3

f(x) = 4x -2x -28
Problem No. 1:
Required: Value of x
Solution:

Method 1: Incremental Search          

Say: Increment = 0.5
xINITIAL = 0
Formula: x NEW =x OLD + Increment

Iteration   xOLD xNEW f(x) Remarks

0   0 0.5 -28.5 Continue
1   0.5 1 -26 Continue
2   1 1.5 -17.5 Continue
3   1.5 2 0 Stop!
∴x=2

Method 2: Bisection            
Say: xLEFT = 1
xRIGHT
= 3
Formula: 1
x MID = ¿
2

Remark
xLEFT xRIGHT xMID f(xLEFT) f(xRIGHT) f(xMID)
Iteration   s
Continu
0   1 3 2 -26 74 0 e
1   2 2 2 0 0 0 Stop!
∴x=2

Method 3: Regular Falsi          

Say: xLEFT = 1.5
xRIGHT
= 2.5
Formula: x n=x x¿
¿+x ¿ − ¿¿
f ¿ ¿¿

Remark
xLEFT xRIGHT xn f(xLEFT) f(xRIGHT) f(xn)
Iteration   s
-
5.489535 Continu
0   1.5 2.5 1.87234 -17.5 29.5 1 e
-
1.97081 5.489535 - Continu
1   1.9 2.5 4 1 29.5 1.322193 e
-
1.99351 - 0.297296 Continu
2   2 2.5 5 1.322193 29.5 2 e
- -
1.99856 0.297296 0.065801 Continu
3   2 2.5 8 2 29.5 3 e
-
1.99968 0.065801 - Continu
4   2 2.5 4 3 29.5 0.014513 e
 -
- 0.003198 Continu
5   2 2.5 1.99993 0.014513 29.5 5 e
- -
1.99998 0.003198 0.000704 Continu
6   2 2.5 5 5 29.5 8 e
- -
1.99999 0.000704 0.000155 Continu
7   2 2.5 7 8 29.5 3 e
-
1.99999 0.000155 -3.422E- Continu
8   2 2.5 9 3 29.5 05 e
-3.422E- -7.539E- Continu
9   2 2.5 2 05 29.5 06 e
-7.5394E- -1.6612E-
10   2 2.5 2 06 29.5 06 Stop!
∴x=2

Method 4: Newton-Rahpson          
3
f(x) = 4x -2x -28
Given: f'(x) = 12x 2 -2

xINITIAL
Say: = 3
Formula: f ( x OLD )
x NEW =x OLD −
f ' ( x OLD )

Iteration   xOLD f(xOLD) f'(xOLD) xNEW Error Remarks

2.301886 0.30327
0   3 74 106 8 9 Continue
61.5841 2.039090 0.12887
1   2.3 16.1841 9 5 9 Continue
47.8946 2.000775
2   2 1.835075 8 7 0.01915 Continue
46.0372 2.000000 0.00038
3   2 0.035696 4 3 8 Continue
46.0000 1.57E-
4   2 1.44E-05 2 2 07 Continue
2.55E-
5   2 2.35E-12 46 2 14 Continue
6   2 0 46 2 0 Stop!
∴x=2

Method 5:
Secant Method                
Say: x0 = 1
x1 = 3
Formula: x 0−x 1
x NEW =x 1−f ( x 1)
f ( x 0) −f (x 1)

Remark
x0 x1 f(x0) f(x1) xNEW Error
Iteration   s
0.342105 Continu
0   1 3 -26 74 1.52 3 e
 -
16.9927 2.50101 Continu
1   1.5 1 7 -26 6 0.392247 e
-
16.99276 1.87798 0.331756 Continu
2   2.5 1.52 29.5742 8 3 6 e
-
5.26273 29.57420 1.97210 0.047725 Continu
3   1.9 2.501016 8 4 3 8 e
-
1.26466 - 2.00187 0.014872 Continu
4   2 1.877983 7 5.262738 5 1 e
-
1.264667 1.99997 0.000951 Continu
5   2 1.972103 0.08634 1 2 4 e
-
0.00126 0.086340 1.376E- Continu
6   2 2.001875 7 4 2 05 e
-
-1.24E- 0.001267 1.347E- Continu
7   2 1.999972 06 1 2 08 e
1.78E- -1.239E- 1.936E- Continu
8   2 2 11 06 2 13 e
1.7813E-
9   2 2 0 11 2 0 Stop!
∴x=2

f(x)=( x ¿¿ 2/2)−x ¿
Problem No. 2:
Required: Value of x

Solution:

Analytical
−b ± √ b −4 ac
2
x=
2a

−(−1)± √(−1) −4 (1/2)(0)

2
x=
2(1/2)

1± 1
x=
1
x
1
= 0
x
2
= 2

Method 1: Incremental Search          

Say: Increment = 0.5
xINITIAL = 0
Formula: x NEW =x OLD + Increment

Iteration   xOLD xNEW f(x) Remarks

 0   0 0.5 -0.375 Continue
1   0.5 1 -0.5 Continue
2   1 1.5 -0.375 Continue
3   1.5 2 0 Stop!
∴x=2

Method 2: Bisection            
xLEFT
Say: = 1
xRIGHT
= 3
Formula: 1
x MID = ¿
2

Remark
xLEFT xRIGHT xMID f(xLEFT) f(xRIGHT) f(xMID)
Iteration   s
Contin
0   1 3 2 -0.5 1.5 0 ue
1   2 2 2 0 0 0 Stop!
∴x=2

Method 3: Regular Falsi          

xLEFT
Say: = 1.9
xRIGHT
= 2.2
Formula: x n=x x¿
¿+x ¿ − ¿¿
f ¿ ¿¿

Remark
xLEFT xRIGHT xn f(xLEFT) f(xRIGHT) f(xn)
Iteration   s
-
1.99047 0.00947 Contin
0   1.9 2.2 6 -0.095 0.22 85 ue
-
2.12972 0.43592 0.13813 Contin
1   2 2.2 4 18 0.22 87 ue
-
2.09621 0.43592 0.13813 0.10084 Contin
2   2 2.129724 7 18 9 54 ue
-
2.07635 0.43592 0.10084 0.07926 Contin
3   2 2.096217 1 18 5 52 ue
-
2.06313 0.43592 0.07926 0.06513 Contin
4   2 2.076351 8 18 5 14 ue
-
2.05369 0.43592 0.06513 0.05513 Contin
5   2 2.063138 3 18 1 44 ue
-
2.04659 0.43592 0.05513 0.04768 Contin
6   2 2.053693 5 18 4 07 ue
-
2.04106 0.43592 0.04768 0.04190 Contin
7   2 2.046595 2 18 1 51 ue
8   2 2.041062 2.03662 - 0.04190 0.03729 Contin
6 0.43592 5 65 ue
 18
-
2.03298 0.43592 0.03729 0.03353 Contin
9   2 2.036626 8 18 6 26 ue
-
2.02995 0.43592 0.03353 0.03040 Contin
10   2 2.032988 2 18 3 04 ue
-
2.02737 0.43592 0.02775 Contin
11   2 2.029952 8 18 0.0304 32 ue
-
0.43592 0.02775 0.02548 Contin
12   2 2.027378 2.02517 18 3 64 ue
-
2.02325 0.43592 0.02548 0.02352 Contin
13   2 2.02517 3 18 6 36 ue
-
2.02157 0.43592 0.02352 0.02180 Contin
14   2 2.023253 5 18 4 78 ue
-
2.02009 0.43592 0.02180 0.02029 Contin
15   2 2.021575 3 18 8 53 ue
-
2.01877 0.43592 0.02029 0.01895 Contin
16   2 2.020093 6 18 5 21 ue
-
2.01759 0.43592 0.01895 0.01775 Contin
17   2 2.018776 7 18 2 16 ue
-
2.01653 0.43592 0.01775 0.01667 Contin
18   2 2.017597 6 18 2 23 ue
-
2.01557 0.43592 0.01667 0.01569 Contin
19   2 2.016536 6 18 2 69 ue
-
2.01470 0.43592 0.01569 0.01481 Contin
20   2 2.015576 3 18 7 13 ue
-
2.01390 0.43592 0.01481 0.01400 Contin
21   2 2.014703 7 18 1 38 ue
-
2.01317 0.43592 0.01400 0.01326 Contin
22   2 2.013907 8 18 4 47 ue
-
2.01250 0.43592 0.01326 0.01258 Contin
23   2 2.013178 7 18 5 57 ue
-
2.01188 0.43592 0.01258 0.01195 Contin
24   2 2.012507 9 18 6 99 ue
-
2.01131 0.43592 0.01138 Contin
25   2 2.011889 7 18 0.01196 15 ue
-
2.01078 0.43592 0.01138 0.01084 Contin
26   2 2.011317 7 18 1 53 ue
-
2.01029 0.43592 0.01084 0.01034 Contin
27   2 2.010787 4 18 5 71 ue
 -
2.00983 0.43592 0.01034 0.00988 Contin
28   2 2.010294 5 18 7 3 ue
-
2.00940 0.43592 0.00988 0.00944 Contin
29   2 2.009835 5 18 3 97 ue
-
2.00900 0.43592 0.00904 Contin
30   2 2.009405 4 18 0.00945 43 ue
-
2.00862 0.43592 0.00904 0.00866 Contin
31   2 2.009004 7 18 4 44 ue
-
2.00827 0.43592 0.00866 0.00830 Contin
32   2 2.008627 3 18 4 77 ue
-
2.00794 0.43592 0.00830 0.00797 Contin
33   2 2.008273 1 18 8 22 ue
-
2.00762 0.43592 0.00797 0.00765 Contin
34   2 2.007941 7 18 2 61 ue
-
2.00733 0.43592 0.00765 0.00735 Contin
35   2 2.007627 1 18 6 78 ue
-
2.00705 0.43592 0.00735 0.00707 Contin
36   2 2.007331 1 18 8 61 ue
-
2.00678 0.43592 0.00707 0.00680 Contin
37   2 2.007051 6 18 6 95 ue
-
2.00653 0.43592 0.00680 0.00655 Contin
38   2 2.006786 6 18 9 69 ue
-
2.00629 0.43592 0.00655 0.00631 Contin
39   2 2.006536 8 18 7 74 ue
-
2.00607 0.43592 0.00631 Contin
40   2 2.006298 2 18 7 0.00609 ue
-
2.00585 0.43592 0.00587 Contin
41   2 2.006072 7 18 0.00609 39 ue
-
2.00565 0.43592 0.00587 0.00566 Contin
42   2 2.005857 2 18 4 82 ue
-
2.00545 0.43592 0.00566 0.00547 Contin
43   2 2.005652 7 18 8 23 ue
-
2.00527 0.43592 0.00547 0.00528 Contin
44   2 2.005457 2 18 2 56 ue
-
2.00509 0.43592 0.00528 0.00510 Contin
45   2 2.005272 4 18 6 74 ue
-
2.00492 0.43592 0.00510 0.00493 Contin
46   2 2.005094 5 18 7 73 ue
47   2 2.004925 2.00476 - 0.00493 0.00477 Contin
 0.43592
3 18 7 47 ue
-
2.00460 0.43592 0.00477 0.00461 Contin
48   2 2.004763 9 18 5 92 ue
-
0.43592 0.00461 0.00447 Contin
49   2 2.004609 2.00446 18 9 03 ue
-
2.00431 0.43592 0.00432 Contin
50   2 2.00446 8 18 0.00447 77 ue
-
2.00418 0.43592 0.00432 0.00419 Contin
51   2 2.004318 2 18 8 11 ue
-
2.00405 0.43592 0.00419 Contin
52   2 2.004182 2 18 1 0.00406 ue
-
2.00392 0.43592 0.00393 Contin
53   2 2.004052 7 18 0.00406 43 ue
-
2.00380 0.43592 0.00393 0.00381 Contin
54   2 2.003927 6 18 4 35 ue
-
2.00369 0.43592 0.00381 0.00369 Contin
55   2 2.003806 1 18 3 75 ue
-
0.43592 0.00369 0.00358 Contin
56   2 2.003691 2.00358 18 7 59 ue
-
2.00347 0.43592 0.00358 0.00347 Contin
57   2 2.00358 3 18 6 86 ue
-
0.43592 0.00347 0.00337 Contin
58   2 2.003473 2.00337 18 9 54 ue
-
2.00327 0.43592 0.00337 0.00327 Contin
59   2 2.00337 1 18 5 6 ue
-
2.00317 0.43592 0.00327 0.00318 Contin
60   2 2.003271 5 18 6 02 ue
-
2.00308 0.43592 0.00308 Contin
61   2 2.003175 3 18 0.00318 8 ue
-
2.00299 0.43592 0.00308 0.00299 Contin
62   2 2.003083 5 18 8 9 ue
-
2.00290 0.43592 0.00299 0.00291 Contin
63   2 2.002995 9 18 9 33 ue
-
2.00282 0.435921 0.00291 0.002830
64   2 2.002909 65 82 33 48 Stop!
∴ x = 2.0028265 ≈ 2

Method 4: Newton-Rahpson          
f(x)=( x ¿¿ 2/2)−x ¿
Given: f'(x) = x - 1
 xINITIA
Say: L= 1.95
Formula: f ( x OLD )
x NEW =x OLD −
f ' ( x OLD )

Iteration   xOLD f(xOLD) f'(xOLD) xNEW Error Remarks

1.95111 0.00057
0   2 -0.04875 43.63 74 3 Continue
- 43.6823 1.95220 0.00055
1   2 0.047688 1 9 9 Continue
- 43.7334 1.95327 0.00054
2   2 0.046649 4 57 6 Continue
- 43.7834 1.95431 0.00053
3   2 0.045633 3 8 3 Continue
- 1.95533 0.00052
4   2 0.044639 43.8323 63 1 Continue
- 43.8800 1.95633 0.00050
5   2 0.043666 8 15 9 Continue
- 43.9267 1.95730 0.00049
6   2 0.042715 9 39 7 Continue
- 43.9724 1.95825 0.00048
7   2 0.041785 6 41 5 Continue
- 44.0171 1.95918 0.00047
8   2 0.040875 1 27 4 Continue
- 44.0607 1.96009 0.00046
9   2 0.039984 6 02 3 Continue
- 44.1034 1.96097 0.00045
10   2 0.039113 4 71 2 Continue
- 44.1451 1.96184 0.00044
11   2 0.038262 7 38 2 Continue
2 - 44.1859 1.96269 0.00043
12   0.037428 7 09 2 Continue
- 44.2258 1.96351 0.00042
13   2 0.036613 6 87 2 Continue
- 44.2648 1.96432 0.00041
14   2 0.035816 7 78 2 Continue
- 44.3030 1.96511 0.00040
15   2 0.035036 1 87 2 Continue
- 1.96589 0.00039
16   2 0.034273 44.3403 16 3 Continue
- 44.3767 1.96664 0.00038
17   2 0.033527 6 71 4 Continue
- 44.4124 1.96738 0.00037
18   2 0.032797 1 56 5 Continue
- 44.4472 1.96810 0.00036
19   2 0.032083 7 74 7 Continue
- 44.4813 1.96881 0.00035
20   2 0.031384 6 3 8 Continue
- 44.5146 1.96950
21   2 0.030701 9 26 0.00035 Continue
22   2 - 44.5472 1.97017 0.00034 Continue
 0.030032 9 68 2
- 44.5791 1.97083 0.00033
23   2 0.029378 6 58 4 Continue
- 44.6103 0.00032
24   2 0.028739 3 1.97148 7 Continue
- 1.97210 0.00031
25   2 0.028113 44.6408 98 9 Continue
- 1.97272 0.00031
26   2 0.027501 44.6706 54 2 Continue
- 44.6997 1.97332 0.00030
27   2 0.026903 5 73 5 Continue
- 44.7282 1.97391 0.00029
28   2 0.026317 5 57 8 Continue
- 44.7561 1.97449 0.00029
29   2 0.025744 2 09 1 Continue
- 44.7833 1.97505 0.00028
30   2 0.025184 7 32 5 Continue
- 44.8100 1.97560 0.00027
31   2 0.024636 2 3 8 Continue
- 44.8360 1.97614 0.00027
32   2 0.024099 9 05 2 Continue
- 44.8615 1.97666 0.00026
33   2 0.023575 8 6 6 Continue
- 1.97717
34   2 0.023062 44.8865 98 0.00026 Continue
44.9108 1.97768 0.00025
35   2 -0.02256 8 21 4 Continue
- 44.9347 1.97817 0.00024
36   2 0.022069 2 32 8 Continue
- 44.9580 1.97865 0.00024
37   2 0.021589 3 34 3 Continue
- 44.9808 1.97912 0.00023
38   2 0.021119 3 29 7 Continue
- 45.0031 1.97958 0.00023
39   2 0.020659 3 2 2 Continue
45.0249 1.98003 0.00022
40   2 -0.02021 4 09 7 Continue
45.0462 1.98046 0.00022
41   2 -0.01977 7 97 2 Continue
45.0671 1.98089 0.00021
42   2 -0.01934 2 89 7 Continue
- 45.0875 1.98131 0.00021
43   2 0.018919 2 85 2 Continue
- 45.1074 1.98172 0.00020
44   2 0.018507 7 87 7 Continue
- 45.1269 1.98212 0.00020
45   2 0.018104 9 99 2 Continue
45.1460 1.98252 0.00019
46   2 -0.01771 7 22 8 Continue
- 45.1647 1.98290 0.00019
47   2 0.017325 3 58 3 Continue
- 45.1829 1.98328 0.00018
48   2 0.016948 9 09 9 Continue
- 45.2008 1.98364 0.00018
49   2 0.016579 4 77 5 Continue
- 1.98400 0.00018
50   2 0.016219 45.2183 64 1 Continue
 - 45.2353 1.98435 0.00017
51   2 0.015866 8 71 7 Continue
- 45.2520 1.98470 0.00017
52   2 0.015521 8 01 3 Continue
- 45.2684 1.98503 0.00016
53   2 0.015183 1 55 9 Continue
- 45.2843 1.98536 0.00016
54   2 0.014853 9 35 5 Continue
- 45.3000 1.98568 0.00016
55   2 0.014529 2 42 2 Continue
- 1.98599 0.00015
56   2 0.014213 45.3153 79 8 Continue
- 45.3302 1.98630 0.00015
57   2 0.013904 5 46 4 Continue
- 45.3448 1.98660 0.00015
58   2 0.013602 7 46 1 Continue
- 45.3591 1.98689 0.00014
59   2 0.013306 7 79 8 Continue
- 45.3731 1.98718 0.00014
60   2 0.013016 6 48 4 Continue
- 45.3868 1.98746 0.00014
61   2 0.012733 4 53 1 Continue
- 45.4002 1.98773 0.00013
62   2 0.012456 2 97 8 Continue
- 45.4133 1.98800 0.00013
63   2 0.012185 1 8 5 Continue
45.4261 1.98827 0.00013
64   2 -0.01192 1 04 2 Continue
- 45.4386 1.98852 0.00012
65   2 0.011661 3 7 9 Continue
- 45.4508 1.98877 0.00012
66   2 0.011407 8 8 6 Continue
- 45.4628 1.98902 0.00012
67   2 0.011159 6 35 3 Continue
- 45.4745 1.98926 0.00012
68   2 0.010916 7 35 1 Continue
- 45.4860 1.98949 0.00011
69   2 0.010679 3 83 8 Continue
- 45.4972 1.98972 0.00011
70   2 0.010447 4 79 5 Continue
- 45.5082 1.98995 0.00011
71   2 0.010219 1 25 3 Continue
- 45.5189 1.99017
72   2 0.009997 3 21 0.00011 Continue
45.5294 1.99038 0.00010
73   2 -0.00978 2 69 8 Continue
- 45.5396 1.99059 0.00010
74   2 0.009567 8 7 6 Continue
- 45.5497 1.99080 0.00010
75   2 0.009359 2 24 3 Continue
- 45.5595 1.99100 0.00010
76   2 0.009155 3 34 1 Continue
45.9997
418   2 -5.00E-06 6 2 5.41E-08 Stop!
∴x=2

Method 5:                
Secant Method
Say: x0 = 1
x1 = 3
Formula: x 0−x 1
x NEW =x 1−f ( x 1)
f ( x 0) −f (x 1)

Remark
x0 x1 f(x0) f(x1) xNEW Error
Iteration   s
0.33333 Contin
0   1 3 -0.5 1.5 1.5 33 ue
Contin
1   1.5 1 -0.375 -0.5 3 0.5 ue
0.66666 Contin
2   3 1.5 1.5 -0.375 1.8 67 ue
1.92857 0.06666 Contin
3   1.8 3 -0.18 1.5 1 67 ue
-
0.06887 2.00826 0.03968 Contin
4   1.9 1.8 8 -0.18 4 25 ue
-
0.00829 0.06887 1.99969 0.00428 Contin
5   2 1.928571 9 76 5 53 ue
-
0.00030 0.00829 1.99999 0.00015 Contin
6   2 2.008264 5 86 9 18 ue
-
-1.25E- 0.00030 6.273E- Contin
7   2 1.999695 06 47 2 07 ue
1.91E- -1.254E- Contin
8   2 1.999999 10 06 2 9.56E-11 ue
1.912E-
9   2 2 0 10 2 0 Stop!
∴x=2

f ( x )=e−x + x−2.135
Problem No. 3:
Value of
Required: x
Solution:

Method 1: Incremental Search          

0.09996
Say: Increment = 1
xINITIAL = 1
Formula: x NEW =x OLD + Increment

Iteration   xOLD xNEW f(x) Remarks

-
0   1.09996 0.70215
1 1 5 Continue
1.1 1.19992 -
1  
2 0.63386 Continue
-
2   1.29988 0.56255
1.2 3 3 Continue
3   1.3 1.39984 - Continue
 0.48852
4 1
-
4   1.49980 0.41202
1.4 5 1 Continue
1.59976 -
5  
1.5 6 0.33329 Continue
1.69972 -
6  
1.6 7 0.25254 Continue
-
7   1.79968 0.16996
1.7 8 2 Continue
1.89964 -
8  
1.8 9 0.08573 Continue
-1.93E-
9  
1.9 1.99961 06 Stop!
∴ x = 1.99961

Method 2: Bisection            
xLEFT
Say: = 0.3
xRIGHT
= 2.1
Formula: 1
x MID = ¿
2

Remark
xLEFT xRIGHT xMID f(xLEFT) f(xRIGHT) f(xMID)
Iteration   s
- -
1.094181 0.08745 0.63380 Continu
0   0.3 2.1 1.2 8 6 58 e
- -
0.633805 0.08745 0.29295 Continu
1   1.2 2.1 1.65 8 6 01 e
- -
0.292950 0.08745 0.10664 Continu
2   1.7 2.1 1.875 1 6 5 e
-
- 0.08745 0.01046 Continu
3   1.9 2.1 1.9875 0.106645 6 24 e
-
0.010462 0.08745 0.03829 Continu
4   2 2.1 2.04375 4 6 2 e
-
2.01562 0.010462 0.03829 0.01386 Continu
5   2 2.04375 5 4 2 21 e
-
2.01562 2.00156 0.010462 0.01386 0.00168 Continu
6   2 5 3 4 2 65 e
- -
2.00156 1.99453 0.010462 0.00168 0.00439 Continu
7   2 3 1 4 6 13 e
- -
2.00156 1.99804 0.004391 0.00168 0.00135 Continu
8   2 3 7 3 6 33 e
-
2.00156 1.99980 0.001353 0.00168 0.00016 Continu
9   2 3 5 3 6 64 e
 - -
1.99980 1.99892 0.001353 0.00016 0.00059 Continu
10   2 5 6 3 6 35 e
- -
1.99980 1.99936 0.000593 0.00016 0.00021 Continu
11   2 5 5 5 6 35 e
-
1.99980 1.99958 0.000213 0.00016 -2.3575E-
12   2 47 5 55 64 05 Stop!
∴ x = 1.999585 ≈ 1.99961

Method 3: Regular Falsi          

xLEFT
Say: = 1.5
xRIGHT
= 2.5
Formula: x n=x x¿
¿+x ¿ − ¿¿
f ¿ ¿¿

Remark
xLEFT xRIGHT xn f(xLEFT) f(xRIGHT) f(xn)
Iteration   s
- -
1.97950 0.411869 0.44708 0.01736 Continu
0   1.5 2.5 1 8 5 07 e
- -
1.99895 0.017360 0.44708 0.00056 Continu
1   2 2.5 7 7 5 64 e
-
1.99959 0.000566 0.44708 -1.83E- Continu
2   2 2.5 1 4 5 05 e
1.99961 -1.83E- 0.44708 -5.913E- Continu
3   2 2.5 2 05 5 07 e
1.99961 -5.913E- 0.44708 -1.91E- Continu
4   2 2.5 2 07 5 08 e
1.99961 -1.91E- 0.44708 -6.172E- Continu
5   2 2.5 2 08 5 10 e
1.99961 -6.172E- 0.44708 -1.994E- Continu
6   2 2.5 2 10 5 11 e
1.99961 -1.994E- 0.44708 -6.444E- Continu
7   2 2.5 2 11 5 13 e
1.99961 -6.444E- 0.44708 -2.043E- Continu
8   2 2.5 2 13 5 14 e
1.99961 -2.0428E- 0.44708
9   2 2.5 22 14 5 0 Stop!
∴ x = 1.9996122

Method 4: Newton-Rahpson          
Given: −x
f ( x )=e + x−2.135
-x
f'(x) = −e +1

xINITIA
Say: L= 1
Formula: f ( x OLD )
x NEW =x OLD −
f ' (x OLD )

Iteration   xOLD f(xOLD) f'(xOLD) xNEW Error Remarks

 -
0.76712 0.63212 2.213566
0   1 1 1 9 0.54824 Continue
0.18787 2.002632 0.10532
1   2.2 7 0.89069 7 8 Continue
0.00261 0.86502 1.999612
2   2 2 1 9 0.00151 Continue
6.16E- 0.86461 1.999612 3.56E-
3   2 07 2 2 07 Continue
3.46E- 0.86461 1.999612
4   2 14 2 2 2E-14 Continue
0.86461 1.999612
5   2 0 22 23 0 Stop!
∴ x = 1.999612

Method 5: Secant
Method                
Say: x0 = 1
x1 = 3
Formula: x 0−x 1
x NEW =x 1−f (x 1)
f ( x 0) −f (x 1)

Remark
x0 x1 f(x0) f(x1) xNEW Error
Iteration   s
-
0.76712 0.914787 1.91220 0.47704 Continu
0   1 3 1 1 3 3 e
- -
0.07504 0.767120 2.01111 0.04918 Continu
1   1.9 1 3 6 4 21 e
-
1.91220 0.00995 0.075042 1.99953 0.00579 Continu
2   2 3 3 5 1 28 e
2.01111 -7.02E- 0.009953 1.99961 4.059E- Continu
3   2 4 05 3 2 05 e
1.99953 -7.025E- 1.99961 3.642E- Continu
4   2 1 -6.3E-08 05 2 08 e
1.99961 4.01E- -6.296E- 1.99961 2.316E- Continu
5   2 2 13 08 2 13 e
1.99961 4.0057E- 1.99961
6   2 22 0 13 22 0 Stop!
∴ x = 1.9996122

f(x)=(3 x ¿¿ 2/16)−3/ 4 ¿
Problem No. 4:
Required: Value of x
Solution:

Analytical
−b ± √ b −4 ac
2
x=
2a

−( 0)± √(0) −4(3 /16)(−3 /4)

2
x=
2( 3/16)

±3 /4
x=
3 /8
 x
1
= -2
x
2
= 2

Method 1: Incremental Search          

Say: Increment = 0.5
xINITIAL = 0
Formula: x NEW =x OLD + Increment

Iteration   xOLD xNEW f(x) Remarks

-
0   0.7031
0 0.5 25 Continue
1   0.5 1 -0.5625 Continue
-
2   0.3281
1 1.5 25 Continue
3   1.5 2 0 Stop!
∴x=2

Method 2: Bisection            
xLEFT
Say: = 1
xRIGHT
= 3
Formula: 1
x MID = ¿
2

Remark
xLEFT xRIGHT xMID f(xLEFT) f(xRIGHT) f(xMID)
Iteration   s
Contin
0   1 3 2 -0.5625 0.9375 0 ue
1   2 2 2 0 0 0 Stop!
∴x=2

Method 3: Regular Falsi          

xLEFT
Say: = 1
xRIGHT
= 3
Formula: x n=x x¿
¿+x ¿ − ¿¿
f ¿ ¿¿

Remark
xLEFT xRIGHT xn f(xLEFT) f(xRIGHT) f(xn)
Iteration   s
-
0.17578 Contin
0   1 3 1.75 -0.5625 0.9375 13 ue
- -
1.9473 0.17578 0.03895 Contin
1   1.8 3 68 13 0.9375 43 ue
 - -
1.9893 0.03895 0.00795 Contin
2   1.9 3 62 43 0.9375 75 ue
- -
1.9978 0.00795 0.00159 Contin
3   2 3 68 75 0.9375 83 ue
- -
1.9995 0.00159 0.00031 Contin
4   2 3 73 83 0.9375 99 ue
-
1.9999 0.00031 Contin
5   2 3 15 99 0.9375 -6.4E-05 ue
1.9999 -1.28E- Contin
6   2 3 83 -6.4E-05 0.9375 05 ue
1.9999 -1.28E- -2.56E- Contin
7   2 3 97 05 0.9375 06 ue
1.9999 -2.56E- -5.12E- Contin
8   2 3 99 06 0.9375 07 ue
-5.12E- -1.024E- Contin
9   2 3 2 07 0.9375 07 ue
-1.024E- -2.048E- Contin
10   2 3 2 07 0.9375 08 ue
-2.048E- -4.096E- Contin
11   2 3 2 08 0.9375 09 ue
-4.096E- -8.192E- Contin
12   2 3 2 09 0.9375 10 ue
-8.192E- -1.638E- Contin
13   2 3 2 10 0.9375 10 ue
-1.638E- -3.277E- Contin
14   2 3 2 10 0.9375 11 ue
-3.277E- -6.554E- Contin
15   2 3 2 11 0.9375 12 ue
-6.554E- -1.311E- Contin
16   2 3 2 12 0.9375 12 ue
-1.311E- -2.621E- Contin
17   2 3 2 12 0.9375 13 ue
-2.621E- -5.24E- Contin
18   2 3 2 13 0.9375 14 ue
-5.24E- -1.044E- Contin
19   2 3 2 14 0.9375 14 ue
-1.044E- -2.22E- Contin
20   2 3 2 14 0.9375 15 ue
-2.2204E-
21   2 3 2 15 0.9375 0 Stop!
∴x=2

Method 4: Newton-Rahpson          
Given: f(x)=(3 x ¿¿ 2/16)−3/ 4 ¿
' 3
f ( x )= x
8
xINITIA
Say: L= 1
Formula: f ( x OLD )
x NEW =x OLD −
f ' (x OLD )

Iteration   xOLD f(xOLD) f'(xOLD) xNEW Error Remarks

0   1 -0.5625 0.375 2.5 0.6 Continue
 0.2195
1   2.5 0.421875 0.9375 2.05 12 Continue
0.7687 2.00060 0.0246
2   2.1 0.037969 5 98 88 Continue
0.7502 2.00000 0.0003
3   2 0.000457 29 01 05 Continue
4.65E-
4   2 6.97E-08 0.75 2 08 Continue
1.11E-
5   2 1.67E-15 0.75 2 15 Continue
6   2 0 0.75 2 0 Stop!
∴x=2

Method 5:
Secant Method                
Say: x0 = 0
x1 = 3
Formula: x 0−x 1
x NEW =x 1−f (x 1)
f ( x 0) −f (x 1)

Remark
x0 x1 f(x0) f(x1) xNEW Error
Iteration   s
1.3333 Contin
0   0 3 -0.75 0.9375 33 1 ue
-
0.4166 0.55555 Contin
1   1.3 0 67 -0.75 3 56 ue
-
0.41666 1.8461 Contin
2   3 1.333333 0.9375 67 54 0.625 ue
-
0.1109 1.9682 0.06203 Contin
3   1.8 3 47 0.9375 54 47 ue
- -
0.0236 0.11094 2.0012 0.01650 Contin
4   2 1.846154 21 67 8 27 ue
-
0.0009 0.02362 1.9999 0.00064 Contin
5   2 1.968254 61 06 9 53 ue
-7.68E- 0.00096 5.118E- Contin
6   2 2.00128 06 06 2 06 ue
-2.46E- -7.68E- 1.638E- Contin
7   2 1.99999 09 06 2 09 ue
6.33E- -2.458E- 4.219E- Contin
8   2 2 15 09 2 15 ue
6.3283E-
9   2 2 0 15 2 0 Stop!