THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEM

Mini Project Report for Sensor Lab

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
By

1. Akash Pandey (82)

2. Naveen Pandey (83)
3. Om Pathak (88)
4. Harsh Patil (91)

Under the Supervision of

Prof. Nagaveni Hebbar

Department of Information Technology

Thadomal Shahani Engineering College,

Adv. Nari Gurshahani Marg, TPS III, Off Linking Rd, Bandra West, Mumbai, Maharashtra
400050
 CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the Mini Project entitled “THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEM” is a
bona-fide work of Akash pandey(82) , Naveen Pandey(83), Om Pathak (88), Harsh Patil (91)
submitted to the University of Mumbai in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the
degree of “Bachelor of Engineering” in “Information Technology”.

Prof. Nagaveni Hebbar

(Supervisor)

Dr. Mukesh Israni Dr. G.T. THAMPI

(Head of the Department) (Principal)
 MINI PROJECT APPROVAL
This Mini Project entitled “THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEM” by GROUP of Akash
pandey(82) , Naveen Pandey(83), Om Pathak (88), Harsh Patil (91) is approved for the degree
of Bachelor of Engineering in Information Technology.

• Examiners:

1………………………………………
(Internal Examiner Name & Sign)

2…………………………………………
(External Examiner name & Sign)

• DATE:
• PLACE:
 ABSTRACT

Automation of farm activities can transform agricultural domain from being manual and static to
intelligent and dynamic leading to higher production with lesser human supervision.Internet Of
Things (IOT) is a shared network of objects or things which can interact with each other and
provide the internet connectivity. IOT plays an important role in agriculture industry. Smart
agriculture helps to reduce wastage, effective usage of fertilizer and thereby increase the crop yield.

In this work, a system is developed to monitor crop-field using sensors (soil moisture) and automate
the irrigation system.These sensors are connected to AurdinoUNO which can receive the sensor
data and transmit it . The micro controller will analyze the sensor data and determine the amount of
water needed for irrigation.

The amount of water required for the field is based on the type of crop, duty and delta. It also sends
control signal to the Relays. The micro controller can also transmit the data to web server. By using
web application the data can be read from the web server and analyzed and then control commands
can be sent to the micro controller through internet.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 INTRODUCTION 3

1.2 PROBLEM DEFINITION 3

1.3 PROPOSED SOLUTION 4

Chapter 2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE

2.1 LITERATURE SURVEY 5

2.2 VARIOUS IoT DEVICES & SENSORS

2.2.1 ARDUINO UNO 5

2.2.2 SOIL MOISTURE SENSOR 6

2.2.3 HUMIDITY TEMPERATURE SENSOR 6

2.2.4 BLUETOOTH MODULE 7

2.2.5 LED DISPLAY 7

2.2.6 RELAY MODULE 7

2.2.7 MINI SUBMERSIBLE PUMP 8
2.2.8 WATER LEVEL SENSOR 8

2.3 REAL WORLD PROBLEMS 9

2.4 EXISTING SOLUTIONS 9

Chapter 3 DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION

3.1 SYSTEM DESIGN 11

3.2 FLOW CHART 11

3.3 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM 12

Chapter 4 IMPLEMENTATION

4.1 IMPLEMENTATION 13

4.2 CODE 123

Chapter 5 CONCLUSION

5.1 CONCLUSION 19

5.2 FUTURE SCOPE 19

Chapter 6 REFRENCES 20

1
 LIST OF FIGURES

Fig No Description

2.2 (a) Arduino Uno 5

2.2 (b) Soil Moisture sensor 6

2.2 (c) Humidity Temperature sensor (DHT22) 6

2.2 (d) Bluetooth Module 7

2.2 (e) Relay Module 7

2.2 (f) Mini Submersible Pump 8

2.2 (g) Water level Sensor 8

3.1 (a) System design 11

3.2 (a) Flow chart of implementation 11

3.3 (a) Circuit Diagram 12

2
 CHAPTER - 1

1.1 INTRODUCTION
India is one of the countries which have largest population in the world. Agriculture is the most
important source of income in India to maintain good economy. In India agriculture provides
employment to almost 70% of the population and it is the cause of 25% GDP.As increasing the
agriculture in country, government is providing some online facilities and some service providers
to the farmers to maintain good agricultural profits.

Most of the farmers are facing a major problem with water. Irrigation plays an important role in
agriculture. To overcome this water deficiency in country we have to save it as we can.
Unnecessary irrigation should be avoided. They irrigate the land at particular time. The previous
survey farming uses almost 80% of fresh water world. If it is continued world has to face many
water deficiency problems according to the demand of food for increasing population.

We have to manage the water by irrigating properly. For this smart irrigation helps a lot. By
arranging some useful sensors like temperature, humidity, soil moisture sensors will find the
percent of moisture in soil. Then if the moisture percent is low, we can switch ON the motor
remotely and OFF when it maintains a sufficient percent.

1.2 PROBLEM DEFINITION

The challenge within traditional irrigation systems lies in their inefficiency, manual monitoring
requirements, and lack of real-time data. To overcome these obstacles, the project aims to develop
a Remote Irrigation System using IoT technology. This system will revolutionize agriculture by
providing farmers with a sophisticated yet accessible tool to manage irrigation remotely.

3
At its core, the system will utilize soil moisture sensors integrated with IoT devices to continuously
monitor soil moisture levels in real-time. By gathering this data, farmers can make informed
decisions about when and how much to irrigate, thereby optimizing water usage and reducing
waste. Additionally, the system will incorporate weather forecasting data to adjust irrigation
schedules based on predicted rainfall and temperature conditions, further enhancing efficiency.

Key features include remote control capabilities via a user-friendly mobile application or web
interface, automated irrigation scheduling algorithms, and data analytics to analyze historical
irrigation data for better crop management. Moreover, the system will be designed to be
cost-effective, ensuring accessibility for small-scale farmers who may have limited financial
resources.

1.3 PROPOSED SOLUTION

The proposed solution for the Remote Irrigation System project incorporating moisture sensors and
a pump operable via a Bluetooth module involves integrating hardware and software components
for efficient remote irrigation management. Soil moisture sensors are installed in the fields to
monitor soil moisture levels, while a water pump is connected to a microcontroller, such as
Arduino . Additionally, a Bluetooth module is integrated with the microcontroller controlling the
water pump for wireless communication.

On the software side, firmware is developed to enable the microcontroller to read data from the
moisture sensors and control the water pump. Bluetooth communication protocols are implemented
to facilitate remote operation of the pump through a mobile application. The mobile application
provides farmers with real-time data visualization of soil moisture levels and allows for manual
pump control and automated irrigation scheduling.

Thorough testing ensures the reliability and responsiveness of the remote pump control
functionality before deployment in agricultural fields. Farmers receive training on system
operation and maintenance, and procedures are established for ongoing monitoring,
troubleshooting, and software updates to ensure optimal performance. This solution empowers
farmers to remotely manage irrigation, promote water conservation, and enhance crop yields
effectively.

4
 CHAPTER - 2

2.1 Literature Survey

● IOT BASED SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEM Srishti Rawal(2017)
A system to monitor moisture levels in the soil was designed and the project provided
an opportunity to study the existing systems, along with their features and drawbacks.
The proposed system can be used to switch on/off the water sprinkler according to soil
moisture levels thereby automating the process of irrigation.Information from the sensors
is regularly updated on a webpage using GSM-GPRS SIM900A modem through which a
farmer can check whether the water sprinklers are ON/OFF at any given time. Also, the
sensor readings are transmitted to a Thing speak channel to generate graphs for analysis.

● ARDUINO BASED SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEM USING IOT R.Nandhini1,

The main objective of this smart irrigation system is to make it more innovative, user
friendly, time saving and more efficient than the existing system. Measuring four param-
eters such as soil moisture, temperature, humidity and pH values and the system also
includes intruder detecting system. Due to server updates farmer can know about crop
field nature at anytime, anywhere.

2.2 WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY USED

2.2.1 Arduino Uno -

The Arduino Uno is a popular microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P chip. It has 14
digital input/output pins, 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz quartz crystal, USB connection, power jack,
and ICSP header. It's versatile, easy to use, and suitable for a wide range of projects, from simple
LED blinking to complex robotics. Programmed using the Arduino IDE, it supports C and C++
languages. With a vibrant community and extensive documentation, it's perfect for beginners and
experienced makers alike. Its compact size, affordability, and compatibility with various sensors
and modules make it a cornerstone in the world of electronics prototyping.

5
Fig. 2.2 (a) - Arduino Uno
2.2.2 Soil Moisture Sensor (FC-28)-

Soil moisture sensors measure the water content in the soil, providing crucial data for automated
irrigation systems. They help optimize watering schedules by ensuring plants receive just the
right amount of moisture, improving plant health and conserving water
.

Fig. 2.2 (b) - Soil Moisture sensor

2.2.3 Humidity Temperature sensor (DHT22)-

A temperature sensor is a device, typically, a thermocouple or resistance temperature detector,

that provides temperature measurement in a readable form through an electrical signal.

6
Fig. 2.2 (c) - Humidity Temperature sensor (DHT22)

2.2.4 Bluetooth module(HC-05) -

Bluetooth module (Bluetooth module) refers to the basic circuit set of the chip with integrated
Bluetooth function, used for short-range 2.4G wireless communication module. For the end user,
the Bluetooth module is a semi-finished product.

Fig. 2.2 (d) - Bluetooth Module

2.2.5 LED Display -

A LED display is a flat panel display that uses an array of light-emitting diodes as pixels for a
video display. Their brightness allows them to be used outdoors where they are visible in the sun
for store signs and billboards.

2.2.6 Relay Module-

A single channel relay module in automatic water irrigation systems controls the activation and
deactivation of water pumps or valves based on preset conditions, ensuring precise and timely
delivery of water to plants.

7
Fig. 2.2 (e) - Relay Module

2.2.6 Mini Submersible Pump-

In a smart irrigation system, capacitive soil moisture sensors, such as the Capacitive Soil Moisture
Sensor v1.2, play a crucial role in monitoring soil moisture levels accurately. This data is then
utilized to regulate the operation of submersible pumps, like the DC 3V-5V Mini Submersible
Pump, ensuring optimal water usage for plant growth while conserving resources. Through
intelligent automation, these components work together to create an efficient irrigation solution,
enhancing crop yield and sustainability.

Fig. 2.2 (f) - Mini Submersible Pump

2.2.6 Water level Sensor-

A water level sensor is an essential component in smart irrigation systems, providing real-time
measurement of water levels in tanks or reservoirs. Utilizing technologies such as ultrasonic or

8
capacitive sensing, these sensors ensure precise monitoring, enabling automated control of water
flow to optimize irrigation efficiency and prevent over- or under-watering of plants.

Fig. 2.2 (g) -Water level Sensor-

2.3 REAL WORLS PROBLEMS

Real-world problems the remote irrigation system project aims to address include:

Water Management Challenges: Inefficient irrigation practices lead to water wastage,

exacerbating water scarcity issues and increasing operational costs for farmers.

Labor Intensity: Manual irrigation monitoring and control require significant labor
resources, limiting productivity and scalability for farmers, especially in large agricultural
operations.

Inconsistent Crop Growth: Inadequate or excessive irrigation can result in inconsistent

crop growth, leading to reduced yields, lower quality produce, and financial losses for
farmers.

Limited Access to Technology: Small-scale farmers often lack access to advanced

irrigation technologies due to cost barriers, hindering their ability to optimize water usage
and improve crop productivity.

Environmental Impact: Inefficient irrigation practices contribute to environmental

degradation, including soil erosion, depletion of water resources, and pollution from runoff
containing fertilizers and pesticides.

By addressing these challenges, the remote irrigation system project aims to promote
sustainable agricultural practices, enhance water efficiency, and improve farmers'
livelihoods.

9
2.4 EXISTING SOLUTIONS

Traditional Finger Pulse Oximeters: Traditional finger pulse oximeters are widely used in
healthcare settings and are available for home use as well. These devices typically consist
of a probe that is placed on the fingertip to measure pulse rate and blood oxygen
saturation levels. They are portable, easy to use, and provide accurate readings, making
them a common choice for individuals monitoring their respiratory health at home.
Existing solutions for remote irrigation systems often incorporate IoT technology to
optimize water usage and enhance crop yield. These solutions typically integrate soil
moisture sensors, weather data, and automated control mechanisms to efficiently manage
irrigation operations. Some systems utilize wireless sensor networks (WSNs) and
cloud-based platforms for real-time data monitoring and analysis, enabling remote access
and control via mobile applications or web interfaces. Additionally, machine learning
algorithms may be employed to predict irrigation requirements based on historical data and
environmental conditions. Commercial offerings from companies like Netafim, CropX, and
Ranch Systems provide comprehensive solutions with customizable features for various
agricultural applications. These systems offer benefits such as water conservation, labor
savings, and improved crop health, making them increasingly popular among farmers
seeking to modernize their irrigation practices and optimize resource utilization.

10
 CHAPTER – 3

3.1 SYSTEM DESIGN

Fig 3.1 (a) - System design

The above diagram shows how all the components in the system interact with each other
3.2 FLOW CHART

Fig. 3.2 (a) - Flow chart of implementation

11
3.3 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Fig 3.3 (a) - Circuit Diagram

12
 CHAPTER – 4

4.1 IMPLEMENTATION
The implementation of the remote irrigation system involves setting up moisture sensors in
agricultural fields to monitor soil moisture levels. These sensors are connected to
microcontrollers, which are also linked to a water pump equipped with a Bluetooth module for
remote operation. Software development entails programming the microcontrollers to read sensor
data and control the pump, along with creating a mobile application with Bluetooth connectivity
for remote pump control. Thorough testing is conducted to ensure system reliability before
deployment in agricultural fields. Additionally, user training is provided for system operation, and
ongoing maintenance is essential for optimal performance.

4.2 CODE

//////////////////////////////////////////////

// RemoteXY include library //

//////////////////////////////////////////////

// you can enable debug logging to Serial at 115200

//#define REMOTEXY__DEBUGLOG

// RemoteXY select connection mode and include library

#define REMOTEXY_MODE__SOFTSERIAL

#include <SoftwareSerial.h>

// RemoteXY connection settings

#define REMOTEXY_SERIAL_RX 2

#define REMOTEXY_SERIAL_TX 3

#define REMOTEXY_SERIAL_SPEED 9600

13
 #include <RemoteXY.h>

// RemoteXY configurate

#pragma pack(push, 1)

uint8_t RemoteXY_CONF[] = // 149 bytes

{ 255,1,0,44,0,142,0,17,0,0,0,31,1,200,92,1,1,10,0,2,

15,59,43,17,1,2,26,31,31,79,78,0,79,70,70,0,67,70,6,40,

10,4,2,26,11,67,156,17,40,10,4,2,26,11,129,6,6,48,12,1,

72,117,109,105,100,105,116,121,0,129,116,20,23,9,189,116,
101,109,112,32,

0,67,154,42,40,10,4,2,26,11,129,100,43,49,8,233,83,111,10
5,108,

32,77,111,105,115,116,117,114,101,32,0,67,148,60,40,10,4,
2,26,11,

129,79,60,59,12,134,87,97,116,101,114,32,108,101,118,101,
108,0,129,20,

46,31,12,189,112,117,109,112,0 };

#include <DHT.h>

#include <Wire.h>

#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>

//Constants

#define DHTPIN 4 // what pin the DHT22 Data is connected

to

#define DHTTYPE DHT22 // DHT 22 (AM2302)

DHT dht(DHTPIN, DHTTYPE); //// Initialize DHT sensor for

normal 16mhz Arduino

14
LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27, 16, 2); // I2C address 0x27,
16 column and 2 rows

//Variables

double hum; //Stores humidity value

double temp; //Stores temperature value

double tempF;

int soil_moisture = A0;

int rain_level = A1;

int pump = 9;

double moisture = 0;

double rainlevel = 0;

// this structure defines all the variables and events of

your control interface

struct {

// input variables

uint8_t switch_01; // =1 if switch ON and =0 if OFF

// output variables

char text_01[11]; // string UTF8 end zero

char text_02[11]; // string UTF8 end zero

char text_03[11]; // string UTF8 end zero

char text_04[11]; // string UTF8 end zero

// other variable

uint8_t connect_flag; // =1 if wire connected, else =0

} RemoteXY;

15
 #pragma pack(pop)

/////////////////////////////////////////////

// END RemoteXY include //

/////////////////////////////////////////////

void setup()

RemoteXY_Init ();

Serial.begin(9600);

lcd.init(); // initialize the lcd

lcd.backlight();

lcd.setBacklight(LOW);

Serial.begin(9600);

dht.begin();

lcd.begin(16,2);

lcd.init(); // initialize the lcd

lcd.backlight();

pinMode(soil_moisture,INPUT);

pinMode(rain_level,INPUT);

pinMode(pump,OUTPUT);

// TODO you setup code

void loop()

16
 RemoteXY_Handler ();

moisture = 900-analogRead(soil_moisture);

rainlevel = analogRead(rain_level)/100;

hum = dht.readHumidity();

temp = dht.readTemperature();

tempF = ((temp * 1.8) + 32);

/*

lcd.setCursor(0,0);

lcd.print("Humidity: ");

lcd.print(hum);

lcd.print("%");

dtostrf(hum, 0, 1, RemoteXY.text_01);

dtostrf(tempF, 0, 1, RemoteXY.text_02);

delay(100); //Delay 2 sec between temperature/humidity

check

lcd.setCursor(0,0);

lcd.print("Humidity: ");

lcd.print(hum);

lcd.print("%");

lcd.setCursor(0,1);

lcd.print("Temp: ");

lcd.print(temp);

lcd.println("Celsius");

dtostrf(tempF, 0, 1, RemoteXY.text_02);

delay(1000);

lcd.clear();

lcd.setCursor(0, 0);

lcd.print("Soil moisture:");

lcd.setCursor(0, 1);

lcd.println(moisture);

lcd.print("%");

17
 dtostrf(moisture, 0, 1, RemoteXY.text_03);

lcd.setCursor(0, 1);

delay(10000);

lcd.clear();

lcd.print("Rainfall : ");

lcd.print(rainlevel);

lcd.print("mm");

lcd.setCursor(0,1);

*/

dtostrf(hum, 0, 1, RemoteXY.text_01);

dtostrf(temp, 0, 1, RemoteXY.text_02);

dtostrf(moisture, 0, 1, RemoteXY.text_03);

dtostrf(rainlevel, 0, 1, RemoteXY.text_04);

digitalWrite(pump, (RemoteXY.switch_01==0)?LOW:HIGH);

18
 CHAPTER – 5
5.1 CONCLUSION
The implementation of a remote irrigation system utilizing moisture sensors and a pump operable
via a Bluetooth module presents a promising solution for efficient agricultural water management.
By enabling remote monitoring and control, this system empowers farmers to optimize irrigation
practices, conserve water resources, and improve crop yields.

However, continuous research and development are essential to further enhance system
capabilities, integrate advanced technologies, and address emerging challenges in agriculture.
With ongoing innovation and collaboration, remote irrigation systems have the potential to
revolutionize farming practices and contribute to sustainable agricultural development in the
future.

5.2 FUTURE WORK

In future iterations, the project can be enhanced by integrating additional features such as:
Enhanced Automation: Implementing machine learning algorithms to dynamically adjust
irrigation schedules based on historical data and real-time environmental conditions.
Multi-sensor Integration: Incorporating other environmental sensors (e.g., temperature, humidity)
to provide comprehensive monitoring and decision-making capabilities.
Remote Monitoring: Expanding remote monitoring capabilities through cloud-based solutions for
accessing data from anywhere with internet connectivity.
Energy Efficiency: Exploring energy-efficient pump designs and alternative power sources (e.g.,
solar) to reduce environmental impact and operating costs.

19
 CHAPTER – 6

6.1 REFERENCES
[1] https://www.youtube.com/watch?t=1m21s&v=UinHdYklRkw&feature=youtu.
be
[2] https://projecthub.arduino.cc/adrakhmat/temperature-monitor-with-dht22-and-i
2c-16x2-lcd-b4b75b
[3] https://circuitdigest.com/microcontroller-projects/automatic-irrigation-system-u
sing-arduino-uno

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