I – DEFINITION OF TERMS

1. Road - a wide way leading from one place to another, especially one with a specially prepared
surface which vehicles can use.
2. Highway - a main road, especially one connecting major towns or cities. It refers to a major rural
traveled way; more recently it has been used for a road, in either a rural or urban area, where
points of entrance and exit for traffic are limited and controlled.
3. Expressway - a high-speed divided highway for through traffic with access partially or fully
controlled.
4. Freeway - an express highway, especially one with controlled access.
5. Parkway - is a landscaped thoroughfare. The term is particularly used for a roadway in a park or
connecting to a park from which trucks and other heavy vehicles are excluded. Over the years,
many different types of roads have been labeled parkways.
6. Local road - a street that is primarily used to gain access to the property bordering it. Local
Street. Frontage road, service road - a local road that runs parallel to an expressway and allows
local traffic to gain access to property.
7. Road shoulder -
8. Drainage – is defined as the means of collecting, transporting and disposing of surface water
originating in or near the right of way, or flowing in stream crossings or bordering the right of
way.
9. Bridge – structure that spans horizontally between supports, whose function is to carry vertical
loads.
10. Ultimate capacity of pile - derived from end bearing and from shear stresses developed along
the pile shaft.

II – ENUMERATION

1-3. – what are the major structural parts of a roadway

1. The Sub-grade or Sub-base
2. The Base course
3. The Pavement

4-10. – what are the complete detailed scheme for the roads which are incorporated in the geometric
designs
4. traffic
5. drainage
6. erosion control
7. roadside development
8. structure
9. soils
10. pavement

11-14. – importance of road shoulder

11. Road shoulder serves a place for vehicles to stop when disabled or for some other
purposes. Road shoulder considerably reduces road accidents.
 12. The road capacity is decreased and accident opportunity increases if the shoulder is too
narrow or omitted in the design.
13. Shoulder should be continuous along the full length of the roadway. It also adds structural
strength to the road pavement.
14. Shoulder increases the horizontal sight distance of carves. It reduces accident potential
when vehicle stop during emergencies.

15-20. – what are the six (6) basic bridge forms

15. Beam
16. Truss
17. Cantilever
18. Arch
19. Suspension
20. Cable-stayed

III – ILLUSTRATE A TYPICAL ROAD SECTION AND LABEL IT.

IV – PROBLEM SOLVING
 A 20.0 meters length of pile with the same cross-section of the pile that we had was driven using
a KOBE 32 hammer with a penetration of 0.12 cm and the height of ram at distance of letter F. Compute
the ultimate capacity of pile.