LEA 2

COMPARATIVE MODELS IN
POLICING
COURSE DESCRIPTION

INSTRUCTOR: MS. POLICARPIO

 LEA 2- COMPARATIVE MODELS IN POLICING

COURSE DESCRIPTION: This course provides an overview of the

different Policing Systems in other countries including its strategies
in Crime Prevention and Crime. The investigation, and the respect
of human rights, personnel qualifications, recruitment, and
training. The Philippine extradition treaty with other countries, and
the INTERPOL, the international cooperation in the policing of
transnational crimes and criminals.
 CO U RS E O U T L I N E :
CO N T E N T

⮚ Importance of Policing in social life, its goals, and roles of the police in the affairs of the
state/government.
⮚ Theories of Comparative Policing.
⮚ Models of Policing.
⮚ Policing in a Multicultural Society.
⮚ Policing system in; Japan, US, Canada, Australia, UAE, China, UK, and other countries.
⮚ Philippine Policing, Extradition Treaty, and international agreements on Law Enforcement
Cooperation.
⮚ Philippine Transnational Crime, ASEAN cooperation, and the INTERPOL.
 INTRODUCTION TO
COMPARATIVE MODELS OF
POLICING

LECTURE 1
 “This course provides an overview of the
different Policing Systems in other countries
including its strategies in Crime Prevention
WHAT IS THE SUBJECT
and Crime.” ALL ABOUT?
 UNDERSTANDING POLICING
SYSTEM…

Policing
– is the practice for the maintenance of peace and order, law
enforcement and for the security of the community.
- It is the methods practice by police officers for the maintenance of
peace and order.
-the people of the department of people who enforce the law,
ORIGIN OF
investigate THE
crime andWORD “POLICE”
make arrest.(dictionary)
POLIS
-the – Ancient
Police Greekofword
are an agency which
the state, means city
government and
POLITEIAthat
community – Greek wordresponsible
is primarily which means government
for maintaining of
public
WHAT/
the city
order WHO IS POLICE OR
and preventing and detecting crime. (cjs) LAW
POLITIA
-The term police
ENFORCEMENT?
– Roman
refersword which
to a body of means condition
civil authority, whichofis
the state
tasked or government
to maintain peace and order, enforce the law, protect
lives and properties
POLICE – Frenchand insure
word public
which was safety.
later adopted by
the English language.
 POLICE

- A police service is a public force

empowered to enforce the law and
to ensure public and social order
through the legitimized use of force.

“Police is the public and the public is

the police”- Sir Robert Peels
 UNDERSTANDING POLICING
SYSTEM…

THEORIES OF POLICE SERVICE

• Continental = is the theory of police service which maintains that police

officers are servants of higher authorities. This theory prevails in the
continental countries like France, Italy and Spain.

• Home Rule = the theory of police service which states that police officers
are servants of the community or the people. This theory prevails in
England and United States. It is also the police service which prevails in
country with decentralized form of government. This is likewise the police
service theory that should prevail in the Philippines based on the existing
laws, concepts and principles.
 UNDERSTANDING POLICING
SYSTEM…

CONCEPT OF POLICE SERVICE

• Old police service
• Modern police service
 CONCEPT OF POLICE SERVICE

Old police service

states that the yardstick
of police proficiency relies
on the number of arrests
made.
 CONCEPT OF POLICE SERVICE

Modern police service

states that the yardstick
of police proficiency relies
on the absence of crime.
 MODELS OF POLICING
ACCORDING TO STRUCTURE

1. CENTRALIZED POLICING SYSTEM

- A system wherein there is only one police force that is recognized and operates an
entire certain country.

2. DECENTRALIZED POLICING SYSTEM

- A police system wherein police administration and operation are independent of
one state to another. It is more applicable to countries with the federal government.
 COMPARATIVE POLICE SYSTEM

Process of outlining the similarities and differences of one

police system to another in order to discover insights in the
field of international policing.
It is the science and art of investigating and comparing the
police system of nations. It covers the study of police
organizations, trainings, and methods of policing of various
nations.
-package of the transnational flow of people, production,
investment, information, ideas and authority.
-the growing interpenetration of states, markets,
communication, and ideas.
GLOBALIZATION
-The process of creating transnational markets, politics,
and legal systems in an effort to form and sustain a global
economy.
GLOBALIZATION
1.The facilitation of transnational crimes and criminals can be easily
achieved.
2. There is a need for transnational policing. The cooperation among police
organizations in the world is vital.
EFFECTS
3. Training instructions OF GLOBALIZATION
for incoming law enforcement officers must include
advance computer TO LAWthem
to prepare ENFORCEMENT
as cyber cops so they can be better
prepared to deal with cyber crimes.
4. Development of new strategies to deal with international organized crimes
is a must.
5. Provisions of law enforcement with updated legislations related to
modernization theories of crime.
 THREATS OF GLOBALIZATION ON LAW
ENFORCEMENT:

1. Increasing volume of human rights violations evident

by genocide or mass killing.
2. The underprivileged gain unfair access to global
mechanisms on law enforcement and security.
3. Conflict between nations.
4. Transnational criminal networks for drug trafficking,
money laundering, terrorism, etc
 THREATS OF GLOBALIZATION ON LAW
ENFORCEMENT:

Crime Areas 8. Fugitive Investigation

1. Corruption 9. Maritime piracy
2. Crimes against children 10. Organized crimes
3. Cyber crime 11. Pharmaceutical Crime
4. Drugs 12. Terrorism
5. Environmental crime 13. Trafficking in Human Beings
6. Financial crime 14. Trafficking in illicit goods
7. Firearms 15. Vehicle Crime
 PHILIPPINE EXPERIENCE

• Human Trafficking and Smuggling

• Money Laundering
• Small Arms and Light Weapons
• Terrorism
• Drug Trafficking
• Sexual Slavery
• Cyber Crime