I.

PIE CHART:
1. Từ vựng:
- Hold the lion’s share of …. = hold the largest part of….
- Represent the smallest proportion of… : chiếm phần nhỏ nhất
- Major/minor share
- Significant/insignificant percentage
- 10%= ten per cent = ten percent= one out of ten= a tenth
- ½: a half
- 1/3: a third
- ¼: a quarter
- 1/5: a fifth
- 2/3: two thirds
- ¾: three quarters
- 2/5: two fifths
- Tỷ lệ của A gấp x lần tỷ lệ của B + số liệu minh hoạ: The proportion of A is x times as
high as that of B, % compared to %
- Double (v): gấp 2
- Triple (v): gấp 3
- Quadruple (v): gấp 4
VD: Tỷ lệ của A gấp 2 lần tỷ lệ của B (A- 4%, B-2%)
= The proportion of A is two times as high as that of B, 4% compared to 2%.
= The proportion of A doubles that of B, 4% compared to 2%.
- Bao nhiêu % của A tham gia vào việc gì, so với B:
= x% of A +V, which was much higher/lower than that of B (% compared to %)
= x% of A +V, which exceeded that of B (% compared to %)
- Introduction: The pie chart compares patterns of…./The pie chart details…
VD:
The pie charts compare patterns of secondary school graduates in Australia who were
unemployed, employed and pursuing further study from 1980 to 2000, ten-year intervals.
Overall, the proportion of those who were employed remained supreme over the given period
and witnessed an upward trend, while the reverse pattern applied to the other two options.
In 1980, 40 percent of students graduating from secondary schools chose to work, which
quadrupled that of those opting for unemployment (only 10 per cent). While the former
underwent a slight increase to 50% in 1990 and 55% in 2000, the latter witnessed a modest
fall to 8% in the last year surveyed. Regarding to those who pursued further education, one
note-worthy feature was that in 1980 they held the lion’s share with 50 per cent, then
plummeting to 38% in 1990. Only 37 percent of students chose further study in 2000, which
trailed closely behind the option of getting employed.
The pie charts compare patterns of five means of transport to a university in 2004 and
2009.
One profound observation is that the number of people using cars showed a downward trend,
while the reverse pattern applied to the other four types of transportation, with going by bus
remaining supreme.
In 2004, 51 percent of people going to the university by cars, which was approximately five
times as high as that of bikers (9%). While the former plummeted to 28% in 2009, the latter
almost doubled (16%). Going by bus managed to stand at the second position, leading going
on foot by a large margin of 29%, with the latter accounting for only 4 per cent of the total
number of students in 2004. In 2009, it rose sharply by 13 percent, becoming the most
favored mode of transport. One note-worthy feature was that going by train only represented
a minor share in both years, 3 percent and 4 percent respectively.
II. TABLE:
1. Từ vựng:
- A đứng ở vị trí cao nhất, theo sau bởi B, C, D
= A topped the table at + số liệu, followed by B/C/D.
= A took the lead, holding + số liệu. It was followed by B (số liệu), C (số liệu).
= A took the top/highest position at + số liệu, followed by B (số liệu)/ C (số liệu).
- A đứng ở vị trí thấp nhất
= A took the bottom position/place at + số liệu.
= At the bottom position was A, holding….%
= The bottom position was held by A (số liệu).
- Mở đầu: The table gives the statistics of…
VD:
The table gives statistics of costs of five types of advertising which four UK car firms spent
in 2002.
One profound observation is that TV was the most prominent type of commercials, and
Renault had the largest spendings on advertisements.
At the top position was expenditures on TV, receiving 59 million dollars from Renault and
45 million from Rover. Cetirizine allocated 70 million dollars for TV advertisements, while
the figure for Vauxhall was slightly lower, at 65 million. Press advertising managed to stand
at the second position, with 45 million being spent by Renault and 38 million by Rover. In
contrast, Vauxhall and Cetirizine only spent 8 and 12 million dollars on this type of
commercials, correspondingly.
Of the other forms, advertising in cinemas and outdoors incurred the lowest costs, never
exceeding 10 million dollars in each country. One note-worthy feature was that expenditure
on radio advertising was 15 million dollars in each automobile manufacturer.