Eps topik from Victorious Ph

Most Basic Korean Particles

은/는 – Topic particles
이/가 – Subject Particles
을/를 – Object particles
에/에서 – In, at
에 – To
에서 – From
에서 – From (Place)
부터 – From (Time)
까지 – To/till (Place)
에게/한테 – To (someone)
에게서/한테서 – From (someone)

와/과/하고/랑 – And
(Connect two things)

나/(이)나 = Either/Or
로/(으)로 = To/Towards (direction) with (tool/method)

의 – of/’s (belongs to)

도 – also/too

Most Basic Korean Verb Endings

입니다,
이에요/예요 – Is/am/are
있다 – To have, To exist
없다 – Not to have, To not exist

V + 아요/어요 or ㅂ니다/습니다
= Present tense verb ending.

V + 았어요/었어요
= Past Tense Verb Ending.

V + 겠어요 and V + (으)ㄹ 거예요

= Future Tense Ending.
V + 지 않아요/ 않았어요/않을 거예요
= Negative Verb Endings
(Don’t, Didn’t, Won’t)

V + 지 못 해요/ 했어요/할 거예요

= Negative Verb Endings
(Can’t, Couldn’t, Won’t be able to)

안/못 + Verb안 + V + Ending

= Do Not

못 + V + Ending
= Cannot

V + 죠/지요 = Isn’t it?

(used for confirmation)

잖아요 = As you know / You know that …..

V + 고 있다 = V + ing
V + 고 싶다 = Want to V

V+ (으)세요/십시오
= Please do.. / Making a Request

V + 아/어 보다 = To try doing …

V + 아/어 주다 = To do for someone

Adj+아/어지다 = To become/get …

-(으)ㄹ 수 있다/없다 = Can/Can’t

-(으)ㄹ까요? = Shall we ..?
-(으)ㅂ시다 = Let’s do ..
V + 게 됐어요 = Happened to do
V + 아야/어야 해요 and
V + 아야/어야 돼요 have to/ need to / must Do ..

-아도/어도 돼요 (It’s ok to …)
(Asking for/granting permission
(으)면 돼요 (You just have to…),
You can, just do...

(으)려고 하다 = Intend/Plan to do something

(으)기로 했어요 = Decided to do..

Modifiers – V + (으)ㄴ – Past; V + 는 =Present

V + (으)ㄹ = future
Adj. + (으)ㄴ

V/Adj + Modifier + 것 같아요

= It seems like, looks like

-라고/다고/자고/냐고 하다
= Indirect Speech

Most Basic Korean Connectors

V + 고 + V – V + and + Verb
V + 지만 – I do V But
N 보다 – Than N
V + 아서/어서 – And (Sequence), So (Reason)
N + 때문에 and V + 기 때문에 = Because, So
(Used to express reason)

V + (으)니까 – Because, So (Used to express reason but mainly with commands, request or
proposals)

Adj + (으)ㄴ데 and V + 는데 – but…, Used to express background information.

V + (으)러 – in order to do .., For doing … (Used with verbs come/go)

V + (으)려고 + Verb – To do … in order to do .. (Can be used with any verb)
N + 때 and V – (으)ㄹ 때 – At the time of …, When..
Time + 동안 – During .., For the duration of ..
V + (으)면 – If, When

V + 았/었으면 좋겠다
= I hope/wish/desire

V+ (으)면서 – While doing ...

V + 기 전에 – Before doing …
V + (으)ㄴ 후에 – After doing ...

N + 에 대해서/대해 + Verb and N + 에 대한 + Noun – About something

N + 을/를 위해서/위해 and V + 기 위해서/위해 – In order to do, For the sake of
그리고 – and
그래서 – So
그러면 – Then, In that case
그러니까 – That’s why, For that reason
그러나, 그런데, 그렇지만, 하지만 – But