF ORGANIZATIONAL UNITS
A.FUNCTIONAL UNIT
1. Bureau - largest organic unit within a large
department
2. Division - a primary sub-division of a bureau
3. Section - functional unit within a division-this is
necessary for specialization
4. Units - functional groups within a section it is
otherwise known as “Organizational Subdivision”.
B.TERRITORIAL UNITS
1. Posts
 A fixed point or location to which an officer is
assigned for duty such as designated desk or
office.
 An intersection or cross work form of traffic duty
 A spot or location for general guard duty
2. Route
 A length of street/s designated for patrol purposes
 It is called Line Beat
3. Beat
 An area assigned for patrol purposes either on foot or motorize
4. Sector
 an area containing two or more beats, routes, or post.
5. District
 a geographical subdivision of the city for patrol purposes.
6. Area
 a section or territorial division of a large city.
C.TIME UNITS
1. Watch or Shift
 Time division of shift of the duty officer of the day for
purposes of assignment.
2. Platoon
 Composed of several squads usually commanded by a
Lieutenant may serve the entire city or district.
 Divisions that have personnel on duty for more than shift
divide them into platoons on the basis of hours of the day
they are on.
Sworn Officers- all personnel of the police department who
have oath and who possess the power to arrest.

Superior Officer- one having supervisory responsibilities,

either temporarily or permanently, over officers of lower
rank.

Commanding Officer- is an officer who is in command of

the department, a bureau, a division, an area, or a district.
Ranking Officer
 is the officer who has the more senior rank/ higher rank in
team or group.
Length of Service
 the period of time that has elapsed since the oath of office
was administered.
On Duty
 is the period when an officer is actively engaged in the
performance of his duty.
Off Duty
 the nature of which the police officer is free from specific
routine duty.
Special Duty
 in the police service, is nature, which require that the officer be excused
from the performance of his active regular duty and assigned into another
duty.
Leave of Absence
 is a period, which an officer is excused from active duty by any valid/
acceptable reason, approved by higher authority.
Sick Leave
 is a period wherein an officer is excused from active duty by reason of
illness or injury.
Suspension
 a consequence of an act which temporarily deprives an officer from the
privilege of performing his duties as result of violating directives or other
department regulations.
Department Rules
 rules established by department directors/ supervisors to control the
conduct of the members of the police force.
Duty Manual
 describes the procedures and defines the duties of officers assigned
to specified post or position.
Order
 refers to instruction(s) given by a ranking officer to a subordinate,
General Order, Special, or Personal.
Report
 usually a written communication unless otherwise specifies to be
verbal reports; verbal reports should be confirmed by written
communication.
POLICE ORGANIZATION
A structured group of trained personnel in the field of
public safety administration engaged in achieving the
following goals and objectives.
GOALS:
1. To ensure public safety
2. To protect live and property
3. To maintain peace and order
OBJECTIVES:
1. To attain an acceptable degree of peace and order
2. To attain effectiveness in the enforcement of laws and
efficiency of law enforcers
3. To attain a low crime volume or crime rate
4. To attain a maximum degree of solution and criminal
conviction of law violators
5. To attain a maximum degree in the protection of lives
and property
LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCY
- The collective term for professionals who are dedicated to
upholding and enforcing the laws and statutes that are
currently in force in a given jurisdiction.
- pertains to an organization responsible for enforcing the laws
ENFORCEMENT
- means to compel obedience to a law, regulation or command
OBJECTIVES
- refer to the purpose by which the organization was created
- refer to the goals of the organizations
PNP MISSION
"To enforce the law, to prevent and control crimes, to maintain
peace and order, and to ensure public safety and internal
security with the active support of the community"
ADMINISTRATION
- an organizational process concerned with the implementation
of objectives and plans and internal operating efficiency
- connotes bureaucratic structure and behavior, relatively
routine decision-making and maintenance of the internal
order
POLICE
 a branch of the criminal justice system that has
the specific responsibility of maintaining law and
order and combating crime within the society
 is the agency of a community or government that
is responsible for enforcing the law, maintaining
public order and preventing and detecting
crimes.
POLICE/LAW ENFORCEMENT ADMINISTRATION
- the process involved in ensuring strict compliance,
proper obedience of laws and related statutes
- focuses on the policing process or how law
enforcement agencies are organized and managed in
order to achieve the goals of law enforcement most
effectively, efficiently and productively
- Is an organizational process concerned with the
implementation of the objectives and plans, and
internal operating efficiency of the police organization.
SUPERVISION
- Means the act of watching over the work or tasks of
the members of the organization to ensure that
desired results are achieved.
MANAGEMENT
- the process of directing and facilitating the work of
people organized in formal groups in order to achieve
objectives
- judicious or wise use of resources (manpower,
maternal, money, equipment, supplies, time etc.)
POLICE MANAGEMENT
- Is the act of administering, controlling, or handling various
aspects of police organization.
POLICE ACCOUNTABILITY
- is the inherent responsibility of a police organization to be
answerable for the misconducts committed by its members.
POLICE FUNCTIONS
- Refers to the duties and responsibilities carried out by
police agencies concerning public order and public safety.
POLICE POWER
is the inherent power of the government to
impose reasonable restrictions on the liberties
of its citizens for the maintenance of public
order and safety.
WHAT IS THEDIFFERENCE BETWEEN
ADMINISTRATION AND MANAGEMENT?
 Administration is the determination of objectives
and major policies of an organization, while
management is the act of placing into action the
policies and plans laid down by the
administration. Hence, administration is a
determinative function, while management is an
executive function.
WHAT ARE THE DISTINCTIONS BETWEEN GOALS
AND OBJECTIVES?
1. Goals are broad, while objectives are narrow
2. Goals are general intentions, while objectives are
precise.
3. Goals are intangible, while objectives are tangible
4. Goals are abstract, while objectives are concrete.
AUTHORITY
 the right to command and control the behavior of employees in lower
positions within an organizational hierarchy
 must be viewed in terms of prescribed roles rather than of individuals
 a particular position within an organization carries the same
regardless of who occupies that position
HIERARCHY
- represents the formal relationship among superiors and subordinates
in any given organization
- serves as the framework for the flow of authority downward, and
obedience upward, through the department
TRADITIONAL ORGANIZATION THEORY
1. SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT IN ORGANIZATION-by
Frederick Taylor
 Emphasis on planning, standardizing, and improving human
effort in the operational level of the organization
2. GENERAL MANAGEMENT THEORY-by Henri Fayol
 Emphasis on the elements of planning, organizing,
command, coordination and control.
3. BUREAUCRATIC MODEL OF ORGANIZATION-by Max
Weber
Bureaucracy - refers to any organization that is structured into a
hierarchy consisting of specialized element, each of which is
responsible for a particular part of the organizations overall tasks;
a theory developed by Max Weber, a German Sociologist.

 Emphasis on the characteristics of bureaucracy

a. Division of labor
b. Centralization of authority
c. Rational program of personnel administration
d. Rules and regulation
e. Written records
4. THE SCIENCE OF ADMINISTRATION-by Luther Gulick and Lyndal
Urwick Emphasis on the principles of:
1) PLANNING
 the determination in advance of how the objectives of the
organization will be attained
 is the process of selecting goals and determining how to achieve
them.
 the process of setting performance objectives and identifying the
actions needed to accomplish them
 working out in broad outline the things that need to be done and
the methods for doing them to accomplish the purpose set for the
enterprise
2) ORGANIZING
 involves the determination and allocation of the men and
women as well as the resource of an organization to achieve pre-
determined goals or objectives of the organization
 the process of dividing the work to be done and coordinating
results to achieve a desired purpose
 establishment of the formal structure of authority through
which work subdivisions are arranged, defined and coordinated
for the desired objectives
 is the process of making an organization fit with its objectives,
resources and environment.
3) DIRECTING
 involves the overseeing and supervising of the human resources and
the various activities in an organization to achieve through cooperative
efforts the pre-determined goals or objectives of the organization
 also called leading, the process of directing and coordinating the work
efforts of other people to help them accomplish important task
 task of making decisions and embodying them in specific and general
orders and instructions
 is the process of giving orders, commands, directives, or instructions
to personnel in order to rule them in accomplishing the goals or
objectives of an organization.
4) CONTROLLING
 involves the checking or evaluation and measurement
of work performance and comparing it with planned
goals or objectives of the organization, and making the
necessary corrective actions so that work is
accomplished as planned
 the process of monitoring performance, comparing
results to objectives and taking corrective action as
necessary
 also called supervising
5) STAFFING
 the task of providing competent men to do
the job and choosing the right men for the
right job
 involves good selection and processing of
reliable and well-trained personnel
 filling the organization with the right people
in the right position
THE FOLLOWING ARE DIFFERENT STAFFING ACTIVITIES:
 RECRUITMENT - refers to the set of activities and processes
used to legally obtain a sufficient number of right people for
specific positions.
 SELECTION - is the process of choosing from among the
candidates the most suitable person for the current position or
for future position.
 APPRAISAL-is the process of measuring performance
 TRAINING-is the act of improving the ability required in the
current job
 DEVELOPMENT-is the act of improving the ability required in
the future job.
6) COORDINATING
 is the manner of integrating the different element
within and outside of an organization into a
harmonious relationship.
7) REPORTING
 the making of detailed account of activities, work
progress, investigations and unusual in order to keep
every one informed or what is going on
8) RECORDING
 is the system of classifying and compiling written
communications going inside and going outside of an
organization
9) BUDGETING
 the forecasting in detail of the results of an officially
recognized program of operations based on the
highest reasonable expectations of operating
efficiency
POLICE ADMINISTRATION
Police in action. It is the cooperative human
effort to achieve the purposes of the criminal
justice system. It refers also to the study of the
processes and condition of Law Enforcement as a
pillar of justice.
FUNCTIONS IN A POLICE ORGANIZATION
1) PRIMARY OR LINE FUNCTIONS
 functions that carry out the major purposes of the
organization, delivering the services and dealing
directly with the public
 the backbone of the police department
 examples of the line functions of the police are
patrol, traffic duties, crime investigation
2) STAFF/ADMINISTRATIVE FUNCTIONS
 functions that are designed to support the line functions
and assist in the performance of the line functions
 examples of the staff functions of the police are planning,
research, budgeting and legal advice
3) AUXILIARY FUNCTIONS
 functions involving the logistical operations of the
organization
examples are training, communication, maintenance, records
management, supplies and equipment management
ORGANIC UNITS IN A POLICE ORGANIZATION
1) OPERATIONAL UNITS
 those that perform primary or line functions
 examples are patrol, traffic, investigation and vice
control,
2) ADMINISTRATIVE UNITS
 those that perform the administrative functions
 examples are personnel, finance, planning and
training
3) SERVICE UNITS
 those that perform auxiliary functions
 examples are communication, records
management, supplies
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
 It is a mechanical means of depicting by an
arrangement of symbols, the relationship that exist
between individuals, groups, and functional
relationships between groups and individuals are
clearly defined to ensure accountability and
compliance.
THE ORGANIZATION CHART – a graphic view of the
organization’s general structure of work and work relationships.
Uses of Organizational chart;
1. To understand the command relationship;

2. To better understand roles and position in the organization;

and

3. As training aid of the personnel

Types of Organization Structures
A. LINE ORGANIZATION
 often called the individual, military, or departmental type of
organization
 it is the simplest and oldest type of organizational structure
 channels of authority and responsibility extend in a direct line
from top to bottom within the structure.
 depicts the line functions of the organization
 orders or commands must come from the higher level of authority
before it can be carried out
 involves few departments
B.FUNCTIONAL ORGANIZATION
 Functional organization divides responsibility and authority
between several specialists, such as a person responsible for
all training, an employee directing the community relations
activities of all units, or a person handling cases involving all
juvenile activities.
 The functional responsibility of a commander is limited to the
particular activity over which he has control.
 depicts staff functions of the organization
 responsibilities are divided among authorities who are all
accountable to the authority above
C. LINE AND STAFF ORGANIZATION
 The line and staff organization is the combination of line and
functional types and is found in almost all police agencies
today.
 It combines staff specialist with line organization so that service
of knowledge can be provided line personnel by specialists such
as criminalist training officers and intelligence specialist.
 Channels or responsibility and authority are left intact since the
specialist provides expertise while the line does the task.
Specialist only give advises not commands.
 Generally more formal in nature and has many departments
D. Matrix
It is the process of assigning personnel
from functional areas such as patrol,
detectives support services, etc., to specific
projects (task forces), crime-specific
problems, and/or internal security.
The Philippine National Police follow the line and staff
kind of organizational structure.
ORGANIZATIONAL CHART
 an illustration in the form of a chart which represents
the organizational structure
 the mechanical means of depicting, by an arrangement
of symbols, the relationships that exist between
individuals, groups and functional relationships
between groups and individuals clearly defined to
ensure accountability and compliance
ORGANIZATIONAL PRINCIPLES
FOUR PRIMAL CONDITIONS OF AN ORGANIZATION
1) AUTHORITY
 the supreme source of government for any particular
organization
 the right to exercise, to decide and to command by
virtue of rank and position
2) MUTUAL COOPERATION
 an organization exists because it serves a purpose
3) DOCTRINE
- provides for the organization's objectives
- provides the various actions, hence, policies,
procedures, rules and regulations of the organization are
based on the statement of doctrines
4) DISCIPLINE
- comprising behavioral regulations
Discipline – is derived from the root word “
Disciple” meaning “followers or student” Thus,
discipline is two – sided coin – positive and
negative discipline.
• A means that management uses to bring
employees behavior under control. Its purpose is
not retribution or vengeance but to impress upon
the employee the need to do things in a
prescribed manner.
Forms of positive discipline

1. Formal training

2. On – the - job training

3. Corrective interviews

4. Counseling
Forms of negative discipline
1. Oral reprimand or warning
2. Written reprimand
3. Loss of assignment
4. Loss of accrued time
5. Suspension without pay
6. Suspension without pay followed by a probationary period
7. Fines
8. Demotion
9. Termination
10.Judicial action
The “Hot – Stove Rule” in discipline - Propounded by
Douglas McGregor, it suggest that in disciplining erring
subordinates the disciplinary action should be
immediate, with warning, consistent and impersonal.
Steps In The Application Of Hot – Stove Rule
1. Immediate investigation of the offense must be done
to determine the facts
2. Previous warning
3. Consistency
4. Disciplinary action must be impersonal
Police leadership – an activity of influencing
people to work harmoniously toward some goal
which they come to find desirable. Also, the ability
to obtain from each member of the force the
highest quality of service he can render.
The process by which an individual can
influence others to willingly make their best effort
to achieve the organization’s goals.
Leadership styles
1. Autocratic - The superior assumes full
responsibility for all action and seeks obedience
from the group in the following out of orders.
 He determines all policy, and considers decision
making to be one- man operation he being the
man.
2. Democratic - The supervisor draws ideas and
suggestions from his group employing discussion
and consultation; the staff is encouraged to decide
policy, methods, and goals, etc.

3. Free – rein - The supervisor is more or less an

information booth. He plays down his role in the
group activities; he mainly provide materials and
information, together with a minimum control.
4. Laissez – faire – the leader interferes very little
with workers. Productivity and morale suffer, and
unofficial leaders emerge to fill the void. Leaders of
this type have an attitude of trust on their
employees, they don’t give too much instruction or
guidance, they let there employees use their
creativity, resources, and experience to help them
meet their goals.
Administrative offenses covered by the
disciplinary system
1. Neglect of Duty or Nonfeasance

 The omission or refusal, without sufficient

excuse, to perform an act or duty which it was
the officer’s legal obligation to perform, it
implies a duty as well as it’s breach and the fact
can never be found in the absence of a duty.
2. Irregularities in the Performance of
duty or Misfeasance

 It is the improper performance of

some act which might be lawfully be
done.
3. Misconduct or Malfeasance - It is the performance of
some act which ought not to be performed.

4. Incompetence – it manifests lack of adequate ability

and fitness for the satisfactory performance of police
duties.

5. Oppression – imports an act of cruelty, severity,

unlawful exaction, domination, or excessive use of
authority.
6.Dishonesty

 The concealment or distortion of

truth in a matter of fact relevant to
one’s office, or connected with the
performance of his duties.
7. Disloyalty to the Government

 Consists of abandonment or renunciation of one’s

loyalty to the government of the Philippines, or
advocating the overthrow of the government.

8. Violation of Law

 Presupposes conviction in court of any crime or

offenses penalized under the Revised Penal Code or any
special law or ordinance.
COMMAND AND STAFF PRINCIPLES
COMMANDER - he exercise command authority and
responsibility over subordinates by virtue of his rank and
assignment, he discharge his responsibilities through a
chain of command
COMMANDER AUTHORITY - this provides the
commander with right to plan, organize, direct,
coordinate, and control PNP forces or units in order to
accomplish an assigned mission or task
COMMAND RESPONSIBILITY - commander is
responsible for all that his unit does or fails to do. He
alone answers for the success or failure of his
command
STAFF - issue orders in the name of commander,
provides information to commander, offices, other
agencies and units. Make estimates of the situation,
recommendation, preparing plans and orders as well
as supervision.
PRINCIPLES OF ORGANIZATION
1. GROUPING OF SIMILAR TASK
- task, similar or related in purpose, process, method, or clientele should be
grouped together in one or more units under the control of one person.
Grouping can be done in the following:
a. ACCORDING TO FUNCTION-grouping according to the nature of the task to be
performed. It should be divided into groups so that similar and related duties may
be assigned to each.
b. ACCORDING TO TIME FRAME -the units are divided into shifts according to time
of the day.
C. ACCORDING TO PLACE OF WORK-a territorial distribution of a platoon
accomplished assigning patrolman on beats is necessary to facilitate the direction
and control of officers and to ensure suitable patrol service at every point within
the jurisdiction.
d. ACCORDING TO LEVEL OF AUTHORITY-A police department is
always divided according to level of authority; that is, there will
be some patrolmen, some sergeants, some lieutenants, and so
on.
 Vertical combinations of superior officers with each rank at
a different level of authority from any other form channels
through which operations may be directed and controlled.
 Those chains of command, or lines of direct control,
facilitate the delegation of authority and the placing of authority
and responsibility, supervision is thus ensured.
2. SPECIALIZATION BASED ON NEEDS
 Specialization is a principle of organization that
results from the division of the force into separate
units to perform police tasks.
 The degree of specialization is determined by
the size of the department, by the number of units
created and extent of responsibility for the
performance of task within the special field.
3. LINES OF AUTHORITY AND CHAIN OF COMMAND
Communications should be ordinarily goes upward and downward through
established channels in the hierarchy.
Diverting orders, directive, or reports around a level of command usually has
disastrous effects on efficiency of the organization, if the level, which is by
passed, is ordinarily capable and responsible. The by passed superior has no
official knowledge of the nature of a directive going downward. Since he is
unaware of the directive, he can be hardly being held responsible for enforcing
it.
In emergency situations, those that requires an immediate action, giving of
orders by an officer in a staff capacity in the name of someone high in the
hierarchy is acceptable, thus the duty of a subordinate to obey. He has no
alternative under those special situations. This is also known as SCALAR OF
COMMAND.
4. UNITY OF COMMAND
Only one man be in complete command of each
situation, only one man be in direct command or
supervision of each officer.
Confusion is created when more than one superior
undertakes independent command of an operation
performed by several subordinates or when a
subordinate receives orders from more than one
superior.
5. SPAN OF CONTROL
The ability of one man to direct, coordinate
and control immediate subordinates.
The broad span of control may be reduced
by the use of additional supervisory level of
officials, thus lengthening the chain of
command.
6. DELEGATION OF AUTHORITY
The principle of delegation of work is related to the process of
committing an activity to another's care. It is closely related to the
principle of span of control in that even though the span of attention is
excessive, the harm from it can be reduced by the delegation of much
detail to subordination.
Conferring of an amount of authority by a superior position to a lower-
level position. A superior may delegate some of his duties to his
subordinates. Said superior is however, responsible for the neglect of his
subordinates.
It is the transfer of authority of a higher officer to another subordinate
such as a unit head or who is a superior of another unit or division. This
process is continued to the lowest level of execution.
The delegations of authority are divided into:
a. POLICY FORMULATION-involves what are to be done in
the form of orders or broad statement of action.
b. DIRECTION-deals with procedures, what is to be done,
who will do it, when, where and how it is to be done.
C.SUPERVISION-deals with the assistance and guidance
given to subordinates to ensure successful performance.
d. EXECUTION-deals with the performance of tasks in
consonance with authority to fulfill responsibility.
 CHAPTER 3
(CONCEPTS, THEORIES &PRINCIPLES OF MODERN
POLICING)
PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE (PNP) ORGANIZATION
PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO.765
An act creating the Police Constabulary/Integrated
National Police(PC/INP)in August 8, 1975.This law put the
NAPOLCOM under the Ministry of National Defense.
During this time pursuant to E.O.389,PC became one of
the four major services of the AFP.
Salient Features of PD 765
1. The INP was established and constituted, composed of the PC as
the nucleus and the INP as component under the DND.
2. The head of the INP was Chief of the PC.
3. The PC remained as the major service of the AFP.
4.The powers and functions of the NAPOLCOM as previously stated
were remained
5.The NAPOLCOM was transferred to DND from the office of the
President
6.The remaining power of the NAPOLCOM was extended to the
police, fire and jail components of the INP.
The Birth of the Integrated National
Police
• Integration was the great idea and proposal of
then Manila Mayor Arsenio Lacson.
• In compliance with said mandate, on August 8,
1975, PD No. 765 was enacted establishing and
consulting the INTEGRATED NATIONAL
POLICE composed of the Philippine
Constabulary as the nucleus and the Integrated
Police, Fire and Jail Services of the cities and
municipalities
THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL
POLICE
The Birth of Philippine National Police
• In 1991, the Philippine National Police was created
with the passage of RA. 6975, otherwise known as the
“Department of the Interior and Local Government
Act of 1990.”
• The principal authors of the Republic Act 6975
were Senators Ernesto N. Maceda and Aquilino
Pimentel, Congressmen Jose S. Cojuangco Jr. and
Rodrigo Gutang.
• Upon its signing into law on December 13, 1990,
the PNP underwent a transitory period; and on
March 31, 1991, President Corazon
Aquino named General Cesar Nazareno as
the First Director General of the Philippine
National Police.
• On January 29, 1991,at Camp Crame, Quezon
City, the Philippine Constabulary and the
Integrated National Police were retired officially
and the Philippine National Police was born.
HIGHLIGHTS OF RA 6975 – THE DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR AND
LOCAL GOVERNMENT ACT OF 1990, RA 8551 – THE PHILIPPINE
NATIONAL POLICE REFORM AND REORGANIZATION ACT OF 1998
and RA 9708

THE DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT (DILG)

- formerly Department of Local Government (DLG)

-reorganized under R.A. 6975
 ORGANIZATION:

Composition:
-the Department proper
-existing bureaus and offices of the DLG
-the National Police Commission
-the Philippine Public Safety College (PPSC)
-Philippine National Police (PNP)
-Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP)
-Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP)
the PPSC, PNP, BFP and BJMP were created under RA 6975.
-headed by the Secretary to be appointed by the President and
who shall serve at the pleasure of the President.
-the Secretary shall be assisted by two (2) Undersecretaries and
three (3) Assistant Secretaries .
-Undersecretary for Local Government.
-Undersecretary for Peace and Order.
-No retired or resigned military officer or police official may be
appointed as Secretary within one (1) year from date of
retirement or resignation.
-the Secretary is also the ex officio chairman of the National
Police Commission.
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF DILG
 RELATIONSHIP OF THE DILG WITH THE DEPARTMENT
OF NATIONAL DEFENSE (DND)
-under RA 6975, the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP)
was in charge with external security while the DILG was in
charge with internal security.
- under RA 8551, the DILG shall be relieved of the primary
responsibility on matters involving suppression of insurgency
and other serious threats to national security. The PNP shall
through information gathering and performance of its ordinary
police functions, support the AFP on matters involving
suppression of insurgency.
 NATIONAL POLICE COMMISSION

- an agency attached to the DILG for policy coordination.

-shall exercise administrative control and operational

supervision over the PNP
 COMPOSITION:
-consist of a Chairperson, four (4) regular Commissioners
and the Chief of PNP as ex officio member.
-shall serve a term of office of six (6) years without
reappointment or extension.
-three of the regular commissioners shall come from civilian
sector who are neither active nor former members of the police
or military.
-the fourth regular commissioner shall come from the law
enforcement sector either active or retired. Provided, that an
active member of a law enforcement agency shall be
considered resigned once appointed.
-at least one (1) of the four regular
commissioners shall be a woman.
-from among the three regular commissioners
from the civilian sector, the Vice Chairperson
shall be chosen.
-the Vice Chairperson shall act as the
Executive Officer of the Commission.
 PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE
organized pursuant to RA 6975, as amended by RA 8551
-a law enforcement agency under the DILG.
-under administrative control and operational supervision of the
National Police Commission.
-it is an organization that is national in scope and civilian in
character, as provided by Article XVI, Section 6 of the 1987
Philippine Constitution:
“The state shall establish and maintain one police force which
shall be national in scope and civilian in character…”
-headed by the Chief, PNP, with the rank of Director General,
appointed by the President and who shall serve a term of
office of four (4) years.
 POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE PNP

-Enforce all laws and ordinances relative to the protection of

lives and properties;
-Maintain peace and order and take all necessary steps to
ensure public safety;
-Investigate and prevent crimes, effect the arrest of criminal
offenders, bring offenders to justice and assist in their
prosecution;
-Exercise the general powers to make arrest, search and
seizure in accordance with the Constitution and pertinent
laws;
-Detain an arrested person for a period not beyond
what is prescribed by law, informing the person so
detained of all his rights under the Constitution;
-Issue licenses for the possession of firearms and
explosives in accordance with law;
-Supervise and control the training and operations of
security agencies and issue licenses to operate
security agencies and to security guards and
private detectives, for the purpose of their
professions.
Some provisions of RA 6975 pertinent to the PNP were amended by:
1. RA 8551 – PNP Reform And Reorganization Act of 1998, dated
February 25, 1998

2. RA 9708 – An Act Extending For Five Years (5) The Reglementary

Period For Complying With The Minimum Educational Qualification
For The Appointment To The PNP And Adjusting The Promotion
System, Dated August 12, 2009.

3. RA 10973 – An Act Granting The Chief PNP, Director of the CIDG,

and Deputy Director For Administration Of The CIDG The Power To
Administer Oath And Issue Subpoena And Subpoena Duces Tecum
In Relation To Its Investigation, Dated March 1, 2018
4. RA 11200 – An Act Providing For The Rank Classification
In The Philippine National Police, Amending For The
Purpose Of Section 28 Of RA 6975, As Amended,
Otherwise Known As The Department Of Interior And Local
Government Act Of 1990, Dated February 8, 2019.

5. RA 11279 -, An Act Transferring The PNPA And The PNTI

From The PPSC To The PNP, Amending For The Purpose
Sections 24, 35, 66, 67 Of Ra 6975, Otherwise Known As
The DILG Act Of 1990, As Amended Appropriating Funds
Therefore And For Other Purposes, Dated April 12, 2019.
 ORGANIZATION and COMPOSITION OF THE PNP
-shall be headed by a Chief who shall be assisted by two
(2) deputy chiefs:
-Deputy Chief for Administration.
-Deputy Chief for Operations.
-the Chief PNP and the two (2) deputy chiefs shall be
appointed by the President .
-no officer who is retirable within six (6) months shall be
appointed Chief .
-the PNP shall be composed of a national office, regional
offices, provincial offices, district offices, and city or
municipal stations.
THE PNP ORGANIZATIONAL
STRUCTURE
• It is composed of the Central Office or the NHQ, which
housed the office of the PNP Chief, two Deputy Chiefs, the
Chief Directorial Staff and Twelve (12) Directorial Staffs
with the support of (14) Administrative and (15) Operational
Units and Seventeen (17) Police Regional Offices (PROs)
nationwide corresponding to the regional subdivisions of the
country to include the NCRPO, PROs 1, 2, 3, 4A
(CALABARZON), 4B (MIMAROPA), 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13
(CARAGA), CAR and ARMM. It was on September 1, 2002
that PRO 4 was subdivided into PRO 4A (CALABARZON), and
PRO 4B (MIMAROPA).
 CAMP RAFAEL CRAME
-the national headquarters of the Philippine National Police,
located in Quezon City
-houses the offices of the following:
1. Chief, PNP
2. two (2) deputy chiefs
3. Chief, Directorial Staff
4. (12) directorial staff
5. (14) administrative support units
6. (15) operational support units
Directorial Staff
1. Directorate for Personnel and Records Management;
2. Directorate for Intelligence;
3. Directorate for Operations;
4. Directorate for Logistics;
5. Directorate for Integrated Police Operations
6. Directorate for Plans
7. Directorate for Comptrollership
8. Directorate for Police Community Relations
9. Directorate for Investigation and Detective Management
10. Directorate for Research and Development
11. Directorate for Information and Communication Technology Management.
12. Directorate for Human Resourse and Doctrine Dev’t
 The 14 Administrative Support Units
1. Logistics Service (LOGS)
2. Legal Service (LS)
3. Health Service (HS)
4. Information & Technology Management Service (ITMS)
5. Engineering Service (ES)
6. Headquarters Support Service (HSS)
7. Finance Service (FS)
8. Communications & Electronics Service (CES)
9. Chaplain Service (CS)
10. Training Service (TS)
11. Personnel Retirement Benefits Services (PRBS)
12. PNP Recruitment and selection service
13. PNPA
14. NPTI
1. Logistic Support Service – It is headed by a Director
with the rank of chief superintendent (Police
Brigadier General), it is responsible for procurement,
distribution, and management of supply including
firearms and ammunition. Provides logistical support
service to all PNP units.

2. Legal Services – Headed by a Director with the rank of

chief superintendent(Police Brigadier General), it
serves as the legal arm of the PNP.
3. Health Service – Headed by a Director with the
rank of chief superintendent(Police Brigadier
General), it provides medical and dental services
to PNP personnel and their dependents.

4. Information Technology Management Services

– Headed by a Director with the rank of chief
superintendent(Police Brigadier General), it is
responsible for design, implementation and
maintenance of database system.
- provides information technology services to all
PNP units.
5. Engineering Services – Headed by a Director
with the rank of chief superintendent, it plans,
implements, supervises and evaluates all
engineering programs, land utilization and housing
activities.

6. Headquarters Support Services – Headed by a

Director with the rank of chief superintendent,
provides administrative and technical support to
National headquarters.
7. Finance Services – Headed by a Director
with the rank of chief superintendent,
responsible for the PNP funds disbursement
and performs other fiscal functions.

8. Communications and Electronics

Services – Headed by a Director with the rank
of chief superintendent, provides
communication electronic services and support
to all PNP units.
9. Chaplain Services – Headed by a Director
with the rank of chief superintendent, provides
spiritual and other counselling services for the
PNP personnel and their dependents.

10. Training Services – Headed by a Director

with the rank of chief superintendent, conduct
training courses geared towards skills
enhancement, intellectual advancement, and
moral transformation of PNP personnel.
11. Police Retirees Benefits Services – Headed by
a Director with the rank of chief superintendent,
administers the retirement, separation and death
benefits of the PNP personnel.

12. PNP Recruitment and selection service – is the

primary unit responsible one for the new recruits in
the PNP. It manage the recruitment and selection
process of patrolman/woman, patrol officer, lateral
entry for technical and line officers, etc.
13. PNPA – is a public safety school whose
graduate are assigned as officers of the PNP,
BJMP, and BFP.

14. NPTI – conduct career and specialized

courses on law enforcement and public safety
for police non-commissioned officers for their
occupational and career advancement.
 The 15 Operational Support Units
1. Highway Patrol Group (HPG)
2. Intelligence Group (IG)
3. Special Action Force (SAF)
4. Police Security and Protection Group (PSPG)
5. Civil Security Group (CSG)
6. Maritime Group (MG)
7. Criminal Investigation & Detection Group (CIDG)
8. Police Community Relations Group (PCRG)
9. Aviation Security Group (ASG)
10. Crime Laboratory (CL)
11. Anti- Cyber Crime Group
12. Anti-Kidnapping Group (AKG)
13. IMEG
14. PNP –DEG
15. PNP- EOD/ K9 Group
1. Highway Patrol Group (HPG) –
It is headed by a Director with the
rank of chief superintendent,
enforces traffic laws and regulation,
promote safety along the highways,
enhances traffic safety
consciousness through inter-
agency cooperation concerning
police traffic safety engineering,
traffic safety education, and traffic
law enforcement function and
develops reforms in the crime
prevention aspects against all form
of lawlessness committed along
national highway involving the use
of motor vehicle.
2. Intelligence Group (IG)
– Headed by a Director
with the rank chief
superintendent, it serves
as the intelligence and
counter intelligence
operating unit of PNP.
3. Special Action Force (SAF)
– Headed by a Director with the
rank of chief superintendent,
serves as the PNP main mobile
strike force or a reaction unit to
augment regional, provincial,
municipal, and city police force
for civil disturbance control,
internal security operations,
hostage – rescue operation
search and rescue operation in
times of natural calamities,
disaster, and national
emergencies and other special
police operations. The PNP Air
Unit is placed under the
supervision of the SAF.
4. Police Security and
Protection Group (PSPG) –
Headed by a Director with
the rank chief
superintendent, provide
security to vital
government installations
government official,
visiting dignitaries and
private individuals authorized
to be given protection by the
government
5. Civil Security Group
(CSG) – Headed by a
Director with the rank
chief superintendent,
regulates business
operation and activities of
all organized private
detectives, watchmen,
security guards/ agencies
and company guard forces
and supervises the
licensing and registration of
firearms and explosives.
6. Maritime Group
(MG) – Headed by a
Director with the rank
chief superintendent,
Performs police and
law enforcement
functions over
Philippine territorial
waters.
7. Criminal Investigation &
Detection Group (CIDG) –
Headed by a Director with
the rank of chief
superintendent, it
undertakes monitoring,
investigation and prosecution
of all crimes involving
economic sabotage and
other crimes that committed
by highly professionalize
criminal syndicates and
organizations.
8. Police Community
Relations Group –
Headed by a Director with
the rank of chief
superintendent, it plans,
programs, which promote
community and citizen’s
participation in the
maintenance of peace and
order and public safety.
9. Aviation Security
Group (ASG) –
Headed by a Director
with the rank chief
superintendent, it
secures all country’s
airport against
offensive and
terrorist act, enforce
all laws and regulation
relative to air travel
protection and safety.
10. Crime Laboratory
(CL) – Headed by a
Director with the rank
chief superintendent,
it provides scientific
and technical
investigative aid and
support to PNP and
other investigative
agencies.
11. Anti- Cyber Crime
Group – It is headed by
a Director with the rank
of chief superintendent,
enforce pertinent laws on
cybercrimes and
advocates anti -
cybercrime campaigns of
the PNP.
12. Anti-Kidnapping
Group (AKG) – It is
headed by a Director with
the rank of chief
superintendent, serves as
the primary unit of the PNP
in addressing kidnapping
cases and in handling
hostage situation.
13. IMEG – The primary unit for information
gathering and conduct of offensive operation
against erring police personnel.

14. PNP –DEG –to conduct intensified anti

illegal drug operation, ensure the successful
prosecution of drug cases and enhance public
awareness on the harmful effects of dangerous
drugs in the partnership of the community.
15. PNP- EOD/ K9 Group – to provide specialized
service such as bomb detection, bomb threat
response, bomb disposal and quick response in
support to local EODK9 units as well as to respond
to crisis incident involving explosive materials and
conduct assessment, neutralization and safe
disposition of manufactured and improvised
explosive.
 POLICE REGIONAL OFFICES
-the PNP is divided into seventeen (17) police regional offices (PRO), each
headed by a Regional Director;
 PRO 1 – 13, NCRPO, CAR, and ARMM

PROVINCIAL POLICE OFFICES

-for every region, there are provincial offices, each headed by a
Provincial Director
-in large provinces, police districts may be established to be headed
by a District Director
-at the city or municipal levels or stations, each is headed by a Chief
of Police
 DISTRICT OFFICES
NCRPO is divided into five (5) districts, each headed by a
District Director:
1. Manila Police District (MPD) (formerly Western Police
District)- Manila
2. Eastern Police District (EPD) – Marikina, Pasig, San Juan
and Mandaluyong,
3. Northern Police District (NPD) – Caloocan, Malabon,
Navotas, Valenzuela
4. Central Police District (CPD) – Quezon City
5. Southern Police District (SPD) – Pasay, Makati,
Paranaque, Las Pinas, Muntinlupa, Taguig and Pateros
 RANK CLASSIFICATION AND ITS COUNTERPART IN THE
MILITARY
PNP AFP
(Commissioned Officer)
Four Star - Director General General
Three Star - Deputy Director General Lieutenant General
Two Star - Director Major General
One Star - Chief Superintendent Brigadier General
Three Sun - Senior Superintendent Colonel
Two Sun - Superintendent Lieutenant Colonel
One Sun – Chief Inspector Major
Two Anahaw Leaf – Senior Inspector Captain
One Anahaw Leaf - Inspector Lieutenant
 Non- Commissioned Officer

Senior Police Officer 4 Master Sergeant

Senior Police Officer 3 Technical Sergeant
Senior Police Officer 2 Staff Sergeant
Senior Police Officer 1 Sergeant
Police Officer 3 Corporal
Police Officer 2 Private First Class
Police Officer 1 Private
 KEY POSITIONS AND THEIR CORRESPONDING
RANKS IN THE PNP

• The Head of the PNP with the rank Director General

(Police General) shall have the position title of Chief of
the PNP.

• The second in command of the PNP with the rank of

Deputy Director General (Police Lieutenant
General) shall be the Deputy Chief of the PNP for
Administration.
• The third in command with the rank also of
Deputy Director General (Police Lieutenant
General) shall be the Deputy Chief of the PNP for
Operations.

• At the National Office, the head of the Directorial

Staff with the rank of Deputy Director General
(Police Lieutenant General) shall be known as
Chief of the Directorial Staff of the PNP
• The Heads of the various staff divisions in the
Directorial Staff shall have the rank of Director
(Police Major General)with the position title of
Director of the Directorial Staff of their respective
functional divisions.

• The Head of the Inspectorate Division with the

rank of Chief Superintendent (Police Brigadier
General) shall assume the position title of
Inspector General.
• The Heads of the Administrative and
Operational support divisions shall have the
rank of Chief Superintendent. (Police Brigadier
General)

• The Head of the NCR with the rank of Director

(Police Major General) shall assume the position
title of NCR Director.
• The Heads of the Regional Offices with the rank
of Chief Superintendent (Police Brigadier
General) shall assume the position title of
Regional Director.

• The Heads of the NCR District Offices with the

rank of Chief Superintendent (Police Brigadier
General) shall have the position title of NCR
District Director.
• The Heads of Provincial Offices with the rank of Senior
Superintendent (Police Colonel)shall be known as Provincial
Director.

• The Heads of the District Offices with the rank of

Superintendent (Police Lieutenant Colonel) shall have the
position title of District Director.

• The Heads of the Municipality or City Offices with the rank

of Chief Inspector (Police Major) shall be known as Chief of
Police.
 The Philippine Public
Safety College (PPSC) is
the premier educational
institution for the training,
human resource
development and
continuing education of all
personnel of the PNP, BFP
and BJMP.
“Towards Excellence and Quality Public Safety Service”
 The four (4) PPSC Constitutive Units

National Police National Forensic

Fire National Training Jail National Training
Science Training
College (NPC) Institute (FNTI) Institute (JNTI)
Institute (NFSTI)
The National Police Commission (NAPOLCOM)
(Sec 13-22, RA 6975 as amended by Sec 4-11, RA
8551)
The NAPOLCOM is an agency
attached to the DILG for policy and
program coordination and exercises
administrative control and
operational supervision (ACOS)
over the Philippine National Police.
It is composed of a Chairperson, four
(4) regular Commissioners, and the
Chief of PNP as ex-officio member.
Recruitment Management
 Under the Civil Service Commission, each
department and agency shall evolve its own screening
process, which may include tests or fitness, in
accordance with standards and guidelines set.
 In order to insure the quality of personnel entering
the police service and strengthen the foundation of
the police professionalization, a standard procedure
for recruitment and selection of PNP uniformed
personnel is hereby established:
GENERAL QUALIFICATION FOR APPOINTMENT
of the PNP
• A citizen of the Philippines;
• A person of good moral character;
• Must have passed psychiatric/psychological, drug and
physical test to be admitted by PNP or by any
NAPOLCOM accredited government hospital;
• Must posses a formal baccalaureate degree from a
recognized institution of learning;
• Must be eligible in accordance with the standards set by
NAPOLCOM;
• Must not have been dishonorably discharged from
military employment or dismissed for cause from any
civilian position in the government;
• Must not have been convicted by final judgement of an
offense involving moral turpitude;
• Must be at least one meter and sixty two centimeters
(1.62) for male in height and one and fifty seven
centimeters (1.57) for female;
• Must weight not more than or less than five kilograms
(5kgs) from the standard weight corresponding to his/her
height, age and sex;
• For new applicant, must not less than twenty one (21)
nor more than thirty(30) years of age: except for the
last qualification, the above enumerated qualifications
shall be continuing in character and an absence of any
one of them at any given time shall be a ground for
separation or retirement from the service: Provided,
That PNP members who are already in the service
upon the effectivity of RA 8551 shall be given at least
two (2) years to obtain the minimum educational
requirement and one (1) year to satisfy the weight
requirement.
• After the lapse of time period for the satisfaction of a
specific requirement , current members who fails to
satisfy any of the requirement enumerated under this
section shall be separated from the service if they are
below fifty (50) years of age and have served in the
Government for less than twenty (20) years or retired
if they are fifty (50) years and above and has served in
Government for at least twenty (20) years and above
without prejudice in either case to the payment of
benefits they may be entitled to under existing laws.”
SECTION 15. WAIVERS FOR INITIAL APPOINTMENTS
TO THE PNP
• The age, height, weight and educational attainment
(ahwe) requirement for initial appointment to the PNP
may be waived only when the number of qualified
applicants fall below the minimum annual quota:
• Provided, that an applicant shall not be below twenty
(21) years nor more than thirty five (35) years of age:
• Provided, further, That any applicant not meeting the
weight requirement shall be given reasonable time but
not exceeding six (6) months to comply with said
requirement.
• Provided, furthermore, that only applicants who
have finished second year college or have earned
at least seventy- two (72) collegiate units leading
to a Bachelor’s Degree shall be eligible for
appointment. Provided, furthermore, that anybody
who will enter the service without a baccalaureate
degree shall be given a maximum of four (4)
years to obtain the required educational
qualification.
Note:
Waiver for height requirement shall be
automatically granted to applicants belonging
to the cultural communities.
• Grant of Special Waiver under Resolution No.
2002- 048

I. Direct filing of waiver to the NAPOLCOM is now

allowed without endorsement from the Chief PNP, in
so far as application for age and height waivers by the
TOP 20 board passers of the Criminologist
Licensure Examination and related disciplines
where examinees exceeds 2,000.
Note:
If the examinees fall below 2,000, only TOP
10 board passers can avail the privileges.
SECTION 17. NATURE OF APPOINTMENT
UNDER A WAIVER PROGRAM
• Any PNP uniformed personnel who is admitted
due to waiver of the educational or weight
requirements shall be issued a temporary
appointment pending the satisfaction of the
requirement waived. Any member who will fail to
satisfy any of the waived requirements within the
specified time periods under section 13 of this Act
shall be dismissed from service.
R. A 6975 Section 31. Appointment of PNP
Officers and Members.

• PO I to SPO IV (Pat to PEMS) – Appointed by the

PNP Regional Director for regional personnel
or by the Chief of the PNP for the national
headquarters personnel and attested by the Civil
Service Commission.
• Inspector to Superintendent (PLT to PLTCOL) –
Appointed by the Chief of the PNP, as recommended
by their immediate superiors, attested by the Civil
Service Commission;

• Senior Superintendent to Deputy Director

General( PCOL to PLTGEN) – Appointed by the
President upon recommendation of the Chief of the
PNP, with proper endorsement by the Chairman of the
Civil Service Commission and subject to confirmation by
the Commission on Appointments; and
• Director General (PGEN) – Appointed by the
President from among the senior officers down
to the rank of chief superintendent in the
service, subject to confirmation by the Commission
on Appointments: Provided, That the Chief of the
PNP shall serve a tour of duty not to exceed four
(4) years: Provided, further, That, in times of war
or other national emergency declared by
Congress, the President may extend such tour of
duty.
QUALIFICATIONS THAT CAN BE WAIVED:
1.Age-not below 20 nor more than 35 years old
2.Height-granted to applicants belonging to cultural minorities
3.Weight-more or less than 5 kgs. from the standards set by law.(Applicant will be given not
exceeding 6 months to comply with this standard)
Note: Under R.A.8551,the 6 months was changed to 1 year.
4.Education-without baccalaureate degree; at least 72 units leading to a bachelor degree.
Note:
1.Applicant with no baccalaureate degree will be given a maximum of 4 years to comply and
applicant with at least 72 units will be given two years to comply.
Note: Under R.A 9708, members who are already in the service upon the effectivity
of Republic Act No.8551 shall be given five (5) years to obtain the minimum
educational qualification preferably in law enforcement related courses.
 EXAMINATION AND ELIGIBILITY
The National Police Commission shall administer the entrance and
promotional examinations for police officers on the basis of the
standards set by the Commission (as amended by RA 8551).
-POLICE ENTRANCE EXAMINATION – taken by applicants of the PNP

-POLICE PROMOTIONAL EXAMINATIONS – taken by in-service police officers as

part of the mandatory requirements for promotion.

POLICE OFFICER EXAMINATION

SENIOR POLICE OFFICER EXAMINATION
INSPECTOR EXAMINATION
SUPERINTENDENT EXAMINATION
 NAPOLCOM MEMORANDUM CIRCULAR NO. 2008-
016

Promotional Examinations.

-Members of the Bar and Licensed Criminologists

whose profession are germane to law enforcement and
police functions are no longer required to take
promotional examinations.
-Up to the rank of Superintendent.
How to join PNP:
a. Pre- assessment or Initial Application

 The police – aspirant must have preliminary application

to the Police Department, CSC, or the Central Police
Personnel Office to obtain general information as to the
minimum standard for police employment, qualification
and other criteria of filing an application.
 It includes filing- up of the PO1 Application Form,
submitting the accomplished Application Form to any of
the nearest PNP Recruitment Office and waiting for
proper advice.
b. Initial Evaluation

 Applicant will be notified that he/she passed the

Pre- assessment and he will be required to
submit the necessary documents to the
Recruitment Officer stationed in the PRO
Headquarters for Initial Evaluation.
c. Psychological/ neuro- Psychiatric
Examination

 To exclude applicants who may be suffering from

any mental disorder, the applicants shall take a
psychological and neuro-psychiatric test to be
administered by the PNP, NBI or any duly
recognized institution and meet all the
requirements in paragraph (a) above.
 General Standards for Police Candidates

1. General Appearance – the body must be

well proportioned, girth of the abdomen
should not exceed the measurement of the
chest at rest. In addition the applicant must
be free from any marked deformity.
2. Eyes – the applicant should not be
suffering from color blindness. The
required vision is 20/20 to 20/30 in one eye
and a binocular vision of 20/30. Loss of
either eyes, chronic inflammation of the
eyelids and permanent of either eyes must
be rejected.
3. Nose, Mouth, Teeth – Obstruction
from free breathing and very offensive
breath should be rejected. At least 21
natural teeth are present missing
ones should be replaced by dentures.
4. Genitals – any form of hernia would
disqualify the applicant. Any acute venereal
disease would be rejected as well as other
deformities such as stricture.
5. Arms, Hands, Legs, Feet – must be free from
any infections, conditions like flat foot, hammer
toes. The presence or formation of varicose veins
should disqualify applicants. The index, middle,
ring and thumb must be present in its entirety for
hands and feet toes.
e. Character and Background Investigation
 The Screening Committee shall cause an intensive investigation
of the character from among various sources. This consist of the
following:
i. Neighbourhood check
ii. Previous employment
iii. Educational history
iv. Prior law enforcement experience
v. Financial history
vi. Criminal and juvenile record
vii. Family background
viii.Marital status
ix. Personal references
f. Physical Agility Test

 This test is given to determine whether or

not the applicant possesses the required
coordination strength and speed of
movement necessary for police service.
g. Final Committee Interview

 This is the final steps on the selection

process. It will determine the applicant’s
aptitude to join the police service.
 The interview shall aid in determining
likeableness, affability, attitude towards work,
outside interest, forcefulness, conversational
ability, disagreeable mannerism, etc.
 Appointment to Police Service

Appointment

 A job or position for which police applicants

are selected to the police service.
 It is the designation of a person to an office
or position by competent authority.
 Kinds of Appointment

1. Permanent Appointment

 One can only be permanent to the police service when

the requirements for the position desired, to which he/she
is appointed are met.
 It is long lasting, intended for indefinite position.
2. Temporary Appointment

 The applicant passes through the waiver

program as provided in under R.A 8551
 Appointment rendered to an applicant in the
police service who fail to meet the appropriate
eligibility.
Any members who will fail to satisfy any of the
waived requirements with the specified time periods
shall be dismissed from the service.
3. Probationary

 Applicant passes through the regular

screening procedures but is still
undergoing the FTP.
 APPOINTMENT UNDER A WAIVER PROGRAM
(NAPOLCOM MC No. 2007-009)
1).Conditions on waivers for initial appointment to the PNP
a). The age, height and weight for initial appointment to the
PNP may be waived only when the number of qualified
applicants falls below the approved national/regional quota.
b). The Commission en banc may grant age, height and weight
waiver. The NAPOLCOM Regional Director may grant height
waiver to a member of an indigenous group.
c). Waiver of the age requirement may be granted provided
that the applicant shall not be less than twenty (20) nor more
than thirty five (35) years of age.

d). Waiver of the height requirement may be granted to a male

applicant who is at least 1 meter and 57 cm (1.57m) and to a
female applicant who is at least 1 meter and 52cm (1.52m).
Provided, that the minimum height requirement for
applicants who belong to indigenous group duly certified by
the Office of the Muslim Affairs (OMA) or the National
Commission on Indigenous Peoples (NCIP) shall be 1.52m for
male and 1.45m for female
e). An applicant who is granted a weight waiver shall be given
reasonable time not exceeding six (6) months within which to
comply with the said requirement. Failure to attain the
required weight shall cause the termination from the service.

2). Factors to be Considered in the Grant of Waivers

a). Outstanding accomplishments or possession of special
skills in law enforcement, police work, martial arts,
marksmanship and similar skills;
b). Special talents in the field of sports, music and others;
c). Extensive experience or training in forensic science and
other technical services.
3). Selection Criteria under the waiver program

a). Applicants who possess the least disqualifications shall

take precedence over those who possess more
disqualifications.

b). The requirement shall be waived in the following order:

1). Age
2). Height
3). Weight
APPOINTMENT OF OFFICER INTO THE
PNP VIA LATERAL ENTRY
• All entrance appointment to the officers’ ranks in
the PNP shall commence with the rank of
Inspector, including those with highly technical
qualifications applying for the PNP technical
services, such as dentists, nurses, engineers,
optometrist and graduates of forensic sciences.
• Doctors of medicine, members of the Bar and
chaplains shall be appointed to the rank of Senior
Inspector in their particular technical service.
1). In general, all original appointments of
commissioned officers in the PNP shall commence
with the rank of inspector, to include all those with
highly technical qualifications applying for the PNP
technical services (R.A. 6975).
a). Senior Inspector
1). Chaplain;
2). Member of the Bar;
3). Doctor of Medicine
b). Inspector
1). Dentist
2) Optometrists
3) Nurses
4) Engineers
5) Graduates of forensic science
6) Graduates of Philippine National Police Academy

Licensed criminologists may be appointed to the rank

of inspector to fill up any vacancy after promotions from the
ranks are completed.
New policy on LATERAL ENTRY (NAPOLOCM M.C 2008-006.
a). A person with highly technical qualifications such as:
1). Dentist
2). Optometrist
3). Nurse
4) Engineer
5). Graduate of Forensic Science
6). Doctor of Medicine
7). Member of the Philippine Bar
8). Chaplain
9). Information Technologist
10). Pilot
11). Psychologist
b). Graduate of PNPA
c). Licensed Criminologist

3). Top priority consideration for lateral entry into the rank of
Police Inspector shall be given to top ten (10) placers of the
different Licensure Examinations. However, incumbent PNP
members who land in the top ten shall be given first preference
over the civilian provided that the qualifications are satisfied.
4).The maximum age of PNP members applicants through
lateral entry shall be forty six (46) years old at the time of
appointment. Age waivers shall not be allowed.
 TRAINING AND CAREER DEVELOPMENT

The Field Training Program – All uniformed

members of the PNP shall undergo a Field Training
Program for twelve (12) months involving actual
experience and assignment in patrol, traffic, and
investigation as a requirement for permanency of their
appointment.
THE PNP PROMOTION SYSTEM
Promotion is defined as the upward movement from one
classification or rank to another carrying higher benefits and
more responsibility. It is the upgrading of ranks and/or
advancement to a position of leadership.

status change of a policeman amounting to dynamic

elevation of qualified or deserving members as opportunities
occurs to assignment or duties of greater importance.
KINDS OF PROMOTION
1. Regular Promotion
2. Special/ Meritorious/Spot Promotion
3. Promotion by virtue of position
1. Regular Promotion - promotion granted to police officers meeting
the mandatory requirements for promotion.
MANDATORY REQUIREMENTS FOR PROMOTION
1. Educational attainment
2. Completion of appropriate training/schooling, such as:
Master’s Degree - Chief Superintendent and above
Officers Senior Executive Course (OSEC) – Supt to Sr. Supt
Officers Advance Course (OAC) – Chief Insp.
Officers Basic Course (OBC) – Sr. Insp.
Officers Candidate Course (OCC) – SPOIV
Senior Leadership Course (SLC) – SPOIII to SPOIV
Junior Leadership Course (JLC) – POIII to SPOI
3. Experience Time- in Grade
(NAPOLCOM Resolution No. 2013-501)

Ranks Time- in Grade

• Sr. Supt – C/ Supt. (PCOL to PBGEN) 2 years
• Supt. – Sr. Supt. (PLTCOL to PCOL) 3 years
• C/ Insp. – Supt. (PMAJ to PLTCOL) 3 years
• Sr. Insp. – C/ Insp. (PCPT to PMAJ) 3 years
• Insp. – Sr. Insp.(PLT to PCPT) 3 years
• SPO4 – Insp. (PEMS to PLT) 2 years
• SPO3 – SPO4 (PCMS to PEMS) 2 years
• SPO2 – SPO3 (PSMS to PCMS) 2 years
• SPO1 – SPO2 (PMSg to PSMS) 2 years
• PO3 – SPO1 (PSSg to PMSg) 3 years
• PO2 – PO3 (PCpl to PSSg) 2 years
• PO1 – PO2 (Pat to PCpl) 2 years
• The experience/time-in grade for the ranks of
Police Director(Police Major General),
Police Deputy Director General (Police
Lieutenant General) and Police Director
General(Police General) is not required
because the President, upon the
recommendation of the NAPOLCOM, has the
prerogative to promote them at any given
time.
4. Appropriate eligibility – the required promotional
examinations

a. Police Officer Promotional Examination

b. Senior Police Officer Promotional Examination
c. Police Inspector Promotional Examination
d. Police Superintendent Promotional Examination

Except for the Chief, PNP, no PNP member who has less
than one (1) year of service before reaching the compulsory
retirement age shall be promoted to a higher rank or
appointed to any other position.
REGULAR PROMOTION UNDER R.A. 9708
Pursuant to RA 9708, “…In addition, the institution of a criminal
action or complaint against a police officer shall not be a bar to
promotion: Provided, however, That upon finding of probable
cause, notwithstanding any challenge that may be raised against
that finding thereafter, the concerned police officer shall be
ineligible for promotion: Provided, further, That if the case remains
unresolved after two (2) years from the aforementioned
determination of probable cause, he or she shall be considered
for promotion. In the event he or she is held guilty of the crime by
final judgment, said promotion shall be recalled without prejudice to
the imposition of the appropriate penalties under applicable laws,
rules and regulations:
Provided, furthermore, That if the complaint filed
against the police officer is for a crime including,
but not limited to, a violation of human rights,
punishable by reclusion perpetua or life
imprisonment, and the court has determined that
the evidence of guilt is strong, said police officer
shall be completely ineligible for promotion
during the pendency of the said criminal
case.”
2. Special Promotion – promotion granted to
police officers who have exhibited acts of
conspicuous courage and gallantry at the risk of
his/her life above and beyond the call of duty.
Conspicuous courage is a courage that is clearly
distinguished above others in the performance of
one’s duty.
ACTS OF CONSPICUOUS COURAGE AND
GALLANTRY (NAPOLCOM Memorandum Circular
No. 2007-003 and PNP Memorandum Circular No.
2009-019)

1. A deed of personal bravery and self sacrifice above

and beyond the call of duty, so conspicuous as to
distinguish the act clearly over and above his/her
comrades in the performance of more than ordinary
hazardous service, such as; but not limited to the
following circumstances:
a. Overwhelming number of enemies and firepower capability
as against the strength of PNP operatives and their firepower
capability;
b. Infiltration and penetration of the safehouses and
hideouts of organized crime syndicates like kidnapping,
illegal drugs, carnapping, hijacking and terrorism;
c. Shoot-out in robbery/hold-up incidents inside public
places such as: malls, government offices, business
establishments and PUVs;
d. Conduct of rescue/disaster operations that resulted in the
saving of lives and properties.
2. An act of heroism exhibited in the face of an armed
enemy or in the conduct of rescue/disaster
operations resulting in the loss of life (posthumous
promotions).

Posthumous Award – in case an individual who

distinguish himself dies before the granting of the
awards.
PROMOTION BY VIRTUE OF POSITION (Section 32, R.A.
8551)

Any PNP personnel designated to any key position

whose rank is lower than that which is required for
such position shall, after six (6) months of occupying the
same, be entitled to a rank adjustment corresponding to the
position.
Provided, that the personnel shall not be reassigned to
a position calling for a higher rank until after two (2) years
from the date of such rank adjustment.
 Attrition System In The PNP
(Sec 24-30, RA 8551)

Attrition System – reduction of personnel or

downsizing of personnel strength.
Refers to the retirement or separation from police
service of PNP uniformed personnel pursuant to any
of the means mentioned in Section 24 to 30 of RA
8551 and other means as provided in NAPOLCOM
Memorandum Circular No. 2008-005.)
 MODES OF ATTRITION

a) Attrition by attainment of Maximum Tenure in Position.

Maximum Tenure in Position refers to the maximum

cumulative period for a PNP member to hold a particular position level.

Position Maximum Tenure

Chief Four (4) years
Deputy Chief Four (4) years
Director of the Staff Services Four (4) years
Regional Directors Six (6) years
Provincial/City Directors Nine (9) years
b) Attrition by Relief – A PNP uniformed personnel who has
been relieved for just cause and has not been given an
assignment within two (2) years after such relief shall be
retired or separated.
c) Attrition by demotion in position or rank – Any PNP
personnel, civilian or uniformed, who are relieved and
assigned to a position lower than what is established for his
or her grade in the PNP staffing pattern and who shall not be
assigned to a position commensurate to his or her grade
within EIGHTEEN (18) MONTHS after such demotion shall
be retired or separated.
d) Attrition by non-promotion – Any PNP personnel who has not
been promoted for a continuous period of TEN (10) YEARS shall
be retired or separated

e) Attrition by other means - Any PNP member of officer with

at least five (5) years of accumulated active service shall be
separated based on any of the following:
1. inefficiency based on poor performance during the last two (2)
successive annual rating periods;

Poor performance refers to the poor rating in the promulgated

PNP Performance Evaluation Rating System.
2. Inefficiency based on poor performance for three (3)
cumulative annual rating periods;
3. Physical and/or mental incapacity to perform police
functions and duties.
4. Failure to pass the required entrance examinations twice
and/or finish the required career course except for
justifiable reasons;
5. refusal to take periodic PNP Physical Fitness Test without
justifiable reason.
Physical Fitness Test refers to the method of evaluating
the physical condition of PNP members in terms of
stamina, strength, speed and agility.
6. failure to take PNP Physical Fitness Test for
four (4) consecutive periodic tests due to health
reasons;
7. failure to pass PNP Physical Fitness Test for
Two (2) consecutive periodic tests or four (4)
cumulative periodic tests; or
8. non-compliance with the minimum
qualification standards for the permanency or
original appointment.
• RA. 8551- IMPORTANT PROVISIONS AND
DISCIPLINARY MECHANISMS
• Section 37. Early Retirement Program – Within three (3)
years after the effectivity of this Act, any PNP officer or
non-commissioned officer may retire and be paid
separation benefits corresponding to a position two (2)
ranks higher than his or her present rank subject to the
following conditions:

a) that at the time he or she applies for retirement, he or she

has already rendered at least ten (10) years of continuous
government service;
b) the applicant is not scheduled for separation or
retirement from the service due to the attrition system
or separation for cause;

c) he or she has no pending administrative or

criminal case; and

d) he or she has at least three (3) more years in the

service before reaching the compulsory retirement
age and at least a year before his or her maximum
tenure in position.
Section 39. Compulsory Retirement – Compulsory
retirement, for officer and non-officer, shall be
upon the attainment of age fifty-six (56):
Provided, That, in case of any officer with the rank
of chief superintendent, director or deputy
director general, the Commission may allow his
retention in the service for an unextendible period
of one (1) year.
Section 40. Optional Retirement – Upon
accumulation of at least twenty (20) years of
satisfactory active service, an officer or non-
officer, at his own request and with the approval
of the Commission, shall be retired from the
service and entitled to receive benefits provided
by law.
• Retirement Benefits – Monthly retirement
pay shall be fifty percent (50%) of the base
pay and longevity pay of the retired grade in
case of twenty (20) years of active service,
increasing by two and one-half percent
(2.5%) for every year of active service
rendered beyond twenty (20) years to a
maximum of ninety percent (90%) for thirty-
six (36) years of active service and over:
Longevity Pay and Allowances – Uniformed
personnel of the Department shall be entitled
to a longevity pay of (10%) of their basic
monthly salaries for every five (5) years of
service. Provided, That the totality of such
longevity pay shall not exceed (50%) of the
basic pay.
• Permanent Physical Disability – An officer or
non-officer who is permanently and totally disabled
as a result of injuries suffered or sickness
contracted in the performance of his duty as duly
certified by the National Police Commission, upon
finding and certification by the appropriate medical
officer, that the extent of the disability or sickness
renders such member unfit or unable to further
perform the duties of his position, shall be entitled
to one year's salary and to lifetime pension
equivalent to (80%) of his last salary, in addition
to other benefits as provided under existing laws.
R. A 6975 Section 27. Manning Levels. On the average
nationwide, the manning levels of the PNP shall be
approximately in accordance with a police-to-population
ratio of one (1) policeman for every five hundred (500)
persons. The actual strength by cities and municipalities
shall depend on the state of peace and order, population
density and actual demands of the service in the
particular area: Provided, That the minimum police-to-
population ratio shall not be less than one (1)
policeman for every one thousand (1,000) persons:
Provided, further, That urban areas shall have a higher
minimum police-to-population ratio as may be prescribed
by regulations.
Creation of Women's Desks in All
Police Stations and the Gender Sensitivity
Program
(Sec 57-61, RA 8551)
The Women’s Desk shall administer and attend to cases
involving crimes against chastity, sexual harassment, abuses
committed against women and children and other similar
offenses:
Prioritization of Women for Recruitment. The PNP shall
prioritize the recruitment and training of women who shall
serve in the women's desk. Pursuant to this requirement, the
PNP shall reserve ten percent (10%) of its annual recruitment,
training, and education quota for women
All complaints and reports under the
Women's Desk shall be written in a separate
blotter book known as the "PINK BOOK" or
"PINK BLOTTER BOOK”
The PNP Disciplinary System (R.A. 8551)
Offenses Subjected To Police Administrative Disciplinary
System
“sec. 41 (a) Citizen complaint - A formal charge initiated
by natural or juridical person or his /its duly authorized
representative or guardian on account of an injury,
damage or disturbance sustained due to irregular or illegal
act or omission of a PNP member.
“(1) Chief of Police, where the offense is punishable by
withholding of privileges, restriction to specified limits,
suspension or forfeiture of salary, or any combination
thereof, for a period not exceeding fifteen (15) days.
“(2) Mayors of cities and municipalities, where the
offense is punishable by withholding of privileges,
restriction to specified limits , suspension or forfeiture of
salary, or any combination thereof, for the period of not
less sixteen (16) days but not exceeding thirty (30) days.

“(3) People’s Law Enforcement Board, where the offense

is punishable by withholding of privileges, restriction to
specified limits, suspension or forfeiture of salary, or any
combination thereof, for a period exceeding thirty (30)
days ; or by a dismissal.
• “(b) Internal Discipline. On dealing with
minor offenses committed by any regular
member of the PNP of their respective
command, the duly designated
supervisors and equivalent officers of the
PNP shall, after due notice and summary
hearing, exercise disciplinary powers as
follows:
Breach of internal discipline - any offense
committed by the member of PNP involving
minor offenses affecting the order and discipline
within the police organization.
Acts constituting BREACH OF INTERNAL DISCIPLINE
(TYPES OF minor OFFENSES INVOLVING INTERNAL
DISCIPLINE IN THE PNP)

1. Simple misconduct/ negligence

2. Insubordination
3. Frequent absences/ tardiness
4. Habitual Drunkenness
5. Gambling prohibited by law
• PNP DISCIPLINARY AUTHORITIES
1. Chief of Police
2. Provincial Directors
3. Regional Directors
4. Chief PNP
• “(1) Chiefs of Police or equivalent supervisors
may summarily impose administrative
punishment of admonition or reprimand;
restriction to specified limits; withholding of
privileges; forfeiture of salary or suspension; or
any combination of the foregoing. Provided,
That, in all cases, the total period shall not
exceed fifteen(15) days.
• “(2) Provincial director or equivalent supervisors
may summarily impose administrative punishment
of admonition or reprimand; restrictive custody;
withholding of privileges; forfeiture of salary or
suspension; or any combination of the foregoing:
Provided; That, in all cases the total period shall
not exceed thirty (30) days.
• “(3) Regional Directors or equivalent supervisors shall
have the power to impose upon any member the
disciplinary punishment of dismissal from service. He
may also impose the administrative punishment of
admonition or reprimand; restrictive custody;
withholding of privileges; suspension or forfeiture of
salary; demotion; or any combination of the foregoing:
Provided, That, in all cases, the total period shall not
exceed sixty (60) days.
• “(4) The Chief of the PNP shall have the power
to impose the disciplinary punishment of
dismissal from service; suspension or forfeiture
of salary; or combination thereof for a period
not exceeding one hundred eighty (180) days.
• “(d) Forum Shopping or multiple filing of complaints.
When an administrative complaints is filed with a
police disciplinary authority, such as the People’s Law
Enforcement Board (PLEB), no other case involving the
same cause of action shall be filed with any other
disciplinary authority.
SEC. 42. Summary Dismissal Powers of the National
Police Commission, PNP Chief and PNP Regional
Directors.

• The National Police Commission, the Chief of the

PNP and PNP Regional Directors, after due notice
and summary hearings, may immediately remove or
dismiss any respondent PNP member in any of the
following cases:
“(a) When the charge is serious and the evidence of guilt
is strong;

“(b) When the respondent is a recidivist or has been

repeatedly charged and there are reasonable grounds to
believe that he is guilty of the charges; and

“(c) When the respondent is guilty of a serious offense

involving conduct unbecoming of a police officer.
• Any member or officer of the PNP who shall go
on an absence without official leave (AWOL) for
continuous period of thirty (30) days or more
shall be dismissed immediately from the service.
His activities and whereabouts during the period
shall be investigated and if found to have
committed crime, he shall be prosecuted
accordingly.
 DISCIPLINARY APPELATE BOARDS

-formal administrative disciplinary appellate

machinery of the National Police
Commission.

-tasked to hear cases on appeal from the

different disciplinary authorities in the PNP
COMPOSED OF THE FOLLOWING:
National Appellate Board
-shall decide cases on appeal from decisions rendered by the
PNP Chief and the National Internal Affairs Service
-shall be composed of the four (4) regular commissioners and
shall be chaired by the executive officer
REGIONAL APPELLATE BOARD
-shall decide cases on appeal from decisions rendered by the
Regional Director, Provincial Director, Chief of Police, the city
or municipal mayor and the PLEB
-there shall be at least one (1) regional appellate board per
administrative region
ADMINISTRATIVE PENALTIES

1. Withholding of privileges
2. Restriction to specified limits
3. Restrictive custody
4. Forfeiture of salary
5. Suspension
6. Any combination of the penalties above (1 to 5)
7. One (1) rank demotion
8. Dismissal from the service
• Section 45. Finality of Disciplinary Action – The
disciplinary action imposed upon a member of the
PNP shall be final and executory: Provided, That a
disciplinary action imposed by the Regional
Director or by the PLEB involving demotion or
dismissal from the service may be appealed to the
Regional Appellate Board (RAB) within ten (10)
days from receipt of the copy of the notice of
decision:
• Provided, further, That the disciplinary action
imposed by the Chief of the PNP involving
demotion or dismissal may be appealed to the
National Appellate Board within ten (10) days
from receipt thereof: Provided, furthermore, That
the regional or National Appellate Board, as the
case may be, shall decide the appeal within sixty
(60) days from receipt of the notice of appeal:
• Provided, finally, That failure of the regional
appellate board to act on the appeal within
said period shall render the decision final and
executory without prejudice, however, to the
filing of an appeal by either party with the
Secretary.
Composition of (RAB)
1. Senior Officer of the NAPOLCOM Regional
office-Chairperson
2. One (1) representative each from the PNP-
member (term of 3 years)
3. Regional Peace and Order council- Member
(term of 3 years)
Composition of the NAB:
1. Vice-chairperson and Executive Officer-
Chairperson
2. Four (4) Regular Commissioners
Cases Appealable to secretary to the SILG:
Decisions of the NAB and the RAB
Cases Appealable to the CSC:
1. Decisions of the SILG in the exercise of its appellate
jurisdiction
2. Decisions of the NAPOLCOM en banc as summary
dismissal authority
• “SEC. 47. Preventive Suspension Pending
Criminal Case. Upon the filling of a complain or
information sufficient in form and substance
against a member of the PNP for grave felonies
where the penalty imposed by law is six (6) years
and one (1) day or more, the court shall
immediately suspend the accused from office for
a period not exceeding ninety (90) days from
arraignment:
• Provided, however, That if it can be shown by
evidence that the accused is harassing the
complainant and/or witnesses, the court may
order the preventive suspension of the accused
PNP member even if the charge is punishable by
a penalty lower than six (6) years and one (1)
day: Provided, further, That the preventive
suspension shall not be more than ninety (90)
days except if the delay in the disposition of the
case is due to the fault, negligence or petitions of
the respondent:
INTERNAL AFFAIRS SERVICE (IAS) -created by RA 8551
POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE IAS:
- pro-actively conduct inspections and audits on PNP
personnel and units;
- investigate complaints and gather evidence in support of
an open investigation;
-conduct summary hearings on PNP members facing
administrative charges;
-submit a periodic report on the assessment, analysis, and
evaluation of the character and behavior of PNP personnel
and units to the Chief PNP and the Commission;
-file appropriate criminal cases against PNP members before
the court as evidence warrants and assists in the prosecution
of the case;
-provide assistance to the Office of the Ombudsman in cases
involving the personnel of the PNP;
The IAS shall also conduct, motu proprio (on its own
initiative), automatic investigation of the following cases:
-incidents where a police personnel discharges a firearm;
-incidents where death, serious physical injury, or any violation
of human rights occurred in the conduct of a police operation;
-incidents where evidence was compromised,
tampered with, obliterated, or lost while in the
custody of police personnel;
-incidents where a suspect in the custody of the
police was seriously injured; and
-incidents where the established rules of
engagement have been violated.
 ORGANIZATION OF IAS
-headed by the INSPECTOR GENERAL who is a CIVILIAN
and appointed by the President upon the recommendation
of the Director General (Chief, PNP)
-the Inspector General shall be assisted by a Deputy
Inspector General
-there shall be national, regional and provincial offices
-the national office shall be headed by the Inspector
General, the regional offices by a Director, and the
provincial offices by a Superintendent
 ENTRY QUALIFICATIONS TO IAS

-entry shall be voluntary

-PNP personnel with at least five (5) years experience in
law enforcement
-with no derogatory service record
-members of the bar may enter the service laterally
 PEOPLE’S LAW ENFORCEMENT BOARD (PLEB)
- a body created pursuant to RA 6975.
- one of the disciplinary authorities of the PNP authorized to
handle and investigate citizen’s complaint.
- the central receiving entity for any citizen’s complaint
against the PNP members.
- shall be created by the sangguniang panlungssod/bayan
in every city and municipality as may be necessary.
- there shall be at least one (1) PLEB for every five hundred
(500) city or municipal police personnel.
- membership in the PLEB is a civic duty.
 COMPOSITION OF PLEB
composed of five (5) members who shall be as follows:
-any member of the sangguniang panlungsod/bayan.
-any barangay chairman of the locality concerned.
-three other members to be chosen by the local peace and order
council from among the members of the community.
-for the three other members, the following conditions must be met:
-one must be a woman
-one must be a lawyer, or a college graduate, or the principal of an
elementary school in the locality
-the CHAIRMAN of the PLEB shall be elected from among its members
-the term of office of the members of the PLEB is THREE (3) YEARS
 PROCEDURE IN THE PLEB
the procedure shall be summary in nature, conducted in
accordance with due process but without strict regard to technical
rules of evidence
cases handled by PLEB shall be decided by majority votes of its
members
each case shall be decided within SIXTY (60) DAYS from the time
it has been filed with the PLEB
the decision of the PLEB shall become final and executory, except
for decisions involving demotion or dismissal from the service
R.A. 6975 Section 51. Powers of Local
Government Officials Over the PNP Units
or Forces. Governors and mayors shall
be deputized as representatives of the
NAPOLCOM in their respective territorial
jurisdiction.
• Provincial Governor – The provincial
governor shall choose the Provincial
Director from a list of three (3) eligible
recommended by the PNP Regional Director.
• City and Municipal Mayors – The city and
municipal mayors shall exercise operational
supervision and control (OSUC) over PNP
units in their respective jurisdiction except
during the thirty (30) day period
immediately preceding and the thirty (30)
days following any national, local and
barangay elections. During the said period,
the local police forces shall be under the
supervision and control of the Commission on
Elections.
• City and Municipal Mayors shall have the following authority over
the PNP units in their respective jurisdictions:

(i) Authority to choose the chief of police from a list of five (5)
eligibles recommended by the provincial police director, preferably
from the same province, city or municipality.

(ii) Authority to recommend the transfer, reassignment or detail of

PNP members outside of their respective city or town residences; and

(iii) Authority to recommend, from a list of eligibles previously

screened by the peace and order council, the appointment of new
members of the PNP to be assigned to their respective cities or
municipalities without which no such appointment shall be attested.
Operational Supervision and control
- means the power to direct, superintend, and oversee
the day to day functions of police investigation of
crime, crime prevention activities and traffic control.
- shall also include the power to direct the
employment and deployment of units or elements
of the PNP, through the station commander, to
ensure public safety and effective maintenance of
peace and order within the locality.
Employment -refers to utilization of units or elements of the
PNP for purposes of protection of lives and properties,
enforcement of laws, maintenance of peace and order,
prevention of crimes, arrest of criminal offenders and
bringing the offenders to justice and ensuring public safety,
particularly in the suppression of disorders, riots,
lawlessness, violence, rebellious and seditious conspiracy,
insurgency, subversion or other related activities.
Deployment - shall mean the orderly and organized physical
movement of elements or units of the PNP within the
province, city or municipality for purposes of employment
SPECIALIZED LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES
A. The National Bureau of Investigation (NBI)
The NBI is a line agency under the Department of
Justice and serves as the premier investigative agency
of government. A director heads it and with an assistant
director and six (6) deputy directors for – Special
Investigation Services (SIS); Regional operations
Services (ROS); Intelligence Services (IS); Technical
services (TS); Administrative Services (AS); and
Comptroller Services (CS). Its territorial jurisdiction is
national in scope, and its power to investigate cases
extends to all municipalities, cities and provinces of the
entire Philippine Archipelago.
Legal Basis of the National Bureau of Investigation
Commonwealth Act No. 181 (November 13, 1936) saw the inception
of the National Bureau of Investigation, called initially Division of
Investigation (patterned after the US federal Bureau of Investigation).
Republic Act No. 157 (June 19, 1947) reorganized the Division of
Investigation into the Bureau of Investigation under the Department of
Justice (DOJ).
Executive Order No. 94 (October 4, 1949) renamed the Bureau of
Investigation to National Bureau of Investigation, which remained
attached to DOJ.
Executive Order No. 292 (July 25, 1987), the Administrative Code of
1987, provided for the organizational structure and operation of the DOJ
and its attached agencies, including the NBI.
Republic Act No. 10867 (June 23, 2016), otherwise known as the
“National Bureau of Investigation Reorganization and Modernization Act.”
Powers and Functions of the National Bureau of Investigation
(S-4, R.A. 10867)
1. Undertake investigation and detection of crimes and offenses
enumerated under Section 5 hereof;
2. Issue subpoena for the appearance of any person for
investigation or production of documents, through its officers
from the ranks of Regional Director to Director;
3. Act as a national clearinghouse of criminal records and other
related information for the benefit of the government;
4. Render technical assistance to government agencies and
instrumentalities, when so requested;
5. Extend assistance in cases involving extradition and mutual
legal assistance, when requested by the Department of Justice;
Extradition – the removal of an accused from the
Philippines with the object of placing him at the
disposal of foreign authorities to enable the requesting
party hold to him in connection with any criminal
investigation directed against him or the execution of a
penalty imposed on him under the penal or criminal
law of the requesting state or government.
Mutual legal assistance treaties – provide for the
sharing of information and evidence related to criminal
investigation and prosecution, including drug trafficking
and narcotics – related money laundering. Both parties
are obligated to assist in the investigation, prosecution
and suppression of offenses in all forms of proceedings
(criminal, civil or administrative). Absent of a treaty or
executive agreement, the customary method formally
requesting assistance has been through letters of
rogatory.
6. Establish an NBI Academy which shall be responsible for the
recruitment, training and development of all NBI agents and
personnel, among others;
7. Establish and maintain a Forensic and Scientific Research Center
which shall serve as the primary center for forensic and scientific
research in furtherance of scientific knowledge in criminal
investigation, detection, evidence collection, and preservation, and
provide the necessary training therefor;
8. Establish and maintain a Cyber Investigation and Assessment
Center which shall serve as the nerve center for computer
information technologies, data on cybercrime cases, computer
intrusion, threats, and other related crimes or activities;
9. Establish and maintain an integrated, comprehensive, and state-of-
the-art network of equipment and facilities to be used by the NBI in its
criminal investigation, detection, and evidence gathering, and to
provide the corresponding training in this regard
10.Request the assistance of the Philippine National police (PNP),
Armed Forces of the Philippines, or any other agency of the
government, including government-owned and/or –controlled
corporations, in its anti-crime drive. Such assistance may include the
use of the agency’s personnel and facilities upon prior approval by the
head of the agency concerned
11. Conduct intelligence operations in furtherance of the foregoing
powers and functions;
12. Enter into any contract or transaction for the acquisition, ownership,
possession, administration, lease, disposition, or acceptance of real or
personal property in its name, subject to the approval of the Secretary
of justice;
13. Establish a modern NBI Clearance and Identification center
containing all derogatory and criminal records and civilian
identification records, including their identifying marks and
characteristics and fingerprints database, as well as dental
records under Presidential Decree No. 1575 entitled “Requiring
Practitioners of Dentistry to keep Records of Their patients”;
14. Maintain, for purposes of investigative and forensic
requirements of the NBI, relevant database such as ballistic
records of firearms including, but not limited to, data ownership,
possession, and other related identifying circumstances; and
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) databank; and
15. Perform such other functions as the President or the
Secretary of Justice may assign.
Primary Investigative Jurisdiction of the NBI (S-5, R.A. 10867)
1. Human trafficking cases in all airports in the Philippines
2. Extrajudicial/Extra-legal killings committed by the state’s
security forces against media practitioners and activists;
3. Killings of justices and judges;
4. Violation of Republic Act No. 10175, otherwise known as the
“Cybercrime Prevention Act”;
5. Cases referred by the Inter-Agency Anti-Graft Coordinating
Council (IAGCC);
6. Violations of the anti-Dummy Law; (Commonwealth Act No.
108)
To get around the Philippine land ownership rules for
example, non-citizens may arrange for a Filipino citizen
to purchase land and register the land title to the
Filipino citizen’s name, but with the agreement that the
whole right to the land belongs to the foreigner. In this
case, the Filipino citizen is the “proxy,” thus the “dummy
arrangement.”
7. Cases involving threats to security or assaults against
the persons of the President, Vice President, senate
President, Speaker of the House of Representatives, and
Chief Justice of the Supreme Court;

8. Transnational crimes pursuant to existing

international agreements;

9. Identification of the dead/victims in case of mass

fatality incidents caused by natural disasters;
10. Violations of commercial, economic, and financial or
white-collar crimes such as, but not limited to, those
punishable under Republic Act No. 8792, otherwise known
as “E-Commerce Act of 2000”; Republic Act of No. 8484,
otherwise known as “Access Devices Regulation Act of
1998”; Republic Act No. 8293, otherwise known as
“Intellectual property Code of the Philippines”; Republic Act
No. 8799, otherwise known as “Securities Regulation
Code”; Presidential Decree No. 1689, otherwise known as”
Decree increasing the Penalty for Certain Forms of Estafa,”
and other similar penal statutes that Congress may enact;
and
11. Any crime when the public interest so requires as
directed by the President or the Secretary of Justice.
Note: Once the NBI takes cognizance of any of the aforementioned cases, the
PNP and other law enforcement agencies/investigative entities shall
collaborate with and assist the NBI. In cases where jurisdiction is vested
exclusive and/or primarily with the PNP or other law enforcement
agency/investigating agency, the NBI shall collaborate with and assist the
same.

Qualification for NBI Agents(S-8, R.A. 10867)

1. Citizen of the Philippines;
2. Of good moral character;
3. A member of the Philippine Bar or a holder of a Baccalaureate Degree
who passed the necessary government licensure examination relevant to
the investigative functions of the NBI; and
4. Successfully passed the competitive mental and physical examinations
required by the NBI.
B. The Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency (PDEA)
The Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency is the lead anti-drug
law enforcement agency responsible for preventing, investigating, and
combating any dangerous drugs, controlled precursors, and essential
chemicals within the Philippines. It is headed by a Director General (DG)
with the Cabinet rank of Undersecretary, who is responsible for the general
administration and management of the agency. Two deputies Director-
General assists the Director-General with the rank of Assistant Secretary:
one for Administration (DDGA) and the other one for Operations (DDGO).
The office of the Director-General is also supported by the
Secretary for Directional Staff, Chief of Public Information Office (PIO),
Chief of Information Technology Systems Management Unit (CAMU).
The Director-General of the PDEA is responsible for the
necessary changes in the organizational set-up submitted to the DDB for
approval.
Moreover, the PDEA is consists of national staff services and regional offices to wit:
Administrative Staff
• Administrative and Human resource Service (AHRS)
• Financial Management Service (FMS)
• Logistics Management Service (LMS)
• Internal Affairs Service (IAS)
Operational Staff
• Intelligence and Investigation Service (IIS)
• Plans and Operations Service (POS)
• Legal and Prosecution Service (LPS)
• Compliance Service (CS)
• International Cooperation and Foreign Affairs Service (PECIS)
• Special Enforcement service (SES)
• Laboratory Service (LS)
Regional offices
It consists of 17 Regional Offices headed by Directors in the different regions of the
country, programs, and projects in different regions.
PDEA Academy
PDEA maintains its own PDEA Academy temporarily
located at Camp General Mariano N. Castaneda in Silang,
Cavite. The PDEA Academy is headed by a superintendent
with the rank of director. IT is responsible for the
recruitment and training of all PDEA agents and
personnel. Thus, PDEA Academy formulates basic and
specialized anti-drug training courses and career courses
for all PDEA Agents and Personnel.
Legal Basis of the Philippine Drug enforcement Agency
PDEA was established by virtue of Republic Act No. 9165, or the
Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002, on June 7, 2002, and it
took effect on July 4, 2002. The law defines more concrete courses of
action for the national anti-drug campaign, imposes heavier penalties
on offenders, and reorganized the Philippine drug law enforcement
system. While the Dangerous Drugs Board remains as the policy-
making and strategy-formulating body in planning and formulation of
policies and programs on drug control and prevention, it created the
Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency under the Office of the President.
The R.A. 9165 abolished the National Drug law Enforcement
and Prevention Coordinating Center created under Executive Order No.
61. The Narcotics Group of Philippine National Police (PNP-NG), and
the Customs Narcotics Interdiction Unit of the Bureau of Customs
(BOC-CNIU).
• Under Executive Order No. 206 dated May 15, 2003,
these law enforcement agencies have organized the
following anti-illegal drugs task force to support the
PDEA:
• Philippine National Police – Anti-Illegal Drugs Special
Operation Task Force (PNP-AIDSOTF);
• National Bureau of Investigation – Anti-Illegal Drugs task
Force (NBI-AIDTF);
• Bureau of Customs – Customs Task Group/Force in
Dangerous Drugs and Controlled Chemicals (BOC-
CTGFDDCC).
Powers and Duties of the PDEA (S-84, R.A. 9165)
1. Implement or cause the efficient and effective implementation of the national drug control
strategy formulated by the board, thereby carrying out a national drug campaign program
which shall include drug law enforcement, control, and prevention campaign with the
assistance of concerned government agencies,
2. Undertake the enforcement of the provisions of Article II of this Act relative to the unlawful
acts and penalties involving any dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor and essential
chemical and investigate all violators and other matters involved in the commission of any
crime relative to the use, abuse or trafficking of any dangerous drug and/or controlled
precursor and essential chemical as provided for in this Act and the provisions of Presidential
decree 1619;
3. Administer an oath, issue subpoena and subpoena duces tecum relative to the conduct of
investigation involving the violations of this Act;
4. Arrest and apprehend as well as search all violators and seize or confiscate the effects or
proceeds of the crimes as provided by law and take custody thereof, for this purpose, the
prosecutors and enforcement agents are authorized to possess firearms, following existing
laws;
5. Take charge and have custody of all dangerous drugs and/or controlled precursors and essential
chemicals seized, confiscated, or surrendered to any national, provincial, or local law
enforcement agency if no longer needed for purpose of evidence in court;
6. Establish forensic laboratories in each PNP office in every province and city to
facilitate action on seized or confiscated drugs, thereby hastening its destruction
without delay;
7. Recommend to the DOJ the forfeiture of properties and other assets of persons
and/or corporations found to be pertinent provisions of the Anti-Money-laundering
Act of 2001;
8. Prepare for prosecution or cause the filing of appropriate criminal and civil cases for
violation of all laws on dangerous drugs, controlled precursors and essential
chemicals, and other similar controlled substances, and assist, support, and
coordinate with other government agencies for the proper and effective prosecution
of the same;
9. Monitor and, if warranted by circumstances, in coordination with the Philippine
Postal Office and the Bureau of Customs, inspect all air cargo packages, parcels, and
mails in the central post office, which appear from the package and address itself to
be a possible importation of dangerous drugs and/or controlled precursors and
essential chemicals, through on-line or cyber shops via the internet or cyberspace;
10. Conduct eradication programs to destroy wild or illegal growth of plants from
which dangerous drugs may be extracted;
11. Initiate and undertake the formation of a nationwide organization that shall
coordinate and supervise all activities against drug abuse in every province, city,
municipality, and barangay with the active and direct participation of all such local
government units and non-governmental organizations, including the citizenry,
subject to the provisions of previously formulated programs of action against
dangerous drugs;
12. Establish and maintain a national drug intelligence system in cooperation with
law enforcement agencies, other government agencies/offices, and local
government units that will assist in its apprehension of big-time drug lords;
13. Establish and maintain close coordination, cooperation, and linkages with
international drug control and administration agencies and organizations, and
implement the applicable provisions of international conventions and agreements
related to dangerous drugs to which the Philippines is a signatory;
14. Create and maintain an efficient special enforcement unit to conduct an
investigation, file charges, and transmit evidence to the proper court, wherein
members of the said unit shall possess suitable and adequate firearms for their
protection in connection with the performance of their duties: Provided, that no
previous special permit for such possession shall be required;
15. Required all government and private hospitals, clinics, doctors, dentist, and
other practitioners to submit a report to it, in coordination with the board, about
all dangerous drugs and/or controlled precursors and essential chemicals which
they have attended to for data and information purposes;
16. Coordinate with the Board for the facilitation of the issuance of necessary
guidelines, rules, and regulations for the proper implementation of this Act; and
17. Initiate and undertake a national campaign for drug prevention and drug
control programs, where it may enlist the assistance of any department,
bureau, office, agency, or instrumentality of the government, including
government-owned and/or controlled corporations, in the anti-illegal drugs
drive, which may include the use 53 to 54 of their respective personnel,
facilities, and resources for a more persistent detection and investigation of
drug-related crimes and prosecution of the drug traffickers;
18. Submit annual and periodic reports to the Board as required from time to
time, and perform such other functions as may be authorized or required under
existing laws, as directed by the President himself/herself, or as recommended
by the congressional committees concerned.
Qualifications for PDEA Agents
1. 21-35 years old
2. 5’2” in height for males; 5’ in height for females
(With NCIP-issued Certificate of Confirmation
(COC) if under height)
3. Baccalaureate degree holder
4. Eligible for Career Service Second level Position
by (CS Professional / Board exam passer / qualified
by CSC / under special laws
C. The Philippine Coast Guard (PCG)
The Philippine Coast Guard (PCG) is an armed and uniformed
service tasked primarily with enforcing laws within Philippine waters,
conducting maritime security operations, safeguarding life and property
at sea, and protecting the marine environment and resources. It is
attached to the Department of transportation but serves as an attached
service of the Armed Forces of the Philippines in wartime.
It was used to be with the Armed Forces of the Philippines under
the Philippine Navy before it was transferred to the Department of
Transportation. The country’s third armed and uniformed service is
primarily tasked with enforcing all applicable laws within the Philippine
waters, conducting maritime security operations, safeguarding life and
property at sea, and protecting the marine environment and resources.
It currently maintains a presence throughout the archipelago, with thirteen
Coast Guard Districts, fifty-four Stations, and over one hundred ninety
Coast Guard Sub-Stations, from Basco, Batanes to Bongao, Tawi-Tawi.
It is headed by the Commandant of the Philippine Coast Guard. It
directly reports to the Secretary of Transportation in maritime law
enforcement and reports to the Chief of Navy in wartime. The Deputy
Commandant assists the commandant for Administration and the Deputy
Commandant for Operations.
Its functional command units include The Maritime Security
Command (MARSECOM), Marine Environmental Protection Command
(MEPCOM), and Maritime Safety Services Command (MSSC). Its special
operations command consists of COAST Guard Aviation Force/ Coast Guard
Air Group, Special Operations Force, and Philippine Coast Guard Auxiliary
(Civilian support group).
Philippine Coast Guard Officer’s Basic Education and Training Center
The PCG also operates the Philippine Coast Guard Officers’ Basic
education and Training Center (PCGOBETC), an officer candidate school of
PCG officer aspirants. Cadets taking the Coast Guard Officers’ Course
(CGOC) became probationary Ensigns (PENS), and after graduation, they will
be commissioned as officers in the organization.
Legal Basis
1. Republic Act 5173 of the Philippine Coast Guard Law (6August1967)
made the PCG a major unit of the Philippine Navy under a flag officer.
The PCG was activated on 10 October 1967, and its coast guard
functions were transferred from the navy.
2. Executive Order 475 (30 march 1998) separated the Coast Guard from
the Philippine Navy due to the civilian nature of its functions.
3. Executive Order 477 (15 April 1998) effectively
transferred the PCG from the Department of National
Defense to the office of the President and eventually to
the Department of Transportation and Communications
(DOTC).
4. Republic Act 9993. otherwise known as the
“Philippines Coast Guard Law of 2009” which was
established as an armed and uniformed service attached
to the Department of Transportation and
Communications (DOTC): Provided, that in times of war,
as declared by Congress, it will be or its parts thereof,
shall be attached to the department of National Defense.
Powers and Functions of the PCG (s-3, R.A. 9993)
1. To enforce regulations in accordance with all relevant maritime
international conventions, treaties or instruments and national laws
for the promotion of safety of life property at sea within the maritime
jurisdiction of the Philippines and conduct port state implementation;
2. To inspections on all merchant ships and vessels, including but shall
not be limited to inspections prior to departure, to ensure and enforce
compliance with safety standards, rules, and regulations;
3. To detain, stop or prevent a ship or vessel which does not comply with
safety standards, rules and regulations from sailing or leaving port;
4. To conduct emergency readiness evaluation on merchant marine
vessels;
5. Subject to the approval of the Secretary of the DOTC, to issue and
enforce rules and regulation for the promotion of safety and life and
property at sea on all maritime-related activities;
6. To coordinate, develop, establish, maintain and operate aids to navigation, vessel
traffic system, maritime communications and search and rescue facilities within the
maritime jurisdiction of the Philippines;
7. To remove, destroy or law to port, sunken or floating hazards to navigation,
including illegal fish and vessels, at or close to sea lanes which may cause hazards to
the marine environment;
8. To issue permits for the salvage of vessels and to supervise all marine salvage
operations, as well as prescribe and enforce rules and regulations governing the
same;
9. To render aid to persons and vessels in distress and conduct search rescue in
marine accidents within the maritime jurisdiction of the Philippines, including the
high seas, following applicable international conventions. In the performance of this
function, the PCG may enlist the services of other government agencies and the
merchant marine fleet;
10. To investigate the inquire into the causes of all maritime accidents involving
death, casualties, and damage to properties;
11. To assist in the enforcement of laws on fisheries,
immigration, tariff and customs, forestry, firearms and
explosives, human trafficking, dangerous drugs and controlled
chemicals, transnational crimes, and other applicable laws within
the maritime jurisdiction of the Philippines;

12. To board and inspect all types of merchants ships and

watercraft in the performance of these functions;

13. To enforce laws and promulgated and administered rules and

regulations for the protection of marine environment and
resources from offshore sources of pollution within the maritime
jurisdiction of the Philippines;
14. To develop oil spill response, containment, and recovery
capabilities against ship-based pollution;

15. To grant, within the capabilities and consistent with its

mandate, requests for assistance of other government agencies
in the performance of their functions;

16. To organize, train and supervise the PCG Auxiliary (PCGA) to

assist the PCG in carrying out its mandated functions; and

17. To perform such other functions that may be necessary for

attaining the objectives of this Act (RA 9993)
Ranking System
PCG’s line personnel is classified into Commissioned Officer Ranks and Non-
Commissioned Officer Ranks to wit;
Commissioned Officer Ranks
1. Admiral (ADM) – General
2. Vice Admiral (VADM) – Lieutenant General
3. Rear Admiral (RADM) – Major General
4. Commodore (COMMO) – Brigadier general
5. Captain (CAPT) – Colonel
6. Commander (CDR) – Lieutenant Colonel
7. Lieutenant Commander (LCDR) – Major
8. Lieutenant (LT) – Captain
9. Lieutenant Junior Grade (LTJG) – 1st Lieutenant
10. Ensign (ENS) – 2nd Lieutenant
11. Probationary Ensign (P/ENS) – Trainee Rank or awaiting for
Commission ship/Probationary 2nd Lieutenant
Non-Commissioned Officer/Enlisted Ranks
1. First Master Chief Petty officer (FMCPO) – First Chief master Sergeant
2. Master Chief Petty officer (MCPO) – Chief Master Sergeant
3. Senior Chief Petty officer (SCPO) – Senior Master Sergeant
4. Chief Petty officer (CPO) – Master Sergeant
5. Petty officer 1st Class (PO1) – Technical Sergeant
6. Petty officer 2nd Class (PO2) – Staff Sergeant
7. Petty Officer 3rd Class (PO3) – Sergeant
8. Seaman First Class (SN1) – Corporal
9. Seaman Second Class (SN2) – Private First Class
10. Apprentice Seaman (ASN) – Private
11. Candidate Coast Guardsman (CCGM) – Candidate Soldier
Qualification for PCG Personnel
Commission ship/Officer
1. Natural born citizen of the Philippines with good moral character
2. 21-24 years old on the date of the examination
3. Single
4. Minimum height of 5’0 for male and female
5. Baccalaureate degree holder
6. With Professional Civil Service Eligibility with a rating of 82% and
above or with PRC license
7. Physically and mentally qualified
8. Has passed the PCG Aptitude Battery Test for Commission ship
Enlist/Non-Officer
1. Natural born citizen of the Philippines with good moral character
2. 18-26 years old on the date of the examination
3. Single
4. Minimum height of 5’0
5. Physically and mentally qualified under the existing regulation of the
Coast Guard Service
6. College graduate or has earned 72 units in only one course as
reflected in the TOR; OR Senior High School Graduate provided that
he/she has completed the TESDA course relevant to the PCG
mandates
7. Has passed the PCG Aptitude Battery Test
C. The Bureau of Immigration and Deportation (BID)
The BID is the immigration regulatory and control body of the
Philippines. The Philippine Immigration Act was established in 1940 (CA no.
613) under the administrative supervision of the Office of the President. A
year or so later, it became an attached agency of the Department of
Justice. Later, its administrative control was returned to the Office of the
President. In 1948, the Bureau was reverted to the jurisdiction of the
department of Justice, where it has remained up to the present time.
It is composed of the commissioner and his two associate
commissioners. The bureau was given the sole authority to enforce and
administer immigration and foreign nationals registration laws, including
the admission, registration, exclusion and deportation, and repatriation of
foreign nationals. It also supervises the immigration from the Philippines of
foreign nationals.
• On July 25, 1987, President Corazon C. Aquino signed
Executive order no. 292, also known as the
Administrative Code of 1987. Said order renamed the
office “Bureau of immigration.” It continues, however,
to perform all the powers and functions it had while
still a commission and its head of office remain to be
called commissioner as provided under DOJ.
GENERAL FUNCTIONS
1. Acts as the primary enforcement arm of the Department of
Justice and the President of the Philippines in ensuring that all
foreigners within its territorial jurisdiction comply with
existing laws;
2. Assists local and international law enforcement agencies in
securing the tranquility of the state against foreigners whose
presence or stay may be deemed threats to national security,
public safety, public morals, and public health; and
3. Acts as a chief repository of all immigration records on entry,
temporary sojourn, admission, residence, and departure of all
foreigners in the country.
SPECIFIC FUNCTIONS
In the discharge of its broad functions, the Bureau through its Board of
Commissioners exercises administrative and quasi-judicial powers over the:
1. Regulation of the entry (arrival), stay (sojourn), and exit (departure) of foreign
nationals in the country;
2. Monitoring of the entry and exit of Filipino citizens in compliance with
Philippine laws and other legal procedures;
3. Issuance of immigration documents and identification certifications on non-
immigrant, immigrant, and special non-immigrant visas;
4. Issuance of special permits in relation to the enforcement of immigration laws
(e.g., special Work Permit (SWP), provisional Permit to Work (PPW), Special
Study Permit (SSP), re-entry permits, clearances, etc.);
5. Extension of stay of temporary visitors and implementation of changes of
status as provided by law;
6. Administrative determination of citizenship and related status;
7. Investigation, hearing, decision, and execution of orders on exclusion,
deportation, and repatriation of foreign nationals;
8. Implementation of Hold Departure Orders, Blacklist, Watch list,
Immigration Lookout Bulletin Orders and Alert List Orders;
9. Cancellation of immigration documents upon violation of immigration
laws and procedures;
10. The investigation, arrests, and detention of foreigners in violation of
immigration regulation and other Philippine laws;
11. Accreditation of schools and learning institutions that can officially
accept and enroll foreign students; and
12. Accreditation of law firms, liaison officers, travel agencies, and other
individuals and organizations transacting with the Bureau of Immigration
Qualifications for Immigration officers
1. Less than 36 years old
2. Civil Service Professional Eligibility
3. Of good moral character
4. Must pass the qualifying exams
5. Physically fit to undergo intensive training
6. College degree from a reputable school
E. AIRPORT POLICE DEPARTMENT (APD)
The Manila International Airport Authority (MIAA) is a government
agency responsible for managing the Ninoy Aquino International Airport
(NAIA). It is organized as a government-owned and controlled corporation
under the Department of Transportation and Communication (DOTC) as
an attached agency. It was created under Executive Order (EO) 778
(s.1982), otherwise known as the (Charter of the Manila International
Airport Authority). It was originally tasked to, among others, formulate a
comprehensive and integrated policy and program for Manila
International Airport (Now the Ninoy Aquino International Airport) and
other airports in the Philippines, and to implement review and upgrade
such policy and program periodically; and control, supervise, contract,
maintain, operate and provide such as facilities or services as shall be
necessary for its efficient functioning.
Functions, Powers and Duties of MIAA (S-5, EO 778)
1. Formulate, in coordination with the Bureau of Air Transportation and
other appropriate government agencies, a comprehensive and
integrated policy and program for the AIRPORT and other airports in the
Philippines, subject to the approval of the Minister of Transportation
and Communications, and to implement, review and upgrade such
policy and program periodically;
2. Control, supervise, construct, maintain, operate and provide such
facilities or services as shall be necessary for the efficient functioning of
the AIRPORT;
3. Promulgate rules and regulations governing the planning, development,
maintenance, operation, and improvement of the AIRPORT, and to
control and supervise the construction of any structure or the rendition
of any service within the AIRPORT;
4. Sue and be sued in its corporate name;
5. Adopt and use a corporate seal;
6. Succeed by its corporate name;
7. Adopt its By-Laws, and to amend or repeal the same from time
to time;
8. Execute or enter into contracts of any kind or nature;
9. Inquire, purchase, own, administer, lease, mortgage, sell or
otherwise dispose of any land, building, airport facility, or
property of whatever kind and nature, whether movable or
immovable or any interest therein;
10 Exercise the power of eminent domain in the pursuit of its
purposes and objectives;
11. Levy and collect dues, charges , fees or assessment for the use of the AIRPORT
premises, works, appliances, facilities or concessions, or for any service provided by
the AUTHORITY, subject to the approval of the Minister of transportation &
Communications in consultation with the Minister of Finance;
12. Invest its idle funds, as it may deem proper, in government securities and other
evidence of indebtedness;
13. Provide services, whether on its own or otherwise, within the AIRPORT and the
approaches thereof, which shall include but shall not be limited to the following:
• aircraft movement and allocation of parking areas of aircraft on the ground;
• loading or unloading on aircraft;
• passenger handling and other service directed towards the care, convenience,
and security of passengers, visitors, and other airport users; and
• sorting, weighing, measuring, warehousing, or handling of baggage and goods.
14. Perform such other acts and transact such other business,
directly or indirectly necessary, incidental or conducive to the
attainment of the purposes and objectives of the AUTHORITY,
including the adoption of necessary measures to remedy
congestion in the AIRPORT; and

15. Exercise all the powers of a corporation under the

Corporation Law, insofar as these powers are not inconsistent
with the provisions of this Executive Order.
Police Authority Exercised by the MIAA (S-5, EO 778).
The MIAA has the power to exercise such police
authority as may be necessary within its premises or area
of operation to carry out its functions and attain its
purposes and objectives, WITHOUT PREJUDICE to the
exercise of functions within the same premises by the
Ministry of National Defense through the aviation
Security Command (AVSECOM) as provided in LO1 961;
PROVIDED, it may request the assistance of law
enforcement agencies, including a request for deputation
as may be required.
Such police authority shall be exercise in connection with the
following, among others:
1. Maintenance of security to passengers, cargoes, aircraft, airport
equipment, structures, facilities, personnel, funds, and documents;
2. Regulating the entry to, exit from, and movement within the
AIRPORT;
3. Maintenance of peace and order within the premises of the
AUTHORITY in coordination with local police authorities and other
authorized peace-keeping entities within the AIRPORT;
4. Regulation and supervision of private security agencies operating
in the Airport; and
5. Enforcement of rules and regulations promulgated by the
Authority under law.
Ranking System
Ranks for official personnel
• Airport Police Senior Superintendent
• Airport Police Superintendent
• Airport Police Chief Inspector
• Airport Police Senior Inspector
• Airport Police inspector
Ranks for non-official personnel
• Airport Police officer III
• Airport Police Officer II
• Airport Police Officer I
Qualifications Standards for MIAA Police Personnel:
1. B.S. Criminology Graduate
2. Career Service Professional Eligible or RA 1080
3. Male and Female ages must not be less than 21 nor more than 29 years old.
4. Height-Male 1.40 meters (5’5”)
5. Height-Female 1.35 meters (5’3”)
6. Weight not more or less than 5kgs from standards weight corresponding to his/her height, age, gender.
•THANK YOU
AND
GOD BLESS YOU ALL
FUTURE CRIMINOLOGIST!!