BATAAN HEROES COLLEGE

ROMAN SUPERHIGHWAY, BALANGA CITY, BATAAN

ARCH 424: SPECIALIZATION 1: COMMUNITY PLANNING DEVELOPMENT

ASSIGNMENT

SUBMITTED BY:
JEWEL JOY L. DELA TORRE

SUBMITTED TO:
AR. VIRGINIA T. SY, UAP

YEAR & SECTION:

BS ARCHITECTURE – 4A

2ND SEMESTER 2023-2024

 A road is a thoroughfare, path, or way on land that has been surfaced or otherwise upgraded

to allow pedestrians or other modes of transportation, such as a motor vehicle, cart, bicycle, or

horse, to pass. Roads have been designed to accommodate a wide range of constructions and types

in order to fulfill a similar purpose of transit under a variety of conditions. A road's specific

purpose, mode of transportation, material, and location dictate the features it must have to be most

useful. The following is one classification scheme.

TYPES OF ROADS

A. LOWER CAPACITY ROADS

When we talk about lower capacity roads, we usually mean those that aren't as big as highways or

major arterials and are meant to carry less traffic. These roads may not be as well-maintained,

feature fewer lanes, and lower speed limits. They are frequently seen bridging tiny towns and

villages, in rural areas, and in residential areas. Even though they might not be able to handle a lot

of traffic, they are nonetheless very important to local transportation systems.

Lower capacity roads include the following instances:

1. Alley- An alley is a small, typically urban, path between or behind

buildings that is frequently used by pedestrians or cars. Alleys are

usually used as shortcuts between streets, for services like rubbish

collection or deliveries, or as access to the back of buildings. Their

width and condition can vary; they can be narrow footpaths or sufficiently broad for cars.

Alleys have historically been used for a variety of reasons, including residential,

commercial, and industrial uses.

2. Street-A Street is a public road that is used by

both cars and pedestrians. It is often paved

and has buildings lining it. The size of streets

can vary greatly, ranging from little

residential streets to large metropolitan

thoroughfares. Their vital role in transportation networks is to facilitate access to

residences, workplaces, and other locations. Streets may have amenities like sidewalks,

lamps, and signage in addition to having specific lanes for distinct forms of traffic, such as

automobiles, bicycles, and pedestrians.

3. Avenue- An avenue is a wide, tree-lined street

that functions as a main thoroughfare and is

frequently found in urban settings. It usually runs

perpendicular to other streets. Avenues are

frequently identified by their width, architectural

elements, and landscaping. They might have wide

sidewalks, several lanes for traffic, and beautifully manicured boulevards or medians.

Avenues can be vital conduits for urban development and transit, and they frequently

contain a mix of residential, commercial, and institutional structures.

4. Brick Road- A brick road is a

particular kind of road that is built

without asphalt or concrete utilizing

bricks as the paving material. Brick

roads can provide a place a unique

look and are frequently connected to

historical or traditional environments. They can be used in both urban and rural settings

because they are strong and resilient to heavy traffic. Brick roads can be more expensive

to install than other types of road surfaces, and they need constant maintenance to replace

and repair damaged bricks. Brick roads continue to be well-liked in some places due to

their historical significance and aesthetic appeal despite these difficulties.

5. Frontage Road Lane- A frontage road lane is a

roadway that runs alongside a major thoroughfare or

motorway, giving access to nearby properties like shops,

homes, or other projects. Vehicles use frontage roads to

enter and exit the main highway as well as to visit adjacent

locations. Typically, a barrier or median separates frontage

roads from the main roadway. By dividing local traffic from

through traffic on the major roadway, they help to enhance both traffic flow and safety. In

order to make it easier for vehicles to access nearby properties, frontage road lanes

frequently have reduced speed restrictions and may include driveways, traffic signals, and

intersections.
 6. One-way street- A route where cars are

only permitted to go in one direction is

called a one-way street. The direction of

traffic flow on these roadways is usually

indicated by signs or pavement markings.

In urban settings, one-way streets are

frequently utilized to control traffic flow, enhance safety, and optimize the effectiveness of

road networks. By guiding cars down designated routes and reducing confrontations

between opposing traffic streams, they can aid with the reduction of traffic congestion. To

efficiently regulate traffic patterns, one-way streets can be imposed on whole road

segments or on particular areas of bigger streets.

B. PRIMITIVE ROAD

Generally speaking, a primitive road is a simple, frequently unpaved, or poorly maintained path

that is utilized for transportation, typically in rural or isolated locations. These roads might not

have the infrastructure or upkeep of more established highways because they are usually built with

basic materials like gravel, dirt, or compacted earth. They are frequently found in places with

difficult topography or little traffic to justify the building of a more complex road network.

Primitive Roads includes the following instances:

 1. Agricultural road- Access to agricultural

land, farms, ranches, and other rural properties is the

main purpose of an agricultural road, sometimes

referred to as a farm road or rural road. The purpose

of these roads is to make it easier to carry

machinery, equipment, and agricultural products to and from farms. The building and

upkeep of agricultural roads varies greatly according on the topography, climate, and kinds

of vehicles and equipment that will use them in the area. Their surfaces could be made of

gravel, dirt, or other materials, and they could be anything from well-paved highways to

unpaved tracks.

2. Backroad- Often called just a "back road," a

backroad is a subsidiary or tertiary road that often

travels parallel to or away from major roads or urban

centers, through rural or sparsely populated areas.

These roads are marked by their picturesque courses,

slower tempo, and closeness to nature. They are also frequently less frequented.

3. Forest road- Forest roads can be made of

gravel, dirt, or other natural materials and are

usually not paved. They are made to survive the

rough and tumble of leisure vehicles like ATVs

and mountain bikes, as well as heavy forestry

equipment like logging trucks and machinery.

 Forest roads can become gated or limited to authorized people for animal management or

wood harvesting.

4. Gravel road- A gravel road is a kind of

road paved with crushed stone or gravel

as opposed to concrete or asphalt. These

roads are typically located in isolated

and rural locations with reduced traffic

volumes and prohibitively high asphalt

or concrete paving costs. In forestry, mining, and agricultural sectors where heavy

machinery and vehicles may be popular, gravel roads are also utilized.

5. Sunken lane- A sunken lane is a kind of road or track

that has eroded over time as a result of water runoff and

traffic flow. It is also referred to as a hollow way or

holloway. These lanes are typically located in rural

settings and are distinguished by their deeply recessed

pathways, which are frequently hedgerows or banks on either side.

6. Green lane- Specifically, a "green" lane is one that is

not coated with metal and is often used so little that

the surface does not wear down, enabling vegetation

to freely colonize and earning the name "green."

Many green lanes are millennia-old paths, including

hollow ways, drover's roads, ridgeways, and even

prehistoric trackways.

7. Historic Road- are trails or routes that, as a

result of their usage over time, have historical

significance. There are examples dating back to

the prehistoric era to the early 20th century. These

consist of historic roadways, old trackways,

significant commercial routes, and migration

routes.

8. Roman Road- were the physical foundation that the Roman

Republic and the Roman Empire created starting around

300 BC and were essential to the upkeep and growth of the

Roman state.
 C. LARGE ROAD

A "large road" is usually a major road or highway that connects cities, regions, or even entire

nations and is built to handle a lot of traffic. Higher speed limits, several lanes, and a variety of

infrastructure elements like interchanges, underpasses, and overpasses are typical characteristics

of these roadways.

Large Roads includes:

1. Expressway- Depending on the area, an

expressway is sometimes referred to as a

freeway, motorway, or highway. It is a kind

of high-speed road intended for quick travel

over extended distances with little disruption

by junctions or traffic lights.

2. Local-express lanes- Local-express lanes,

sometimes referred to as concurrent-flow lanes or

collector-distributor systems, are a design that is

frequently seen on major metropolitan expressways

or freeways.
3. Arterial road- An arterial road, also just

called a "arterial," is a kind of road that acts

as a main thoroughfare for traffic inside a

city or other metropolitan area. High traffic

volumes are accommodated by the

construction of arterial roadways, which facilitate effective transportation between

residential areas, business centers, and other important locations.

4. Trunk road- A trunk road, also known as a

trunk highway or a strategic road, is a large road

that is advised for long-distance and freight traffic.

It typically connects two or more cities, ports,

airports, and other locations. Numerous trunk

routes are motorway-standard or feature segregated

lanes on a dual carriageway.

5. Limited-access road- Limited-access roads are

also known as expressways, dual-carriageways,

limited-access highways, and partially

controlled-access highways. They are arterial

roads for high-speed traffic that share many or

all of the characteristics of controlled-access

highways, also known as freeways or motorways. These characteristics include very few

or no cross-streets or level crossings, limited or no access to adjacent property, some degree

of separation of opposing traffic flow, some use of grade-separated interchanges, and

 prohibitions on slow-moving vehicles like bicycles, horse-drawn vehicles, or self-

propelled agricultural machinery. There are regional and national variations in the

permitted level of seclusion from local traffic.

6. Reversible lane- Reversible lanes, also known as tidal flows,

are controlled lanes where traffic can move in either way under

specific circumstances. By having overhead traffic lights and

illuminated street signs alerting cars to which lanes are open or closed

to driving or turning, it is usually intended to improve traffic flow

during peak hours.

7. Freeway- A controlled-access highway is

a vehicle-only road intended for high-

speed travel, with all traffic movements,

including entry and exit, controlled.

Expressways, motorways, and freeways

are common English terminology. Other

such phrases include parkway and thruway, or thruway in American English. Although this

phrase can also refer to a class of highways with considerably less separation from other

traffic, some of these might be limited-access highways.

 D. OTHER THOROUGFARES

"Other thoroughfares" are extra or different routes or roadways that are used for transit or travel in

addition to the primary or widely known ones, like streets, highways, or expressways. It includes

all different kinds of routes that can have particular uses or roles in a network of transportation.

These could be boulevards, avenues, parkways, or other local or regional roadways that connect

various places or make particular kinds of travel easier, including access to recreational areas or

scenic drives.

This includes:

1. Bus lane- Bus lanes, also known as bus-only

lanes, are designated lanes exclusively for buses,

usually on specific days and hours. Their main

purpose is to expedite public transportation that might

otherwise be impeded by traffic jams. While bus gate

refers to a brief bus lane that is frequently utilized as

a shortcut for public transportation, busway, a related phrase, refers to a roadway that is

exclusively intended for use by buses. A well-designed bus rapid transit (BRT) network

must have bus lanes, which decrease traffic-related delays and increase bus travel times.

2. Canal- An artificial canal is a waterway created by

humans to link two bodies of water, usually for

drainage, irrigation, or transit. Throughout history,

canals have been crucial to the advancement of

 civilizations because they have made it possible to transport people, products, and water

over great distances.

3. Carpool Lane- High-occupancy vehicle

lanes, sometimes referred to as carpool, transit, 2+,

HOV, or T2 or T3 lanes, are limited traffic lanes that

are only intended for use by vehicles carrying a driver

and at least one passenger, such as transit buses,

vanpools, and carpools. These limitations might be in

place all the time or just during periods of high travel demand. Different kinds of lanes

exist, such as exclusive, concurrent, or contraflow lanes that operate during peak hours,

two-directional or reversible lanes, and temporary or permanent lanes with concrete

barriers.

4. National roads- National roads, sometimes

referred to as principal highways or national

highways, are important thoroughfares that link

important cities, regions, and economic hubs

within a nation.

5. Footpath (also pedestrian way, walking trail, nature

trail)- A footpath is a path or trail reserved for pedestrian

usage, usually for running, walking, or hiking. It is also

referred to as a pedestrian way, walking trail, or nature

trail. Though they differ in length, topography, and degree

 of development, all footpaths provide a means for people to engage in leisure activities,

make foot commutes, and access undeveloped areas.

6. Runway- A runway is defined as a "defined

rectangular area on a land aerodrome prepared

for the landing and takeoff of aircraft." Surfaces

that are naturally occurring or man-made can

include grass, dirt, gravel, ice, sand, or salt.

Artificial surfaces are typically built of asphalt,

concrete, or a combination of the two. Although very few runways are constructed using

tarmac, the term "tarmac" is occasionally used to refer to ramps, taxiways, and runways.

7. Flight deck- An aircraft carrier's flight deck serves as

the surface from which its planes take off and land; it

is similar to a tiny seaside airstrip. The landing deck

is another name for the area used by helicopters and

other VTOL aircraft on smaller naval ships that do

not have aviation as their primary purpose. The

authorized U.S. These ships are known as "air-

capable ships" in the Navy.

8. Race track- A venue designed for the purpose of

racing cars, athletes, or animals (such as horses or

greyhounds) is called a racetrack, racing track, or racing

circuit. Grandstands or concourses may also be present at a

racetrack. Additionally, racetracks are utilized in animal locomotion research.

 E. MAJOR ROAD

A major road is often defined as a substantial roadway within a transportation network that serves

as the primary route for transit between cities, regions, or important destinations.

This includes:

1. Interstate Highways- Interstate highways

are a network of high-speed roads in the

United States that connect cities, states,

and regions throughout the country. They

often have many lanes, controlled access,

and significant traffic volumes, making

them the principal transportation corridors for long-distance travel and business.

2. National Highways- National highways, also

known as primary routes or trunk roads, are significant

thoroughfares established by the national government

to connect key cities, regions, and economic centers

within a country. They fulfill comparable services as

interstate highways, although design standards and restrictions differ by country.

3. Expressways- Expressways are split roadways with controlled access and fewer

intersections, allowing for faster travel between

destinations. They may be part of a national or

regional highway network, with several lanes,

medians, and interchanges to promote efficient

traffic movement.
 4. Arterial highways- are large roadways in

metropolitan areas that serve as primary

transportation corridors between neighborhoods,

commercial districts, and other important

destinations. They frequently have several lanes,

signalized intersections, and significant traffic volumes, which facilitate local and regional

travel.

5. Boulevards and avenues are large, multi-lane

highways that are most commonly found in

cities. They may include landscaped

medians, pedestrian amenities, and

commercial projects along the road, allowing

access to companies, residences, and public areas.

6. Parkways are picturesque roadways

intended for leisurely driving and recreational

activities. They frequently have landscaped

medians, limited access, and lower speed

restrictions than expressways, allowing access

to parks, natural areas, and picturesque vistas.

 F. MINOR ROADS

Minor roads, also known as local or subsidiary roads, are divided into numerous sorts based on

their purpose, size, and characteristics. The following are some prevalent types of minor roads:

1. Residential Streets- Residential streets are

minor thoroughfares that primarily service

residential areas. They often feature reduced

traffic volumes and speed limits to facilitate

local traffic while also providing access to

homes.

2. Collector Roads- Collector roads are

slightly larger than residential streets and

are used to collect and disperse traffic

between local and arterial routes. They

may have more lanes and slightly greater

speeds than residential roadways.

3. Rural Roads- Rural roads are tiny roads that

connect farms, rural settlements, and

natural areas. They may have gravel

surfaces and function as agricultural or

recreational areas.
 4. Country Lanes- Country lanes are

tiny, meandering roadways that exist in rural

or agricultural locations. They allow access to

rural areas, farms, and natural features, and are

frequently surrounded by hedgerows or fields.

5. Service Roads- Service roads run next to large

highways or expressways, connecting

surrounding properties, businesses, and

developments. They help to minimize

congestion on the main route by allowing local

access.

6. Access Roads- Access roads connect

specialized locations such as industrial

parks, shopping malls, or recreational

amenities. They may be privately owned or

managed by local governments.

7. Scenic Byways- Scenic byways are secondary

roadways that have been designated as scenic or

culturally significant. They frequently pass

through natural landscapes, historic locations,

or centers of interest, providing opportunity for

leisurely driving and tourism.

 G. SERVICE ROADS

Service roads, also known as frontage roads or access roads, are classified into several forms, each

of which serves a different function in the transportation network. Here are some typical types of

service roads:

1. Business Service Roads: These service roads

generally connect business and retail facilities along

major highways or expressways. They allow

vehicles to approach and exit businesses securely

without having to drive right into the main route.

2. Residential service roads serve

residential neighborhoods that are

next to main transportation

corridors. They give access to

residences, apartment buildings,

and residential developments, which helps to alleviate traffic congestion in areas.

3. Industrial service roads connect industrial

parks, manufacturing sites, warehouses, and

distribution centers located near major highways

or expressways. They facilitate the transportation

of commodities and materials to and from

industrial facilities.
4. Emergency Service Roads:

These are dedicated routes for

emergency vehicles such as

ambulances, fire engines, and

police cars to easily access

properties along important

traffic arteries. These

highways make it easier for emergency responders to get to their locations during an

emergency.

5. Maintenance service roads allow

maintenance teams to access and maintain the

infrastructure of major highways and

expressways. They provide a convenient route for

staff to carry out standard maintenance chores

such road repairs, planting, and signpost upkeep.

6. Pedestrian and Cyclist Service Roads:

In some circumstances, service roads

may feature sidewalks or designated

bike lanes for pedestrians and

cyclists. These service roads make

nonmotorized transportation safer

and more accessible to pedestrians and bikes.

7. Recreational service roads connect

recreational sites such as parks, trails, and

nature reserves that are near major traffic

arteries. They facilitate visitors' access to

these attractions by offering convenient

parking and entry locations.