12th Physics EM Study Material 2023 2024 English Medium PDF Download

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PaPa d ➠ XIIPStd
aPa - Physics
d d PaPa- Volume-I
d d d
PaPa d d
PaPa d PaPdad
laiai
adsaasal a
i i
saaslaala a saaslaailai Chargeas(q)
aaslaailai a s
aaslaailai a s
Mass(m)
aaslaailai a
i i
saaslaala a
i i
saaslaala as
d d d d d d d PaPdad
a
P Pa d Can
P aPabe zero, +ve
d a
PPora –ve
d P Pa Can never
a d a
P Pabe zero, onlyP +ve
d aPa d a
P Pa d
Force between two charges can be Force between any two masses is
laiai i i
saaslaala positivesaaslor
aalanegative salaala
i i i i
saasalways
laailai attractive
saaslaain
ilai nature alailai i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d a d a d a a s da d a asasa a as
PaPa d d
aPa of constant
Value
P d
PaPdepends
a d
PaPa Value ofPconstant
upon aPa d PaPdad fixed.
G is always
d
PaPa d PaPdad
m
ε, εr, ε0
laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
FORMULAE
co
laiai ai i
slalaElectrostatic
aailai
saaslforce aslaailai i i i i
saa,slFaal=a →F = d1adsaaqsl1aaql2a r∧
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d asaa(1) d a between
d a sacharges q and
d aq d a d a as
PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d P1 a
d
Pa 2 12 a a
PP 4πε o r212
21 Pa Pa d PaPa d PaPdad
1
(2) Value of k = = 9 × 109 Nm2C–2
.
laiai a i i a4πε
i i i i i i i i i i i i
saaslaala saaslaala saaslaala saaslaala saaslaala
l a l a o
adsaasal saasal saasal
ks
a d
P Pa (3) Value a
PP a d
of ε = 8.854 × 10
a d
P P–12aC2N–1m–2 P Pa a d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
(5) Total charge q = n × e ; Number of electrons × Charge of an electron
laiai ai i
slalaComponents
i i i i
saaslaaoflaforce F, dadsaaslaaFla= F cos dqa;dFsaas=Flaailai i i
saaslFaa2la+ F 2 dadsaaslaala
i i i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d a a
sa(6) d a sin q ; |F|
d a
= d a as
PaPdad
PaPa d PaPa d PaPa
oo PaPa 2 PaPa d 1 2
PaPa PaPa d
Unit 1
1
ε
(7) Relative permittivity or Dielectric constant ε r =
ε
laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala la ai i o i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d a d a d a Fdairadsaasal da d a d a as
a d
P Pa (8) Force a d
P between
Pa charges d
P Pinamedium Fm P= Pεa
a a a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
www.Padasalai.Net
ab
force F
laiai (9) a ilaElectrostatic
i field,
a ilai E = =ilaqi ⇒ F = qEalailai
a i i i i i i
adsaasal a l
asasa a l
adsasa chargea l
s sa s sa saaslaala saaslaala saaslaala as
PaPdad (10) ElectricPaPdafield P aPdaada P aPd1aadaq r∧ d
PaPa
a
d d
PaPa
a
d d
PaPa
a
d PaPdad
due to a point charge E =
4πε o r 2
ur
→ ∧
laiai ai i
(11)
slalaElectricddipole
iai
saaslaalmoment, p =aqla i i i i
sasa×la2a i dadsaaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d asaa a d a d a d a d a as
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa a d
P Pa → a
P a
→
1 2 pP
d a
P Pa d PaPdad
(12) (i) Electric field due to a dipole at a point on the axial line, E = (r >> a )
.s
4πε 0 r 3
laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaa→la
i i
saaslaala
PaPa d d d
PaPa field duePtoaPaadipole at a point d
PaPaon the equatorial d d
PaPa line E = →PaPa −1 p Pa a d PaPdad
(ii) Electric E = (r >>P
a) tot
w
4πε 0 r 3
(13) Magnitude of torque τ = p × E = pE sinθ (p = q 2a)
laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i
alai
1 sqasla i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d a (14) Electricd a
potential at a a
point
d due to a point
d a
charge, V = d a a d a d a as
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a d
Pao r
P4πε a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
w
→ →
laiai
(15)i Electric
i potential i i U = – pE cosθi =i - p .E
i i energy of dipole laailai i i i i
adsaasal d a saaslaala d a saaslaala d a saaslaala d asaaslaala d pdsaascos
a θ d a saaslaala d asaaslaala as
d
PaPa (16) Electric d d
PaPapotential at aPpoint d
aPa due to anPelectric
aPa dipole VP=aPa PaPa d PaPa d PaPdad
w
2
4πε r o
q → →
(17) Electric flux = ⇒ f = E . Ai =i EA cosθ ai i
laiai i i
salaala
i i
salaalεao
E
salaala salala
i i
saaslaaλ la
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d a a s d a a s d a a s d a a s d a d a da as
a d a
P Pa (18) Electric d a d
P Pafield due to infinite a
P Pa long straight d a
P Pacharged wire,P P
E a=d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
2πε o r
σ q 1 → σ ∧
laiai laailaElectric
(19) i field aailaito plane sheet
ldue laailof
ai charge Es=aslaa2ilεai = A 2ε sVector
laailai form, E s=aslaailani i i
saaslaala
adsaasal s
adada
as
adada
s as
adada
s as
adada o
a
adoada
s
adada2ε d a as
P Pa P Pa P Pa P Pa P Pa P Pa 0 PaPa d PaPdad
laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
sa8aslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
laiai Kindly
laiai Share Your
laiai to OurlaEmail
laiai laiai laiai
laiai i i ilai
saaslaais
This aailai
saaslSample,
Onlydfor
ilai
saaslaaBook
ai or
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a d
PaAll Leading a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
a a a a a as
d
PaPa d d
PaPa d d
PaPa d ➠ XIIPStd
aPa - Physics
d d PaPa- Volume-I
d d d
PaPa d d
PaPa d PaPdad
laiai
adsaasal d a
i i
saaslaala d a
i i
saaslaala d a
Evaluation
i i
saaslaala
adada
i i
saslaala
adada
i i
saslaala d a
i i
saaslaala d a
i i
saaslaala as
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d P Pa P Pa a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
I. Multiple choice questions : 5. Four Gaussian
A
surfaces are ilai given alailai +2q
laiai 1. sa Two ai i
slalaidentical aslaailacharges
spoint
i ai i
ofsamagnitude
slala –qsala i i
sala l a l a
saBsala
i i
adsaasal a a a a a a a a belowdadswith
aasa chargesdadsasa +
a a as
PaPa are fixed PasaPshown
d d da d in thePfigure
aPa below. APthird
d d d
aPa d PaPa each Gaussian
inside PaPa –q Pa
d
Pa d PaPdad
charge +q is placed midway between the two –
m
charges at the point P. Suppose this charge +q surface. Rank the +q
laiai issla ilai
adisplaced aslaailaidistanceasfrom
aassmall aslaailathe
i point alaailai electric flux l a i athrough
i la i a i + lailai
adsaasal d a s
a a
d a d a asas each a saasal
Gaussian surface a saasal
D a saasa as
a d
P Pa P in the Pdirections
a
Pa d indicated d
P Pa by the arrows,
a PaPdad a
P Pad d a
P Pad d a d
P PCa d PaPdad
in increasing order.
co
in which direction(s) will +q be stable with
respect
i to the displacement? (a) D < C <aB
laiai saaslaala
i i i
saaslaala B1
i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i laila<i A (b)
laailaAi < B = C s<asDlaailai
adsaasal d a d a d a d a s
(c) aCda<adA as s as
a = B < D adaada(d) D > C a>daBad>a A as
PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d PP PP PP PaPdad
+q [Ans. (a) D < C < B <A]
– + –
.
-q A1 P A2 -q 6. The total electric flux for thei following closed
laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala B2
i i
saaslaala aslaailai surfaceawhich
aslaailaiis kept inside lai
aslaawater aslaailai
adsaasal
ks
d a d a d a d a s
a d sa d a sa da s
a as
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
(a) A1 and A2 (b) B1 and B2
(c) i both directions i (d) No stable
laiai a i
slala saaslaala
i aslaailaBi and Ba]saaslaailai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d a s
a a
da [aAns.
dadsa(b) ad2d d a d a d a as
PaPdad
a
P Pa d a d
P Pa P Pa
oo 1
P Pa PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d
Unit 1
2. Which charge configuration produces a

uniform electric field? [HY-2019;Aug-2021;FRT-'22]
laiai l aailai l aailai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala laiai i i
saaslaala q dadsaaslaala
i i
adsaasal d a saa
(a)
s point Charge d a saas d a d a 80
d aqsaasal d a as
a d
P Pa (b) uniformly a d
P Pa charged infinite a d
P Pa line a
P Pa d a d
(a)P Pa a d
P Pa (b) 40 εP Pa a PaPdad
www.Padasalai.Net
ε
ab

(c) uniformly charged infinite plane q q
laiai ai i i i ai i i i (c) i (d)i i i i
adsaasal d a (d)
saaslalauniformly d a saaslaala spherical
charged
d a saashell
slala d a saaslaala 80
d a alai
εsaasla d a saaslaala160 ε dadsaaslqaala as
d
PaPa [Ans. P a d
(c)aPuniformly d
PaPa infinite plane]
charged PaPa d a
P Pa
d PaPa d PaPa(b)
[Ans. ] PaPdad
40eo
q1
ur
laiai 3. What i is the ratio of

i the charges i ai for thesasl7. aiai Two identical ai iconducting balls
lailai having positive
adsaasal
l
asaasal
a a i l
asaasal
a ai l
asaasalq2
a
a a al chargesaqsaaand slalaq are separated
asaasaby aslaailai
a centeratosacenter as
PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad1 2 PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad
following electric field line pattern? distance r. If they are made to touch each other
and then separated to the same distance, the force
.s
ilai between them

laiai saaslaalawill be dadsaaslaala (NSEP
ilai ilai ilai i i i i aslaailai
adsaasal d a a
sasa l a
d a a
sasal a
d a a
sasal a
d a a
sasal a
d a d a sa04-05) as
PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d PaPa [Sep-2020;
PaPaFRT-'22]
d PaPdad
q q (a) less than before (b) same as before
w
1 2
(c) more than before (d)i zero

laiai aslaailai aslaailai aslaailai aslaailai aslaailai [Ans.asa(c) lai
aslaamore i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d a sa 1 d a sa 25 d a sa 11
d a sa d a sa d thand abefore] as
a d
P Pa (a) a
P Pa(b)d aPa5
P(c) d a
(d)P Pa
d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
w
5 11 25 8. Rank the electrostatic potential energies for

laiai i i i ilai (d) 11 ] alailai the givenalasystem i i of charges i i in increasing i i
adsaasal d a sla
saa alai d a saaslaala d a saasl[aaAns. 25
d a sasa order.dadsasala d a saaslaala d a saaslaala
[PTA-4] as
PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d PaPa PaPa d PaPa d PaPdad
w
4. An electric dipole is placed at an alignment angle Q –Q –Q –Q

of 30° with an electric field of 2 × 105 N C–1. It (a) + r –– (b) – r ––
laiai ai i
experiences
slala aasa aslaailai equal ato
torque
i i
saasl8aalaN m. The
i i
saaslaala saaslaa
ilai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d a saa d d d a –Q
d a –2Q d a Q da as
a d
P Pa charge on a d
a dipole if Pthe
P Pthe a d
Pa dipole length a d
P Pais a
P a d a
P a d a
P a–2Qd PaPdad
(c) P– r –– P (d) + 2rP ––
1 cm is [QY-2019; July-'22]
laiai (a) i 4 imC i i (b) 8 mC i i i i (a) 1 = 4 a<la2il<ai3 (b)i 2i = 4 < 3 < 1alailai
adsaasal a saaslaala a saaslaala a saaslaala a saaslaala sasa saaslaala s sa as
d
PaPa (c) 5 mC
d PaPad d P(d)d
aPa7 mC
d d
PaPa d (c)Pa2P=
d a
d d a
a 3 < 1 < 4 PaPa (d) 3 < 1P<aP2daa<da4
d PaPdad
[Ans. (b) 8 mC] [Ans. (a) 1 = 4 < 2 < 3]
laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d a da d a d a10 d a d a d a as
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
laiai Kindly
laiai Share Your
laiai to OurlaEmail
laiai laiai laiai
laiai i i ilai
saaslaais
This aailai
saaslSample,
Onlydfor
ilai
saaslaaBook
ai or
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a d
PaAll Leading a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
d
PaPa d d
d d d
a d d
PaPa d d
PaPa d PaPdad
→ ∧ 14. Three capacitors are 2µF
laiai 9. Ansaselectric
laailai field sEas=laa10
ilaix i exists in ai certain
saaslaala
i iai
saaslaalconnected saainai i
slalatriangle aslaaA ilai
saas
B i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d a a
region of space.
d a a
Then the a
potential
d difference d a d a d a d a as
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d shown a
P Pin d
a the figure. a d
P Pa The a
P Pa d PaPdad
V = V0 – VA, where V0 is the potential at the equivalent capacitance 1µF
2µF
laiai origin ai VA is the

laailand potential
i i at x = 2lam is: ibetween the points i i A and C aislailai
adsaasal asaas10 a saaslaala (b) – d20 a sV
aasailai a saaslaala
i
a saaslaala a sasa salaala
C da as
i i
as
d
PaPa(a)
d V d
PaPa d PaPa d PaPad d (a) 1μF
PaPad d PaPad d PaPa d PaPdad
(c) +20 V (d) –10 V (b) 2 μF
m
laiai [ Ans. (c) +20 V] (c) 3 μF
adsaasal a saaslaailai a saaslaailai asaaslaailai a saaslaailai a
i i
saaslaala a
i i
saaslaala a saaslaala
i i
as
a d d
P PaA thin conducting
10. a d d
P Pa spherical a d
a d
P Pshell of radius a
P Pad d 1 a d
Pa d a
P Pad d a d d
Pa2 μF] PaPdad
(d) PµF [Ans. P(b)
co
R has a charge Q which is uniformly distributed 4
on itslasurface. The correct
aailai plot forselectrostatic iTwoi metallicalspheres of radii
laiai
adsaasal
i i
saasala due todathissaaslspherical aslaailai 15.
saaslaala sasaala
i i
saalaa1ilacm
–2 s
i and 3 cm i i
s–2aaslaala as
potential
a shell
a a is a are given a a a
PaPacharges of –1PaP × a10 C and 5P×aPa 10 C
d d [PTA-1] d d d d
PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d d d d PaPdad
V V respectively. If these are connected by a
.
conducting wire, the final charge on the bigger
laiai (a) lailai aailai (b) aailai aailsphere
i i ilai i i
adsaasal
l l l
s a is asaasla alai (AIIPMT saaslaa-2012; saaslaala
ELECTROSTATICS
ks
a saas a a saas a s
a as a saa a May-2022)
a as
a d d
P Pa O a d
P Pa rd PPa
Oa
d d a d
Pr Pa d a d
a d a da d a da d PaPdad
R R (a) 3 P×P10–2 C P P (b) 4 × 10-2 P CP
V V (c) 1 × 10-2 C (d) 2 × 10-2 C
laiai i
la a i alala i i alala i i alala i i alalai i i i
saaslaala(a) 3 × 10 –2 ala
sala
i i
adsaasal asaasal
d(c) dasasa (d) dasasa dasasa dasasa da[Ans. dasaC] as
PaPdad
PaPad PaPad
oo
PaOPad PaPad PaPad PaPad PaPad
II. Short Answer Questions :
O R r
R r
V
laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
iai
saaslaalWhat
ilai
saaslaaby
iai
saaslaalof
i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d a
[ d a (b) d a ] d a1. is d
meant
a quantisation
d a charges?
d a as
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d Ans. a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
www.Padasalai.Net
Ans. (i) The charge q on any object is equal to an
ab
O
R r integral multiple of the fundamental unit
laiai lailai i i
saaslaaBla are maintained
i i i i
saaslaala at a dadsaaslaala
i i
saaslaae.la
of charge i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
adsaasal 11.adaTwo
adsaasapoints Adaand d a d a d a d a as
P P potential ofP7aPVd aPa d
a and –4 VPrespectively. PaPa
The PaPa d d
PqaP=a ne PaPa d PaPdad
work done in moving 50 electrons from A to (ii) Where n is any integer (0, ±1, ±2, ±3,
ur
laiai B is laiai ±4………..). laailai This is called quantisation oflaiai

adsaasal as asal a s aslaailai a s aslaaila–17
i
as aslaailai electric
a s ascharge. a s aslaailai asaasal as
PaPda(a)
d 8.80 × 10PaPdJ (b)Pa–8.80
dad × 10 J Padad
a –17 a a a a a
ad P P PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad
(c) 4.40 × 10–17 J (d) 5.80 × 10–17 J 2. Write down Coulomb’s law in vector form and
.s
[ Ans. (a) 8.80 × 10 –17

J]
laiai l la ai i l a ai i l a ai i
l a aimention
i what aeach i i term represents.
saslala ai i
l a aslala ai i
adsaasal 12.adaIfadsvoltage
aasa asaasal
applied asaasal asaasal aPdaada to Coulomb,asaasal daadsathe as
PP PaPdad on a capacitor
PaPdad is increased
PaPdadAns. (i) According
P PaPdad the force
PaPon PaPdad
from V to 2V, choose the correct conclusion. point charge q2 exerted by another point
w
[Govt. MQP-2019; Mar-2020]

laiai ilai aslaailaiC is doubled i i i i charge aq1la
isiai i i i i
adsaasal d
(a)
a saasQlaaremains the
d a ssame,
a d asaaslaala d a saaslaala d a sasal→ d a saaslaala d a saaslaala as
a d
P Pa(b) Q is doubled, a d
P Pa C doubled P Pa a d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d P q aq
a d ∧ a
P Pa d PaPdad
F21 = k P1 2 2 r12
w
(c) C remains same, Q doubled r

(d) Both ∧
laiai i i Q and C remainai i same salaailai ai i i i ilai i i
adsaasal d[
a saaslaalaAns. (c)
d aC slala
saaremains same,
d a Q
a s doubled] dadsaaslala where
d a saasrlaa12lais the dunita saaslaavector d a saaslaala
directed as
aa d aa d aa d aa d
aPa charge q P
from d
toaPcharge
a d
q2 andPakPais the PaPdad
w
PP PP PP PP P 1
13. A parallel plate capacitor stores a charge Q at a proportionality constant.
voltage V. Suppose the area of the parallel plate
laiai aslaailai and the aslaailai between aslthe ai Also skaslaa=ilai 1
aailaiplates salaail(ii) ai i
slala its value
i i
saasislaala
adsaasal dcapacitor
a s
a d a s
adistance d a s
a d a a s d a a 4 πε d a saaand d a as
a d
P Paare each doubled a d
P Pa then which a
P Pis d
a the quantity a
P Pa d a d
P Pa 9 2 –2P0Pa a d a
P Pa d PaPdad
that will change? [QY-2019; Sep-2020; FRT-'22]
k = 9 × 10 Nm C . Here e 0
is the permittivity
laiai (a) aCapacitance

i i i i (b) Charge i i i i of free aspace
ai i or vacuum and
i i its valueaislailai
adsaasal asaslaala asaaslaala a saaslaala a saaslaala a sa slala saaslaala s sa as
d
PaPa(c)
d Voltage d
PaPa d (d) Energy
d
PaPa d density d
PaPa d P d
aPa d 1 P d a
aPa–12 2 –1 –2PaPdaada
d PaPdad
[Ans. (d) Energy density] ε0 = = 8.85 × 10 C N m
4πk
laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d a da d a 11
d a d a d a d a as
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
laiai Kindly
laiai Share Your
laiai to OurlaEmail
laiai laiai laiai
laiai i i ilai
saaslaais
This aailai
saaslSample,
Onlydfor
ilai
saaslaaBook
ai or
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a d
PaAll Leading a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
a a a a a as
d
PaPa d d
PaPa d d
PaPa d ➠ XIIPStd
aPa - Physics
d d PaPa- Volume-I
d d d
PaPa d d
PaPa d PaPdad
3. What are the differences between Coulomb →
aslaailaEi = F = kq as=lala q2 r asaaslaailai

→ ∧ ai 1i
laiai ai i
force i i
slala and gravitational
aailaiHY - 2019]salaailai
saslaala force? sasl[QY;
∧
adsaasal da a sa aa aa s aa asa a2sr
a as
Pad
PaAns. PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad qP0 aPdard 4πε 0 rPaPdad PaPdad
∧
S. Coulomb Gravitational (ii) Here r is the unit vector pointing from q
laiai Nol ailai l a ilai l a ilai l a ilai to sthe ilai of interest
aslaapoint i i
saaslaaP.la
i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d a a
sasa d a a
sasa d a a
sasa d a a
sasa d a a d a d a as
d
PaPa i) It may d
PaPabe attractivePaP d
Ita is PaPa
always
d (iii)
PaPThe d
a electric field d
PaPais a vector quantity.PaPa d PaPdad
m
or repulsive. attractive in nature. (iv) SI unit is Newton per Coulomb (NC–1).
laiai laailaiIt dependssaupon
saasii) ai i
slala
It does ilai depend al6.
saaslaanot
i i
sasaala Whatdisadsmean aslaailaiby ‘electric ai i
saafield
slala lines’?dadsaaslala
ai i
adsaasal d a d a a d a d a a d a as
a
P Pa d medium
a
P Pa d upon
a
P Pa d the medium a d
P Pa Ans. Electric a
P Pa field vectors a d
P Pa are visualized a
P Pa by the PaPdad
co
iii) It is always greater It is lesser than concept of electric field lines. They form a
laiai i iin magnitude ai i coulomb ilaforce
i i i set of continuous i i lines which ilai are the visual
aslaailai
adsaasal d a saaslaala because d of
a slala
saahigh d a saaslaavalue
because of d a saaslaala representation
d a saaslaalaof the electric
d a saaslaafield in some
d a sa
region as
PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d
of P
aPa
space.
d PaPa d PaPa d PaPdad
value of G is
K = 9 × 109 Nm2 C–2 6.67 × 10–11 Nm2 kg–2
.
7.i The electric ifield lines neveri intersect. Justify.
laiai l a i a i l aailai l aailai
same dadasala l a i saaslaala
i
saaslaala
i i i
saaslaala
adsaasal l
ks
a saasiv) The force
a a saa
between
s Itdis
a saa
always
s s a a a a[PTA-4] as
a d
P Pa d a d d a d a a d d a d d a d d PaPdad
Pa will
thePcharges PP a
whether the two P Pa Ans. If some P Pa charge is placed P Pain the intersection P Pa point,
not be same during masses are rest or then it has to move in two different directions at
laiai i imotion or rest. i i motion i i i i the same atime, i i which is aphysically
ailai impossible. i i
adsaasal d a saaslaala d a saaslaala d a saaslaala d a saaslaala Hence, d a saslaala field lines
electric d a slanot
sado d a
intersect. saaslaala as
PaPdad
Pa4. d
Pa Write a short d
PaPanote on superposition
PaPa
ood PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d
Unit 1
principle.
8. Define ‘electric dipole’. Give the expression for
Ans. According to this superposition principle, the
the magnitude of its electric dipole moment
laiai laailaforce
total i acting aailaai given charge
aslon aslaailaisi equal to aslaailai and theasdirection.
aslaailai aslaailai i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d a saas d a sa d a sa d a sa d a d a sa d a[PTA-5] as
a d
P Pa the vectorPsum a d
Pa of forces exerted a d
P Pa on it by all a
P Pthe
a d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
www.Padasalai.Net
Ans. (i) Two equal and opposite charges separated
ab
other charges.
by a small distance constitute an electric
laiai Consider
a ilai a system a ilofi n charges, namely
a ilai q1, q2, alailai dipole. i i i i i i
adsaasal d a a l
saqsa….q . The dforce a a l
sason a
a q exerted d a aa
sby l
sa the charge dqa sasa d a saaslaala d a saaslaala d a saaslaala as
aa 3
PP d nPP aa d 1 PPaa d PPa a2d (ii) a The
PP d PP d
a magnitude aofathe electric dipole PP d
a amoment PaPdad
→ q1q2  is equal to the product of magnitude of one of
F12 = k 2 r21
ur
laiai r the charges ilai and the distance between them.

adsaasal as aslaailai a s aslaailai 21 a s aslaailai as aslaailai a sasla a a s aslaailai a aslaailai
sato as
a d
P Pa d aTh
e force on
a dq
P Pa 1d a
exerted by the
a
P Pad a
charge
d q is a d
P Pa d a a
P Pad pd a= 2qa and it
a
P Pais
d ddirected
a fromad
P Pa–qd +q PaPdad
3
→ q1q2 
.s
F13 = ik 2
r31 9. Write the general definition of electric dipole
laiai l a i a i l a a i r l a ilai i i
sasaala moment
l aslaailaacollection
safor
i ilai charge. alailai
aslaapoint
saof
adsaasal d a a
sasa l
d a a l
sasa 31 dadsasa a
da a
d a da asasa as
d
PaPThe
a total forcePacting d
aPa on the charge PaPa q due to allPother aPa d
Ans. PaP
The a d
electric dipole P aPa
moment
d
for a PaPdad of 'n'
collection PaPdad
1
w
n
charges is given by → →
point chargesi isi given by, P =i ∑ qi r i
laiai aailai → →salaa→
saasl→
i i
s la aslaailai lsaailai sasla a lsaalai=i 1 i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d a F tot
= F +d a
F a + F a s→
+..........
d a
F d a s
a a
where d a
r ais
a l
the position
d a s
a a
vector of charge d aq from as
a
P Pa d 1
a d
12 Pa 13
P 14
a
P Pa 1n d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d i a
P Pa d a
P Pa i d PaPdad
w
the origin.
{
laatotilai= k q1q2s i qq q q ilai
→
laiai F raslaa+lai1 2 3  r31 +asa1a2sl4aa
r41 +... asaasl10. aailai Define ‘electrostatic
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala[PTA-6;dAug-2021
potential'.
i i
saaslaala]
adsaasal a s
a as 1 2ada21 a a a as
d
PaPa d PaPra21
d r31 PaPa r41
d d d d
PaPa Ans. The PaP da d
electric
d d
PaPata a point P isPequal
potential
d
aPa to the PaPdad
w
q1qn { work done by an external force to bring a unit

..
. .. + 
r
laiai
adsaasal a s aslaailai a s arsn2l1aailani1 a s aslaailai a s aslaailai positiveacharge
s aslaailawith
i constant
a s aslaavelocity
ilai from infinity
a
i i
saaslaala as
a d
P Pa d a a
P Pa d d a a
P Pad d a a d
P Pa d a to the
a dpoint
P Pa d a P in the region
a
P Pa d d a of the external
a d
P Pa delectric PaPdad
5. Define ‘electric field’. field E .
sa(i)ai iThe electric

saasfield
laailaiat the point
saasPlaaat
laiai Ans. a ilaia distance al11. i i ilai ai i i i
adsaasal d a slala d a da d a sasaala Whatdisadsan
aaslaaequipotential
d a saasurface?
slala d a saaslaala as
PaPa d r from
PaPathe point charge
d PaPa q is thePforce
d d
aPa Ans. AnPequipotential
aPa d
PaPa is a surfacePon
surface d
aPawhich all PaPdad
experienced by a unit charge and is given by the points are at the same electric potential.
laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
laiai Kindly
laiai Share Your
laiai to OurlaEmail
laiai laiai laiai
laiai i i ilai
saaslaais
This aailai
saaslSample,
Onlydfor
ilai
saaslaaBook
ai or
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a d
PaAll Leading a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
d
PaPa d d
d d d
a d d
PaPa d d
PaPa d PaPdad
12. What are the properties of an equipotential (ii) A sensitive electrical instrument which
laiai surface?
l a i a i l a i a i l a i a i l a i i
saasala is to be aailai
saaslprotected from laailai electrical
saasexternal
i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d a saasal d a saasal d a saasal d a d a d a d a as
Ans. d
P Pa(i) The work
a a
P Pdoned
a to movePa P a d
a q between
charge a
P Pa d aPa d
disturbance
P a
canPbePa
d
kept inside this a a d
P Pcavity. PaPdad
any two points A and B, W = q (VB – VA). This is called electrostatic shielding.
(ii) If the points A and B lie on the same
laiai i i
saaslaaequipotential
la a i i
slala work
i i
aslaalais zero a18. i
saaslaalWhat
a i i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d a d a saasurface, d a sdone
a d is d
Polarisation?
a d a d a as
PaPa d
becausePV
aPa d
= VB. PaPa d d
PaPa Ans. (i) P aPa d
Polarisation
PaPa d
p is defined as the total
d
PaPdipole
a PaPdad
A
m
(iii) The electric field is normal to an equipotential moment per unit volume of the dielectric.
laiai asurface.
i i If it is not
a i normal,
i then a there
i i is a a i i i i aslaailai i i
adsaasal a
l l a
saasacomponent a
ofsathel
asal a
field a
parallel
asal
sto
a
l
the
a
surface. a
l
saasal a
a saaslaala → dads→ a a saaslaala as
a d
P Pa d a
P Pad d a
P Pad d a
P Pad d a
P Pad d p =
a
P Paeχ E ext a d
P Pa d PaPdad
co
13. Give the relation between electric field and
(ii) χe = electric susceptibility.
electrici potential. i i [PTA-6]
laiai i
saaslaala a positive aslaalaq kept fixed i
saaatslaathe
la i i ai
saaslaalWhat
i i
saaslaala strength?
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
adsaasal Ans.dConsider
a d a scharge
a d a origin. d a19. is dielectric
d a d a d a as
d
PaPaTo move a unit d
PaPpositive
a
chargePby
aPa d
a small distance
d
PaPa Ans. The Pmaximum aPa d d
PaPa field the Pdielectric
electric
aPa d PaPdad
dx towards q in the electric field E, the work done can withstand before it breakdowns is called
.
is given by dW = –E dx. The minus sign implies
laiai saasaldielectric strength.
a i i a i i a i i a i ai i i i i i i
adsaasal
l a
al is done l
asal a l l a l saaslaala saaslaala saaslaala
ELECTROSTATICS
ks
d a saaswork
that d a sagainst
a the a saasafield.
electric
d This d a d a d a d a as
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
work done is equal to electric potential difference. 20. Define ‘capacitance’. Give its unit.
Therefore, Ans. (i) The capacitance C of a capacitor is defined
laiai i
saaslaala
i
saasdW
i i
laala = dV saslaala i i i
saaslaala as ratio
i
saaof
i i magnitudeaof
athe
slala
ilai
saslaacharge on either i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d a d a d a a d a d a d a d a as
PaPdad
PaPa d d
PaPa dV = –E
(or)
oo
PaPdxa d PaPa d P d
ofaPthe
a conductor a d
PaPplates aPa d
to the Ppotential
Hence E = – d V difference existing between them.
dx Q
laiai laailai field issathe laailanegative
i aslaailaiof the asaaslaailai aslaailaiC = i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
adsaasal dThe
a saaselectric
d a a s d gradient
a s a d d a sa V d a d a as
a d
P Paelectric potential. a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
www.Padasalai.Net
ab
(ii)
The SI unit of capacitance is coulomb per
14. Define ‘electrostatic potential energy’. volt or farad.
laiai laailai laailai laailai laailai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
adsaasal a saa
Ans.dElectric
s potential a s aa
energy
s is defineda s a
aas
s the work a saas a a a as
d
PaPadone in bringing d d
PaPa the various d d
PaPcharges
a PaPa 21. WhatPisaPCorona
to their
d d d
a d discharge?d d
PaPa [Mar-2020;PMay-2022] d
aPa d PaPdad
respective positions from infinitely large mutual Ans. (i) The electric field near the edge is very high
ur
laiai separation.i i i i i i i i and it ionizes i i the surrounding i i air. i i

adsaasal a saaslaala a saaslaala a saaslaala a saaslaala a saaslaala a saaslaala a saaslaala as
a d d
P PaDefine ‘electric a da d
P Pflux’ a
P Pad d a
P Pad d (ii) The
a
P Pad positive
d ions are
a
P Pa d drepelled at the
a d
P Pasharp
d PaPdad
15.
edge and negative ions are attracted towards
Ans. (i) The number of electric field lines crossing
.s
the sharper edge.

laiai laaailagiven
i area kept laailanormal
i to athe laailaelectric
i laail(iv)
ai This reduces i i
saaslaalathe totaldcharge
iai
saaslaalof
i i
saaslaala
adsaasal a saas field lines a s aas a s a s a saas a a the conductor
a as
d
PaPa d PaPisa called electric
d d PaPflux.
da d PaPad d P d
aPa
near
d
the sharp edge.
d
PaPaThis is calledPaction d
aPa d
of PaPdad
(ii) It is a scalar quantity
w
points or corona discharge.

laiai (iii) laItsi unit is Nm2Cla
i
–1
i i a i i a i i i i i i i i
adsaasal d a saasal a
d a saasal a
d a saasall a
d aIII.
l a
saasalLong dAadnswer saaslaala questions d a saaslaala : d a saaslaala as
a
16. P d
P aWhat is meant a
P byP d
a electrostatic a
P energy
P a d density?
P a
P a d a
P a
P P a
P a d a
P a
P d PaPdad
w
Ans. The energy stored per unit volume of space is Discuss the basic properties of electric charges.
1.
Ans. (i) Electricla charge
iai :
laiai
adsaasal defined
i i
saaslaalaas energy aslaailai u = asaUaslaaila.i From asaaslaailai
sdensity salobjects
saaost laailai
saasuniverse
i i
saaslaala as
d
PaPa
a
d d
PaP1a
a
d a E d
PaPVolume
a d PaPad d (i)
PaPa d a
dM
in
d
PaPa the
ad are
PaPadmade
a
d PaPdad
w
equation uE = e0E2. up of atoms, which in turn are made

2 up of protons, neutrons and electrons.
laiai l a i a i l a ilai l a ilai la ilai
(ii)
i i
saaslaala particles laailai mass, saan ai i
slala
adsaasal 17. dWrite
a saa a l
s a short note d a saon
as ‘electrostatic
a d a sashielding’
as a . da as
s a a d aThese
d a saashave da a as
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a d
P Pa inherent PpropertyaPa d a
Pa d
of Pparticles. PaPdad
Ans. (i) Consider a cavity inside the conductor.
Whatever be the charges at the surfaces Similarly, the electric charge is another
laiai i i i i i i i i intrinsic
i i and fundamental i i propertyaoflailai
adsaasal a saaslaaand
la whatever a aslaathe
sabe la electrical
a aaslaala
sdisturbances a saaslaala a saaslaala a saaslaala asasa as
d
PaPa d d d
aPaelectric fieldPinside
outside,Pthe
d d
aPa the cavityPisaPa d d PaPa particles. PaPa
d d d d PaPdad PaPdad
zero. (iii) The SI unit of charge is coulomb.
laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
d a d a d a d a as
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
laiai Kindly
laiai Share Your
laiai to OurlaEmail
laiai laiai laiai
laiai i i ilai
saaslaais
This aailai
saaslSample,
Onlydfor
ilai
saaslaaBook
ai or
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a d
PaAll Leading a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
a a a a a as
d
PaPa d d
PaPa d d
PaPa d ➠ XIIPStd
aPa - Physics
d d PaPa- Volume-I
d d d
PaPa d d
PaPa d PaPdad
(iii) –Q are transferred from negative terminal Since capacitances of the capacitors are different,
laiai l ai
saasal to the right
a i aailai of C3 which
saaslplate
i i
saaslaalapushes the
i i
saaslaala the charge ilai in eachalcapacitor
saaslaastored sasaala
i i is not ilai
saaslaathe
a
P Pa d electrons
a d
P Pa of same amount a d
P Pa –Q from P Pleft
a a d same. d
P PaLet the chargePstored
a d
Pa in the three
a d
P Pcapacitors
a a PaPdad
plate of C3 to the right plate of C2 due to be Q1, Q2, and Q3 respectively. According to the
electrostatic induction. At the isame time, law of conservation of totali charge, the sum
laiai laailaelectrons
i laailai –Q are transferred
laalai i i
saaslaala laailai laalai aslaailai
adsaasal d a saas d aof
saacharge
s d a saas fromd a of these
d a saa
three
s charges
d a sis
aasequal to the
d a scharge
a as
PaPa d
left plate
d
PaPa of C to positive d
PaPa terminal P aa
ofPthe
d
QP
aPa d
transferred PaP
by the
a d
battery, PaPa d PaPdad
1
m
battery. Q = Q1 + Q2 + Q3 ...... (1)
laiai (iv)
l a i a i
saasal e capacitances
Th i i
saaslaala of thedacapacitors
i i
saaslaala are din
i i
saaslaala laailai i i
saaslaala aslaailai
adsaasal d a d a a Since Q
d a s=aasCV we haved a d a sa as
a
P Pa d generala d
P Padifferent, so P that
a d
Pathe voltage across a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
Q = C1V + C2V + C3V ...... (2)
co
each capacitor is also different and are
denoted as V1,i Vi2 and V3 respectively. The
laiai laailai laala laailai i i
saaslaala aslaailacapacitors
If these sthree i
sare
ilai
aslaaconsidered to laailai
saasform
adsaasal d a saas sum of dthe
a saas voltages across
d a saas the capacitord a da a d a a d a as
PaPa d d
PaPaequal to the P
must be
aPa d
voltage
PaPa
of the battery.
d a singled
PaPa equivalentPcapacitance
aPa d which
CP P d
aPa stores PaPdad
the total charge Q as shown in the Figure(b),
V = V1 + V2 + V3 ...... (1)
.
then we canaiwrite i Q = CPaV.laaSubstituting thisaiini
laiai lsaailai lsaailai Q QsaslaaQilai i i
saaslaala aslala ilai aslala
adsaasal
ks
s a s a equation s (2), we get s s s as
d a a Since Q d=a CV;
a V = +d a a+ d a a
ad d a a
ad d a ad da a
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a d
CP1 PaC2 C3
a
P Pa d P Pa P Pa P Pa PaPdad
CpV = (C1V + C2 V+ C3V)
laiai
adsaasal aas as
i
laala
= Q
i )1 1 1
+ +i i
C1 sC
ada as l2aalaC3 ) s
daada
aslaailai
...... (2) ai i
= aCs1aa+sla
al la
daadsasa aCla2 + C3 dasaaslaala
Cp
i i la a
asaasal
i i i i
as
PaPdad (v) I f three PaPdacapacitors PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad
a
in series
P
oo
P are considered P aP PaPad
Unit 1
Thus, the equivalent capacitance of capacitors

to form an equivalent single capacitor Cs
connected in parallel is equal to the sum of
laiai lsaailaishown in sFigure
lsaailai(b), then we aailai V = Q salaailai the individual
lshave i i
saaslaala capacitances.
i i
saaslaala The equivalent
i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d a s
a a
d a a
a d a s
a a Cd a a s da d a d a as
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a d
P Pa into equation a
P Pas d a
P Pa d
capacitance a d
Pa connection
CP in aPparallel a d
P Pais always PaPdad
www.Padasalai.Net
Substituting this expression
ab
(2), we get greater than the largest individual capacitance.

laiai i i
saaslaala Q sasla
i
l1ai 1 1as aslaalai i aailai
saasl21.
ilai
aslaadetail i i
saaslaala are distributed
i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d a d a=aQ a +
a+dada d a Explain
d a sain howd charges
a d a as
PaPa d PaP
Cas
d  C1 CP 2 PC3  PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d PaPdad
in a conductor, and the principle behind the
1 1 1 1
ur
= + + ...... (3) lightning conductor.

C C C C slaailai
laiai ai i lsala1ai i 2 lsala lsaailai i i
saaslaala two conducting
i i
saaslaala spheres aslaailai
adsaasal
s 3
s a s a s a s a sa as
d a a d a a d a a d a a Ans. (i) Consider
d a d a d a A and
a
P Pa d This equivalent
a
P Pa d capacitance aC
P PSais
d always less than
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
the smallest individual capacitance in the series. B of radii r1 and r2 respectively connected
.s
Capacitor in parallel : to eachi other by a thin conducting wire ias

laiai laailai laailai laailai laailai laalai laailai aslaalai
adsaasal d a s
a as
Consider three
d a s
a as
capacitors ofd a s as
capacitance
a C , C
da saas shown
d a saas in the Figure.
d a s aaThe
s distance
d between
a sa as
PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d P1aPa 2 d d
PaPthe
a d
PaPa greater than
spheres is much
d
PaPathe radii PaPdad
and C3 connected in parallel with a battery of
w
voltage V as shown in Figure (a). of either spheres.

laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saAaslaala q1 i i
saaslaalaq2
i i
saaslaala
a
P Pa d a d
P Pa Q a d
P Pa Q a
P Pa d a
P Pa d r
1
a
P Pa d B
r
a
P Pa d PaPdad
w
+ 1 Q 2 3
Thin conducting wire
2
-
V C1 C2 C3
laiai i i i i i i i i Twolaconductors
i are connected
ilai i i
adsaasal d a saaslaala d a saaslaala d a saaslaala d asaaslaala d a alai conducting
saasthrough d a saaslaawire d asaaslaala as
PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d aa d aa d d
PaPany
a PaPdad
w
(a) (ii)P PIf a charge QPisPintroduced into one of

the spheres, this charge Q is redistributed
laiai i i
saaslaala + asasla
i
alai aslaailai i i
saaslaala into ilai the spheres
saaslaaboth
i i
saaslaala such dthat
ilai
saaslaathe
adsaasal
Q
a a C dasa a a a a as
a d
P Pa d V
-a
a
PP d d a
P PaPd a d
P Pa d a d
a d
P Pelectrostatic a
Pa
d d
potential
P a d
Paboth the
is samePin PaPdad
spheres. Let q1 be the charge residing on
laiai i i i (b)i i i i i the a surface
i i of sphereaAlaand i i q is the charge i i
adsaasal d asaaslaala d asaaslaala da saaslaala d a saaslaala d a saslaala d a sasala 2 dadsaaslaala as
PaPa (a) Capacitors
d in parallel
PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d PaPresiding
a d on the surface
PaP a d of sphere
PaPBasuch that PaPdad
(b) Equivalent capacitance with the same total charge Q = q1 + q2.
laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
laiai Kindly
laiai Share Your
laiai to OurlaEmail
laiai laiai laiai
laiai i i ilai
saaslaais
This aailai
saaslSample,
Onlydfor
ilai
saaslaaBook
ai or
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a d
PaAll Leading a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
d
PaPa d d
d d d
a d d
PaPa d d
PaPa d PaPdad
The electrostatic potential at the surface of (v) The negative charge pushed to the spikes
laiai ilai
saaslaathe sphere A sis laailai by
asgiven i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala passes aslaailai the copper
sathrough
ilai and is safely
saaslaarod
i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d a d a a d a d a d a d a d a as
a
P Pa d a d
P Pa 1 q a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a d
Pa to the Earth.
diverted
P a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
1
VA = ...(1)
4πε 0 r1 (vi) The lightning arrester does not stop the
laiai saasla
i i
ala electrostatic
i i
saaslaapotential
la i i
saaslaasurface
la of dasaasla
i
alai lightning;
ilai
saaslaarather it diverts
saaslaathe
ilai lightningatolailai
adsaasal d(iii)
a The d a atathe
d d a d a asasa as
PaPa d
the sphere
d
PaPaB is given byPaPa d PaPa d Pthe d
aPaground safely. PaPa d PaPdad PaPdad
22. Explain in detail the construction and working
m
1 q2
V =
laiai
adsaasal
a s aslaailai B 4aπε s as0laaril2ai...(2) a s aslaailai a s aslaailof ai a Van desGraaff
a aslaailai generator. a s aslaailai a
i i
saaslaala as
a d d a
P Pa(iv) The surface a d d a
P Pa of the Pconductor a
Pa
d d a a dad a a
P Pa d d a a
P Pa d d a
[QY-2019; FRT, a
P Pa d
July-'22]
d PaPdad
is P anP
co
Ans. It is a machine which produces large electrostatic
equipotential. Since the spheres are connected
ilpotential difference ilai of the order ofi 10 V.
7
laiai abyilathe
i conducting a ilawire,
i the surfaces a ilaof
i both a i a a i i i
adsaasal d a saas l a
the spheres d a saas l
together
a
form an
d a s as l a
equipotential
a d a saas l a a
Principle: d a saasl a d a s aas l a l a
d a saaslaala as
surface. This implies that Electrostatic induction and action at points.
.
VA = VB Construction: i
laiai lsaailai lsaailai lsaailai lsaailai a i
slala spherical aslaailai is fixed ai i
slala
adsaasal
ELECTROSTATICS
ks
a saa q1 a q2dadas a a saa a saa (i) Aalarge a saahollow a saconductor a saaon as
d d
P Pa or
a =P Pa...(3) a
P Pad d a
P Pad d d d a d d a d d PaPdad
PthePainsulating stand P Paas shown in the a
P Pfigure.
r1 r2
(ii) A pulley B is mounted at the centre of the
laiai (v) la Letilai the chargealdensity a ilai on the lsurface
a ilai of a ilai hollow asphere i i ilai C is fixed i i
adsaasal d a a
sasasphere A dbe a saσsaand that don a asa surface dadsasa
sathe a l
d a saslaala and another d a saaslaapulley d a saaslaala as
PaPdad
PaPa d PaPa 1 d
of sphere B be σ2. This implies that
PaPa
oo d PaPa PataPthed
a bottom. PaPa d PaPa d
q1 = 4πr12σ1 and q2 = 4πr2 2σ2. Substituting (iii) A belt made up of insulating materials like
laiai ilai values into ilai aiai i i silk or arubber laailai runs over bothi i pulleys. The i i
adsaasal d a saaslaathese d a saaslaaequation (3),
d a slalget
saawe d a saaslaala pulley d a sC
a sis driven a saaslaala by the electric
continuously
d d a saaslaala as
a d
P Pa σ Pr P=aσ r a d a
P Pa d a
P Pa
...(4)
d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
www.Padasalai.Net
ab
1 1 2 2 motor.
from which we conclude that (iv) Two combi i shaped metallic ilai conductors
laiai laailai laailai laailai laailai E andsDaslare aala laapulleys. i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d a s
σr
aas = d a saa
constant
s d a saas ...(5) d a saas d a a fixed near
d a s aa
the
s d a as
PaPa d Pa a d PaPa d Pa a d d
PaPacomb D is Pmaintained aPa d d
Papositive
a PaPdad
(vi) Thus theP surface charge density σ isP (v) The at a P
ur
inversely proportional to the radius of the potential of the order of 104 volt.
laiai ilai
saaslaasphere. laailai radius,sasthe
For saassmaller laailacharge
i iai
saaslaal(vi) The upper
iai
saaslaalcomb
i i
saaslaala to theda
E is connected
i i
saaslaala
inner
adsaasal d a d a a d a a d a d a d a as
a
P Pa d densityPwill a d
Pa be larger and a
P Pviced
a versa. P Pa a d P a d
Paof the hollow
side PP a d
a sphere. P Pa
metal
a d PaPdad
Lightning conductors :
.s
+ + + +
+ +
laiai (i) la This

i i is a device useda i to
i protect tall abuildings
i i a i i a i +
i +
i i i i
adsaasal l a l l a l l a l l a l l a s++aaslaala saaslaala
+ +
s as a s as a s as a s as a s as a as
d a a from lightning
d a a strikes. Itd works
a a on the d a a d a a + E B d a d a
PaPa d Pa a d PaPa d Pa a d PaPa d +
PaPa++ d PaPa d PaPdad
principlePof action at points or coronaP +
w
Rubber belt +
discharge. +
laiai i i i i i aslaailai i i
+
(ii) Thisa i
asal deviceaconsists i
asal of a long
a thick i
asal copper asaasal
a a i a i
adsaasal d a sa
l a
d sa
l a
d a sa
l a
d
l a
d a sa
l
asal a +
+ as
d a d a saaslaala as
a
P Pa d rod passing a d
P Pa from top ofPthe a d
Pabuilding to the a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P P+ a
+ d a
P Pa d PaPdad
w
ground. The upper end of the rod has a Insulating C

+D +
sharp spike or a sharp needle. stand –

laiai l a i a i l a i a i l a i a i l a i a i l a i a i l a ilai i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d
a
(iii) The
a l
sasa lowerdend a a
sasof l
aa
a the rod disasconnectedsa l a
to dadsasa l
d a a
sasa l
d a sasaa
d a as
PaPa d aPa d d
PaPa deep into the PaPa PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d PaPdad
w
copperPplate which is buried Working:

ground. When a negatively charged cloud
(i) Because ofi the high electric field near the i
laiai aisilapassing
i above aathe
ilai building, aitlainduces ilai a aailai aalai aailai i
adsaasal d a saa l a
s positive charge d a saa l
son the spike. d a sa s a d a saas l comb d a saa
D, l
s the air getsdionized. a s aas l
d a saaslaala as
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a d
P Panegative charges
(ii) The
a d
P Pa in air moveP towards aPa d PaPdad
(iv) Since the induced charge density on thin
sharp spike is large, it results in a corona the needles and positive charges are repelled
laiai l a ilai
sasadischarge.dThis l a ilai
saspositive charge l a ilai
sasionizes the asasa l a ilai towardsalthe i i
sasaalabelt duedato ai i
saaaction
slala of points.
i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d a a a a a d a a a d
a
d a d a as
PaPa d surrounding d
PaPa air which PinaPturn d
a neutralizes PaPa d (iii) P d
aPa+ve charges Pstuck
The d
aPa to the belt P d
aPa up
moves PaPdad
the negative charge in the cloud. end and reaches near the comb E.
laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
d a d a d a d a as
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
laiai Kindly
laiai Share Your
laiai to OurlaEmail
laiai laiai laiai
laiai i i ilai
saaslaais
This aailai
saaslSample,
Onlydfor
ilai
saaslaaBook
ai or
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a d
PaAll Leading a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
a a a a a as
d
PaPa d d
PaPa d d
PaPa d ➠ XIIPStd
aPa - Physics
d d PaPa- Volume-I
d d d
PaPa d d
PaPa d PaPdad
(iv) E acquires negative charge and the sphere Charge of each person q = ne
laiai i i
saaslaala acquires positive i i
saaslaala chargeddue saasto
ilai
laaelectrostatic i i
saaslaala alailai alailai 26 ailai
l–19
adsaasal d a d a a d a ∴ Charge dasaqs=a 10 × 1.6d×
dasasofa each person as10
aasa C as
a
P Pa d a d
induction.
P Pa a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPad PaPad PaP7 ad PaPdad
= 1.6 × 10 C
(v) The acquired +ve charge is distributed on Kq1 q 2
laiai i ithe outer surface i i of the sphere. i i i i Electrostatic
alaailforce aailaisi Fe =
ai betweenalus i i
adsaasal saaslaala saaslaala saaslaala saaslaala r sala
sala
2
d a d a d a d a asas daadsas a a as
d
PaPa (vi) Thus the
PaP d
a machine, continuously
PaPa d transfers
PaPa d PaPdad9´109 ´(1.6P´aP10 7 2
)
d d
PaPa 9 PaPdad
the positive charge to the sphere. = = 9 × 2.56 × 10 × 10 14
m
12
laiai (vii)i iThe leakagealof ailcharges
ai fromathe ilasphere
i can alailai Fe = 23.04 i i 23 ilai23 N i i
adsaasal d a saaslaala be reduced
d a saenclosing
saby it
d a saaslaa
in gas filled asasa
steel daada saslaal×a 10 N = 23
aa sas×laa10 saslaala dada as
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d P Pdad
a PaPmass
Also PaPdadm
of the person kgaPa
= 60 P PaPdad
chamber at a very high pressure.
co
\ weight = mg
(viii) The high voltage can be used to accelerate i= i 60 × 9.8 alailai
laiai laailai laailai laailai i i
saaslaala
i
saaslaala
i
saaslaala  g =d9.8
adsaasal d a saas positive
d a saa
ionss for the purpose
d a saas of nuclear
d a [ d a d a asamssa –2] as
PaPa d PaPa d
disintegrations
d
PaPa applications.
and other PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d PaPad PaPdad
W = 588 N
Exercises :
.
23
Fe Fe 23.04×10
laiai lsaailai lsaailai lsaailai lsaailai \ = sas= laailai =la iai × 1021 alailai
3.9183
adsaasal 588 dadsaasal
ks
a a a a
1.
a d
P Pa
a
d saWhen two a
P Pad a
d sa
objects are rubbed
a
P Pad a
d sa
with each other,
a
P Pad a
d sa Fg dadW
P a a a
P a a P a daadsasa as
PaPdad
P P = 3.9 × 1021 P
approximately a charge of 50 nC can be produced
in each object. Calculate the number of electrons
laiai ai i i i
saaslaala to produce
slalamust bedtransferred
iai
saaslaalthis saasl3.aailai Five identical i i
saaslaalachargesdQ saare
ilai
aslaaplaced equidistant i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d a sathat
a a d a charge.
d a a
onPaaPsemicircle
d asPshowna
aPa in the PaPa d a as
PaPdad
d
PaPa PaPa d PaPa d
oo PaPa d a d d y d
Unit 1
[PTA-6]
figure. Another point charge q is Q Q
Sol.: kept at the centre of the circle of R
Q q
laiai a
Given:i i
sal Charge
l a a
sproduced
l i a i q = 50anC l a i i
=l50 × 10 C;
a –9 l a i
saasal radius
a i
saasR.
l a i a i
al Calculate l a i a i
saasal the Q dadQsaaslaala
i xi
adsaasal d a saa d a aasal
d saasa d a d a d a as
a d
P Pa Charge ofPan a d
Paelectron e =P1.6 a d
Pa× 10–19 C P Pa a d a
P Pa d
electrostatic a a d
forceP Pexperienced a
P Pa PaPdad
www.Padasalai.Net
ab
by the charge q.
To find: No. of electrons n = ?
laiai aiai q = nesalaailai i i Sol.:
aailai ilai
adsaasal a slalknow
saWe
a a s a saaslaala a saasl a saaslaaacting aslaailai
sadue sQaslaailai as
d
PaPa d d
Pa×P10d
a −9 a
PaPad d PaPad d Th e forces
PaPad d on
PaPad a
q,
d to Q and
1Pa
d ad a are PaPdad
q 50 Pa 5
n= = = 31.25 × 10 electrons.
10 F 1
and F 5
. These forces are equal and opposite
ur
e 1.6 ×10 −19 direction. So cancel to each other

laiai ai i
slalatotal number
ilai
saaslaaof aiai
slalthe
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
Q i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
adsaasal 2.daadsaa saain 1
The d a electrons
d a human
d a d a d a d a as
a
PP a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
Qa
PP d a
P Pa d PaPdad
body is typically in the order of 1028. Suppose, 2
due to some reason, you and your friend lost F sin45°

.s
F cos45° 45º
2 2
laiai 1% i
slalof
i
a a this number i
saaslaala
i
of electrons. i i
saasCalculate
laala thesasla i
ala i i
saaslaala
F i
cos45° Q 45º i i
F sin45°
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
adsaasal saa 4 3 4
d a d a d a d a a d a d a d a as
d
PaPa electrostatic d
PaPaforce between PaPyoud
a and your friendPaPa d PaPa d PaPQa d PaPa
4
d PaPdad
separated at a distance of 1m. Compare this
w
Q 5
laiai with your

laailai weight. Assume
laailai mass of each person Forces due to Q and Q on q is resolved intoltwo
adsaasal a saa
is
s 60 kg and use
a saapoint
s charge s aslaailai
approximation.
a a a s
a aslaailai components.
a saaslaailai 2 4
a saaslaailai a
i i
saasaala as
a d
P Pa d a d
P Pa d a
P Pad d a d
P Pa d a
P Pad d a
P Pad d a d
P Pa d PaPdad
(i) Vertical component : Q2 sinq and Q4 sinq
w
Sol.: are equal and opposite. So they are cancel

Given: to each
laiai
adsaasal alailai
asasa alailai alailai alailai alaother.
ilai alailai alailai
PaPdad Number of daadsasa
PaPelectrons
asasa asasa
PaPdadbody = 1028PaPdad dad
aPHorizontal
(ii)P
asasa
PaPdad
Component
asasa
dad and
: QP2 aPcosq
asasa as
PaPdad
w
in human
Q4 cosq an equal and same direction.
Number of electrons in me and my friend after So they ican get added. i i
laiai lsaailaofi 1% (ie) saslaailai
loss lsaailai lsaailai lsaalai saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d a s
a a
d a a d a saa
d a saa
d a saa
d a d a as
a d
P Pa 1% of charge a d
P Paon 1028 electrons a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a d
P P∴a F = K qQ 2P P a a d
cos 45° + K P
a
qQ 4 Pa d
cos 45° PaPdad
24
R 2 R2
1
laiai =ilai × 10a28la=ila10
i 26 electrons. i i i i Total laailai acting onsaqslaadue
ilai to Q is alailai
adsaasal d a s
a as l a
a 100 d a s
a s a d a saaslaala d a saaslaala d a saasforce d a a 3 as sa
a as
PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d qQ3 PaPa d PaPdad PaPdad
d = r = 1m F = K
R2
3
laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
laiai Kindly
laiai Share Your
laiai to OurlaEmail
laiai laiai laiai
laiai i i ilai
saaslaais
This aailai
saaslSample,
Onlydfor
ilai
saaslaaBook
ai or
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a d
PaAll Leading a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
d
PaPa d d
d d d
a d d
PaPa d d
PaPa d PaPdad
Here Q = Q1 = Q2 = Q3 = Q4 = Q5 [  G = 6.67 × 10–11 Nm–2 kg–2]
1
laiai i i
saaslaala net force
i i i i
saFasl=aalFa15 + F24 +daFds3aaslaala laiai laiai laiai i i
saas9l]aala
adsaasal dResultant
a d a asaasal[ asaasal asaasal 4πε0 = 9 ×a10 as
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad
= 0 + F24 + F3 6.67 × 5.9 × 7.9 × 1035
q = 9 × 109
=F +F
laiai Total
ilai
laaforce laaila3i 24 i i
saaslaala
iai
saaslaal
i i
saa=slaala aslaailai i i
saaslaala
adsaasal aas as s
aa as a a aq a sa26 a as
PaPdad d
PadqQ2
qQ 2Pa
d d
PaPakqQ d
PaPa d d
PaPa d PaP×a10
34.532 d d d
PaPa d PaPdad
F = k. R2 + k. R2 . cos45° + .cos45°
m
R2 q = 5.87 × 1013 C.
laiai i i i i
saaslaalakqQ  dad2saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
iai
saaslaalTo laailai ilai
saaslaamoon
i i
saasislaala
adsaasal d a 1 + d a d a(b) find :dThe
a saasdistance between
d a & earth
d a as
a
P Pa d =
R 
a
P Pa 
2 
2
[  Q
a = d
P Pa 3Q = Q 2
= Q ]
a
P4Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
halved, the charge q = ?
co
Invector form,
laiai laailai kqQ saslaaila∧i laailai i1 . q1q22 = Gal.aamilEa.im2M ⇒ 1 aqlaa1qila2 i= GmEmM.alaailai
laaila4πε
adsaasal s
ada as da[a1d+a 2 ] i Padaada s a s aas as 0  r da
sas  r  sa0 s
πε
da4ad ss
aPdaada as
PaPdaTotal F = PaP 2 P PaPdad  a
P 2
P ad   Pa
2
P P PaPdad
R
1 q Q ∧
[1 + 2 ] i N ∵lakila=i 4πε 
1
.
F =   ∴q = 5.87 × 103i C (Similar to (a) part) i
laiai lsaailai 4πε R 2lailai l aailai l aalai l aailai saaslaala
i
adsaasal
ELECTROSTATICS
ks
s a s a a s 
a a 0 s a s a s a
d a a d0a as d a a s d a a s There will d a
nota sbe any changed a ain
s the chargedq. a as
4.
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa
Suppose a charge +q on Earth’s surface and
d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
another +q charge is placed on the surface of 5. Draw the free body diagram for the following
laiai theaMoon.
ai i (a) Calculate i the
i value ofaqlaarequired
ilai i ai i i ilai i i
adsaasal d a
to
sbalance
a d a saaslaala attraction
slala the gravitational d asas between d a saaslaalcharges as
d a saaslaala in the dfigure
shown a saaslaa(a), (b) and d a saaslaala
(c). as
PaPdad
PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d
oo PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d
Earth and Moon (b) Suppose the distance + -
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ -
between the Moon and Earth is halved, would + -
+ -
laiai ai i ilai m = 5.9 la×ia10i 24 kg, saslaailai -
asai +i i i i i
+
the slala q change?
saacharge saaslaa(Take → la la+
s--aaslaala saaslaala
m,Q
adsaasal E asasal
k
+ as as
E
d a d a d a d a a d a d a d a
d
P PamM = 7.9 × 10
a P Pkg)
a
22 a d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d + a
P Pa - d - - v→ P Pa a d PaPdad
www.Padasalai.Net +
+
ab
+q -q
+ - 0
Sol.: G iven: x=0 +
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
laiai (a) Mass laaofilathe
i earth maE l=aail5.9ai × 10 kgsaslaailai
24
laailai
(a)
laailai
(b)
laailai
(c)
i i
adsaasal d a saas d a sa s d22a a d a
Sol.:
saas d a saa s d a s aas d a saaslaala as
PaPaMass of the moon
d PaPa mM = 7.9 ×P10
d aPa kg
d PaPa d N Pa Pa d T PaPa d PFaP d
= -qa(-E) = qE PaPdad
Charge placed on earth and moon is q
ur
-kx qE
To find: The amount ofacharge required atoi balance QE
laiai la i a i l i ai l a i l a i a i l a i a i
saaslaala
i i
salaala
i i
adsaasal d a saasal
gravitational attraction
d a al
saasbetween earth
d a a al = ? dasaasal
asmoon
s& d a saasal d a mg da as as
a
P Pa d a
P a d a
P Pa d a
P a d a
mg P P
a d a
PmgPa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
If q is the chargePplaced on the moon & earth, thenP (c)
(b)
.s
(a)
1 q×q
laiai laailai Fe = saslaa2ilai i i
saaslaala ...(1) dad6.
iai
saaslaalConsider an aailai
saaslelectron
i i
saaslaalawith a dspeed
travelling
i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d a saas d4aπε a r d a d a da a as
PaPa d PaPa d 0
PaPa d PaPa vo and
d
PaPentering
a aa d
intoPaPuniform electric
d
PaPafield PaPdad
Fg = G . E m × m M ...(2)
w
→ →
i i r 2
i i i Ei which is perpendicular
i to vo i as shown in the i
a i a i a i a i a a i i i
l
adsaasal
a
d
a
l
saasal a
Fe =adFa
l
saasal a
d a
l
saasal a
d a
l a
saasalFigure. Ignoring
d a
l a saaslaalathe electron’s
saasal gravity,daobtain d a saaslaala as
a
P Pa d P Pa gd a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
acceleration, velocity and position as functions
w
1 q×q m ×m
== G . E 2 M of time.
πεi 0 i r 2
4a
laiai l la larilai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
adsaasal asaasa a asa
sam × m a a y
a a a as
PaPdad d d
PaPaG E d
M Pa a d d
PaPa d d
PaPa d d
PaPa d d
PaPa d PaPdad
w
P
q2 =  1  x
 4pe 
0
laiai i i i i i i i i i i i i i i
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
saaslaala saaslaala saaslaala
saaslaala → saaslaala saaslaala saaslaala
adsaasal d a d a d a d a v
d a →
E
d a da as
a d a d Gm × m a d a d a
– P Pa d a d a d PaPdad
0
P Pa q P P =
a E M P
Pa P Pa P Pa P Pa
 1  e P
 4πε 
0

+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
laiai i i
saaslaala aslaaila−11i i i
saa×sl7aa.9la× 1022 dadSol.:
i ai
saaslaalGiven
i i
saaslaaoflaan electrons
i i
saaslaa=lav
i i
saaslaala
adsaasal a a s67
a a 24 : Speed
a a a as
PaPa q P=aPa
d d d 6d. × 10 × 5. 9
PaPa×d10 d PaPa PaPad d PaPad d 0 d
aa
→ PP
d PaPdad
9
9 × 10 Unifrom Electric field = E
laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
d a d a d a d a as
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
laiai Kindly
laiai Share Your
laiai to OurlaEmail
laiai laiai laiai
laiai i i ilai
saaslaais
This aailai
saaslSample,
Onlydfor
ilai
saaslaaBook
ai or
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a d
PaAll Leading a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
a a a a a as
d
PaPa d d
PaPa d d
PaPa d ➠ XIIPStd
aPa - Physics
d d PaPa- Volume-I
d d d
PaPa d d
PaPa d PaPdad
(a) Electron's Acceleration: To find:
laiai ai i
slala
i i aslaailai
saaslaala II law,daFds= F saEe ai i ilai through alailai
saaslaaflux
slala The electric
i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d a saa
According todNewton's
a a ma ⇒ a = d a=a d a d a sasa d a as
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa a
P Pm d
a m a d a
P Pa rectangularP surface
a) Vertical Pa d a
ϕvert = ?P P
a d PaPdad
The force on the electrons due to uniform electric
According to Gauss law ϕ = E A cos θ
laiai ai i i iF Ee i i i i i i aslaail×ai0.05 × cos aslaailai
adsaasal asaa slalais F = eEda⇒
field saasalaa=la = dadsaaslaala a saaslaala a saaslaa=la 2 × 103d×ads0.15
ϕverticaldsurface a sa0º as
d
PaPa d PaPa d m m
PaPa PaPad d PaPa d a
PaP×a103 = 15 NmP2 aP d d PaPdad
= 0.015 Ca
–1
Therefore the down acceleration of electron due
m
 Ee  b) Electric flux through slanted surface
laiai tolaelectric
i i field, a a
= =
–
i i ϕslanted surface l=ail?ai
adsaasal a saasala a saaslaala m  dads→aslaailai ∧ asaaslaailai a saasa a saaslaala
i i
a
i i
saaslaala as
P Pa a = − eE . P
d d a dd ϕslantedd = E A cos θ
d d
a d
P Pa ∴ Acceleration a d
P Pa in vector form, a j aPa a a d
P Psurface a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
m 1
co
(b) Electron's Velocity:
θ = 60º ⇒ cos 60º =
2
laiai aiai
slalknow
ilai
saaslaaof
i i
saauslaa+laat
i i
saaslaala From the laailai
diagram, saaslaala
i i i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d asaa
We equation
d a motiondvad= d a d a saa s d a d a as
d
PaPa Here speed PaPof
a d
electron inP P
aa PaPa
horizontal direction
d PaPa d PaPa d d
PaPopposite
a PaPdad
5cm 60º sin 30º =
u = v0 hyp
.
30º
laiai ai i  −eE ai i i i i i i i i opposite i
adsaasal ⇒slalav = v0 + asaaslat la saaslaala saaslaala l a a
saasalOppositeda=dsa5ascm. l a a i
al hyp =dasaaslaalai
ks
asaa   a a a as
PaPdad PaPdadm a d
P Pa d a d
P Pa d a
P Pa d d a
P Pa a d
P Pasin 30º PaPdad
−eE 5 × 10 −2
⇒ v = v0 – t
hyp. =
laiai l a ilai m lailai i i i i
saasl∧aalaeE ∧ dadsaaslaala
i
laala i laa1ilai = 2 × 0.05 i i
saaslaala
adsaasal a a
sasa a a
sasa ®
a a saa s a saas a as
PaPa ∴ Velocity
d inavector formPυaPa= v i − . tP. ajPa
d d d d d PaPdad
d PaP d d
oo PaPa
d PaPa d 2 PaPa d
Unit 1
0
m = 0.10 m
(c) Position of an electron:
Area of the slanted surface
laiai aiai
slalknow
ilai
saaslaaof lailai 1 lailai aslaail=ai (0.10 ×a0.15)saaslaam
ilai2 i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d a saa
We equation
d a motion,d sds=aasuta + at2 adadsaasa
a dadsaA d d a as
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa 2 P Pa a
P Pa = EAPcosq
ϕslanted
aPa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
www.Padasalai.Net
ab
Here s = r = the position of an electron, u=v0 surface

ϕslanted surface = 2 × 10 × (0.10 × 0.15) × cos 60º
3
1  eaEi i 2 eE
laiai ai i aailat 2i i i alaail=ai 0.015 × 10al=aail15 ai Nm2 C–1 alaailai
3
adsaasal d a ∴
saaslarla= v0t + d2ad.saa−slamla t = vd0atds−aas2lm d a saaslaala adsas dadsas asas as
PaPa d PaPa PaPa d
PaPa c) Entire PaPdasurface ϕtot =P?aPa PaPdad PaPdad
∴ Position in vector form ϕtot = ϕvs + ϕs.s + ϕH.S [ Here ϕH.S = EA cos θ
ur
→ ∧ Ee ∧
laiai arslaaila=i v0 t i −asaaslaa.itla2 i j i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala asl+aail15
= –as15 ai + 0 θail=ai90º ; cosa90º
saasla
i i
saaslaa=la0
adsaasal d asa d 2 m d a d a d a d a d as
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d ϕtot
P= a d
Pa0. a
P Pa d P∴ a d
Paϕends = 0] PaPdad
7. A closed triangular box is kept in an electric
of magnitude iE = 2 × 103 N Ci–1 as shown 8.i The electrostatic potential is given as a
.s
field
laiai i i
ala figure. salaala i i i function of x
i in
i figure (i) andilai (ii). Calculate iai
adsaasal d a slathe
in
saa d a a s d a saaslaala da saaslaala the corresponding
d a saaslaala da saaslaafields
electric in da saaslaalA,
regions as
15cm B, C and D. Plot the electric field as a function
w
→ of x for the figure (b).

laiai
adsaasal a
i i
saaslaala a
i i
saaslaala asaaslaailEai a
i i
saaslaala
V
a
i i
saaslaala
V
30 sala
a a
i i
sala a
i i
saaslaala as
a d
P Pa d a d
P Pa d PaPdad a d
P Pa d a d d
P Pa C
A a d
20
P Pa d a d
P Pa d PaPdad
6
w
10
5cm 60° 4 B 3 5 x(cm)
D 0
1 2 4
-10
laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
2 i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d a d a d a d a d a d a -20
d a as
PaPa d Pa a d Pa a d Pa ad 0 Pa0.2 d
Pa0.4 0.6 x(m) Pa-30a d PaPa d PaPdad
w
Calculate Pthe electric P flux through Pthe (a)

P
(b)
(a) vertical rectangular surface (b) slanted
laiai laailai and (c)sentire
surface aslaailai surface.asaaslaailai aailai (a) E =sa–ldaaVilai= V2 − V1 salaailai
aslSol.: i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d a s
a a s d a a a sa xa as dx x2 − x1dadas a as
Pad Given: PaPad
PaSol.: PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPa a d
P Pa d PaPdad
(i) Region A
The magnitude of electric field E = 2 × 103 NC–1
laiai laailaof
Area i the surface laaAila=i 0.15 × 0.05 laailai l
aailai
dV
=la il5ai− 8 = −3 a=la–15 i i i i
adsaasal d a s
a a s d a s
a as d a s
a as d a saas ddx
a s
a as a0 . 2 − 0 0
d .
a sasala
2 d a saaslaala as
d
PaPa [From thePdiagram aPa d l = 15Pcm d
aPa= 0.15 m, b =P5aPcm a d PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d PaPdad
= 0.05m] ∴ Ex = –(–15) = 15 Vm
–1

laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
laiai Kindly
laiai Share Your
laiai to OurlaEmail
laiai laiai laiai
laiai i i ilai
saaslaais
This aailai
saaslSample,
Onlydfor
ilai
saaslaaBook
ai or
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a d
PaAll Leading a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
d
PaPa d d
d d d
a d d
PaPa d d
PaPa d PaPdad
(ii) Region B To create the spark, an electric field of
laiai aslaadiV ilai aslaailai aslaailmagnitude as3laaila×i 10 aVm aslaailais
i required. i i
6 –1
adsaasal a s lai 5 −a5saasla
a 0 a s a s ai
as s a saaslaala as
d a = d = = 0 d a∴ E = 0 d a (a) What d a
potential difference
d a must be applied
d
a
P Pa d
dx
a a d
0P.4P− 0.2 0.2 P P
a a d x a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
to produce the spark? (b) If the gap is increased,
(iii) Region C does the potential difference increase, decrease
laiai i
saaslaala
i i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
iai remains athe
saaslaalor
i i
saslaalasame? (c) aslaailathe
safind
i potential i i
saaslaala
PaPa d dV
d
P7aP−a5 2 PaPa
d PaPa d difference d d
PaPa if the gap isP1aPmm.
a PaPa d PaPdad
= = = 10 Sol.: Given:
m
dx 0.6 − 0.4 0.2
laiai i i i i i i (a) laiThe distance between two electrodes x = 0.6mmlaiai
adsaasal E a saaslaala dV dadsaaslaala –1 asaaslaala a s
a asalai a s
a aslaailai a s
a aslaaila=i 0.6 × 10a–3saam
sal as
a d
P Pa d x
= – a=
P Pa
dx (–10)Vm a d
P Pa d PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaP6dad –1 PaPdad
The magnitude of electric filed E = 3 × 10 Vm
co
(iv) Region D To find:
a ilai ilai 1 − 7 sasla i i i i ilPotential
i i i i i i i
a l
adsasa d asaaslaadV = d a a ala−6
= = – 30
d a saaslaala d a a l
sasa a a
d a saaslaala need to
difference
d a saaslaala sparkdadsaaslaala
produce as
PaPa d a
dx 0P.8P−a0.6
d a
0.2 P Pa
d PaPa d
(ie) VP=aP?a
d PaPa d PaPa PaPdad
V
dV
.
Formula: E =
laiai E aslaaxila=i – dx =a–(–30) i 30Vm–1. alaailai
aslaaila= i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala x sala
sala
i i
saaslaala
i i
adsaasal
ELECTROSTATICS
ks
a s
a sa asas a a a a a as
PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad a d
P Pa d a
P Pad ∴d V = aEd
P Pa. x
d a
P Pad d PaPdad
= 0.6 × 10–3 × 3 × 106
V
= 1800 V.
laiai (b) i i 30
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala (b) la ilai
sasa Since V dαadx,saswe la ilai
a come todknow
ilai
saaslaawhen the gap
i i
saasislaala
adsaasal d a da d a d a a a a d a as
PaPdad
PaPa d 20 Pa
Pa d PaPa
oo
d PaPa d PaPa potential also
increased, d
PaPincreases.
a PaPa d
10 (c) The distance, r = 1 mm = 1 × 10 m –3
0 x(cm) Electric field, Ea=i 3i × 106 Vm–1 ai i

laiai lsaailai−10 1 2 lailai3 4 5 i i lsaailai aslaailai
adsaasal s
aa a a s
a as a a saaslaala a saa New potential a saasladifference
la due
a
lala
saasto increase in
a sathe as
PaPdad −20
a d
P Pa d a d
P Pa d a d
P Pa d
gap. P P
a da d a d
P Pa d a
P Pad d PaPdad
www.Padasalai.Net
ab
−30 V = E. d = 3 × 10 × 1 × 106 –3
laiai i i i i i i i i = 3000 iV.i i i i i

adsaasal d a saaslaala d a saaslaala d a saaslaala d a saaslaala d a saaslaala d a saaslaala d a saaslaala as
d d
PaPa(b) E = Pa(P30a− 0) = –30Vcm
Ans.
PaP–1a d PaPa 10. A point
d PaPcharge
a d of +10PμCaPais placed at aPdistance
d aPa d PaPdad
01 − of 20 cm
1− 0 b – –2µC
ur
f r o m
laiai i i
saaslaalEa12 = − (0d−ad30
i i i i
saa)slaa=la+30Vcmd–1adsaaslaala
i i
saaslaalaa n o t hdaedsaraslaala
i i laailai saaslaala
i i
adsaasal d a d a d a sa5ascm d a as
a
P Pa d a
P P2a− 1 a
P Pa a
P Pa d a
i d e nPtPi ac a l a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
(0 − 0) point charge 10µC + 5 cm – 15 cm
+ 10µC
.s
E =−
23
= 0Vcm–1 of +10 μC. A a
laiai laailai 3 − 2 alailai i i iai laail–2
ai μC is moved ilai ai i
adsaasal d a s
a as d a sasa d a saaslaala da saaslaalpoint charge
d a saasof d a saaslaafrom point
d a slala
saaato as
PaPa d d
a−30a − 0)
E = P(P PaP–1a
= +30Vcm
d PaPa d d
PaPa in the figure.
b as shown
d
PaPaCalculate the d
PaPchange
a PaPdad
34 −
in potential energy of the system? Interpret
w
4−3
laiai i i (0 − ( −30)) i i i i
saaslaalEa45 = − dadsaaslaa=la– 30Vcmd–1adsaaslaala laiyour
saasala
i result. lai i
saasala2 2 dadsaasala lai i lai i
saasala
adsaasal d a d a d a d a as
a
P Pa d a
P Pa5 − 4 a
P Pa a
P Pa dSol.: ΔAab a d′
P Pa1 = 5 + 5PaP=a5 2 cm
= r a
P Pa d PaPdad
w
9. A spark plug in a bike or a car is used to ignite ΔaBb = r2′ = 152 + 52 = 5 10 cm

the air-fuel mixture in the engine. It consists
laiai aslaailelectrodes
ai i i
saaslaala by adagap aailai
saaslof
i i
saaslaala
i i i i
saaslqaa3 l–a –2µC dadsaaslaala
i i
saaslaala
adsaasal dof
a two
sa d aseparated around d a d a d a as
d
PaPa0.6 mm gap P aa d aPa d PaPa d d
PaPar 1 b PaPa 1 PaPa d PaPdad
w
asPshown in thePfigure. 1 r2
5 cm
laiai i i i i i i i A 5 cm
aslaaila10µC aslaail–ai 15 cm lailai B i
alai
adsaasal d a saaslaala d a saaslaala d a saaslaala d a s
a + as
d ra d
a
r2adsasa +
10µC sasla
da a as
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d q a
P1 Pa d 1 a a
P Pa q a
2 P Pa
d PaPdad
1  q1 q2 
V=   +
laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala laailai 4πε  r sarslaa ilai i i
salaala
i i
saaslaala
adsaasal
0 1 2
a a a a s
a as a a a −6as a as
d
PaPa d d
PaPa d d
PaPa d d
PaPa d d d
a a9 10 × 10 10 −6 d
a× 10d
a  d
PaPa d PaPdad
V1 = P
9 ×P
10  −2
+ P P −2 
 5 × 10 15 × 10 
laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
d a d a d a d a as
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
laiai Kindly
laiai Share Your
laiai to OurlaEmail
laiai laiai laiai
laiai i i ilai
saaslaais
This aailai
saaslSample,
Onlydfor
ilai
saaslaaBook
ai or
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a d
PaAll Leading a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
a a a a a as
d
PaPa d d
PaPa d d
PaPa d ➠ XIIPStd
aPa - Physics
d d PaPa- Volume-I
d d d
PaPa d d
PaPa d PaPdad
b) E along equatorial line at 20 cm
laiai i i
saaslaala
i
alai
1dasapasla ai i −9
sla×la10
i i
saaslaala 6
i i
saa4slaala–1
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d a d a saa80 d a d a d a d a as
P
aPa d a d
E = P Pa 3 = 9 × 10 P P×a
a9 d
−2 P
a
3 P
d a d
=a0.09 × 10 =P9P×a10 NC a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
4πε r 0 (20×10 )
laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala questions
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaalaanswers
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d a dadditional
a d a da and
d a d a d a as
m
Choose the Correct Answer 1 mark 8. The figure shows two parallel equipotential
laiai alailai alailai alailai i i
saaslaala surface Aasla ilai B kept at
aand
i i
saaslaaala
i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d a sasa d a sasa d asasa d a d a sa d a d a as
P 1.
a d aPa d
Pa Based onP Franklin's a
P Pa d
convention amberProds
aPa d small
a d
P Padistance 'r' apart d
P Pa from
a a
P Pra d PaPdad
co
are _______ each other. A point change of
(a)ai positively charged i i (b) negativelyilai charged alailai Q coulombaisi taken from the Bi i
laiai i
slalaneutral saaslaala saaslaaof lalai i i
saaslaala A dadsaaslaala
adsaasal d asaa
(c) d a (d)
d a
none the P s sa
aPdaada
above surface
d a A
s
a asto B. The amount
d a as
PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d d
PaPawork done will
of net
d
PaPabe PaPa PaPdad
[Ans. (b) negatively charged]
.
2. Thei electrostatic force obeys _______ −1 q 1 q
laiai lsaalai lsaailai lsaailai lsaailai (a) W =saslaailai i =
lsaailaW
(b) i i
sara2slaala
adsaasal
ks
a s
a a
(a) Newton's I
a saa
law (b) s a
Newton's
a a II law a s
a a a a4πε 0 r a s
a a 4aπεa as
a d
P Pa d a d
P Pa d ad
P Pa d a
P Pad d a
P Pad d a d
P Pa d P Pad d
0
PaPdad
(c) Newton's III law (d) none of the above −1 q
[Ans. (c) Newton's III law] (c) W = 2 (d) zero
4πε
laiai ailai iai
saasiflaalthe
slaelectrostatics aslaailin
ai motion,saslaailai a lai0 ir i i
saaslaala [Ans.d(d) ai i
slala
adsaasal 3.dadsaa
In d a charges
d asaare daada adadsaasal d a asaazero] as
PaPdad
PaPa another force d
PaPa named _______ d
oo
PaPa comes intoPa P
play P P a PaPa d PaPa d
Unit 1
in addition to coulomb force. W = (VA – VB) q

Hint: ∴ VAai= i VB for equipotential surface ai i
laiai (a)laailaLorentz
i aslaailai (b) aRepulsive
force aslaailai force asaaslaailai aslal=a O × q a=s0aaslaailai saaslala
adsaasal d a s
a a s d a sa d sa d d a sW
a d d a as
a d
P Pa (c) Attractive a d
P Pa force a
P(d) d
Paelectromagnetic a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
www.Padasalai.Net
ab
force [Ans. (a) Lorentz force] 9. The given figure is a plot of lines of force due to
laiai The ai i i i i i i i two charges qi & i q2. Find out ithei sign of charges i i
adsaasal 4. sa
d a a slalavalue ofdconstant
a saaslaala 'K' in d coulomb
a saaslaala law is dadsaaslaala d a saaslaala1 d a saaslaala d a saaslaala as
d
PaPa (a) 0.9 ×P10aP9 aNm2 C2 d d
aPa9 × 10–9 NmP2CaP2a
P(b) (a)Paboth d
Pa negative PaPa d PaPa d PaPdad
(c) 9 × 109 Nm–2 C–2 (d) 9 × 109 Nm2 C–2 (b) both positive
ur
q
(c) upper positive and lower negative
1
laiai la i a i l ai [
a i
Ans. (d) 9 × l 10
a i 9
a iNm 2
C –2
] l a i a i l a i a i l a i a i qlai ai
adsaasal dasasa
a l asaasal sasal sasal (d) upper sasal saasalpositive dadsaasal as
2
Pad The electrostatic

Pa5. PaPdad force PisaPdalways aada P aPdaada P aPdaada negativePand aPdaadlower PaPa PaPdad
greater in
magnitude than gravitational force for ______
.s
object ai i [Ans.ai(a)i both negative]

laiai l a ai i al la ai i ai i
alala alala saslala ai i
saslala l a ai i
adsaasal asaasal daadsasa dsas sizePaPdaadsas10. AnPuncharged
aPdaasmaller aPdaada metal aada is placed adsaasal as
PaPdad (a) biggerPasize
P P(b) PaPdsphere PaPdabetween PaPdad
two equal and oppositely charged metal plates.
w
(c) medium size (d) all the above

laiai la ilai aailai [Ans. (b) a ilai
smaller size]sala ilai The nature of lines of force will be
aailai − i i i i
adsaasal d a saa s a d a saasl
d as aasl a d a a s a
+ da
+ saasl
d a saaslaala++ d a saas−−laala as
d
Pa The relative
P 6.
a a d
P Ppermittivity
a P a a d
ofPwater is _____ a
P Pa d a
(a)P ++Pa
d a
− P Pa
− d
(b) ++ P Pa −−
+ a d − PaPdad
w
(a) εr = 70 (b) εr = 75 + −
+ − + −
laiai (c) ai ε i = 80 i i (d) εr =

saaslaala aailai
saasl85
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala − dadsaaslaala+
i i i i
saas−laala
adsaasal d a saa slalar d a d a d a d a d a as
PaPdad
+
d
PaPa PaPa d d
PaPa[Ans. (c) εrP=aP80] ad Pa+ a d aa d
PaPa −−
w
−
− PP
(c) ++P
+
− (d) ++ −
7. ______and Coulomb's law form fundamental +
+
+
−
−
−
+
+
−
−
laiai principles
ai i of electrostatics
a i i a i i a i i a i i i i i i
adsaasal a
l
saasal a
a
l
saasal a
a
l
saasal a
a
l
saasal a
a
l
saasal a
a
l a
saasal ++ dadsaaslaala−−
a
as
a d
P Pa d (a) Newton's
a d
P Pa law
d of gravitation
a
P Pad d a d
P Pa d a
P Pa d d a d d
P Pa Ans. (b) ++ P Pa a PaPdad
[ −]
−
(b) Superposition principle +

+
−
−
(c)ai Ohm's law ai i (d) Kepler's law

laiai slala
i
saasl(b)
i i
saaslaalaprinciple]
ala Superposition
i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i
saaslaala
i i
adsaasal d a saa
[
d a
Ans. d a d a d a d a d a as
aa
PP d aa
PP d aa
PP d aa
PP d aa
PP d aa
PP d aa
PP d PaPdad
laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
laiai Kindly
laiai Share Your
laiai to OurlaEmail
laiai laiai laiai
laiai i i ilai
saaslaais
This aailai
saaslSample,
Onlydfor
ilai
saaslaaBook
ai or
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a d
PaAll Leading a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
d
PaPa d d
d d d
a d d
PaPa d d
PaPa d PaPdad
11. An isolated metal sphere of radius 'r' is given a 17. Eight mercury droplets having a radius of
laiai charge i i
saaslaala'q'. The potential
i i
saaslaalaenergydof sthe
ilai
aslaasphere is sala i i
sal1a mm and aslaailai of 0.066
scharge saapC aiai mergesatolaailai
slaleach
adsaasal d a d a a a d a a d a a d a a as as
a
P Pa d
q 2 a
P Pa d a
P Paq d a
P Pa d form Pone
a d
Padroplet. Its Ppotential aPa d is PaPdad PaPdad
(a) (b) (a) 2.4 V (b) 1.2 V
4πε 0 r 4πε 0 r
(c) 3.6 V (d) 4.8i V
laiai laailqai laailai q 2 lailai laailai laailai ai
saaslaa[lAns. ai i
slala
adsaasal d a saas d a saa s d a s aas a d a saas d a s aas d a (a) d2.4
a saa
V] as
PaPa(c) 8πε r
d PaPa d (d)PaPa d
8πε 0 r PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d PaPdad
0
q 2
4
m
[Ans. (d) ] 8 × volume of one droplet of Hg = πR3
laiai i i i i i r
i 8πε i i i i ailai 3 ala i i
adsaasal d a saaslaala d a saaslaala d a saaslaala 0 dadsaaslaala d a saas4laala 3 d4adsaasla 3 d a sasala as
a
P Pa d a
P Pa1 d a
P Pa d a
P Pa a
P Pa 8d × π r = a
P Pa π R a
P Pa d PaPdad
Hint: 3 3
co
P.E = CV2 [C = 4πε0r] 23 × r3 = R3
2
laiai i i q i i i i i i i i i i i i
saaslaala V =dadsaaslaala saaslaala saaslaala saasl(aa2lra) 3 = (dRad)saaslaala saaslaala
3
adsaasal a a a a a as
d
aPa
Hint:
P d PaPa4πε 0 r PaPad d
2 PaPa d d PaPad d PaPa PaPad d PaPdad
1  q  R = 2r [ r = 1 mm]
P.E = × (4πε r) × 
r i i
.
2 2 i i0  4πε 0a ila2i × 1 × 10a–3lm
laiai l a i a i q l aala l la aslaailai R sas=la sasaala
i(or)
i 2 mm alaailai
adsaasal l
ELECTROSTATICS
ks
a saas a a saa s a s aas a a sa a a a q a asas as
a
P Pad d P.E =
a d d
P Pa8πε r a
P Pad d a
P Pa d d a d
a
P P[d a
PRPad d PaPqda=dne] PaPdad
0
12. In a hydrogen atom the electron revolves 1 q
laiai around a ilathe
i proton in a ilai orbit of 0.53
an a ilaÅi . The a ilai ∴V =lailai × i i i i
adsaasal d a a
sasa l
d a a
sasa l
d a a
sasa l
d a a
sasal
d a sasa 4πε 0 daR
a saaslaala d a saaslaala as
PaPdad
d
PaPapotential produced PaPa d
oo
by thePaelectron
Pa d on the PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d
9 × 109 × 0.066 ×10 −12 × 8
PaPa d
nuleus is V =
(a) 6.8i V (b) 13.6 V 2 ×10i−3
laiai l a a i l a i a i l a i a i l a i a i l a i i
Vasaas=al 2.4 V asaasla
a alai
i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d(c)
a al V
saas54.4 d a saasal (d) 27.2 d a sVaasal
d a saasal d d d a as
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P[P a d
Ans. (d) 27.2 P
a d
V]Pa 18. A force
a d
P Pofa 40 N is acting a d
P Pabetween twoP charges aPa d PaPdad
www.Padasalai.Net
ab
in air if the space between them is filled with

 1  qi i
saaslaalglass
ai er = 8.sThen aslaailathe
i force between
laiai saaslaala themdaisdsaaslaala
i i i i i i i i i
adsaasal a saaslaala V =  4dπε a saaslaar la a saaslaala a a a a as
Hint:
P d
aPa d PaPa 0 d
1.6 ×P
d
10aP−a
19 d PaPa d d (a) 20PaN d
Pa (b) 10 NPaPa(c) 5 N
d d d PaPa PaPdad
= (9 × 109) × = 27.2 V (d) the same and does not change[Ans. (c) 5 N]
0.53 ×10 −10
ur
laiai i i
saaslaalaone of these
i i
saasislaaalavector quantity? saaslaala
i i i i
saaslaala
i i
saasl=aala 1 ⋅ q1dqa2dsaaslaala
i i i i
saaslaala
adsaasal 13. dWhich
a d a d a d a d a
F d a as
a d
P Pa(a) Electric charge a
P Pa d aPa d
(b)PElectric field P Pa
a d a
P Pa ad a
4πε 0P Pr a 2 a
P Pa d PaPdad
(c) Electric flux (d) Electric potential 1 qq
.s
[ Ans. (b) Electric field] Fg = i i ⋅ 1 22 i

laiai saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i i
aslaala i
saaslaala4πε 0 ε r dardsaaslaala
i i i
saaslaala
adsaasal a a a a saHint: a a as
PaPaThe force experienced
14. d d PaPad d by a unitPaPcharge
da d is called PaPa d d d
PaPaFgd 1 P1aPa PaPad d PaPdad
(a) Electric potential (b) Electric flux = =
w
Fa εr 8
(c) Electric field (d) Static electricity
laiai asaasla
i
alai
i i
saaslaala[Ans. (c)daElectric
i i
saaslaala field] dadsaaslaala
i i laiaFi 40 aslaailai i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d d a d aFsgaas=al a = ad=ad5saN d a as
a d
P PaThe electric P
15.
a d
Pacreated by aP_____
field
a d
Pa is basically a
P Pa a
P Pa d 8 P8 Pa a
P Pa d PaPdad
w
a non-uniform electric field. 19. The concept of 'Field' was introduced by

laiai (a) aTest i
laala charge
i i i (b) Positive charge
i i i(a)
ai Faraday i i (b)alGauss
aailai i i
adsaasal d(c)
a sasNegative charge
d a saaslaala (d) Point d a
a
slala
saacharge d a saaslaal(c) d a
Maxwell
saaslaala d a sasNone
(d) d a saaslaala as
w
[Ans. (d) Point charge] [Ans. (a) Faraday]

16. The expression for electric field in vectori form is
laiai lsaa1ilai q ∧ lsaailai a i
−a1dsaasqla∧la
iai electric potential
saaslaalThe
20. i i
saaslaala V asdaadsfunction aslaailai of distance i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d a saa
d a saa
d d a d a a d a as
P Pa(a)
a d rP
aPa d (b)P Pa
a
4πε 0 r
r a
P Pa d x (metres)
a d
P Pa is given byPVP= a a ( 5x + 10xP–9)
2 a d
Pa volt. PaPdad
4πε 0 r The value of electric field at a point x = 1m is
−1 q ∧ 1 q ∧
(c) laiai 2 laiai (d)r r (a) 20 Vm –1
(b) 6 Vm –1
laiai saas4aπε l 0r 4πε 2i i
s0aasrlaala q dadsaaslaal(c)
i ai aslaailai saasl–aa23
ilai i i
saaslaala
adsaasal a a saasal a 11 Vm a sa
–1
(d)
a Vm –1 a as
d
PaPa d PaPad d PaPa (d) l
[Ans.
d d PraPa PaPad d PaPad d PaPad d PaPdad
4πε0 r2 [Ans. (a) 20 Vm–1]
laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
d a d a d a d a as
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
laiai Kindly
laiai Share Your
laiai to OurlaEmail
laiai laiai laiai
laiai i i ilai
saaslaais
This aailai
saaslSample,
Onlydfor
ilai
saaslaaBook
ai or
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a d
PaAll Leading a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
a a a a a as
d
PaPa d d
PaPa d d
PaPa d ➠ XIIPStd
aPa - Physics
d d PaPa- Volume-I
d d d
PaPa d d
PaPa d PaPdad
laiai i i We know ilai E = d aVlailai

lsaathat, aailai Energy ilai U = a1la
aastored, CV
ila2i i i
adsaasal d a saaslaala d a saa
d a sdx
a s a d a saasl
d a saasl
d a sa2s a d a saaslaala as
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a d
P Pa 1 a
P Pa d PaPdad
V = 5x2 + 10x –9
U = (CV)V[Q q = CV]
Differentiating w.r. to ‘x’ on both sides Hint: 2
laiai ailai a iladi V a ilai a ilai a ilai 1 alai= 1 × d0.1
i aailai
adsaasal a a
sasa l
a a
sasa l
=
a l
sas+a 10 = E dadsasa
10x
a a l a a
sasal U = a sasla
a qV a sa×asl200 as
PaPHint:
d
a d d
PaPa d
dx PaPa
d d PaPa PaPad d d d
PaPa 2 2PaPa d PaPdad
At a point, x = 1m,
m
U = 10 J
di V
laiai l a i a i l a i a = 10(1) l a i +
a i
10 l a
saas25.
i i
al Increasing
a ilai charge aon
saaslaathe
i i
saslaalathe plates laailaai
saasof
adsaasal d a saasal d a saasal dx d a saasal d a d a d a d a as
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a d
P Pa d V a
P Pa d a d
P Pa means P Pa
capacitor a d a
P Pa d PaPdad
∴E = = 20 Vm–1
co
dx (a) increasing the capacitance
laiai saaslaala (b) increasingsaaslaala the potentialsaaslaadifference between
Two i i i i i i i i i i ilai i i
21. sa slalacondensers saa(capacitors) ofscapacity
aslaala C1 and
a a saaslaala
adsaasal a a a slala a a a a a a as
d d
PaPa C2 are connected d d
PaPa in parallel. d d
PaPaA charge Q Pgiven d
aPa d the
PaP a plates
d d d
PaPa d d
PaPa d PaPdad
to then is shared. The ratio of the charges Q is (c) both (a) and (b) above
.
(d) none ofathe ilai above alailai
laiai (a) laailaCi 2 aslaailai (b) asaa
C1 ai i
lala aslaailai [Ans.as(b) aslaincreasing i i
saaslaala
adsaasal
ks
a s a s a s s a s a a
saspotential
the difference
a as
a d
P Pa d a C a d
1 P Pa d a a d dC
P Pa 2 1 a
P Pad d a
PPa d
a d a a d
P Pa d a
PP da d PaPdad
between the plates]
(c) C1 . C2 (d)
C1 × C2
laiai l a ilai l a ilai ilai
saasl[aaAns. C1asasl26.aailai A positivelysaaslaala
icharged
i bodyal‘A’
sasaala
i has
i been brought i i
saaslaala
adsaasal a a
sa sa a a
sasa a (b) ] a near a a a as
d d d d PaPaa brass cylinder
d PaPa‘B’ mounted
d PaPon
da a glass PaPdad
PaPa d PaPa d
oo
PaPa d PaPCa d d d d
Unit 1
2 stand as shown in the figure. The potential of

As they arei in parallel, the potential is ‘B’ will be i i
laiai lsaailai same across lsaalathe i lsaailai aslaailai saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d a saa
d a saa two, d a saa
d a sa da d a B d a as
a a d
P PHint: a d
P PQa1 = C1V and P P
∴ a d
Qa2 = C2V a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
www.Padasalai.Net
ab
+
+
+
+
Q C +
+
+ + ++
+
∴ 1 = 1
+
+
+
A
+
laiai alaala i i Q 2 ala Ci

ala2i alaailai alaailai alaailai alaailai alaailai
adsaasal asas asas asas asas asas + asas asas as
+
PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad

+
+
+
+
22. Charge per unit volume is called

+
+
+
ur
(a) Linear charge density (l) (a) Zero (b) Negative

laiai ai i ilai
saaslaadensity
slalaSurface charge
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala l aailai ai i ai i
slalaInfinitedadsaaslala
adsaasal d as a(b)
a
d a (s)d a d a d a s
a a
(c) Positive
s d a saa(d) as
a d
P Pa (c) Volume a a d
P Pcharge density
aPa
P (r) d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa PaPdad
[Ans. (c) Positive]
(d) Electric flux
.s
27. Four plates each of area ‘A’ are separated by

laiai l a ilai [Ans. (c) l a ilai
Volume charge l a ilai
density (r)] sasaala
l i i i i
saaslaa‘d’la. The connection
a distance
i i
saaslaala is as dshown
iai
saaslaalin
adsaasal d a a
sasa d a a
sasa d a a
sasa d a a
d a d a a as
Pa23.d
Pa What willPhappen aPa d PaPa d
if two conducting PaPare
spheres a d d
PaPaWhat is equivalent
figure. d
PaPa capacitance d
PaPabetween PaPdad
X and Y?
w
separately charged and then brought in contact?

(a) 1
laiai ai Total
i charge aon ithei two spheres
saslaalais conserved
isi conserved
saaslaala
i i i
saaslaala aslaailai d alailai alailai
adsaasal d a saa slalaThe totaldenergy
(b) a d a d a dda sa d d2sasa
a dadsasa as
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPdad
X Y
w
(c) Both charge and energy are conserved 3 d
(d) The final potential is the mean of the original d 4

laiai i i
saslaalapotentials.
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d a a
d a d a d a d a d a d a as
d
PaPa [Ans. (a)PTotal d
aPa charge on PaPthed
a two sphercs d
PaPais d
PaPεa0 A PaPa d 2 ε 0PAaPa d PaPdad
w
(a)
(b)
conserved] d d
laiai i i laailai ilai law of alailai 3 ε A ailai ai i4 ε A ai i
adsaasal saaslaala This isdain
Hint:
d a saasaccordance d
with
a saaslaathe d a sasa (c) dad0saasl a d a slala 0 dadsaaslala
saa(d) as
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d
conservation of charge.
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d P Pad
a a
P Pa d d P Pa
a PaPdad
24. A condenser is charged to a potential of 200V and 2εA
[Ans. (b) 0 ]
laiai hasia charge
i of 0.1C. iThe
i energy stored i in
i it is i i i i i i d i i
adsaasal a saaslaala asaaslaala a saaslaala a saaslaala a saaslaala a saaslaala a saaslaala as
d d
PaPa (a) 1 J PaPa(b) 2 Jd d P(c)d d
aPa10 J (d)Pa20d d
Pa J aThey constitutePtwo
d
Hint: P Pa
d aPa parallel plate
d d capacitors
PaPda d PaPdad
[Ans. (c) 10 J] in parallel with each other.
laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
laiai Kindly
laiai Share Your
laiai to OurlaEmail
laiai laiai laiai
laiai i i ilai
saaslaais
This aailai
saaslSample,
Onlydfor
ilai
saaslaaBook
ai or
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a d
PaAll Leading a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
d
PaPa d d
d d d
a d d
PaPa d d
PaPa d PaPdad
28. The expression for the electric field due to a 35. The electric flux is negative,i if the angle
laiai surface l a i aof
i total charge l a i‘Q’
a i is given by l ai a i l a i i
saasalbetweenddA
a l ai i
al E is dasaasal
saasand a l a a i i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d a saasal d a saasal d a saasal d a a d a as
a d
P Pa a
1 P Pσda Ad a d
PPa 1 ρdAPPa a d a
P a d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
(a) LessPthan 90° (b) greater than 90°
(a) E = ∫
4πε 0 r 2
r (b) E =
4πε 0 r 2 ∫ r
(c) equal to 90° (d) equal to 0°
laiai i i
saaslaala 1 dλdl
i i
saaslaala sas1la i
alai dq dasaaslaalai
i i i
saaslaala [Ans.d(b) laailai than 90°] i i
saaslaala
adsaasal saasgreater as
4πε 0 ∫ r 2 P P 36. The P
d a
PaPa(c)
d E = a∫Pa 2
ad r (d)PaPaE d=a
d a r aa d d
aPa a
d PaPa
ad d
PaPa
a
d PaPdad
4πεP0 r time taken by a conductor to reach
m
1 σdA electrostatic equilibrium is in the order of
laiai i i
saaslaala laailai (a) E = saslaail∫ai 2 r] saslaailai
a[sAns. alailai aslaail–14
ai i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d a d a s
a d a4 πε
a r d a a (a) 10 –18 asasa

d d a s
(b)a 10 s d a as
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d 0 a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
29. The dipole is called point dipole when the
co
(c) 10–16 s (d) 10–20 s
distance
laiai (a)sas2alaailapproaches
ai laailai zero saslaailai
laailai and q approaches
infinity laailai laa[Ans.
ilai (c) 10–16as]lailai
adsaasal ada2a approaches aas as s as
aPdaada infinity aa aas as aas as sasa
daadfree as
PaPda(b) PaPdadzero and q P approaches PaPdad37. A non-conducting
PaPdad material
PaPdad which has PaPno PaPdad
(c) 2a approaches zero and q approaches zero electrons is called
.
(d) 2a approaches infinity and q approaches (a)i capacitor (b) Dielectric
laiai laailai
asinfinity. aslaailai aslaailai aslaail(c)
a aslaailai aailai
saaslInductor
i i
saaslaala
adsaasal
ELECTROSTATICS
ks
d a sa d a sa d a sa d a sa d s
conductor
a a d (d)
a d a as
P Pa
a d [Ans.
a d
P Pa(b) 2a approaches a d
P Pa zero andPqPa a d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
approaches infinity] [Ans. (b) Dielectric]
30. The magnitude of torque on dipole is 38. In the given cricuit the effective capacitance
laiai i i
saaslaala if dadsaaslaala
maximum
i i i i
saaslaala
i ai
saaslaalbetween aslaaBilai laiai i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d a d a d a Aadsand
d a will bedadsaasal d a as
PaPdad
d
PaPa(a) q = 0° PaPa (b)Pa
qP=
oo
d
a 90° PaPa d PaPa
3µf
PaPa
6µf
PaPa d
(c) q = 180° (d) q = 180°
[Ans. (b) iq i= 90°]
laiai laailai aslaailai potential aslaala laiai A saslaailai i i
saaslaala
i
Bdasaaslaalai
adsaasal 31. dThe
a saasexpression for
d a selectric
a d a sadifference is dadsaasal da a d a as
a
P Pa P d a
P Pa d a
P PaP d a
P Pa a
P Pa d a
P a d a
P Pa d PaPdad
2µf P2µf
www.Padasalai.Net
ab

(a) ∫ + E.dr (b) − ∫ E.dr 36
(a)i 3mf (b) i mf
laiai i
saasRlaala
i i
saaslaala
i ∞ ala la i i i
saaslaala
i
saaslaala
i
saasla alai
13 i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d a d a d a sasa d a d a d a d a as
d
PaPa P PaPa d PaP d
P a
PaPa d (c) 13Pamf
Pa d PaPa(d) 7 mf PaPa
d d PaPdad
(c) ∫ E.dr (d) ∫ − E.dr [Ans. (a) 3mf]
ur
∞ R
laiai ai i
slala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaalPa
i i
saaslaala laiai 3 × 6  + sas2laa×ila2i i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d a saa
d a d a d a Cadsaas=al 
d  
 dada  d a as
P Pa
a d a
P Pa d P[Ans.
a d
Pa (d) ∫ − E.dr d
P ]Pa Hint:
a a
P Pa 3 +P6 Pa 2 + 2 P Pa
a a d PaPdad
R = 2+1
.s
32. The magnitude of electric dipole moment of C =laila3mf

laiai ilai
saaslaamolecule
water isasasla
i
alai
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d a d a d a da d a saasa da da as
d
PaPa(a) 6 × 10–30PCm
aPa d aPa
(b)P6.2
d d
× 10–30 Cm P P 39. The unit
aa d d
PaPafor electric susceptibility
PaPa is PaPa d PaPdad
w
(c) 6.1 × 10–30 Cm (d) 5.9 5 10–30 Cm (a) Nm2 C–2 (b) C2 N–1 m–2
i i lailai ilai laaila–30i lailai –2 2 aslaailai ilam
i –2C2 i i
saslaala
ada sasa
aa saslaa[Ans.
aa (c) 6.1s×as10 aa Cm] sasa (c) C Nm s
aa aa (d)
saslNaa–1
aa saslaala da a as
PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPda[dAns. (b) CP P–1adm–2]
2 a
N PaPdad
w
33. The potential due to a single point charge falls as

40. The direction of electric field at a point on the
laiai 1 ilai ilai 1 alailai iai ilai to an electric i i i
adsaasal d(a)
a a l a
sasa2 d a a l a
sasa (b) d3 adsasa d asaaslaalequatorial d a saaslaadue
line
d a saaslaaladipole d isasasla
a alai as
PaPa rd PaPa d ra
PaP PaPa d d
PaPathe equatorial
(a) along
d
PaPline
a towards the d
PaPdipole.
a PaPdad
w
1 1 (b) along the equatorial line away from the dipole.

(c) (d) –
laiai lraiai i i
saaslaala
r ala i i 1 ai(c)i parallelsto aslthe
aailaiaxis of thesdipole
aslaailai and opposite i i
saaslaala
adsaasal adsaasal a a sala (c) ] dadsaaslala to the
sa[Ans. direction
a a of dipole
a a moment. a as
a d
P Pa a d
P Pa d a
P Pad d r a
P Pa a
P Pad d a
P Pad d a
P Pad d PaPdad
34. The unit for electric flux is (d) parallel to the axis of the dipole and in the
(a) C2 iNi–1m–2 direction of dipole moment.
ilai (b) Nm Calailai
2 –2
laiai l a a l a l a ilai iai (c) parallel
saaslaa[lAns.
i i
saaslaalato the axis saaofai i
slala
adsaasal d(c)
a a
sasNm l
a 2 C–1 d a a
sasa (d) Nm d a saCs–1a
–2
d a a
sasa d a d a d a as
PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d Pthe d
aPadipole and PoppositeaPa d to the P d
direction
aPa PaPdad
[Ans. (c) Nm2 C–1] of dipole moment.]
laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
d a d a d a d a as
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
laiai Kindly
laiai Share Your
laiai to OurlaEmail
laiai laiai laiai
laiai i i ilai
saaslaais
This aailai
saaslSample,
Onlydfor
ilai
saaslaaBook
ai or
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a d
PaAll Leading a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
laiai
adsaasal a dUNIT
a
d
i i
saaslaala
a d a
d
i i
saaslaala
a d a
d
i i
saaslaala
a d a
d
i i
saaslaala
a d a
d
i i
saaslaala
a d a
d
i i
saaslaala
a d a
d
i i
saaslaala as
PaPdad
2
P Pa P Pa P Pa P Pa P Pa P Pa P Pa
laiai i i
CURRENT ELECTRICITY
adsaasal d asaaslaala d a saaslaala d asaaslaala da saaslaala d a saaslaala d a saaslaala d a saaslaala as
m
laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
co
laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d a d a d a d a da d a d a as
CHAPTER SNAPSHOT
.
laiai 2.1 aElectric
i i current i i i i i i i i ilai i i
adsaasal saslaala saaslaala saaslaala saaslaala 2.5.2 daKirchhoff
saaslaala ’s Second
saaslaarule saaslaala
ks
d a d a d a d a d a da as
d P Pa d
P Pa 2.1.1 Conventional
a a a
P Pa d
Current a d a
P Pa P Pa(Voltage ruled a a
P Pord
Loop rule)P P
a a d PaPdad
2.1.2 Drift velocity
laiai laailai Microscopic
2.1.3 laailai model ofsacurrentlaailai laailai 2.5.3 Wheatstone’s
laailai bridge i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d a saas d a saas d a a s d a saas d a saas d a d a as
PaPdad
PaP2.2
a d
Ohm's P
aPa
Law
d PaPa
oo
d PaPa d 2.5.4 d
PaPaMeter bridge PaPa d PaPa d
2.2.1 Resistivity i 2.5.5 Potentiometer

laiai lsaailai lsaalai lsaailai lsaailai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d a saa 2.2.2 d s
Resistors
a aa in series and
d a saa
parallel d a saa
2.5.6 d a
Comparison of
d aemf of two a
cells
d as
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
www.Padasalai.Net
ab
2.2.3 Color code for Carbon resistors with a potentiometer

laiai 2.2.4
i i Temperature i i dependence i of
i i i i i ai i i i
adsaasal d a saaslaala d a saaslaala d a saaslaala d a saaslaala 2.5.7 daMeasurement
saaslaala dof
a slala resistance
saainternal d a saaslaala as
PaP
a d d
resistivity
PaPa PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d PaPdad
of a cell by potentiometer
2.3 Energy and power in electrical circuits
ur
2.6
laiai
adsaasal 2.4
a sa
laailai
asElectric aaslaaila
cellsasand i
batteries a saaslaailai a saaslaailai Heating a sa
effect
aslaailai of Electric
a saaslaacurrent
ilai
a
i i
saaslaala as
a d d a
P Pa 2.4.1 Electromotive d
P Pa d a d d
P Paand internal a
P Pad d a d d
P PaJoule’s law P Pa a d d a d
P Pa d PaPdad
force 2.6.1
resistance
.s
2.6.2 Application of Joule’si heating effecti i

laiai laailai Determination
2.4.2 laailai of internal laailaresistance
i laailai laailai laalai la a
adsaasal aas as aas as aas as aas as aas as aas a s asaasal as
PaPdad 2.4.3 Cells PaPdadin series PaPdad PaPdad 2.7 ThermoelectricPaPdad PaPdad
effect PaPdad PaPdad
w
2.7.1 Seebeck effect

2.4.4 Cells in parallel
laiai l a i ai l a i a i l ai a i l a i i
saasal 2.7.2 daPeltier
a i i
saaslaalaeffect dadsaaslaala
i i i i
saaslaala
adsaasal 2.5
d a al
saasKirchhoff's d a saasal
rules d a saasal d a d a as
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P a d a
P Pa a
P Pa d PaPdad
2.7.3P Thomson effect
w
2.5.1 Kirchhoff ’s first rule

(Current arule or Junctionairule)
laiai laailai lailai saaslala
i
saaslaala
i i i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d a saas d a saas d a d a d a d a d a as
w
laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d a d a d a d a d a d a da as
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala aslaailai
s67
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d a da d a d a a d a d a d a as
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
laiai Kindly
laiai Share Your
laiai to OurlaEmail
laiai laiai laiai
laiai i i ilai
saaslaais
This aailai
saaslSample,
Onlydfor
ilai
saaslaaBook
ai or
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a d
PaAll Leading a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
a a a a a as
d
PaPa d d
PaPa d d
PaPa d ➠ XIIPStd
aPa - Physics
d d PaPa- Volume-I
d d d
PaPa d d
PaPa d PaPdad
laiai saaslaala CONCEPT saaslaaMAP

i i i i i i ilai i i i i i i
adsaasal d a saaslaala d a saaslaala d a d a d asaaslaala d a saaslaala d a saaslaala as
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d a d a d a dCURRENT
a d a d a d a as
PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d PaP a d
ELECTRICITY PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d PaPdad
m
laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
co
laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala Flowdof aslaailai
sCharges
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d a d a d a a a da d a d a as
.
laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
adsaasal
ks
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d
Drift velocity
a a d
P PMobility a d a
P Pa Current density
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
Resistance PaPdad
PaPa d PaP ad PaPa
oo
d PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d
laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala Ohm's ilai
saaslaaLaw
i i
saaslaalaV-I Graph
i i
saaslaala Resistivity i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
www.Padasalai.Net
ab
Series
laiai i i i i Carbon i resistor
i i i Combination i i i i i i
PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d PaPa
Parallel
d PaPdad
ur
Temperature coefficient of resistance ai i

laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala aslaailai aslaailai saaslala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d a d a d a s
a d asa d a d a d a as
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
Pa d
PCurrent a
rule P Pa
d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
Kirchoff 's rule
.s
Wheatstone's bridge Applications

laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
ilai
saaslaarule
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d a d a Voltage
d a da d a da da as
w
laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a d a
P Pa Heating effects d a d
P Pa of electric current
P Pa a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
w
laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
w
Joule's law of heating Thermoelectric effects

laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
Applications
laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
PaPeffect
Seebeck
a d
PaPaPeltier effectPaPa d d
PaPaeffect
Thomson PaPdad
laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
laiai Kindly
laiai Share Your
laiai to OurlaEmail
laiai laiai laiai
laiai i i ilai
saaslaais
This aailai
saaslSample,
Onlydfor
ilai
saaslaaBook
ai or
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a d
PaAll Leading a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
d
PaPa d d
d d d
a d d
PaPa d d
PaPa d PaPdad
laiai MUST KNOW

i i
saslaala
DEFINITIONS
i i
saslaala
i i
saslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d a a d a a d a a d a d a d a d a as
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
Branch of physics that deals with the study of motion of electric charges within the material is called
laiai current lelectricity.
i i i i i i i i i i i i i i
adsaasal a saasaala a saaslaala a saaslaala a saaslaala a saaslaala a saaslaala a saaslaala as
Electromotive
PaPad d Pforce
aPa (emf) is not
d d PaPaa force, but P
d d it aP
isathe work done
d d PaPain moving aPa
d d unit
Pa charge from
d d PaPaone
d d PaPdad
end to the other, in a conductor.
m
laiai The external
alailai energy necessaryalailai to drive the
i i free electrons i iin a definite direction
i i inside i ai conductoralailai
adsaasal daadsasaemf. Padaadsasa a saaslaala a saaslaala a saaslaala a saaslaala asasa as
isPatermed
P P a
P Pad d a
P Pa d d a
P Pad d a
P Pad d PaPdad PaPdad
co
Electric current : It is the rate of flow of charges across any cross sectional area of a
laiai laailai laailai conductor. laailai I = Q saslaailai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d a saas d a saas d a saas t d a a d a d a d a as
PaPdad
CURRENT ELECTRICITY
PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d
Drift velocity : It is the velocity with which free electrons are drifted towards the
.
positive terminal, inside ia conductor when an electric field is applied. i
laiai lsaailai lsaailai lsaailai lsaalai lsaailai lsaailai saaslaala
i
adsaasal
ks
a saa a saa a saa a saa a saa a saa a as
a
P Pad d a
P Pa d d If
a
P Paτ
d dis the average a
P Pa d dtime between
a
P Pad two
d successive
a
P Pad dcollisions and
a
P Pad dthe PaPdad
acceleration experienced by the electron be 'a', then the drift
velocity is,vd = aτ.
laiai l a ilai l a ilai ilai
saaslaaquantity aslaailai passingasperaslaaiunit
lai time ainside i i
saaslaalaa conductor
i i
saaslaala
adsaasal Current
d a sasadensity (J)
a
d a sat
aasaa : It disadthe of
d a scharge
a d a d d a as
PaPdad
PaPa
point
d PaPa d aPa
oo
Pthrough d
PaPa perpendicular
unit area,
d
PaPa to the direction d
PaPa of flow ofPacharge Pa d
at that point.
laiai Ohm’ssalaw ai i
slala
i i aslaailai
saaslaala : Atdaadsaconstant temperature, i i
saaslaala thedsteady
i i
saaslaalacurrentdaflowing
i i
saaslaala through
i i
saaaslaala
adsaasal d a a d a d a a d a as
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d Pconductor
aPa is Pdirectly
aPa d proportional
a
P Pa d to the P Ppotential
a a d difference
a
P Pa d PaPdad
www.Padasalai.Net
ab
between the two ends of the conductor.

laiai Resistance i i i i : It is the ilratio
ai of potential i i difference aacross
ilai the conductori i to thelailai
adsaasal d a saaslaala d a saaslaala current
d a saaslaaflowing d a saaslaalait. The unit
through d a slaohm(Ω).
saais d a saaslaala asaasa as
PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d PaPdad PaPdad
Conductance : It is the reciprocal of resistance. Its unit is mho (Ω–1).
ur
laiai aailai
saaslresistance
i i aslaailai as the
saaslaala : It disadsadefined laailai i i
saaslaala to thedacurrent
i i
saaslaala flow dby
i i
saaaslaala
adsaasal Specific
d a d a d asaasresistance doffered
a a as
a
P Pa d
(electrical
a
P Pa ofd
resistivity)
aPa
Pconductor a d
P Pa length having
of unit
a d
P Paunit area of a a d
P Pcross sectionP(ρ).
a d
Pa Its PaPdad
a material unit is ohm-m (Ωm).
.s
laiai i 1 i
adsaasal Conductivity
a
i i
saaslaala σ = dρadsaaslaala : It disadsathe aslaailareciprocal
i
a saaof ai i
slalaelectrical a aslaailai
sresistivity.
a Itsa aslaailaisi mho am
sunit
a
i i
saa–1slaala as
PaPad d PaPa aPa–1 –1
P(Ω PaPa d d d
PaPa d d
PaPa d PaPad d PaPdad
m ).
w
laiai The conventional current direction is lthe direction inlawhich positivelacharges move linside a
adsaasal s aslaailai s aslaailai s asaailai s asailai s asailai s asaailai i i
saaslaala as
conductor.
a
P Pad a
d a a d
P Pa
a
d a a d
P Pa
a
d a a
P Pad a
d a a
P Pad a
d a a d
P Pa
a
d a a
P Pad a
d PaPdad
w
The direction of current is always opposite to that of motion of electrons.

laiai The Conductivity
i i
saaslaala aslaailai and their
ofsmetals ilai is due atolaflow
saaslaaalloys
i i
sasala of electrons.
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d a d a a d a d a d a d a d a as
PaPa d Pa a d Pa a d PaPa d PaPa d Pa a d PaPa d PaPdad
w
The conductivity P of electrolytes P is due to motion of positive and negative ions.P
laiai Charges flow

i i from a body
saaslaala
i ofi higher electrical
saaslaala
i i potential
saaslaala
to
i ithat at a lower
saaslaala
i ielectrical potential.
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
a d
P Padirection ofPflow
The
a d
Pa of charges PPa d
a not depend
does
a d
P Paupon the quantity a d
P Pa of charges a d
a the two bodies.
P Pof a d
P Pa It PaPdad
depends upon the potential difference between them.
i i i i
la a Superconductivity i i ilai i i ilai aslaailaalloys
i i i
adsaasal d a saaslaala d a saaslaala : It disadthe
saaslaaability a saaslaalametals,dtheir
of dcertain a saaslaacompounds d a and
sa todasaaslaala as
PaPa d PaPa d aPa
Pconduct d
PaPa with zero Presistance
electricity
aPa d PaPlow
at very
a d
temperature.PaPa d PaPdad
laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
d a d a d a d a as
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
laiai Kindly
laiai Share Your
laiai to OurlaEmail
laiai laiai laiai
laiai i i ilai
saaslaais
This aailai
saaslSample,
Onlydfor
ilai
saaslaaBook
ai or
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a d
PaAll Leading a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
a a a a a as
d
PaPa d d
PaPa d d
PaPa d ➠ XIIPStd
aPa - Physics
d d PaPa- Volume-I
d d d
PaPa d d
PaPa d PaPdad
laiai FORMULAE i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
(1) Instantaneous current I = dq ; (2) Amount of current I = ne
laiai i i i i dt i i i i i i t i i i i
adsaasal d asaaslaala d a saaslaala d asaaselaaEla d a saaslaala d a saaslaaelEa d a saaslaala d a saaslaala as
d
PaPa (3) Acceleration d
PaPa of electron d
PaPaa = ; Pa(4) d d
PaPavd = τ PaPa
Pa Drift velocity d PaPa d PaPdad
m m
m
eτ
laiai a(5)
laailaMobility
i µsa=laailai ; i i
saaslaala
(6)
aCurrent
laailai densitysa
J= laainlaev
id i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d a s
a s d a a s m d a d a s
a s d a a s d a d a as
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
Pa
Pρl d a
P Pa d PaPdad
(7) Potential difference V= IR; (8) Resistance of the wire R =
co
A
laiai ai i i i
saaslaala ρ = RA
slalaSpecificdresistance
i i
sa;aslaala ai i
slala through laailai ai i
slala
i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d asaa(9) a d a (10)
d a saaCurrent da saasconductor Id=a snaaAev d a as
PaPa d PaPa d PaPal d PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d d
PaPa d PaPdad
nAe 2
(11) Current through conductor I = τV
.
laiai
adsaasal
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala alailam
i L i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
ks
d a d a asasa a a a a as
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d 1 PaPdlad a d
P Pa d a d
P Pa d a d
P Pa d a d
P Pa d PaPdad
(12) Conductivity σ = =
ρ RA
2
laiai laailai laailai laailai laailai R 2 = s(la2srl1aai)lai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
adsaasal s
aa a
(13)
s Ratio s
aa a
betweens resistances of
s
aa athe
s same s
aa a
material
s wires daad(al r 2 ) a a as
PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad d d PaPdad
oo RaP
P 1 1 2 PaPa d PaPa d
Unit 2
P R
laiai
adsaasal a s a(14)
slaailaConditions
i
a s ato
slaabalance
ilai Wheatstone’s
a s aslaailai network
a s aslaaila=i a
i i
saaslaala a
i i
saaslaala a
i i
saaslaala as
a d
P Pa d a a d
P Pa d a a
P Pad d a a
P Pad d a Q S a d
P Pa d a d
P Pa d a d
P Pa d PaPdad
www.Padasalai.Net
ab
(15) Colour code for carbon resistors

laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala Colour
i i
saaslaala Number
i i
saaslaala Colour
i i
saaslaala Number
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
PaPa d PaPa d Pa a d Pa a d Pa a d PaPa d PaPa d PaPdad
BlackP 0 P BrownP 1
ur
Red 2 Orange 3
laiai i i
saaslaala lsaailai lsaailai lsaailai lsaailai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d a s
aa a
Yellow s
aa a s
4 Padaada
a
Green aas a
5 a a as
a
P Pa d PaPdad PaPdad P PaPdad a d
P Pa d a d
P Pa d PaPdad
Blue 6 Violet 7
.s
laiai i i i i Grey i i8 i White

i i 9i i i i i
adsaasal d a saaslaala d a saaslaala d a saaslaala da saaslaala d a saaslaala da saaslaala da saaslaala as
(16) Tolerance
w
Silver : ±10% ; Gold : ±5%

laiai lsaailaRed
i l aailai l aailai l aailai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d a s
a a a a
: dadas ±2% ; dadas Brown : dadas ±1%
s s s a
d a d a d a as
a
P Pa d a
P Pa a
P Pa a
P Pa a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
(17) Resistors in series : Current (I) is same across each resistors R1, R2, R3, R4
w
Equivalent resistance Rs = R1+R2+R3+R4

laiai i i i i
saaslaalaV = IRdad;saasVlaal=a IR ; dVads=aasIRlaailai saaslaala
i i i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d a ; V = dIR
a d a d a d a as
PaPa d 1
PaP1a 2 2 a a3 3 4 a a 4d PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d PaPdad
w
PP P P
(18) Resistors in parallel : Potential difference (V) same across each resistance R1, R2, R3, R4
1 1 i i1 1 1 i i V Vi i V V
laiai aslaailaEquivalent
i laailai
resistance =sala +la + + sala ; Ila = ; I2a=saasla la; I3 = =sla
;aIs4aa
ilai i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d a sa d a saas Rd a aRs a R R d a Ra s a 1
R d R
a R d aR da as
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P PaP d 1 2 a
P Pa
3 d 4 a
P1 Pa d 2 a
P Pa
3 d 4 a
P Pa d PaPdad
(19) Resistance of a conductor at a temperature t ºC, RT = Ro[1+α (T – T0)]
laiai i i
saaslaala saaslaala
i i i i
saaslaala saTasl−aaR
ilai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala ρT d laiai
adsaasal d a d a d a d aR ∆R d a d a −aρds0aasal as
d d of resistance PαaP=a
d d = PaPa Interms ofPa
d d PaPdad
o
PaPa (20) TemperaturePaPa coefficient
PaPa resistivity
Pa a = PaPa
R . ∆T o R ∆T
o ρ DΤ
0
laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
laiai Kindly
laiai Share Your
laiai to OurlaEmail
laiai laiai laiai
laiai i i ilai
saaslaais
This aailai
saaslSample,
Onlydfor
ilai
saaslaaBook
ai or
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a d
PaAll Leading a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
d
PaPa d d
d d d
a d d
PaPa d d
PaPa d PaPdad
(21) Metals – Positive temperature coefficient of resistance.
laiai aailai
saaslInsulators,
i i
saaslaala
Semiconductors i i
saaslaala temperature
–aNegative i i
saaslaalacoefficient sof aailai
aslresistance. i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d a d a d d a d a a d a d a as
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d
 ε − VP
P
a a d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
(22) Internal resistance r of a cell, r =   R
 V 
P R
laiai (23)
i
aala i
lCondition for
i i
laala balance in
bridge
ilai
laaWheatstone’s
a laailai
bridge = sasla i
alai
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d a saas d a saas d asaas d a s aas Q dSa a d a d a as
Pa a
P d Pa aP d Pa aP d Pa a d
P l Pa a
P d Pa aP d PaPa d PaPdad
(24) In Metre bridge : Unknown resistance P = Q 1
m
l2 i
laiai lsaailai lsaailai Pπr 2 saslaailai saaslaala
i i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d a saa
d a saa
ρ = d a a d a d a d a d a as
a
P Pa(25)
d Specific resistance
a
P Pa d a
PLPa d ; Where 'P' is
a
P Pa the
d unknown resistance
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
co
Potential difference across the wire = I r l
laiai sasaala
l i i i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
adsaasal a a a a a a a a as
d PaPa : ε α l ⇒PεaP=aIrl
PaPa(26) Potentiometer d d d d d d PaPdad
CURRENT ELECTRICITY
d d d PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d
l2
(27) Unknown emf ε 2 = ε1
.
laiai i i i i l asl2aailai i i i i i i i i
adsaasal saaslaala saaslaala 1 dadsaV saaslaala saaslaala saaslaala saaslaala
ks
d a d a d a d a d a da as
a d
P Pa(28) ElectricPpower,a d
Pa P = VI =PI2PRa= a a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
R
(29) Heating effect : Joule’s law
laiai aailai
saaslH aslaaila2i aslaailaVi 2 i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d a = VIt; d a saH = I Rt; d asaH = t d a d a d a d a as
PaPdad
PaPa d PaPa d
oo
PaPa d
R P Pa
a d PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d
(30) Seebeck effect
Thermoelectric series of metals is Bi, Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu,i Mn, Hg, Pb, Sn,i Au, Ag, Zn, Cd,i Fe, Sb
laiai aailai
aslUnit aslaailai aslaailai aslaalai aslaalai aslaalai i i
saslaala
adsaasal adad
s
(31)
a a of emf
adad=
a saVolts. adada s
a a
adad
s a a
adad
s a a
adad
s a adaada as
PP PP PP PP PP PP PP PaPdad
www.Padasalai.Net
ab
laiai i i i i
Evaluation
i i lailai i i laailai i i
adsaasal d a saaslaala d a saaslaala d a saaslaala d a saasa A wire of
2. d a saaslaala 2 ohms
resistance d a saasper meter is
d a saaslaala
bent as
d
I.PaPaMultiplePachoice
Pa d PaPa d
questions : PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d PaPdad
to form a circle of radius 1m. The equivalent
ur
resistance between its two diametrically opposite

salsaailai 1. The s a following
lsaailai graph
s alsaailashows
i current
s alsaailaversus
i
s alsaailpoints,
ai A and
ilaishown in the
laaas
saasB
ilai is
saaslaafigure
i i
saaslaala
ada d a
voltage
a values of
d a asome unknown
d a a conductor. d a a d a d a d a as
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
What is the resistance of this conductor?
.s
laiai laailaiV i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saasAlaala
i i
saaslaalBa
i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d a s
a as d a d a da d a da da as
PaPa d 5 PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d PaPdad
w
laiai i i
saaslaala 3
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala saaslaa
ilai i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d a d a d a d a d a d a π d a as
a
P Pa d
2
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
Pa
(a) πPΩ
d a d
P Pa(b) Ω a
P Pa d PaPdad
w
2
1 π
laiai i i i i i i i(c)i 2π Ω i i (d)alailaΩi i i
adsaasal d a saaslaala 0 d a saaslaala d a saaslaala d asaaslaala d a saaslaala d a sasa4 d asaaslaala as
PaPa d d
PaP1 a 2 I 3 PaP d
4a 5 PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d d
PaPaπ Ω ] PaPdad
w
[Ans. (a)
(a) 2 ohm (b) 4 ohm i i 3. laiA toaster operating at 240 V has a resistance oflaiai
laiai lsaailai lsaailai aslaala asalai aslaailai aslaailai
adsaasal (c)
a s
a a8 ohm a s
a a (d) 1 ohm
a s
a a s
a 120 Ω. aItsa s
power is
a a sa asaasal as
PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad P Pdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad
[Ans. (a) 2 ohm] (a) 400 W (b) 2 W
(c) 480 W (d) 240 W
laiai laailai V ala ilai laailai laailai laailai laailai aslaailai
adsaasal Hint:
d a s
a as R = d a s
a s a da s
a as d a s
a as d a saas d a saas[ Ans. (c) 480
d a sW]
a as
PaPa d d
PaPa I PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d PaPdad
Hint: P=V×I
laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
d a d a d a d a as
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
laiai Kindly
laiai Share Your
laiai to OurlaEmail
laiai laiai laiai
laiai i i ilai
saaslaais
This aailai
saaslSample,
Onlydfor
ilai
saaslaaBook
ai or
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a d
PaAll Leading a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
a a a a a as
d
PaPa d d
PaPa d d
PaPa d ➠ XIIPStd
aPa - Physics
d d PaPa- Volume-I
d d d
PaPa d d
PaPa d PaPdad
4. A carbon resistor of (47 ± 4.7 ) k Ω to be 9. In a large building, there are 15 bulbs of 40W,
marked
ai i with rings i ofi different acolours
saslaala for dits saaslaala 5 bulbs sof
aslaa100W,
ilai 5 fans aofla80W
laiai sasala andd1adsheater
i i i i i i aslaailai
adsaasal a saa slala a saaslaala a a a a a a as
a d
P Pa d identification.a d
P Pa d The colour acode
P Pad d sequence awill
P Pa d of 1kW
a d
P Pa d are connected.
a
P Pad d The voltageaof
P Pa electric PaPdad
be [PTA-2] mains is 220V. The maximum capacity of the
(a) i Yellow – Green i– Violet – Gold i main fuse of the building will be (IIT-JEE 2014)
laiai l a a i l a a i l a a i l a ilai (a) 14 A i i
saaslaala ai i
saa(b)
slala8 A dadsaaslala
ai i
adsaasal d a a
sa(b) l
sa Yellow –dViolet
a a l
sasa– Oranged–adSilver a
sasa l
d a a
sasa d a d a as
d
PaPa (c) VioletP–aPYellow a d
– OrangePaPa– Silver PaPa d (c)Pa10 d
PaA PaPa (d) 12 APaPa d PaPdad
[Ans. (d) 12 A]
m
(d) Green – Orange – Violet - Gold
laiai s[la ilai (b) Yellow
aAns.
i i
saaslaa–laViolet –daOrange
i i
saaslaala – Silver]
ilai
saaslaaHint: aailaiV
saaslÞ
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d a saa d a d a P =
d aVI d a d a as
a d
Pa What is the
P 5. a a d
P Pvalue a d
P Pa of the following
of resistance
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d
P PP
a a d a
P Pa d PaPdad
co
resistor? 10. There is a current of 1.0 A in the circuit shown
laiai l a ilai l a ilai l a ilai l aiai i i
saaslaalais the resistance laiai lailai
adsaasal a
asasa a
asasa a
asasa asasal below.aWhat
a asaasal of P ? as[PTA-3]
aasa as
PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPda3 d PaPdad PaPdad
.
(a) 100 k Ω (b) 10 k Ω
laiai ai i
slala1k Ω
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaaklaΩ
i i
saaslaala
i i
saas9Vlaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
adsaasal
ks
d a (c)
saa d a (d)da1000 d a d a d a 2.5da as
a
P Pa d

a
P Pa d a a d
P P[Ans. a a
(a) 100PkPΩ]
d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
6. Twoi wires of A and ilai B with acircular cross
laiai laalai made sup laaof laailai i i
saaslaala (a) 1.5
i i
saaslaala
P ai i ai i
slala2.5 Ω dadsaaslala
adsaasal d a s
a section
as da a
as the same
d a samaterial
s with
d a d aΩ
d a saa(b) as
PaPdad
d
PaPa equal lengths. d
PaPa Suppose RPaP d
oo d
PaPais
= a3 RB, then what
aPa
(c)P 3.5
d
Ω P P
aa d aa
(d) 4.5 ΩP P
Unit 2
A
the ratio of radius of wire A to that of B? [Ans. (c) 3.5 Ω]
laiai i i i i lailaMQP-2019]
[Govt. i aailai What is sthe ilai laailafrom
i i i
adsaasal a saaslaala a saaslaala sasa saasl11. aslaacurrent drawn saasout saaslaala
the abattery? as
a d d
P Pa (a) 3 a d
P Pa d aPdaada3
P(b) a d
P Pa
a
d a d
P Pa
ad a a
P Pad a
d a
P Pad d PaPdad
www.Padasalai.Net
ab
1 1
(c) i (d)
laiai laalai 3 i i
saaslaala 3sala i
alai (c) 1da]saaslaalai
i aslaailai i i
s15aaslaala 15
i i
saaslaala
adsaasal a s5V 15
d a s
a s d a d a a[sAns. d a a d a d a as
PP aa d PP aa d PaPa d PaP3a d PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d PaPdad
7. A wire connected to a power supply of 230 V
ur
laiai hasai power

i
saaslaala P1. dSuppose
dissipation i i
saaslaala the wire
i i i i
saaslaala
i i
saslaala
i i
saslaala
i i
saslaala
adsaasal asaa slala a a a da a
(a)Pa1A aa aa as
a d
P Pa d is cut intoa
P Pad
two
d equal pieces
a
P Pa d and connected
a
P Pad d Pad PaPdad (b) 2A PaPdad PaPdad
parallel to the same power supply. In this case (c) 3A (d) 4A
.s
P [
laiai laailai dissipation
power laaisilaPi 2. The ratio laail2ai is i i
saaslaala ai i
saslala ai i Ans. (a) 1A]
ai i
saslala saslala
adsaasal a s
a as a saas a saas P a The daada a a of resistanceaa as
d d
PaPa PaPad d PaPad d PaPa 12.
d
1 [July-'22] d PaPtemperature coefficient
PaPdad PaPdad of a PaPdad
(a) 1 (b) 2 wire is 0.00125 per °C. At 20°C, its resistance
w
is 1 Ω. The resistance of the wire will be 2 Ω iat

laiai (c) 3
lailai lailai (d) 4 la[Ans. ilai (d) 4] lailai i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i
saaslaala
i
adsaasal a
dasasa sasa
aPdaada asaasa asaasa a a [FRT,aJuly-'22] as
Pad In India Pelectricity
Pa8. PaPdad for domestic
is supplied PaPdad a d d a d d
Pa ºC P Pa (b) 700 ºC
(a)P 800
a d
P Pa d PaPdad
w
use at 220 V. It is supplied at 110 V in USA. If

theiresistance of a 60W (c) 850 ºC (d) 820 ºC
laiai a i a ilai bulb forause a ilain
i India is
a ilai a ilai i i ilai
adsaasal d a a
saR, l l a
sathe resistance
d a a l
sasofa a 60W bulb d a
l
sa use in USA
safor d a a l
sasa [ d a a
sasa l
d a saslaalaAns. (d)
a
d a saaslaaºC]
820 as
d
PaPa will be PaPa d d
PaPa [FRT & May-'22] PaPa d PaPa d Pa a d Pa a d PaPdad
w
Given = R2 = 2 Ω ;PR1 = 2 Ω ; t1 = 20PºC ; t2 = ?

(a) R (b) 2R α = 0.00125 / ºC
laiai l a i a i l a i a i R l aailai laailai laailai laailai i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d a saa s
(c)
a l R
d a s aas a l
(d) d a saas d a saas R d =
a s
R aa s(1 + α Δt) ; d2a=dsa1as(1 + 0.00125d Δt)
a as
a
P Pa d
4 PP
a a d a
P Pa 2 d a
P PRad a
P Pa2 d 1 a
P Pa a
P Pa d PaPdad
[Ans. (c) ] Hint: 1
4 = 1 + 0.00125 Δt ; ∴Δt = = 800
0 . 00125
laiai saaslaala
i i i
s2aaslaala
i i
saaslaalaV 2
i i
saaslaala
i Δt =asta2a–sla
i
at1la i i
saaslaala
i i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d a d V
a d a d a d d a d a as
PaPHint:
a d d
1. P P=aPa ; d
P2.aPaR = PaPa d aPa
P∴Δt d
= Δt + t1 =P800
aPa d
+ 20 = 820 P P
aa d PaPdad
R P 2
laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
laiai Kindly
laiai Share Your
laiai to OurlaEmail
laiai laiai laiai
laiai i i ilai
saaslaais
This aailai
saaslSample,
Onlydfor
ilai
saaslaaBook
ai or
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a d
PaAll Leading a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
d
PaPa d d
d d d
a d d
PaPa d d
PaPa d PaPdad
13. The internal resistance of a 2.1 V cell which ii.

laiai gives l a
ai current
a i of 0.2 l A
a i through
a i a l ai
resistanceai of l a i Vid = aτ
a l ai a i e τ l a i a i V d lailai
adsaasal d a saasal d a saasal d a saasal d a saasal d a saasal l
µda=dsaasaor µ = adadsaasa as
P Pa10 Ω is
a d a
P Pa d a d
P[PTA-4;
Pa Aug. 2020] a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa m PPEa PaPdad
(a) 0.2 Ω (b) 0.5 Ω
iii. It's unit is ms–1 It's unit is m2 V–1 s–1
i
la a i (c) 0.8 i Ω
i i i (d) 1.0 Ω i i i i i i i i i i
adsaasal a saaslaala a saaslaala a saaslaala a saaslaalState
4.
a
a saaslaala form of
microscopic a saaslaalalaw. dadsaaslaala
Ohm’s as
PaPa
d d PaPad d PaP[Ans.
da (b) 0.5 Ω]
d d
PaPa d
→ P
→P
aad d PaPad d PaPa PaPdad
Ans. J = σ E J is the current density, E is the Electric
m
Resistivity a temperature for current and 2
s alsaailai Hint: saslaailai s alsaailai 1 s alsaailai s alsaailField,

ai σ is the
s a aailai
lsconductivity. s alsaailais = ne τ saslaailai
where
ada a aResistivity aadaada aPdaada aa aa aa aa as
PaPdad P P Temperature forPsemiconductor PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPmdad PaPdad
14. A piece of copper and another of germanium 5. State macroscopic form of Ohm’s law.
co
laiai are cooled
i i from room i itemperature to
i i 80 K. Ans. iVi = IR, V isalathe
i i potential difference,
i i I is thelailai
adsaasal asaaslaala a saaslaala a saaslaala a saaslaala a sasala a saaslaala adsaasa as
PaPaThe resistance
d PaPof
d d d d d aPdagiven PaPdad
CURRENT ELECTRICITY
d a d PaPa d [FRT-'22]
PaPa d current
PaPand
a R is the resistance
d PaPa d across Pthe
(a) each of them increases conductor.
.
(b) each of them decreases
laiai laailai increases aailai
saasland aailai
saasldecreases
iai
saaslaalWhat
i i
saaslaalaand nondaohmic
i i
saaslaaladevices?dadsaaslaala
i i
adsaasal aredaohmic
ks
d(c)
a saascopper d a germanium
d a d a6. as
a d
P Pa(d) copper decreases a d
P Pa and germanium a
P Pa d
increases
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa PaPdad
Ans. Ohmic Devices Non Ohmic
[Ans. (d) copper decreases and germanium Devices
laiai increases]
l a ilai l a ilai la ilai l a ilai l a ilai l a ilai ai i
adsaasal d a a
sasa d a a
sasa d a a
sasa d a a
sasa Materials
d a a
sasafor which dadMaterials a
sasa or dadsaaslala as
PaPaIn Joule’s heating PaPa law, when PaPaR and t are PaPdad
15. d d
oo
d PaPa d d
PaPcurrent
the
a
versus PaPa devices thatPado Panot
constant, if the H is taken along the y axis and
I2 along the x axis, the graph is [PTA-2; QY-2019] voltage graph is a follow Ohm’s law
laiai l a i
(a)sasstraighta i l a i a i
line sasal (b) parabola l a i a i l a i a i straight saasline
l i i
al throughdaare
a a ilai to be non-alailai
saaslaasaid
adsaasal d a a al d a a d a saasal d a saasal d a asasa as
d
P Pa(c) circle
a a
P Pa d aPa d
(d)Pellipse a
P Pa d thea a d
P Porigin, are saidP Pa ohmic. PaPdad
a d PaPdad
www.Padasalai.Net
ab
[Ans. (a) straight line] to obey Ohm’s law

laiai
adsaasal II. Sahort
saaslaalaAnswer
i i
a saasQ
i i
laaluestions
a
a saa:slaala
i i
a
i
saaslaala
i and their
a
behaviour
saaslaala
i i
a
i i
saaslaala a
i i
saaslaala as
aad d aad d d
PaPa d PaPad d is
Pasaid
Pa to be ohmic.
d d PaPad d PaPad d PaPdad
1.P P Why currentPisPa scalar?
Ans. Current has both magnitude and direction. But 7. Define electrical resistivity. [QY-2019; May-2022]
ur
laiai laailai
thesasdirection i i
saaslaala does not
of current aslaailaivector aAns.
saobey
iai
saaslaalElectrical resistivityi i
saaslaala of a material
i i
saaslaalisadefineddas aslaailai
sathe
adsaasal d a a d a d a d d a d a a as
a d
P Palaws of addition. a d a
P PaSo, current isP aPscalar a d a
P Pa
quantity.
d resistance a d
P Paoffered to current a d
P Pa flow by a conductor a
P Pa d PaPdad
of unit length having unit area of cross section.
2. Define current density.
.s
RA
laiai Ans. The laailai densitysa(J)
current laailis
ai defined assathe laailacurrent
i laailaρi= . Unit ilai
saasl:aaohm-metre (Ω aailai
saaslm)
i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d a saas d a a s d a a s d a saas L d a d a d a as
d
PaPaper unit areaPofaPcross d
a section PofaPthe d
a conductor.PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d PaPdad
1 8. Define temperature coefficient of resistance.
w
J =
laiai A [PTA-4]
adsaasal a s aslaailai a s aslaailai Asasla
a a
ilai
a s aslaailai a s aslaailai a s aslaailai a
i i
saaslaala as
a
P PadThe
d a S.I unit of acurrent
P Pad d a density is
a d d
P Pam 2
a (or) Am–2
a
P Pad d a
Ans. It is defined
a
P Pa d d aas the ratioaof
P Pad d a
increase in resistivity
a
P Pad d PaPdad
w
3. Distinguish between drift velocity and per degree rise in temperature to its resistivity
laiai mobility. i i i i [HY-2019]
i i iati T . i i i i i i
adsaasal Ans. d a saaslaala d a saaslaala d a saaslaala d asaaslaala 0 dadsaaslaala d a saaslaala d asaaslaala as
PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d PaρPa
D PaP0a d PaPa d PaPdad
w
α= . Its unit is per C

Drift velocity Mobility ρ0DΤ
laiai i. Thealadrift i velocity ais i Mobility of an electron
ilai iai aailai on superconductors.
i i i i
adsaasal d a
the
alai
sasaverage a
velocity
d
i
saslaalais defined
d a saaslaaas the d a saaslaalWrite
9. a short
d a saaslnote d a saaslaala da saaslaala as
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
acquired by the magnitude of the Ans. The resistance of certain materials become zero
electrons inside the drift velocity per unit below certain temperature Tc. This temperature
laiai conductor i i whensasit i i
laalaelectric field. i i iisi known asacriticali i temperature i ior transition i i
adsaasal a saaslaala a a a saaslaala a saaslaala a saslaala a saaslaala a saaslaala as
d
PaPais subjectedPaPto
d d
a an
d PaPad d d
PaPa d temperature.
PaPa The materials
d d PaPa which exhibit
d d PaPa this
d d PaPdad
electric field. property are known as superconductors.
laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
d a d a d a d a as
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
laiai Kindly
laiai Share Your
laiai to OurlaEmail
laiai laiai laiai
laiai i i ilai
saaslaais
This aailai
saaslSample,
Onlydfor
ilai
saaslaaBook
ai or
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a d
PaAll Leading a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
a a a a a as
d
PaPa d d
PaPa d d
PaPa d ➠ XIIPStd
aPa - Physics
d d PaPa- Volume-I
d d d
PaPa d d
PaPa d PaPdad
2. If an electric field of magnitude 570 NC–1, is Short Answer Questions 3 marks
laiai lsaailai in the copper
applied lsaailawire,
i findsthe ilai
lsaaacceleration aailai Obtain saarelation
ls1. lsaailai l a ilai laailai
adsaasal d a s
a a
d a s
a a
d a a
a d a s
aa
d a a between
d a s
a as current dand
a a saasdrift as
d
P Pa experienced
a d
P Paby the electron.
a a
P Pa d a d
[Sep-2020]
P Pa a
P Pa d
velocity. a
P Pa d a a d
P P[May-2022] PaPdad
qE
Sol.: Acceleration, a = Ans. The drift velocity of the electrons = vd
m
laiai laailai field intensity,
laailai E = 570 NCla–1iai i i If the electrons i imove through ai distance
i dx within i i
adsaasal a as Electric
as a s as asasal a saaslaala a saaslaala a saaslaala a saaslaala as
aPdada
PaPdad We know.Peach da
PaPadacharge d
PaPa d aP aPa interval of dt,
small
d d PaPthen
da d d
PaPa d PaPdad
electron has q dx
m
= 1.6 × 10–19 coulombs vd = ; dx = vd dt ...(1)
dt
laiai saaMassai i of an electron,
slala
i i
saaslaalam = 9.1 d×ad10
iai
saaslaalkg
–31 i i
saaslaala SincedAadis aiai of crossssection
slalarea aslaailai of the conductor, i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d a d a d a saathe d a a d a as
a
P Pa d a d
P×P1a.6×10−19
570
a
P P×a10−19
912
a
P Pa d PP
the
a a
electrons
a d
P Pain the volumePof
available
a d
Palength dx PaPdad
∴a = =
co
9.1×10 −31
9.1×10 −31 is = volume × number of electrons per unit volume
laiai saaslaala = Adxdad×saan saasl...(2)
i i i i i i i i ai i i i aailai
adsaasal d a saa=slaa100.2
la × 1012asm/s
d aaslaa2la
d a saaslaala d a slala d a saaslaala d a as
Pa3. d PaPa
Pa What is thermistor? d PaPa d PaPa
[FRT-'22]
d Substituting
PaPa for dx P from
aPa equation (1)Pin
d aPa (2)
d PaPdad
= (A vd dt ) n
Ans. A semiconductor with a negative temperature
.
Total charge in ithe volumeaelement dQ = (charge)
laiai lsaailai
coefficient of lsaailai is calledsaasthermistor.
resistivity laailai lsaailai × (number lsaaofilaelectrons l aailai i i
saaslaala
adsaasal
ks
a saa a saa a a a saa a saa in
a sathe
s volume element) a as
a d d a d d a d d a d d a d d a d d a d d PaPdad
Pa CalculateP P
P 4. a equivalent
the a
P Presistance for a
P Pthe dQP=Pa(e)(A v dt) n P Pa P Pa
d
circuit which is connected to 12 V battery and dQ
also find the potential difference across 2Ω Hence the current I= ; I i= ne A vd ...(3)
laiai i
laalai i
laala i i
laala i i
laala i i
laala i dtsasla ai laailai
adsaasal s a s
adaadaand 4Ω resistors
s as
adaada in the circuit.
adaada
s as s as
adaada Long Aanswer
[July-'22] s as
daada Questions adaada
a l
ada aas as as
PaPdad
PP PP PP
oo PP PP PP 5dmarks
PP
Unit 2
R1 R2
2Ω 4Ω 1.* A Copper wire of cross-sectional area 0.5 mm2

laiai i i i i i i i i carries a acurrent
laailai of 0.2 sA. aslaa28Ifilathe
i free electron i i
adsaasal d a saaIslaala d a saaslaaI la d a saaslaala d a saaslaala density d a sascopper
of is 8.4d a× a10 m –3
then d a saaslaala
compute as
a
P Pa d + P-P
a a d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
www.Padasalai.Net the drift velocity of free electrons. [Aug-2021]

ab
12 V
Sol. Since the resistors are connected in series, the Sol. The relation between drift velocity of electrons
laiai ai i
slala resistance
i i
saaslaainlathe circuit
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala and current
i i
saaslaainlaa wire of
ilai
saaslaasectional ai i
slaisla
adsaasal d a effective
saa d a d a d a d a d cross
a area
d a saaA as
d
PaPa = 2 Ω + 4PΩ aPa d
=6Ω PaPa d PaPa d PaPa Id PaPa d PaPa d PaPdad
V 12 vd =
current I in the circuit = = = 2.0 A
ur
Req neA
6ai i 0.2 lailai
laiai la i a i l a i ai l a l a i a i aslaailai28 alaailai
adsaasal d a sa s l
aVoltage
a across d a 2Ω
sa
l
asaresistor
d a saasal
d as aas =
a l
d a8
sa
. 4 10 1 . 6d a saa−s19a
10 0. 5 10d−a6sas as
a d
P Pa V = IR P =P
a a d
2.0 A × 2 Ω = P 4P
a
V
a d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d × × a
P Pa ×d × ×a
P Pa d PaPdad
1 1
Voltage across 4 Ω resistor = 0.03×10 –3
ms –1
.s
laiai i i i i i i i i * Part of 5almarks i i questionalailai i i

adsaasal saVlaa2 l=aIR2 = 2.0 A
a as a as sa×laa4laΩ = 8 V salaala
a as salaala
a as s aala
a as s a
a as a as salaala as
additional questions and answers
w
laiai Choose
saaslaala the Cdorrect
i i
saaslaala Answer
i i
saaslaala 1 mark
i i ilai
saaslaaHint:
i i
saaslaalais not adstructure
Resistivity i i
saaslaala of thedmaterial
i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d a a d a d a d a a a as
a d
Pa The colour
P1. a d
a on a carbon
P Pcode a d
P Pa resistor isPreda
Pa- d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
3. When 'n' resistors of equal resistance (R) are
w
red - black. The resistance of the resistor is? connected in series and in parallel respectively,
laiai (a) ila2.2
i Ω ilai (b) 22aΩlailai ilai then the ratio i i i i i i
adsaasal d a a
sasal a
d a a
sasal a
d a sasa d a a l
sasa a
d a saaslaalaof theirdeffective
a saaslaala resistance
d a saasislaala as
d
PaPa (c) 220 2.2 PaPΩ
a d d
aPa2.2 k Ω
P(d) PaPa d d
(a)Pa1P:an2 2 a
:P1a
d PaPa d PaPdad
w
(b) nP
[Ans. (b) 22 Ω] (c) n : 1 (d) 1 : n [Ans. (b) n2 : 1]
laiai 2. The aslaailaelectrical
i resistivity
ilai of a thin copper
i i wire alailai i i i i i i
adsaasal d a saand a thick a saaslaawire
copper
d are a saaslaala P Ωdm
respectively
d a sasa d a saRasslaa=lanR d a saaslaala d a saaslaala as
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P1 Pa d a
P Pa d a a d
R P PR s nR n 2P P
a a d PaPdad
and P2 Ω m. Then = =
Rp = n Rp R 1
(a) i P1 > P2 (b) P2 i> P1 Hint:
laiai l a a i l a ai l a i ai l a i a i l a ilai l a
n ilai
saaslaala
i i
adsaasal d a a
sasa l
d a a
sasPa1 l
d a a
sasa l
d a a
sasa l
d a a
sasa d a a
sasa d a as
d
PaPa (c) P1 = PP2aPa(d) d d
PaPa[Ans. (c) P1P=aPPa2] d d
PaPa ∴ R : R =PanP2a: 1 d PaPa d PaPdad
P2 s p
laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
laiai Kindly
laiai Share Your
laiai to OurlaEmail
laiai laiai laiai
laiai i i ilai
saaslaais
This aailai
saaslSample,
Onlydfor
ilai
saaslaaBook
ai or
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a d
PaAll Leading a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
d
PaPa d d
d d d
a d d
PaPa d d
PaPa d PaPdad
4. Which of the following has negative 11. In an electrical arrangement as shown the
temperature coefficient
laiai saaslaalaof resistance?
i i i i i i iai aslaailai between i i aslaailai
adsaasal d a saaslaala d a d a saaslaala d a saaslaalequivalent
d asresistance
a d a saaslaaXlaand Y will
d a sabe as
a
P Pa(a)
d copper (b)
a
P Pa tungsten
d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d 100 Ω a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
(c) carbon (d) silver[Ans. (c) carbon] X
Ω
75
laiai 5. The temperature
ilai
saaslaais
co-efficient
i i
saaslaala
of resistance
i i for
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala laaila50i Ω i i
saaslaala
50 Ω i i
saaslaala
adsaasal dalloys
a d a d a da d a s
a as d a d a as
(a) low (b) very low Y
m
(c) high (d) very high[Ans. (a) low] (a) 158.75 Ω (b) 118.75 Ω
alsaailai alsaailai alsaailai alsaailai alsaailai aslaailai alsaailai i i
saaslaala
s
ada 6. adWhich
a sa of the d following
a s
a material
d asa has theadada (c) 218a.75
s d a sΩ
a d a s
(d)a 318.75 Ω d a as
d
P Pahighest specific a d
P Paresistance? P Pa a d P Pa P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
[Ans. (b) 118.75 Ω]
co
(a) rubber (b) silver
(c) agermanium Hint:
laiai saaslaala (d) glass
i i i i i i i i i i i i i i
adsaasal a saslaala a a saaslaala a saaslaala a saaslaala a saaslaala a saaslaala as
d
PaPa d [Ans.
aPa (a) rubber]
d d d d d PaPdad
CURRENT ELECTRICITY
d PaPa d P d PaPa d Let R1P=aP50Ω,
a R2 = 75Ω,
d PaPRa3 = 50Ω, R4 =P100Ω
d aPa d
7. An electron gun in a TV shoots out a beam 1 1 1 1
.
of electrons. The beam current is 10µ A. The Here R , R , R are parallel ∴ = + +
laiai i i
saaslaalathat strikes aiai
slalscreen aslaailai is i i
saaslaala
1 2
saaslaala
3 i i Rsap la iRi R 2 Ra3 lailai
sala 1
adsaasal
ks
charge
a a saa
the in a1 sminute a a a s sa as
a d d
P Pa(a) + 600 µC a
P Pad d P a
P
da d a
P a
P
d
a d a d
1 P1Pa 1 1 d 8 Pa
P a d d a
P aPdaada PaPdad
(b) – 600 µC = + + =
(c) + 10 µC (d) – 10 µC R p 50 75 50 150
laiai ala i i i i [Ans. (b)al–ail600 i µC] i i 150 alailai i i i i
adsaasal d a sasala d a saaslaala d a sasa a d a saaslaalRap = d aΩ sasa d a saaslaala d a saaslaala as
PaPdad
PaPa d q =PItaPa d PaPa
oo
d PaPa d P8aPa d PaPa d PaPa d
Hint: 100 Ω 150/8 Ω
= 10 × 10 × 60 = – 600 µC
–6
X Y
laiai aslaailspecific
ai lsaailai of a potentiometer
lsaailai lsaailai lsaailai R saslaailai (Both aresain ai i
slala
adsaasal 8. Ifasathe
d resistance
d a saa
d a saa
d a saa
series)
R
d a s
4 a
a p a a
d d a a as
a d
P Pawire is 10 Ωm –7 a d
P Paand current P a d
Pa throughPitPa
flowing a d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
www.Padasalai.Net
150
ab
is 0.1 amp, cross - sectional area of wire is 10 –6

Rs = 100 + = R + Rp
m2, then potential gradient will be 8 i 4
laiai i
la a i alalai i i
lala i alalai i lai
laa118.75 laiai alailai
adsaasal adsaas10a–2l v/m
d(a) dadsasa (b) 10d–4adsv/m aasa dadsasa Equivalent dadR saass= adsaasal
Ωdresistance dadsasa as
PaPa PaPa PaPa–8 PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPdad
(c) 10 v/m
–6
(d) 10 v/m 12. The emf of a battery is 3 volts and internal
ur
[Ans. (a) 10–2 v/m] resistance 0.125 Ω . The difference of potential

laiai lailai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala lsaailat
ai the terminal i i
saaslaala of battery aailai connected
saaslwhen
i i
saaslaala
adsaasal Hint: sasa
adaada d a d a d asaa
d a d a d a as
PP a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d acrossPan
a d
Paexternal resistance
a d
P Pa of 1 Ω isP Pa a d PaPdad
V IR (a) 1.67 V (b) 0.67 V
Potential gradient= =
.s
l i l i(c)i 2.67 V (d) l3.67i iV

laiai saaslaala
i i laalai R ρ saslaailai saaslaala
i i
saaslaala saasaala
i i
saaslaala
adsaasal a a saasρl
= aPdaada a a a a as
d d
PaPaWe know that, d d
PaPRa= A ∴ l P A
d
PaPa d d
PaPa d PaPa [Ans. (c)
d d 2.67
PaPda V]
d PaPdad
Hint:
w
−7
V ρ 0.1 ×10 r = i 0.125 Ω , R = 1i Ωi
laiai ∴ ala= ilaiI × = ala−ila6 i = 10 V/m –2
aailai aailai aalai la la i i
adsaasal d a sa ls a Aadada10s s a d a saasl
d a s
a asl
d a s a l
εas= 3V , Va=da?dsaasa d a saaslaala as
a
P a d P a a
P a d a
P a d a
P a d P Pa a
P Pa d PaPdad
9. P Temperature Pco-efficient ofP resistance forP InternalPresistance,
w
metals is
ilra=i
(ε − V ) R ⇒i Vr = εR – VR i
laiai lsaailai
(a)saconstant l a ilai (b) positive l a ilai l a a i
Vdadsaaslala saaslaala
i i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d a a d a a
sasa d a a
sasa d a a
sasa d a d a as
d
PaPa(c) zero PaPa d (d)Pa d
negative
Pa PaPa d Pa+PaVR = εR PaPa d PaPa d PaPdad
w
Vr
[Ans. (b) positive]
10. A metallic V (r + R) = εR
laiai l aailai block shas l aailno
a i potentialaldifference
aailai laailai i i
saaslaala εR dadsaaslaala
i i i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d a saa
applieds across dit, a aa
then
s the mean d a sa velocity
s of dadas
s a
d a da as
a d
P Pafree electrons PPa
is
a d a
P Pa d a
P Pa a d
P Pa V = a
P Pa a
P Pa d PaPdad
r+R
(a) proportional to T
3×1 3i i
laiai laailai
(b)sasproportional for laaTilai laailai laailai V l=aailai =sasla a i i
saaslaala
adsaasal s as s as s a s s as
a a 1 + 0.125 a a al as
PaPdad1.125
ada aPdaada aPdaada aa a
PaPda(c) finite butPindependent ofPtemperature PaPdad PaPdad d
PaPa d PaPdad
(d) zero [Ans. (d) zero] = 2.67 V.
laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
d a d a d a d a as
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
laiai Kindly
laiai Share Your
laiai to OurlaEmail
laiai laiai laiai
laiai i i ilai
saaslaais
This aailai
saaslSample,
Onlydfor
ilai
saaslaaBook
ai or
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a d
PaAll Leading a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
a a a a a as
d
PaPa d d
PaPa d d
PaPa d ➠ XIIPStd
aPa - Physics
d d PaPa- Volume-I
d d d
PaPa d d
PaPa d PaPdad
13. A square aluminum rod is 1 m long and 5 mm 5 1
laiai on
aslaaiedge.
lai What must
aslaailaibe the radius aailaofi anothersalaailai iI i = = A i i i i
adsaasal d a saaluminum rod
d a sawhose length d a
is
sa1aslm and which a as asaaslaala 10 d2adsaaslaala a saaslaala as
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad a d
P Pa d PaPa a d
P Pa d PaPdad
has the same resistance as that of square ∴Potential across 2Ω is
Aluminum rod? 1
laiai aslaaila i mm i i (b) 2.8amm i i i i V ilai = × 2 =a1V. ai i [ ∵ VRs1a=laaIiRla1]i
adsaasal d a sa(a) 1.4
d a saaslaala d a saslaala d a saaslaala d a a l
sasa 1aR
2 dasaslala daadas as
d
PaPa (c) 4.2 mm PaPa d d
aPa5.6 mm PaPa 15.
P(d) d aPa d
AnPunknown
d
PaPa is connected
resistance PaPin parallel PaPdad
with a 15Ω resistance and a 12 V battery. What
m
[Ans. (b) 2.8 mm]
Hint: is the value of the unknown resistance iflathe
laiai aslaailai aslaailai aslaailai aslaailai aslaailai aslaailai saasala
i i
adsaasal d a sa d a sa→ l ; d as a → l
d a
′
sa currentd a s
in
a the circuit is
d a s
2A?
a d a as
a
P Pa d First rod length
a
P Pa d Second
a
P Pa d rod length a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
(a) 10 Ω (b) 20 Ω
co
First rod radius → r ; First rod radius → r′
(c) 30 Ω (d)i 40 Ω
laiai laailali = l1 = 1 msaslaailai
Here laailai laailai laailai a i
slala [Ans. d(a)
ilai
aslaaΩ]
adsaasal d a sa a
Ass both haved a a the same d a s as
material,
a so same
d a saas d a saas d a saa a sa10 as
registivity, P = P′ ⇒ R = R′ Hint:
1 1 1 R + 15
.
pl p ' l ' 1 1 = i+ i ⇒
laiai sa⇒ l a i a i = ⇒ l a i i
sal A = dadsaasal
a l a i ai l a i a i R 15
l al R
a a 15Rsasla i
alai aslaailai
adsaasal asal saasal
ks
a A A' a saa a p sas
a a a a 2sa
I d=ad A as
a d
P Pa d a
P Pa d d a
P Pa A' a
P Pad d a
P Pad d 15R P Pa a d d a
P Pa PaPdad
⇒ A′ = A Rp = 12V
15 + R R
laiai ⇒laπr i 2
i = 5 × 5 × 10i –6
i i i i i V = IR i i i i i
adsaasal a saasala a saaslaa−6la a saaslaala a saaslaala a saaslaapla 15R dads30 aslaala 15 Ωsala
a s alai as
d a25a × 10
d d d d a R d a
PaPdad
PaPa d
r2 =P P
d PaPa
ood PaPa d aPa
P12 d
= 2× PaP=a PaPa d
Unit 2
π 15 + R 15 + R
−3
5 × 10
saaslaala 12 (15da+dsa R) i ; 180 + a12R
aslaa=ila30R
laiai saslaala= 30R dadsaaslaala
i i aslaaila=i 2.82 × 10 –3 lai ai i i i i i i
adsaasal d a saasal r = da3ds.a14
l a a
d a saasm al= 2.82mm. d a d a as
a
P Pa d a
P Pa a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa 180 = 30RP–P12 a d
a R ; 180 = 18R a
P Pa PaPdad
www.Padasalai.Net
14. Four resistances are connected to a 5V battery
ab
R = 10 Ω
of negligible internal resistance as shown what
laiai i
aslaathe
sais
i
la potential i i
aslaala 2Ω ? asaaslaala
saacross
i i i
saasl16.
i aslaailai
aala Five 3 Ωsresistances aslaailai in a apolygon
are sarranged i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d a d a d d a d a a d a a d as
d
PaPa (a) 0.5 V PaPa d d
aPa1.5 V
P(b) PaPa d d
(5Psides).
aPa What isPthe d
aParesistance betweenPaPa d any PaPdad
(c) 1.0 V (d) 2.0 V two corners?
ur
laiai
adsaasal a sa
ala
s a
ilai
a saaslaailai a
[Ans.
saaslaailai(c) 1.0 V] a saaslaailai (a) 2.4aΩ s a
ai 3 Ω sa(c)
aslaail(b) a a slaaila9i Ω (d) l5ailΩ
a saasa a
i
as
d d 5 V d d d d d
a
P Pa d a
PA Pa d a
P Pa d D a
P Pa d Hint: P Pa a d

a
P Pa d [Ans.
P P(a)
a d
a 2.4 Ω] PaPdad
3Ω
.s
5Ω A B
3Ω
laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala laaila3i Ω i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d a d a d a da d a da s
a as da as
PaPa d B d
PaPa2 Ω d
PaPa 4 Ω C PaPa d PaPa d P
3Ω
aPa d PaPa d PaPdad
3Ω
w
20 Ω
Hint: 3Ω
laiai Let R = 2Ω, Rl2a=ila5Ω, R3 = 20Ω,laR = 4Ω &
aslaailai 1 asaila4i i i i i i i i i
A B
adsaasal a s
a a s
a asa i asa a saaslaala a saaslaala a saaslaala a saaslaala as
a d d
P Pa 1 P a d
1 Pa 1
d a d
P Pa d V =
a 5V
d
P Pa d a d
P Pa d a d
P Pa d a d
P Pa d PaPdad
w
= +
Rp R2 R3 12 Ω
laiai i i aslaa+ila5i 25 asaaslaailai
saasl1aala= 1 + 1da=dsa20
i i
saaslaala 1 sa1la i i ai i
sa+la1 = 4 +d1ad=saas5lala
i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d a = Padad d a d a =
a d a as
d
PaPa R p 5 PaP 20a 100 100 PaPa d RaP d
a 3 12 P12 aPa 12 PaPa d PaPdad
w
P P p
1 1 5V 12
= ⇒ Rp = a4Ω Rp = = 2.4 Ω
laiai aRlaapilai 4 i i
saaslala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala asl5aailai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d a s
a s d a d a d a d a s
a d a d a as
a d
P Pa ∴R = R P+ PRa+ R a d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d 17. How a
P Pa many
d 160 Ωa
P Pa resistor
d in parallel
a
P Pa d are PaPdad
s 1 p 4
required to carry a current of 5 A on a 100 V
Rs = 2 + 4 + 4 = 10Ω R1 laia Ri R4 line?
laiai aslaailai i i
saaslaaVla
i i
saaslaala alaailai aslaailai aailai
saasl8
adsaasal d asa d a da saasal p d a (a) a2daadsas (b) 4 adaadsa(c) 6 d(d)
a as
PaPa d Pa∴I d
Pa = PaPa d PaPa d PP PP PaPa d PaPdad
Rs [Ans. (d) 8]
laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
laiai Kindly
laiai Share Your
laiai to OurlaEmail
laiai laiai laiai
laiai i i ilai
saaslaais
This aailai
saaslSample,
Onlydfor
ilai
saaslaaBook
ai or
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a d
PaAll Leading a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
d
PaPa d d
d d d
a d d
PaPa d d
PaPa d PaPdad
Hint: V 100 22. The current in the given circuit is
laiai Rlap ila= = =ai20 Ω i aslaailai 1 asaaslaailai aslaailai i i
i i i I
l a l a a saaslaala
adsaasal d a saasa I d5a saasal
d a saasal
d a sa d d a sa d a as
a
P Pa d a
RP P
a d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d (a) PA
8 P
a a d a
P Pa d a
P Pa 3 Ωd PaPdad
Also Rp = 2V 3Ω
(R )
n 2
(R )
1
2
laiai i i i i i i i(b)i A i i i i i i
adsaasal a saaslaala R dadsaaslaaRla 160 dadsaaslaala a saaslaala 9 dadsaaslaala a saaslaala a saaslaala as
PaPa 20 = nPa
d d ⇒
Pan = 20 = 20PaPa PaPa d d PaPa PaPad d d
P3 aΩPa d PaPdad
2 (R )
∴n = 8.
m
(c) A (d) 1A
3
18. The lpotential difference 3

laiai aailai l aailai across the l terminals
a ilai l aail[
a i
saaslaala
i i i i
saaslaalaAns. (d) aslaailai
s1A]
adsaasal dof
a sa
aascell varies with
d a saas current drawn
the d a saa a
s from the dadas s a
d a d a d a a as
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa Hint: R P P a a d
= R2 + R3 = 3 + 3P= 6Ω
a
P a d a
P Pa d PaPdad
cell according to the graph.
co
s
1 1 1 1 1 6+3
laiai V i i
a a ilai V
a ilai a ilai = +lailai = + =alailai i i
adsaasal d a a
sasa l l a
d a a
sasal
d a a
sasal
d a a l a
sasa R p dadRsa1 saR s 3 d6adsas18 a d a saaslaala as
PaPdad
CURRENT ELECTRICITY
d
PaPa(a) PaPa d a d PaPa d PaPa PaPa PaPa d
(b)P Pa 18
Rp = =2Ω R5
.
9 2V i R1
laiai lsaailai Iala
ilai l aailai I l aailai l a ilai l a a i ai i
slala
adsaasal l
ks
a saa a sa s a a saas a saas a s a
Vas 2 a a saas a a saa as
a d
P Pa d V a
P Pad d a
P Pa
V d d a
P Pa d d IP P
a d
=a d = d
= 1PA.Pa
a d a
P Pa d d PaPdad
Rp 2
(c) (d)
laiai a ilai a ilai i i 23. iResistance
i increases
i i with i increase
i in i i
adsaasal a a
sasa l
a a
sasal
a saaslaala a saaslaala a saaslaala a saaslaala a saaslaala as
d d d d temperature
PaPa for
d d d PaPdad
PaPa d PaPa Id PaPa d
oo PI aPa d d PaPa d PaPa d
V (a) conductor (b) semiconductors
(c) insulators (d) superconductor
laiai aslaailai aslaailai aslaailai aslaailai aslaailai iai
saaslaal(a)
i i
saaslaala
adsaasal da sa d a sa [ Ans. (c) d a sa ] d a sa d a sa d [
a Ans. conductor]
d a as
a
P a P d a
P a d
P a
P a Pd P aa d P a
P a Pd a
P a P d P aaP d PaPdad
www.Padasalai.Net
ab
I 24. Which of the following is identical?

laiai 19. Insaan laailexperiment
ai awith
ai i potentiometer
slala
iai when
saaslaalthen
iai germanium,
saaslaal(a)
i i i i
saaslaalasilicon dadsaaslaala
i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d a
thea sgalvanometerd a sadeflection is
d a
zero, no d a d a d a as
PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d d
PaPawood
(b) silver, PaPa PaPa d PaPdad
current flows in
(c) aluminum, constantan
ur
(a) the wire of potentiometer

laiai
adsaasal (b)
as laailaprimary
asthe i aslaailai
circuit
a s a s aslaailai as aslaail(d)
ai bakelite,sairon
a
ai i i i
saaslaala
slala[Ans. (a)dagermanium, a saaslaala
i i
as
a d d a a
P Pa(c) the galvanometer d
P Pa d a a d d a a d d a a d d a a d silicon]
ad d PaPdad
circuit P Pa P Pa P Pa P Pa P Pa
(d) accumulator cell 25. A potential difference is applied on the ends
.s
i
la ai sala i i [Ans. (c)saaslthe
aalagalvanometer
i i
saaslaalacircuit] dadsaaslaalof
i i iai a metallicawire.i i
saslaala If thedpotential
i i
saaslaala difference
i i
saasislaala
adsaasal d a a sala d a d a d a a d a as
d
PaPaKirchoff 's I Plaw
20.
d d
aPai.e. Σi= 0, atPaaPjunction,
a PaPa
deals doubled, d
PaPathe drift velocity
w
with the conservation of (a) will be doubled

laiai (a) acharge
a ilai a i i (b) energy ai i a i ai will be halved i i i i i i
adsaasal d a sasa l
d a
l
saasal a
d asaasall a
d a
l
saasal(b) d a saaslaala d a saaslaala d a saaslaala as
a
P Pa (c)
d momentum a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pbe
(c) will
a d
quadrupledP P
a a d a
P Pa d PaPdad
w
(d) angular momentum [Ans. (a) charge]

(d) will remain unchanged
laiai 21. Thealpotential
a ilai gradient a ilaiof the potentiometer
a ilai a ilai i i aailai i i
adsaasal a sasa a a
sasa l
a a
sasa l
a a l
sasa a saaslaala [Ans.dad(a) saaslwill be saaslaala
doubled]
a as
PaPawire depends
d d Paond
Pa d PaPad d d d
PaPa Hint: PaPad d PaPa d
PaPa d PaPdad
w
(a) only on the current that flows I = nAevd

(b) only on the resistance per unit length of the
laiai lsaailai lsaailai lsaailai lsaailai vd =ala ilaI i l
V
aailai [ I = sal]aailai
adsaasal s
ada awire s a s a s a a as nAe
s a s
a asa aR as as
PaPda(c) both thePabove aPdaadamentioned PaPdad
aa aa
PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad
V
(d) none of the above vd =
nAeR
laiai laailai[Ans. (c)sboth laailathe
i above mentioned]
laailai laailai laailai laailai i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d a saas d a aas ε d a saas d a saas ⇒ v is d a saas
directly proportional
d a saasto V. d a as
P aPa
Hint:
d a d
ε P=PaIrl ; = Ir P Pa
a d PaPa d dPa a
P d PaPa d PaPa d PaPdad
l ∴If V is doubled vd is also doubled.
laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
d a d a d a d a as
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
laiai Kindly
laiai Share Your
laiai to OurlaEmail
laiai laiai laiai
laiai i i ilai
saaslaais
This aailai
saaslSample,
Onlydfor
ilai
saaslaaBook
ai or
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a d
PaAll Leading a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
a a a a a as
d
PaPa d d
PaPa d d
PaPa d ➠ XIIPStd
aPa - Physics
d d PaPa- Volume-I
d d d
PaPa d d
PaPa d PaPdad
26. Resistance between the points A and B in the 30. Electrical resistance is given by
laiai given
ai i figure is salaailai i i i i ilai ai i ai i
adsaasal d a saaslala d a a sB d a saaslaala d a saaslaala (a) Rd=adsA aasllaa
d a slalaR = l dadsaaslala
saa(b) as
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa σ a
P Pa d σA
P aPa PaPdad
6Ω 3Ω
σA σ
(c) R = (d) R =
laiai saaslaala Al dadsaaslaal la
i i i i i i i i
saalslaala
i Ω i i i i i
saaslaala saaslaala saaslaala saaslaala
6
adsaasal d a d a d a da d a d a as
d
PaPa A PaPa6 Ωd 3Ω Pa a
P d PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d aPaR = ]
[Ans.P(b)
σA PaPdad
m
31. Nichrome wire is used as the heating element
laiai aslaailai
6Ω i i i i i i because italhas i i i i i i
adsaasal a sa a saaslaala a saaslaala a saaslaala a sasaala a saaslaala a saaslaala as
a d
P Pa d a
P Pad d a
P Pad d ad
P Pa d (a) low
a
P Pad d specific resistance
a
P Pad d a
P Pad d PaPdad
(b) low melting point
co
(a)9 Ω (b) 2 Ω (c) 3 Ω (d) 6 Ω
(c) high specific resistance
laiai lailai i [ laala (c) 3 Ω]saslaailai (d) highsconductivity
Ans.
i
adsaasal a saas a a saaslaala i
a saas
i
a a a aaslaailai a
i i
saaslaala a
i i
saaslaala as
d d
PaPHint: PaPad d PaPad d d
PaPa d d d d d d d PaPdad
a PaPa aPahigh specificPa
[Ans.P(c) Pa
resistance]
B
.
6Ω
6Ω 3Ω 32. An ideal cell ilai is connected to a capacitor
laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaa6lΩa
3Ω
lsaailai throughsaaslaavoltmeter. l aailai ilai
aslaathe
adsaasal
ks
a a A a a s
a a a a aThe
s
a as reading dVadsof a as
a d
P Pa d 6aΩd
P Pa d ad
P Pa d a d
P Pa d a d d
P Pa is plotted a
PP d
a d a
P Pa of the PaPdad
3Ω ⇒ voltmeter against time. Which
A 6Ω 3Ω 3Ω
following best represents the resulting curve?
laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
V i i
saaslaala
i Vi
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
adsaasal
6Ω
PaPdad
PaPa d PaPa d PaPa
oo
Unit 2
6Ω
B
B (a) (b)
6Ω
3Ω
laiai ⇒
i i
saasAlaala 6Ω i i
saaslaala A
i i
saaslaala
3Ω i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaalta
adsaasal d a d a d a d a da t
d a d a as
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a d
P Pa 3 Ω a
P Pa d a
P VPa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
www.Padasalai.Net
ab
V
6Ω
6Ω
A
laiai saaslaala (c) dadsaaslaala saa(d)
i i laailai
B
i i i i i i ai i i i
adsaasal d a saaslaala d a s
a as d a s3aΩaslaala d a d a slala d a saaslaala as
PaP⇒
a d PaPa d A
PaPa d PaPaBd PaPa PaPa d PaPa d PaPdad
t t
ur
6Ω V
laiai ai i
slala
ilai
saaslaaobey
ilai
aslaaare ai i
calledda.dsaaslala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
adsaasal 27.
d asaa
Conductors which
d a ohm's
d a slaw
a d a d a d a as
a d a d
P Pa (a) dielectrics
P Pa a d
Pasuperconductors
P(b) a
P Pa a
P Pa d a d
P P[Ans.
a (b) a
P Pa d ] PaPdad
(c) ohmic conductors (d) semiconductors
.s
t
laiai sla ilai ilai (c) ohmic
la[aAns. ilai
laaconductors] aailai
l33. laailcurrent
ai laailnetwork
ai laailai
adsaasal s
da a
a a s
aa as s
aa as aas as The value
s
adada
aof
s I in
aas a
the
s as
aas a
shown
s as
PaPdadon an insulated
Pad A bird sitting
Pa28. PaPdadwire carryingPaPdaad is P Pa PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad
w
current feels quite safe because. I
laiai (a) i the i bird is a non-conductor

i i of electricity
i i i i i i i i i i
adsaasal a saaslaala a saaslaala asaaslaala a saaslaala a saaslaala a saaslaala a saaslaala as
a d
P Pa d (b) resistance
a d
P Pa dof the bird is very
a
P Pa d d large a d
P Pa d a d d
P Pa 2V a d d
P Pa3 Ω a d
P 3PΩa d PaPdad
w
(c) there is a large potential difference between

bird and wire i
laiai laailathere
i aslaalai difference ilai
saaslaabetween
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaal3aΩ
i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d a saa
(d)
s is no
d a spotential
a d a bird
d a d a d a d a as
w
and wire 2 3
1
[Ans. (d) there is no potential difference (a) A (b) A A (c)(d) 1A
9 9 9
laiai i i i i between bird i and
i wire] alaailai i i alailai [Ans.a(d)
alaailai
adsaasal d a saaslaala d a saaslaala d a saaslaala d a sas d a saaslaala dasasa d sas1A] as
a d
Pa Conductivity
P 29. a d
P Pais the reciprocal a
P Pa ofd a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPad PaPad PaPdad
Hint:
(a) resistance (b) specific resistance
laiai (c) a i conductance
i i i i i i i laailai i i i i
adsaasal d a saa
(d) a saaslaala
slalapotentialddifference d a saaslaala d a saaslaala d a saas2V 3 aΩsaasla
a6laΩ a saaslaala as
PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d PaPdad d
PaPa d PaPdad
[Ans. (b) specific resistance]
laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
laiai Kindly
laiai Share Your
laiai to OurlaEmail
laiai laiai laiai
laiai i i ilai
saaslaais
This aailai
saaslSample,
Onlydfor
ilai
saaslaaBook
ai or
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a d
PaAll Leading a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
d
PaPa d d
d d d
a d d
PaPa d d
PaPa d PaPdad
Very Short Answer Questions 2 marks 9. What is meant by conventional current?
i i i i i i i i iai convention, ilai flow of current i i i i
l a a
adsaasal 1. adaDefine
l a a
adsaasal current. d a
l
saasala a
d a
l a
saasala d a saaslaalBy
Ans.
d asaaslaathe d a saaslaala in the dcircuit
a saaslaala as
PP a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
QPa
P d should be
a
P Pa from
d the positive
a
P Pa terminal
d of the
a battery
P Pa d PaPdad
Ans. current is equal to rate of flow of net charge I = to the negative terminal. This current is called the
t conventional current or simply current and is in
laiai 2. Define a ilainstantaneous
i a current.
ilai a ilai a ilthe
i ailai a positive ilai charge would i i
adsaasal Ans.d a
The
a l a
sasinstantaneous d a a l
sa
sacurrent I is d a sasa as the dadsasa a direction
a
defined
l a l
d a saain
slawhich d a saaslaatest d a saaslaala as
PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d PaPa move.PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d PaPdad
limit of the average current, Δt → 0.
m
∆Q dQ 10. Define resistance.
laiai I = lim i i = i i i i Ans. iThe i resistance isi thei ratio of potential i i difference i i
adsaasal a saa∆sltaa− l0a∆t ddt adsaaslaala a saaslaala a saaslaala a saaslaala a saaslaala a saaslaala as
a d
P Pa d a
P Pa a
P Pad d a
P Pad d across the
a
P Pa d given
d conductor a
P Pa d to
d the current a
P Papassing
d d PaPdad
3. Define Ampere. through the conductor.
co
Ans. 1 ampere of current is equivalent to 1 coulomb V
It's unit is ohm (Ω) R =
laiai ofscharge i i
aslaala passingathrough i i
saaslaala a perpendicular
i i
saaslaala cross dad11.
i
saaslaalWhat
a i i
aala
saasleffective
i I sala i i
sala of resistors saaslaala
i i
adsaasal d a a d d a isd the
a resistance
d a a d a as
PaPdad
CURRENT ELECTRICITY
PaPasection in a conductor
d PaPa d in onePsecond.
aPa d PaPa d
PaPa in series? PaPa
connected
d PaPa d
4. Define Mean free time τ. Ans. When several resistors are connected in series,
.
laiai Ans. The average i time between i successive collisions
i is iai total or equivalent i i i i ai i
saaslaalthe resistance
saaslaalais the sum saaof
a i a i a i
adsaasal
l l a l
asal a l
saτ.asal a saaslaala slala
ks
d a saasathe
called mean free
d a satime denoted dby
a d a d a d a d a as
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d the individual
a d
P Pa resistances. a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
5. Why are household appliances connected in Rs = R1 + R2 + .....+Rn
parallel? iIs
laiai iai
saaslaalhold
i i
saaslaala aslaailai in a12. saaslaalofai the directionsaaslaala
i ofi current along i ithe direction
saaslaala saaslaala
i i
adsaasal Ans. House
d a appliances
d a are always d a sconnected
a d flow of
d a
electrons? d a d a as
PaPdad
d
PaPaparallel so that PaPa d
even if one is PaP a
oo
d
switched PaPa
off, the
d PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d
other devices could function properly. Ans. No, Electrons flow from negative potential
to positive potential. But the direction of
laiai 6. What i i
saaslaaislathe function
i i
saaslaaoflaElectricdfuses?
saaslaala
i i iai
saaslaalconventional laailai is from
saascurrent aailai
saaslpositive potential
saaslaala
i i
a
Ans. d
P PaFuses are connected a d
P Pa in series inPaPcircuita a d to protect a
P Pa d to negative
a
P Pa dpotential. a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
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ab
the electric devices from the heat developed by the 13. The resistivity of materials depends upon what
passagei of excessive current.
laiai laalai made of saalow i It is a short
laailamelting ilailength
laamaterial. iparameters?
i i i i i i i
adsaasal of
a sa
aa swire a a s point
a s a
a s a saaslaala a saaslaala a saaslaala a saaslaala as
d d
PaPaIt melts and P d d
aPa the circuitPifaPcurrent
breaks
d
a d exceedsPaPa Ans. The resistivity
d d PaPa of materials
d d PaPais
d d PaPad d PaPdad
a certain value. Lead and copper wire melts and (i) inversely proportional to the number
ur
burnsaout density (n) of the electrons

laiai laila i when theacurrent
laailai
increases above
aslaailai
5A iai ilai ilai i i
adsaasal dand
a saas35 A respectively.
d a sa s d a s a d a saaslaal(ii) d a saaslaaproportional
inversely d a aslaathe
sato averaged a saaslaala
time as
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d P a d
Pa the collisions
between
a d
P Pa (τ). a
P Pa d PaPdad
7. What are free electrons?
14. Define electric energy and state its commercial
.s
Ans. Atoms iin metals have one ilaor more electrons ilaiwhich
laiai l a a i l a i
sasaelectrons dadsaaslaalunits.
l a iai
saaslaala
i i i i
saaslaala saaslaala
i i
adsaasal dare
a a
saloosely
sa l bound d ato a
sasthea nucleus.dThese a a
d a d a d a as
d
PaPaare called freePelectronsaPa d
and can Pabe d
Paeasily detached PaPa Ans. The total d
PaPaelectrical energy d
PaPaused by anyPdevice d
aPa is PaPdad
obtained by multiplying the power and duration
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from the atoms by applying small energy.

ofi the time when
laiai aslaais ilai aslaailai aslaailai aslaailbe
a aiti is ON. Unit
aslaailwatt lof
aailathe
i energy will i i
saasislaala
adsaasal 8. dWhat
a sa conductor?d a sa d a s a d a sa in joules.
d a s(or)
a second.
d a saaElectrical
s energy
d a as
a d
P Pa(i) The substances
Ans.
a d
P Pa which have a d
P Paan abundance a
P Pa d a d
P Pain kilowatt hour
measured PPa a d
(kWh). 1 kWh isPknown
a d
Pa as PaPdad
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of free electrons are called conductors. 1 unit of electrical energy. (1 kWh = 1000
(ii) laThese free electrons move randomly
laiai
adsaasal a
ila
saasathroughout
i
a
i i
aslaalaconductorasaat
sthe aslaalaa given asaaslaalWh
i i i ai = (1000sW)
a aslaail(3600
ai s), 1 kWh
a
i= i3.6 x 106 J).alailai
saaslaala s sa as
d
PaPa d PaPad d a
PaPad d d d
PaPa 15. WhatPdoes d d a
aPa the voltage d d
PaPrating
a aPdaada is PaPdad
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temperature. refers?PWhat
(iii) In general due to this random motion, there it's use?
is no net transfer of charges from one end Ans. Voltage rating refers AC RMS voltages. For a given
laiai aslaaofilathei ilai
aslaato ilai
aslaahence aslaailai aslaailai aslaailai saaslaala
i i
adsaasal d a sa conductor
d a sa other end
d a sand
a no d a sa bulb, if the
d a s
voltage
a drop across
d a sa the bulb is greater
d a as
a
P Pa d current. a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P a d PaPdad
than voltage rating, the bulb will fuse. P
(iv) When a potential difference is applied by
the 16. Is battery a source of electrons?
laiai a ilaibattery across a
the
ilai ends of thealconductor,
a ilai iai Battery isaalasource i i of electrical i i ai i
adsaasal d a
l
sasathe free electrons
a
d a a l
sasadrift towards d a sathesa positive dadAns. saaslaalNo. d a sasala d a saaslaalaenergy,ddue a saato
slala as
PaPa d terminal d
PaPofa the battery,PaP a d
producing PaPa
a net whichPthe d
aPaelectrons inPthe d
aPaconductingPwire d
aPa flow PaPdad
electric current. in a particular direction.
laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
d a d a d a d a as
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
laiai Kindly
laiai Share Your
laiai to OurlaEmail
laiai laiai laiai
laiai i i ilai
saaslaais
This aailai
saaslSample,
Onlydfor
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saaslaaBook
ai or
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saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a d
PaAll Leading a
P Pa d a
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laiai i i
saaslaala
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saaslaala
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saaslaala
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saaslaala
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saaslaala
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saaslaala
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saaslaala
a a a a a as
d
PaPa d d
PaPa d d
PaPa d ➠ XIIPStd
aPa - Physics
d d PaPa- Volume-I
d d d
PaPa d d
PaPa d PaPdad
17. Define the term electric power and give its SI 22. What do you mean by end resistance? How can
laiai aslaailai saaslaala it be d rectified?
adsaasal d a saunit. d a saaslaala d a saaslaala d a a saaslaala d a saaslaala d a saaslaala as
a d
Pa The electrical
PAns. d
P Pa power P isPthe
a a d
Parate at which P Pthe
a d
a Ans. The a d
P bridge
Pa wire is soldered a d
P Pa at the endsPofPthe a d
a copper PaPdad
electrical potential energy is delivered, strips. Due to imperfect contact (P, Q), some resistance
might be introduced at the contact. These are called
laiai laailaP i dU ( V l.aadilQ
ai) = V dQsaslaailai laailai end resistances. laailai This error aailaibe eliminated, i i
adsaasal d a saas =
d=a sa as d a ...(1)
a d a saas d a saa s d a saaslcan
d a saaslaalaif as
PaPa d PdtaPa dt
d PaPdt a d PaPa d d
PaPa set of readings
another
d
PaPa are taken with d
PaPaP and Q PaPdad
dQ
m
Since the electric current I = interchanged and the average value of P is found.
laiai ilai ilai dt iai i i What is meant
23. i byi Heating effect i ofi electric current? i i
adsaasal a aslaathe
saSo equation a aslaacan
sa(1) saaslaalas
be rewritten
a a saaslaala a saaslaala a saaslaala a saaslaala as
a d d
P Pa a
P Pa d d P = VIP Pa a d d a
P Pad d Ans. When a
P Pa d current
d flows athrough
P Pad d a resistor,
a
P Pad some
d of PaPdad
the electrical energy delivered to the resistor is
co
This expression gives the power delivered by the
converted into heat energy and it is dissipated.
battery
ilai to any electrical ilasystem, where a I is
ilathe current ai i This heatingaieffect
laiai l a l a i l i l a saaslala
i of current i i
saaslaalisa knowndas aslaailai
saJoule’s
adsaasal a asa
sapassing through a a
saitsanda V is thedpotential
a a
sasa difference a a
sasa l
heating a a a as
d d
PaPa across it. P aPa
The
d d d
PaPa power is P
SI unit of electrical
d
aPa
watt.
d PaPa effect.
d d PaPad d PaPa d PaPdad
24. What is thermoelectric effect?
.
18. What do you mean by a series combination of Ans. Current produces thermal energy but thermal
laiai aslaailai
sacells? saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i i i
saaslaala energy
ilai
saaslaaalso
ilai
saaslaaused
ilai
saaslaaan
adsaasal
ks
d a d a d a d a d amay be suitably
d a to produce
d a as
a d
Pa Several cells
PAns. a
P Pcan d
a be connected a d
P Pato form a battery. a
P Pa d a
P Pa d
electromotive force. P a d a
Pais known as thermoelectric
This P Pa d PaPdad
In series connection, the negative terminal of one effect.
cell is connected to the positive terminalaailai of thesal25. ai i Discuss ssome
laiai
adsaasal aslaailai cell, the
sasecond aslaailai terminal
sanegative saaslof second cell sala Namedafew aslaailaappliances
i of Joule's
ilai heating effect.
saaslaadevices
ilai
saaslaaon as
d a d a d a d a a a electric heating
d a &d state
a
PaPdad
d
PaPa is connected d
PaPato the positive PaP
oo
a d
terminal of the third
PaPa d PaPa d
what principle do they work.
PaPa d PaPa d
Unit 2
cell and so on. The free positive terminal of the Ans. Electric iron, electric heater, electric toaster are some
laiai first
aslaailacell
i and the free aslaailanegative
i terminal
aslaailaiof the last i i ilai ai i laailai
adsaasal d a sacell become a
the
d saterminals of a
the
d sabattery. d a saaslaala of thedhome a saaslaaappliances thatsautilize
d a a slala the heating d a saaseffect as
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d of current.
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
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ab
19. What do you mean by parallel combination of In these appliances, the heating elements are made of
cells? nichrome, an alloy of nickel and chromium. Nichrome
laiai l a ilai l a ilai l a ilai la ilai has a highaspecific i i
saslaala resistance
ilai can be heated
saaslaaand
i ai
saaslaalto
adsaasal Ans.
d a asaparallel connection
saIn d a a
sasa all thedpositive a a
sasa terminals d a a
sasa d a d a d a as
d
PaPa of the cellsPa d
Pa connected to
are PaP a d
one point and P
aa
allPthe
d PaPhigh
very d
a temperatures d
PaPwithout
a d
PaPaThese are
oxidation. PaPdad
negative terminals to a second point. These two all working on the principle of joule's heating effect.
ur
laiai points
aslaailai form the apositive
laailai and negative aslaailaiterminals aailai Why nickel
26.
aslAns.
is
ilaused
i
aslaaelements
as heating laailaelement?
i ilai
saaslaaan
adsaasal d a saof the battery. d a sa s d a sa d a sa The d a s
heatinga are
d a saamade
s of nichrome,
d a as
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d P aa d
alloyPof nickel and chromium.
a
P Pa d a d
P Pa has a
Nichrome
PaPdad
20. State the sign convention for applying Kirchhoff 's
high specific resistance and can be heated to very
.s
first rule.
laiai i i
aslaalacharges that i i
aslaalaa given junction i i i i high temperatures i i withoutaloxidation. i i i i
adsaasal Ans.
d a saThe d a saenter d a saaslaalain a circuit d a saaslaala d a saaslaala d a sasaala d a saaslaala as
d
PaPa must leavePthat d
aPa junction since d
PaPcharge
a cannotPbuildaPa 27. What
d PaPais the disadvantage
d PaPa of electric
d PaPfuse?
a d PaPdad
up or disappear at a junction. Current entering the Ans. The only disadvantage with the fuses is that once
w
junction
ilai is takenaas ilpositive and current ilai leaving alailai fuse wire is burnt due to excessive current, they need
laiai l a l a a i l a l a ilai l a ilai i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d a saa
the
s junction disadtaken
a sa s as negative.
a d a saas a d a sa s a to be replaced.
d a saa s a Nowdays d ain
saahouse,
s a circuit
d breakers
a as
a d
Pa Explain sign
P21. a a
P Pconvention aPa d
P applying
for
a
P Pa's
Kirchhoff
d a d
P Pa are used instead
(trippers) a d
P Pa of fuses. Whenever a d
P Pa there PaPdad
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second rule. is an excessive current produced due to faulty wire

Ans. Second connection, the circuit breaker switch opens. After
laiai laailai rule follows laafrom
ilai the law ofaconservation
laailai of ala ilai laailafaulty
i laailai we can close ilai
saaslaathe
adsaasal d a saas
energy for an d a sa as
isolated system a
(The
d sa s
energy supplied
d a sa s a repairing
d a saathe
s d a saa
connection,
s d a as
PaPabreaker switch. PaPa d PaPa d PaPdad
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by the emf sources is equal to the sum of the energy circuit

delivered to all resistors). The product of current and 28. What is the use of electric furnace?
laiai aslaailai
saresistance is takensaaslaa asilapositive
i when ilai direction alAns.
saaslaathe
i i
sasaala Furnaces saaareaiai to manufacture
slalused
i i
saaslaala a large number i i
saaslaala
a
P Pa d of the currenta
P Pa is
d followed. Suppose
a
P Pa d if the direction
a
P Pa d of P d
technologically
a
Pa importantd
P Pa materialsPsuch
a a d
Pa as steel, PaPdad
of current is opposite to the direction of the loop, silicon carbide, quartz, gallium arsenide, etc). To
then product of current and voltage across the produce temperatures up to 1500°C, molybdenum-
laiai laailai is negative. ilai
laaThe laailai positivesaslaailai nichrome laailai wound on
saaswire
ilai
saaslaaasilica ai i
slala
tubeaissaaused.
adsaasal d a saresistor
as d a sa as emf is
dconsidered
a saas d a a d a d a d as
d
PaPa when proceeding d
PaPa from thePnegative d
aPa to the positive PaPa d d
PaPa arc furnaces
Carbon d
PaPproduce
a PaPa d
temperatures up PaPdad
terminal of the cell. to 3000 °C.
laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d a da d a d 104
a d a d a d a as
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
laiai Kindly
laiai Share Your
laiai to OurlaEmail
laiai laiai laiai
laiai i i ilai
saaslaais
This aailai
saaslSample,
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ai or
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saaslaala
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P Pa d a
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saaslaala
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saaslaala
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i i
saaslaala
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saaslaala
laiai
adsaasal
UNIT i i
saaslaala MAGNETISM
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala saaslaala AND
i i
saaslaalaMAGNETIC
i i i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala as
3
d a d a d a d a d a d a d a
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
laiai i i
EFFECTS
laiai laiai
OF ELECTRIClaiai laiai
CURRENT laiai laiai
adsaasal d asaaslaala asaasal asaasal asaasal asaasal asaasal asaasal as
PaPa d PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad
m
laiai i i
saaslaala
CHAPTER saaslaala
SNAPSHOT
i i
saaslaala
i i i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala saaslaala
i i i i
saaslaala
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
co
3.1 Introduction To Magnetism 3.8.3 Magnetic field produced along
thelaiaxis i of the current carrying
laiai saa3.1.1
a Earth’s smagnetic field sandaslaalmagnetic
i i aslaalai i i i i i i i i i
adsaasal d a slala d a a d a a
a
d a saaslaala d a saasala coil dadsaaslaala
circular d a saaslaala as
PaPa d elements
PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d PaPa PaPa d PaPdad
3.8.4 Tangent law and Tangent
3.1.2 Basic properties of magnets
.
Galvanometer
laiai 3.2saCoulomb's
lsaailai InverselsaailaSquare
i Law lsaaofilai ai i i i
saaslaala loopdas
ilai
saaaslaamagnetic
i i
saaslaala
adsaasal slala 3.8.5dadCurrent
ks
a a a saa a saa a saa a dipole
a as
a d d
P Pa Magnetism a
P Pad d a
P Pad d a d
P Pa d a
P Pa Magnetic Pdipole a d a d d PaPdad
3.8.6 Pa momentPof Pa
3.2.1 Magnetic field at a point along the revolving electron
laiai l a ilai axial lineaof l a ilathe
i magnetic la ilai (bar a3.9
dipole l a ilai Ampere'salCircuital
sasaala
i i Law saaslaala
i i i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d a a
sasa d a sasa d a a
sasa d a sasa d a d a d a as
PaPdad
PaPa d magnet)
PaPa d PaPa
ood PaPa d d
PaPa DefinitionPaPand
3.9.1 a d d
PaPa of
explanation
3.2.2 Magnetic field at a point along the Ampère’s circuital law
i i equatorial line
ilai due toaalailamagnetic
laiai saaslaala 3.9.2dadMagnetic
i i i i field due i i i i
saaslaalato the current
i
adsaasal a saaslaala dipole a saaslaamagnet)
(bar a sasa a saaslaala a a saaslaala as
a d
P Pa d a
P Pad d a
P Pad d a d
P Pa d a
P Pa carrying wire
a
P Pad d of infinite
a d
P Palength
d PaPdad
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ab
3.3 Torque Acting on A Bar Magnet In using Ampère’s law

Uniform Magnetic 3.9.3 Magnetic field due to a long
laiai laailai laailaField
i laailai laailai laailai carrying laailai i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d a saas d a saas d a saas d a saas d a saa
current
s d a saa solenoid
s d a as
PaPa 3.3.1 Potential
d d
PaPa energy P d
ofaPaa bar magnet PaPina d PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d PaPdad
a uniform magnetic field 3.9.4 Toroid
ur
3.10 Lorentz Force

laiai 3.4 aMagnetic
lsaailai Properties
lsaailai lsaailai ai i i i i i aslaaailai
adsaasal d a sa d a saa
d a saa
d a saaslala 3.10.1 d a saaslaala on a dmoving
Force a saaslaala charge d a sin
a as
P P3.5
a a Classification
d P Pa of Magnetic
a d P PMaterials
a a d a
P Pa d a d
P Pa magnetic P a
Pa
field
d a
P Pa d PaPdad
3.6 Hysteresis 3.10.2 Motion of a charged particle in a
.s
laiai 3.7saMagnetic
lsaailai effects l of
a ilaCurrent
i l a ilai l ailai uniform
saaslaala magnetic
i i
saaslaafield
ilai i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d a a d a a
sasa d a a
sasa d a a
sasa d a d a d a as
d
PaPa 3.7.1 Oersted d
PaPa experiment PaPa d PaPa d 3.10.3 d
PaPa Motion ofPaaPcharged a d particle d
PaPaunder PaPdad
crossed electric and magnetic field
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3.7.2 Magnetic field around a straight (velocity selector) i

laiai lsaailai currentsascarrying
laailai lsaailai and saslaailai
conductor lsaailai saaslaala
i i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d a saa
d a a d a saa
d a a 3.10.4d a saa
Cyclotron d a d a as
a
P Pa d circular
a d
P Pa loop a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P a d a
P Pa d PaPdad
3.10.5 Force on Pa current carrying
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3.7.3 Right hand thumb rule conductor placed in a magnetic

laiai 3.7.4
l a ilai Maxwell’s l a ilai hand cork
right l a ilai rule alailai
screw field i i
saaslaala saaslaala
i i i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d a a
sasa d a a
sasa d a a
sasa d a sasa d a d a d a as
d
PaP3.8
a Biot - Savart d
PaPaLaw PaPa d PaPa d 3.10.6 d
PaPa Force between d
PaPa two longPaPparallel a d PaPdad
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current carrying conductors

3.8.1 Definition and explanation of
laiai 3.11 Torque onlaailaCurrent Loop
adsaasal a s aslaailai
Biot- a s aslaailalaw
Savart i
a s aslaailai a s aslaailai a s asa i a saaslaala
i i
a
i i
saaslaala as
a d d a
P Pa 3.8.2 P a
Pa
d d a a d d a
Pato long straight a d
P Pa d a 3.11.1
a
P Pad d a
Torque on a
a
P Pacurrent
d d loop placed
a d
P Pa d PaPdad
Magnetic field P
due in a magnetic field
conductor carrying current
3.11.2 Moving coil galvanometer
laiai i
laala i laailai laailai laailai laailai saaslaala
i i i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d a saas d a saas d a saas d a saas d a s aas d a d a as
117
laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
laiai Kindly
laiai Share Your
laiai to OurlaEmail
laiai laiai laiai
laiai i i ilai
saaslaais
This aailai
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P Pa d a
P Pa d a d
PaAll Leading a
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saaslaala
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saaslaala
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saaslaala
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saaslaala
a a a a a as
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PaPa d d
PaPa d d
PaPa d ➠ XIIPStd
aPa - Physics
d d PaPa- Volume-I
d d d
PaPa d d
PaPa d PaPdad
laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala CONCEPT
iai
saaslaalMAP
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saaslaala
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saaslaala
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laiai i i
saaslaala
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laiai to OurlaEmail
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MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC EFFECTS OF ELECTRIC CURRENT

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a aslaailai
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a
l
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a
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.
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ks
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a
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adsaasal a s
a aslaailai a s
a asal a s
a asailai a s
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aasa i a s
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times the net current I0 through the area bounded by the curve.
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of magnetic field. This is applied for solenoid to find the direction of ‘B’
ur
laiai End rule i i : When looked from one end, if the currentlathrough the solenoid is alonglailai
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Magnetici i Lorentz : i The force experienced by a icharged particle moving inside a magnetic i i
s alsaailai s alsaala s alsaalai s alsaailai
s alsaalai s alsaailai s alsaailai saaslaala
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Cyclotron : Device used to accelerate charged particles to high energies.

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laiai Fleming’s i i
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i i
saasl:aalaThe forefinger,
i i
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ilai
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ai of stheaslaailleft
ai hand are i i
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i
la a i i i i current,
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a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
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P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
laiai Kindly
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laiai to OurlaEmail
laiai laiai laiai
laiai i i ilai
saaslaais
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Amperei i : It is defined as that constant current which when flowing through two
laiai saaslaala lsaailai lsaailai lsaailai lsaailai lsaailai i i
saaslaala
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laiai i
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i i i
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i i
saaslaala used for aslaailai aslaailai i i
saaslaalaIt works aailai
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a aon as
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d d : PaPa PaPad d PaPad d PaPad d PaPad d PaPdad
galvanometer principle that a current carrying coil placed in a magnetic field experiences
m
a torque. ai i
laiai aslaailai aslaailai i i
saaslaala produced
saaslalaas the deflection aailai
saaslwhen
i i
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i i
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Current
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sensitivity
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d a d a d a unit dcurrent
a a as
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
a galvanometer the galvanometer. A galvanometer is said to be sensitive if it produces
co
large deflection for a small current.
laiai l ailai l a ilai i i
saaslaalaas the deflection
i i
saaslaala per unit ai i
slala applied.
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d
a
sasa sensitivity
Voltage
a d a asa : It isddefined
saof a d a d a saa
voltage d a d a as
a galvanometer Shunt is a low resistance connected in parallel with the galvanometer.
.
laiai Ideal ammeter has zero resistance.
adsaasal aslaailai aslaailai aslaailai aslaailai ilai
saaslaato
i i
saaslaala saaslaala
i i
ks
d a sa d a sa Ideal d s
voltmeter
a a offers
d a sainfinite resistance
d a current.
d a da as
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
Ampere’s hypothesis : It states that all magnetic phenomena is due to circulating electric current.
laiai i i
saaslaala moment ai i i i
saaslaalaas the product
slala: It isddefined
i i
saaslaalaof the current
i ai
saaslaaland aailai
saaslarea.
i i
saaslaala
adsaasal Magnetic
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d
oo PaPa d
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to the
d
plane of the P
Pa a d
loop.
PaPa d
laiai Magneticlamoment of electron. It is the vector sum of the orbital magnetic

aslaailai aslaailai moment ilai aslaailai moment. aslaailai aslaailai i i
Unit 3
adsaasal d a sa d a sa d a saasand
a its spin
d a s
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a
P Pa d a
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P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
www.Padasalai.Net
ab
Bohr magneton : Minimum value of magnetic moment.

laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
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i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
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i i
saaslaala
i i
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(1)laia i i i i i i i i i i i i
adsaasal as asal i a saasaala→ µ dadsIa→dasll×aalra asaaslaalaµ a saaslaala a saaslaala a saaslaala as
a d
P Pa d a a d d a
P Pa form dB =P Pa 2 ; InP air, a d d
Pa dB = o P Pa2 I. dl
a d sin
d θ a d
P Pa d a d
P Pa d PaPdad
In vector o
4π r 4π r
.s
laiai (2) i Magnetic

saaslaala
i aslaailai
sinduction dueasto aailai
aslinfinitely long i
alai
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saaslaala carrying laailai B = µsoaIsl.aailIn
saacurrent ai
adsaasal d a d a a d a da d a da s da2 a
πa as
PaPa d PaPa d
µI PaPa→
d µ I PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d PaPdad
medium, B = (or) B = 0  n (in vector form)
w
2πa 2πa
µ 0 IR 2
laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala aslaailaxis
ai i i
saaslaala coil carrying
i i i i
saaslaalacurrent dBads=aaslaala × lkaiai
adsaasal d a(3) Magnetic
d ainduction along
d asathe of adcircular
a d a d a 3saasalat as
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
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P Pa ( 2π R 2 +PzP2 ) 2
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µ I
the centre B = 0
laiai i i i 2iR i i i i i i i i i i
adsaasal a saaslaala
(4) Tangent saaslaala
galvanometer
a saaslaala factor
reduction
a asaaslaa2klaBH a saaslaala a saaslaala asaaslaala as
d
PaPa d d
PaPa d d
PaPa d PaPa k = µ Ν PaPa
d d d d d
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PaPa d PaPdad
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laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala n turns aslaailai i i
saaslaala sa2aRBai i
slalah = K tanq
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d a(5) CurrentdIathrough d a sof
a Tangent Galvanometer
d a Id=a d a da as
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a d
P Pa µ 0 N a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad

(6) (a) Ampere’s circuital law ∫ B . dl = µ 0 II0 enclosed.
laiai laailai laailai
lailai i i i i i i ai i
adsaasal asaas asaas a s
a as a a saaslaala a saaslaala a saaslaala → sa
a aµsl0aIla
 as
d
PaPa d (b) Magnetic
d
PaPa d field due
PaPto
da infinitely P
d long
aPa current carrying
d d PaPa wire using
d d PaPampere’s
da d lawPa
Pa=
B d d n PaPdad
2πr
laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
a d a d a d a as
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
laiai Kindly
laiai Share Your
laiai to OurlaEmail
laiai laiai laiai
laiai i i ilai
saaslaais
This aailai
saaslSample,
Onlydfor
ilai
saaslaaBook
ai or
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saaslaala
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saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
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saaslaala
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a a a a a as
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aPa - Physics
d d PaPa- Volume-I
d d d
PaPa d d
PaPa d PaPdad
laiai
adsaasal d a
i i
saaslaala d a
i i
saaslaala d a
i i
saaslaala Evaluation
alailai
dadsasa
alailai
dadsasa d a
i i
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i i
saaslaala as
a
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P Pa a
P a d a
P a d PaPdad
I. Multiple choice questions 3. A particle having Pmass m and Pcharge q
accelerated through a potential difference
laiai 1. asThelsaailamagnetic
i a
field
l ilaiat the center
l ailaO
i of the l a ilai V. Find the ilai experienced
saaslaaforce
i i laailai
saaslaala when d→itadsisaaskept
adsaasal d
a
a d a a
sasa d a a
sasa da a
sasa d a d a as
d
PaPa followingPcurrent
aPa d loop isP aPa d PaPa d
[PTA-2]
d
PaPaperpendicular
under
d
PaPmagnetic
a PaPBa .
field PaPdad
m
I [Mar-2020; Aug-2021]
laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala ai i
slala
i i
saaslaala q3B2 V
i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d a d a d a d a d2aqsa3aBV d a d a as
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
(a)P Pa d a d
P Pa (b) a
P Pa d PaPdad
r m 2m
co
I I
laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaalaO
i i
saaslaala laailai (c) 2qs3aB laa2 V
ilai laailai 2q3BV saslaailai
adsaasal d a d a d a s
aa as aa s s
aa a
(d)
s aa as
PaPa d a
µ I P Pa
d d
PaPa µ I PaPdad PaPdad m PaPdad Pa3Pdad
m PaPdad
(a) 0 ⊗ (b) 0
4r 4r 2q3B2V
.
laiai a i i i i i i i i i i [Ans.
i i (c) aslaaila]i
adsaasal
l
saasal a saaslaala saaslaala saaslaala saaslaala saaslaala
ks
a a a a a a a sam as
a d d
P Pa (c) 0 ⊗ µ I a d
Pa
P d ad dµ
Pa 0
P(d) I a d
P Pa d a d
P Pa d a d
P Pa d a
P Pad d PaPdad
2r 2r
iai μ0I
Hint: Horentz force F = q = → →
V×B ( )
laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala saaslaal(a)
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
adsaasal a a [
a Ans. ⊗ ]
a a a a as
d d d PaPa 4. A PaP
d circular
d coilPaPofa radius 5PaPcm
d a and
d PaPdad
PaPa d PaPa d PaPa
oo
d
4r
d a d d d
50 turns carries a current of 3 ampere. The
µI 2r magnetic dipole moment ofi the coil is nearly
laiai Hint: lsaailBai= 0 ; Here lsaaiR ai= lsaailai lsaailai lsaailai ai i i
Unit 3
adsaasal d a saa
2 πR d a saa l
π d a saa
d a saa
d a saa
d a saaslaal[PTA-3; FRT,
d a saaslaala
July-'22] as
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P a d a
P P2a d PaPdad
A m2 P
www.Padasalai.Net
(a) 1.0 (b) 1.2 A m
ab
2. An electron moves in a straight line inside a (c) 0.5 A m2 (d) 0.8 A m2

laiai charged
a ilai parallelalaplate ilai capacitor aof
ilai uniform alailai a ilai ilai i ai
adsaasal d a a
sasa l
d a sasa d a a
sasa l
d a sasa d a a
sasa l
d a saslaa[Ans.
a (b) d1.2
a aslaa
saA ml 2] as
PaPa charge density
d PaPa σ. The timePtaken
d aPa by the electron
d PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d PaPdad
to cross the parallel plate capacitor undeflected Hint: Dipole moment P = IA
ur
when the plates of the capacitor areikept under

laiai aslaailai aslaailai aslaalai → aailai A thin sinsulated
saasl5. aslaailai aslaailai a plane
wireasforms ai i
saaspiral
slala
adsaasal d a sa
constant a s
magnetic
d a field of a sa
induction
d B is d a d a a d a d a as
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a d
ofPNPa= 100 tightP P a d
turns
a carrying a d
P Paa current PaPdad
I = 8 m A (milli ampere). The radii of inside and
.s
laiai laailai laailai laailai laailai outside sturns laailaare

i a = 50 mm laailaand
i b = 100almm ai i
sala
adsaasal d a saas d a saas d a saas d a saas d a aa
respectively.s The magnetic
d a saa
induction
s at the
da sacentre as
PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d E PaPa d d
PaPaspiral is
of the
w
B e– v (a) 5 μT (b) 7 μT
laiai lsaailai lsaailai lsaailai lsaailai (c) 8 μT lsaailai ai i
slala10 μT dadsaaslala
ai i
adsaasal d a saa
d a saa
d a saa
d a saa
d a saa
d a saa(d) as
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d
PP
a a d a
P Pa d a
P Pa(b) 7 μT]
[Ans. PaPdad
w
l
6. Three wires of equal lengths are bent in the form
laiai aslaailai elB asaaslaailai i i
saasllBaala laailai laailai laailai i i
saaslaaislaa
adsaasal d a sa(a) ε 0 PaP

dad (b)d aε d asaas of loops.
d a s
aaOne
s of the loops
d a s
a ais
s circle, another
d a as
PaPa d d
PaPa 0 σl PaPa d PaPa d d
Pathird
Pa one is a square. d
PaPa They PaPdad
w
σ semi-circle and the

are placed in a uniform magnetic field and same
lB ilai
laiai
adsaasal a s aslaailaεi0 lB
(c) a
i i
saaslaala (d) aεs0aasla
a a
i i
saaslaala electric currenti i
saslaala is passed throughi i
saslaala them.dWhich
iai
saaslaalof as
a d
P Pa d a eσ a d
P Pa d PaPdad σ a d
P Pa d aPdaada loop P
thePfollowing aPdaada
configuration will a a
experience
P Pa d PaPdad
lB greater torque? [PTA-1, 3]
[Ans. (d) ε0 ] (a) Circle (b) Semi-circle
laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala l ailai σ i i
saaslaala alailai ai i
slalaAll of them
i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d a d a da a
sasa d a daadsasa
(c)PaSquare d a saa(d) d a as
a d
PaPHint: aa
F = BIlP P
d PaPa d PaPa d P PaPa d PaPa d PaPdad
[Ans. (a) Circle]
laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
a d a d a d a as
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
laiai Kindly
laiai Share Your
laiai to OurlaEmail
laiai laiai laiai
laiai i i ilai
saaslaais
This aailai
saaslSample,
Onlydfor
ilai
saaslaaBook
ai or
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a d
PaAll Leading a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
d
PaPa d d
d d d
a d d
PaPa d d
PaPa d PaPdad
7. Two identical coils, each with N turns and 9. A bar magnet of length l and magnetic moment
laiai radius iai are placedacoaxially
saaslaalR
i i
saslaala at a distancei i i i
saaslaala R as dadsaaslaalpam is bent asla i
alai form of
ilai
aslaaarc ai i
slala
adsaasal d a d a d a d asin
a the d a san
a as shown
d a saain as
P Pashown in thePfigure.
a d aPa If I is the
d P Pcurrent
a a d passing
a
P Pa a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
through the loops in the same direction, then figure. The new magnetic dipole moment will
the magnetic field at ai point P at a distance of be (NEET 2013) i
laiai laailai laalai laailai laailai laailai laailai saaslaala
i
adsaasal d R
a saas d a saas d a saas da s
aas d a saas d a s a
a s d a as
d
PaPa from thePcentre d
aPa of each coil PaPaisd PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d PaPdad
2
m MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC EFFECTS OF ELECTRIC CURRENT

laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaalaR
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaalar
i i
saarslaala
i i
saaslaala
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P60°Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
co
R
laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaalPa
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d
3
PaPa d PaPdad
(a) pm (b) pm
.
π
laiai i i
saas8laaNlaµ 0 I
i i i i
saaslaala (b) 8dNadµsa0aIslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
adsaasal
ks
d(a)
a d a d a d a d a da as
a
P Pa d 5R P Pa a d a 3
P P5a2 R a
P Pa d 2 a a d
(c) PpPm P P (d) pm
a ad 1 a
P Pa d PaPdad
π 2
8 Nµ I 4 Nµ 0 I
laiai (c) laiai0 laiai (d) ai i i i i i ilai
adsaasal a a l
sasa5R a a
sasa l 5sRaaslala
a a saaslaala a saaslaala a saas[laaAns. 3 asaaslaailai as
d d d d d d PaPπdadpm ]
(b) PaPdad
Pa aPd Pa ad PPa a d P
oo 8Nμ0P
IP
aa d PaPa d PaPa d
[Ans. (b) 3
]
laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
2
aslaail5ai R asaaslaailai Magnetic laailai M = ml
asmoment aailal i = πr salaailai
aslÞ
adsaasal a a a s
a a sa a s
a a as as
a d
P Pa d a d
P Pa d PaPdad PaPdad Hint: PaPdad PaPdad P3aPdad PaPdad
www.Padasalai.Net
3l
ab
µ 0 I2
Hint: B = \r = New moment M¢ = m × r
2i πr π
laiai i
saaslaala
i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
d
8.PaPaA wire of length d
PaPa l carryingPaaPcurrenta d I along
PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d PaPdad
the Y direction is kept in a magnetic field 10. A non-conducting charged ring carrying a
ur
ilai B = β i a+lajila+i 
→
laiai
adsaasal d
given
a saaslaaby
3
d a( )
sasa k T . dThe a
ai i
saamagnitude
slala d a
icharge
saaslaala
i of q,amass
d a
i i m and radius
saslaala d a
i i r is rotated
saaslaala d a
i i
saaslaala as
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
aboutPits d
Paaxis with constanta d
P Pa angularPspeed a d
Pa ω. PaPdad
of Lorentz force acting on the wire is Find the ratio of its magnetic moment with
.s
[Govt. MQP-2019; May-2022]

laiai i i i i i i iangular
i momentum i i is i i [QY-2019] i i
adsaasal a saaslaala a saaslaala 1
a saaslaala a saaslaala a saaslaala a saaslaala a saaslaala as
PaPa(a) 2 βIl
d d d
PaPa d d d
(b)PaPa βIl
d
PaPa d PaPad d d
3 q 2q
3 (a) (b)
w
m m
laiai lsaailai lsaailai 1 sasla ilai lsaailai lsaailai lsaailai i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d(c)
a saa 2βIl d a saa
(d) d aβIl
a a d a saa
d a saa
d a saa
d a as
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa2d a
P Pa d a
q Pa
P d a
P Pa d q a
P Pa d PaPdad
(c) (d)
w
2 2m 4m
[ Ans. (a) i i βIl ]
laiai saaslaala[Ans. (c)dadsqaasl]aala
adsaasal d a saaslaala d a saaslaala d a saaslaala3 d asaaslaala d a saaslaala d a as
aa d aa d aa d aa d aa d aa d aa P P 2m PaPdad
w
PP PP PP PP PP PP
Lorentz force F = q = V×B and( → →
)
laiai a i i
slala B saaslaala
i i i i
saaslaala aslaailai M easaaslaailai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
adsaasal Hint:asaa→
d d a d a d a saHint: a a as
a d a d
P Pa B=  (Pi +Paj + k )τ  a
P Pa d a
P Pa d P=adad a d
P Pa d a d
P Pa d PaPdad
 3  l Pzm
laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
d a d a d a d a as
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
laiai Kindly
laiai Share Your
laiai to OurlaEmail
laiai laiai laiai
laiai i i ilai
saaslaais
This aailai
saaslSample,
Onlydfor
ilai
saaslaaBook
ai or
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a d
PaAll Leading a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
a a a a a as
d
PaPa d d
PaPa d d
PaPa d ➠ XIIPStd
aPa - Physics
d d PaPa- Volume-I
d d d
PaPa d d
PaPa d PaPdad
11. The BH curve for a ferromagnetic material 14. A flat dielectric disc of radius R carries an
laiai is
aslaashown
ilai in the afigure.
ai i The material ai iis placedsalaailai excess charge i i aslaailai The asurface i i
adsaasal sainside a long slala which
ssolenoid slala
saacontains s saaslaala on its sasurface. saaslaala as
P1000
d a d a a d a aPdaada d a d a d
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
charge d
P Pa density isPσ. a d
PaThe disc rotates a d
P Pa about PaPdad
turns/cm. The current that should be passed in
the solenonid to demagnetize the ferromagnet an axis perpendicular to its plane passing
laiai completely is ala through the i centre with langular velocitylailω.
adsaasal asasalaailai asas
i
alai alaailaia sas alaailai a sas a saaslaala
i
a saasaala
i i
a saasa a
i
as
PaPdad PaPdad B in tesla PaPad d d
PaPa d Find
PaPthe
a magnitude
d d PaPofathe torque on
d d PaPthe
a disc if
d d PaPdad
it is placed in a uniform magnetic field whose
m
4.0
3.0 strength is Bi which is directed perpendicular

laiai i i
saaslaala aslaailai aslaailai aslaailai to the axis aalai
aslof aslaailai i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d a a s
a a sa a sa a sa rotation a sa a as
a d PaPdad a d d a d d a d d a d d a d d PaPdad
2.0
P Pa P Pa P Pa P Pa P Pa P Pa
1 1
co
1.0 H in ampere
(a) σωπBR (b) σωπBR 2
per metre
4 2
laiai i i
saaslaala -500 -400 d-300
ilai
aslaa-100 laail400
ai 500 laailai laailai laaila1i i i
s4aaslaala
adsaasal d a a sa-200 100 200sa
d a a
300
s d a saas 1da s aas 3
(c)PaPaσωπBR PaPa (d) σωπBR
d a sa as d a as
PaPa d PaPa d –1.0
PaPa d PaPa d d d
4
PaPa d PaPdad
–2.0
4
1
.
[Ans. σωπBR 4
laiai i i aslaailai i i i i
saaslaala
i i alaail(d)
ai alaila]i
–3.0
adsaasal saaslaala saaslaala saaslaala
ks
d a d a s
a d a d a d a asas 4 adaadsasa as
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d –4.0 a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad PP PaPdad
15. The potential energy of magnetic dipole whose
∧ ∧
p = (−0.5 i + 0.4 j ) 2
laiai (a) i 1.00
saaslaala
i m A i i
saaslaala
(b) 1.25lamA
ilai laailai dipole moment laailai is m saslaailai ∧ Amsaskept laailai
adsaasal d a da d asaas a d a s
a as d a s
a as d a a d a a as
PaPdad
PaPa (c) 1.50 mA
d PaPa d P(d)
oo
aPa1.75 mA PaPa
d d d
inPuniform
aPa magnetic d
PaPfield
a B = 0.2Pi aP T.a d
[Ans. (c) 1.50 mA] (a) –0.1 J (b) –0.8 J
laiai i i i i i i i i i i ai i ai i
Unit 3
adsaasal d a saaslaala nI dadsaaslaala

Hint: d a saaslaala d a saaslaala (c) 0.1
da saaslaala
J d a slala0.8 J dadsaaslala
saa(d) as
a
P Pa d a
H = 2Pr P
a a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P a
P
d a
P Pa d a
P Pa(c) 0.1 J] PaPdad
www.Padasalai.Net
[Ans.
ab
12. Twoi short bar magnets ilai have magnetic ilaimoments alaHint:
® ®
laiai a i a a ilai U = P a. ilBai i i i i
adsaasal d a a l
sa1.20 l a
sa Am and 2
d a a
1.00
l 2
sasaAm , respectively.d a a l
sasa They are d a sasa d a a
sasal
m
d a saaslaala d a saaslaala as
d
PaPa kept on aPhorizontal aPa d aPa d
tablePparallel
aPa
to eachPother
d PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d PaPdad
with their north poles pointing towards south. II. Short Answer Questions :
ur
laiai They i ihave a common i imagnetic equator i i and are alailai aslaailai field? i i i i
adsaasal a saaslaala a saaslaala a saaslaala a sas1. a Whatdisasmagnetic
a a saaslaala a saaslaala as
a d
P Pa d separated by
a
P Pad addistance of 20.0
a
P Pad dcm. The value
a d
P Pa of
d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d d a
P Pad d PaPdad
the resultant horizontal magnetic induction at Ans. The region surrounding magnet where magnetic
.s
the mid-point O of the line joining their centres pole of strength unity experience a force is
laiai l a ilai l a ilai l a ilai l a ilai
sasa known as laailai
saasmagnetic field.
i i
saaItslaaislaa vectordaquantity
i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d a saissa(Horizontal
a
d a components
a
sasa of
d Earth’s
a sasa magnetic
a
d a a
d a d a as
d
PaPa inductionPis d
aPa3.6 × 10–5 Wb d
PaPma–2) PaPa d PaPa d → Pa Pa d PaPa d PaPdad
and denoted by B . Its unit is NA–1 m–1.
w
(NSEP 2000-2001)
laiai (a)l a i 3.60
a i × 10 –5 Wb
l a ima –2
i i i
saaslaala aailai Define magnetic
saasl2.
i i
saaslaala flux.dadsaaslaala
i i i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d a saasal d a saasal d a d a d a d a as
a d
P Pa (b) 3.5 ×P10PaWb m a –5 d –2 a
P Pa d a d
P Pa Ans. The a a d
P Pnumber a
P Pa
of magnetic a d
P Pacrossing
field lines PaPdad
w
(c) 2.56 × 10 Wb m –4 –2
normally through a given area is called magnetic
(d) 2.2 × 10 –4 Wb m –2i flux ΦB. ala
laiai saaslaala
i i i
saaslaala
i
saaslaal–4a i i
saaslaala
i i i
sasala→ → dadsaaslaala
i i i i
saaslaala
adsaasal a a a a
–2 a a as
d
PaPa d PaPa [Ans. (c)P2.56
d d aPa × 10 WbPm
d d aPa]
d d d d
PaPa Φ = B . AP=aPBA a d
PaPa d PaPdad
w
B cos θ = Β⊥Α
13. The vertical component of Earth’s magnetic field → →
laiai at l a
a i place
a i is equal to
l a i athe
i horizontal l acomponent.
i a i l a i a i where θ is the
l a i aangle
i between l a i B
a i and A . lailai
adsaasal a saasal a saasal a saasal a saasal a saasal a saasal asaasa as
PaPdad What is the PaPdvalue
ad of angle PaPofdadip
d at this place? PaPdad 3. Define PaPdadmagnetic dipole PaPdadmoment. PaPdad PaPdad
[HY-2019]
(a) i 30° (b) 45°i i (c) 60° i i (d) 90° Ans. The magnetic dipole moment is defined as the
laiai l a a i l a a l a a i i
sasaala product
l aailapole
aslits i laailaimagnetic slength.
aslaailai
adsaasal d a a
sasa l
d a a
sasa l
d a a
sas[Ans. l
a (b) 45°] d a a
d a sof
a strength
d a saasand d a a as
PaPa PaP
a d PaPa d PaPdad
Hint: B sinq = B cosq P m = qm d

laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
a d a d a d a as
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
laiai Kindly
laiai Share Your
laiai to OurlaEmail
laiai laiai laiai
laiai i i ilai
saaslaais
This aailai
saaslSample,
Onlydfor
ilai
saaslaaBook
ai or
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a d
PaAll Leading a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
d
PaPa d d
d d d
a d d
PaPa d d
PaPa d PaPdad
4. State Coulomb’s inverse law. 9. Compare dia, para and ferro-magnetism.
laiai Ans. The laailai of attraction
saasforce
ilairepulsion between
saaslaaor
i i i i
saaslaala two dadsaaslaala
i i
saaslaala
ilai
saasl;aaSep-2020;
[PTA-5 i i
saaslaala
QY-2019]
a d a a d
P Pamagnetic polesPisPdirectly proportional
a d
P Pa to the productP Pa Ans.
a a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
of their pole strengths and inversely proportional Para Ferro
to the square of the distance between them. Dia magnetic i magnetic i magnetic
laiai i
la a i a i i ai
slalawrite dadsaaslala
i i i
alala materialsalala i alala i alailai
adsaasal adsaasal
dMathematically, adsaacan
dwe dadsasa dadsasa materials
dadsasa materials
dadsasa as
PaPa PaPa→ PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPdad
qmA qmB  1. Magnetic Magnetic Magnetic
m
Fα r susceptibility susceptibility susceptibility
ri2

i i i i i i i i i iaipositive and ilaipositive andalailai
l a a
adsaasal 5. adaWhat
l a a
adsaasaisl magnetic a a
la
asal a
ssusceptibility? asaaslaala a saaslaalais negative a saaslaalis a saaslaais asasa as
PP a d
P Pa d a d
P Pa d a
P Pad d a
P Pad d small a
P Pad d large PaPdad PaPdad
Ans. Magnetic susceptibility is defined as the ratio of 2. Relativbe Relative Relative
co
→
permeability permeability permeability is
laiai the intensityi i of magnetisation i i ( M ) induced i i in the i i iaigreater than ilai i i
adsaasal d asaaslaala d a saaslaala d a saaslaala
→
d a saaslaalais slightly d a
less
saaslaalis d a saaslaalarge d a saaslaala as
d
PaPamaterial to the d
PaPmagnetising
a PaPa( H )
field d PaPa d than Punity
aPa d unityPaPa d PaPa d PaPdad
→ 3. The magnetic The magnetic The magnetic
.
M field lines are field lines are field line
laiai lsaailai χlsaa=ilai lsaailai lsaailarepelled
i orsasla iai
alattracted
ilai strongly alailai
saaslaaare
into
adsaasal
ks
a a a a
a
P Pad a
d sa a
P Pa d adsa m →
P adaads a
P a d
a a
d sa expelled
P a daa
by
d a d
paramagnetic
P a aad attracted
P a daadsasa as
PaPdad
H P P P P P
diamagnetic materials into the
materials when placed ferromagnetic
6. State aBiot-Savart’s law.
laiai lailai aslaailai i i i i
saaBslaaatlaa point dadsaaslaalawhen placed iai a magneticalamaterials
saaslaalin
ilai when i i
saaslaala
adsaasal Ans. dThe
a saasmagnitude of
d a smagnetic
a fieldd ad in a a
magnetic
d field d a sasaplaced in daa as
PaPdad
PaPa d PaPa d PaPa
ood PaPa
field
PaPa d PaPa d PaPa
magnetic field
d
P at a distance r from the small elemental length
taken on a conductor carrying current varies 4. i Susceptibility Susceptibility Susceptibility
laiai l aailai l aailai l aailai l aalaisi nearly salaailis i
s a inversely saaslaais
ilaiinversely alailai
adsaasal d(i)
a saas directly asdthe a saastrength
s of the
d a saa
current
s I d a saas d a a d a s sa
aPdaadato as
a d
P Pa(ii) directlyPasPthe a a d P a
P a d P a
P a d temprature
P aP a d preportional
P aP a d proportional
P PaPdad
www.Padasalai.Net
magnitude of the length element
ab
independent to temperature temperature.

dl . Ex : Bismuth, Ex : Ex : Iron,
laiai (iii)
ilai
laadirectly as the laailaiof the angle
sine lθaailbetween
ai laailaCopper
i and laailAluminium,
ai ilai
laaNickel andasasla i
alai
adsaasal d a saas d a saas d a saa s d a s aas d a saas d a saa s d a as
PaPa d dl andPraP. a
d PaPa d PaPa d Water PaPa d Platinum d
PaPaand CobaltPaPa d PaPdad
Chromium
(iv) inversely as the square of the distance r
ur
10.laiWhat is meantlaby hysteresis? laiai [HY-2019]ai i

laiai
adsaasal a s aslaabetween
ilai
the point
a s aslaailaPi and length a s aslelement
aailai
a s asalai a s asailai a s asal a saaslala as
a
P Pad d a dl . P Pa a d d a
P aa d d a a d
P Pa d a
Ans. The phenomenon
a
P Pad d a of lagging
a
P Pad of
d a magnetic induction
a
P Pa d d PaPdad
Idl P behind the magnetising field is called hysteresis.
This is expressed as dBα 2 sin θ .
.s
Hysteresis means ‘lagging behind’.

laiai a ilai a ilair a ilai a ilai i i laailaiinclination. i i
adsaasal d a a
sasa l
d a a
sasa l
d a a
sasa l
d a a l
sasa Define magnetic
11. d a saaslaaladeclinationd a saasand d a saaslaala as
d
7.PaPaWhat is magnetic d
PaPa permeability? PaPa d d
PaPa Ans. Magnetic d
PaPa declinationP:aPa d PaPa d PaPdad
w
Ans. The magnetic permeability can be defined as the The angle between magnetic meridian at a point
laiai measure i of
i ability of the material
i i to allow thei passage
i i ai geographical i i ilai magnetic i i
adsaasal dofa a
l
asal a
smagnetic a
field d a
lines
l aal
saasthrougha
it or
d a saasal of the dadsaasaland
measure
l a a l a
d a saaslaala meridian d a saaisslaacalled d a saaslaala as
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa declination
a d
P Pa (D). a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
w
capacity of the substance to take magnetisation or Magnetic Inclination:

the degree of penetration of magnetic field through The angle subtended by the Earth’s total magneticai i
laiai laailai laailai laailai laailai ® laailai laailai al la
adsaasal the
aas asubstance.
s aas as aas a s s a
a a field B with
s s a
aPdaadthe
a horizontaladdirection
s s
ada a s daadsasa
in the magnetic as
PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad a a PaPdad
w
P P
meridian is called dip orPmagnetic inclination P P (I)
8. State Ampere’s circuital law.
[PTA-4, 6; QY-2019; Sep-2020; Aug-2021] at that point.
laiai i i
saaslaala law: dThe ai i
slalaintegral of
i i
saaslaala field dad12.
iai
saaslaalWhat
i i
saaslaala condition laaila i i i
saaslaala
adsaasal Ans. dAmpère’s
a a saaline d amagnetic is d
resonance
a d a saasin cyclotron?
da as
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a a
P Pa Ans. The important
over a closed loop is μ0 times net current enclosed
d
P Pa condition a d a
P Pinacyclotron operation d
P Pa is PaPdad
by the loop. that when the frequency f at which the positive ion
laiai i i aslaailai i i icirculates
i in athe imagnetic
i field must
i i be equalato i i
adsaasal asaaslaala →s→
a a a saaslaala a saaslaala a saslaala a saaslaala a saslaala as
d
PaPa d aB .dl = µ 0 Ienclosed
Pa∫
P
d d PaPad d d
PaPa d the constant
PaPa frequencyPof
d d aPathe electricalPoscillator
d d d
aPa d PaPdad
C fosc. This is called resonance condition.
laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
d a d a d a d a as
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
laiai Kindly
laiai Share Your
laiai to OurlaEmail
laiai laiai laiai
laiai i i ilai
saaslaais
This aailai
saaslSample,
Onlydfor
ilai
saaslaaBook
ai or
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a d
PaAll Leading a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
a a a a a as
d
PaPa d d
PaPa d d
PaPa d ➠ XIIPStd
aPa - Physics
d d PaPa- Volume-I
d d d
PaPa d d
PaPa d PaPdad
laiai aslaailai
additional
aslaailai
questions
aslaailai aslaailai
and answers
aslaailai i i i i
adsaasal d a s
a d a s
a d a s
a d a s
a d asa d a saaslaala d a saaslaala as
a d a d
P PCahoose the PCPorrect
a a
P Pa
Answer
d
1P
a
Pa d
mark 5.
a d
P Pa one of the P
Which
a
Pa d
following
a d
P Pa correct
represents PaPdad
magnetic field lines?
1. Which of the following graphs shows the
laiai i
aslaala i i
aslaala i i i
saaslaala B with
i
saaslaala
i i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d asavariation of
d a smagnetic
a induction
d a da d a d a d a as
d
PaPa distance P d
‘r’aPfrom
a a long wire d
PaPacarrying current?
(a) (b)
m
B B
laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
adsaasal a (a) a aPdaada a a a a as
a d
P Pa d a d
P Pa d P(b) a d
P Pa d a
P a d d a d
P Pa d a d
P Pa d PaPdad
(c) P (d)
co
r i
laiai i i
saaslaala laalai i i
saaslaala
r i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d a B
d a s
a as d a d a da d a d a as
B
(c) (d) [Ans. (d)
.
laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saraslaala
i i
saaslaala aailai
saasl6. ai i
slala metal aslaailai i i
saaslaala
adsaasal
ks
d a d a d a d a The a
most
d saasuitable d a sfor
a permanentdamagnet as
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa
r d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
B
is
[Ans. (c) i ] (a) copper (b)i aluminium
laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala saslaala
i laailai laailai a i ai i
slalairon dadsaaslala
adsaasal d a da aa a saas (c) a s
a a
steel s a s
a a
(d) as
PaPdad d d d PaPdad
PaPa d PaPa d
oo PaPra d

PaPa d PaPa d PaPa
[Ans. (c) steel]
1
Hint: i Bi a In M.C.G, I a q but in T.G
laiai aslaailai aslaailai ilai aslaailai i i i i
Unit 3
l a a r aslaaHint: saaslaala saaslaala

adsaasal d a saasal
d a sa d a sa d a sa d a sa d a d a as
P2.
a d
Pa Four wires a d
P Peach
a of length P P2m
a d
a are bentP into aPa d d
P PIaa tanq
a a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
www.Padasalai.Net
ab
four loops P, Q, R and S and then suspended

into ilauniform magnetic ilai field. Same ilacurrent is l7. ilai An electron ilof mass 0.90 × i10–30kg under the
laiai l a i l a l a i a l a a i ai
saaslaalmoves ai i
slala
adsaasal d a asa in each
sapassed d a asa On which
sloop.
a d a asa the couple
sloop
a d a a
sasa actiondadof a
sasaa magneticdafield indadasaacircle as
PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d PaPa radius at P
of 2cm
aPa d
a speed
Pa6 am/s. If a
of 3 × 10P
PaPdad
will be the highest?
ur
proton of mass 1.8 × 10–27 kg was to move in a

laiai l a i a i
sQ l a i ai l a
saasSal
i a i l a i a i
saasal circledof aslaaisame
sathe lai radius ailai same magnetic
slathe
saain
i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d a saasal P d a aasal R d a d a a d a d a as
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a d
a its speed
P Pthen
field, PPa d
a be
will
a
P Pa d PaPdad
(a) 3.0 × 106 m/s (b) 1.5 × 103 m/s
.s
(a) P (b) Q
laiai aslaaila i alailai i i
saaslaa[lAns.
i i
a (d) S]saslaala (c) 6.0 ×sa10 a i i
sla4lam/s
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
adsaasal dadsa(c) R dadsasa (d)daS d a a d a a d a d a as
PaPa PaPa PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d PaPdad
Couple of force on loop S is maximum (d) cannot be estimated from the same data
w
because for a given perimeter, area of [Ans.i (b) 1.5 × 103 m/s]
laiai Hint: lsaailathe
i loop willalabe ilamaximum
i and
l aailamagnetic
i l aailai l aailai l aalai i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d a saa
d a sa s a d as aas d a saas d a saas d a saas d a as
a
P Pa d moment a d
P Paof the loopP (=IA) a d
Pa will also P Pbe
a a d a
P Pa d 2
mνP Paa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
w
maximum for loop ‘S’. Bqv = ⇒ Bqr = mV

r
laiai 3. When i current is doubled
i deflection i is also i i i i i i
forselectrons
aslaala and protons, saaslaala B, q, r same
aslaala i i i i i
adsaasal d a sadoubled in d a saaslaala d a saaslaala d a saaslaala d a a d a d a saaslaala as
PaPa d Pa a d PaPa d PaPa d PaP∴ d
a mv = a constant PaPa d PaPa d PaPdad
w
(a) movingPcoil galvanometer

(b) tangent galvanometer me Ve = mp vp
Hint:
laiai aslaaila
sa(c)
i of themalaailai (d) neither
both i i
saaslaalaof two dadsaaslaala
i i i i
saaslaal=a me Ve dadsaaslaala
i i i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d a d a sas d a v
d a d a as
a
P Pa d [ Ans.
a
P Pa d (a) moving a coil
P Pa d galvanometer] a
P Pa a
P Pap d a
mPp Pa
a
P Pa d PaPdad
4. A current carrying conductor is associated with
(a) electric field (b) magnetic field 0.90 × 10 −30 × 3 × 106
laiai i
aslaala i i i i i i i v i= i ilai i i
adsaasal d a sa(c) electro saaslaala
magnetic
d a (d)d all
a
a
slala
saathese d a saaslaala d
p sasla
a a ala 1d. 8a× aslaa
sa10 −27
d a saaslaala as
PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d PaPva d
= 1.5 P ×P
a a3
10 m/s
d PaPa d PaPdad
[Ans. (b) magnetic field] p
laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
a d a d a d a as
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
laiai Kindly
laiai Share Your
laiai to OurlaEmail
laiai laiai laiai
laiai i i ilai
saaslaais
This aailai
saaslSample,
Onlydfor
ilai
saaslaaBook
ai or
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a d
PaAll Leading a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
d
PaPa d d
d d d
a d d
PaPa d d
PaPa d PaPdad
8. A long straight conductor carrying a current 14. The unit of magnetic field is
laiai lies ai i
saaalong
slala the axis sof
ilai The conductor
aslaaaring. i i
saaslaala will dadsaaslaal(a)
iai ampere-turn i i
saaslaala (b) aailai
saaslampere
i i
saaslaala
a d
P Paexert a forcePon a d
Pathe ring, if the a d
P Pring
a - a
P Pa a d a d
P Pa coulomb P Pa(d) tesla P Pa
(c) newton a d PaPdad
(a) carries a current [Ans. (d) tesla]
(b) ahas
laiai saslaalauniformly sdistributed chargeala
i i aslaalai i i i i i i i aailai to a straight i i
adsaasal d a d a a d a sasala d a saaslaalThe
15. a direction
d a
laalmagnetic
saasof a
d
field
a saaslclose d a saaslaala as
d
PaPa(c) has non-uniformlyPaPa d distributed
PaPa d PaPa d conductor d
PaPa carrying current d
PaPa will be PaPa d PaPdad
m
(d) none of the above (a) along the length of the conductor

laiai alailai [Ans. i i(d) none ofathe i above]
i i(b)i radially outward i i i i i i
adsaasal adsasa a saaslaala a saslaala a saaslaala a saaslaala a saaslaala a saaslaala as
9.PaPdaDirection of a
P Pad
magnetic
d force
a d
P Paon
d a positive
a
P Pad d (c) circular
a d d
P Pa in a plane a d d
P Paperpendicular d
P Pto
a d
a the PaPdad
co
charge moving in a magnetic field is given by conductor
laiai (a) thumb
laailai rule saslaailai (b) left hand laailrule
ai ai helical saslaailai [Ans. (c)sacircular
laail(d) laailai in a plane i i
saaslaala
adsaasal a saas a a a saas a saas a a perpendiculara a to
s the conductor]
a as
PaPa(c) right hand
d d PaPrule
da d (d)Pa
cork
Pa screw rulePaPa
d d d d d
PaPa d d
PaPa d d
PaPa d PaPdad
[Ans. (c) right hand rule] 16. When the current flowing in a circular coil is
.
laiai 10. If a la current I is flowing in a straight wire doubled and the anumber of turns iof the coilainlaailai
adsaasal asailai aslaailai aslaailai aslaailitaiis halved, aslaailmagnetic
i aslaaatilaits
ks
a s a s a s a s a s the a s
field centre aswill
as as
PaPdaparallel to PX-
aPdaaxis
d and magnetic PaPdad field is PinaPdad
a a a a a a
d PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad
Y-axis then the wire experiences become
(a) in iZ-direction (b) in Y- direction (a) four times (b) same
laiai laalai laailai laailai laailai laailai aailai
saasldouble
i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d (c)
a saas
no force d a saas (d) indX-
a saas
direction d a saas (c) half
d a saas d a(d) d a as
PaPdad
oo PaPa d Pa a
P
d PaPa d Pa a
[Ans. (b)Psame]
d
[Ans. (a) in Z-direction]
11. Consider the motionaof ai charged particle
aailai in a 17. The
laiai aslaailaimagnetic aslailadirected aslthe ai forces existing
aslaailcarrying
between twoaparallel
aslaailai is F. If ilai
aslacurrent
currentai i
saaslala
adsaasal d s
uniform
a a d a s
afield d a s
into
a paper. d a s
a da s
conductors
a d a s
athe in
d aeach as
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
www.Padasalai.Net
If velocity v of the particle is in the plane of the conductor is doubled, then the value of force will be
ab
paper, the charged particle will describe a F

laiai a ilai a ilai a ilai a il(a)i 2F (b)a ila4Fi (c) l5F a ilai (d) i i
adsaasal d(a)
a a l a
sasstraight line
d a a l
sasa (b) circle d a a
sasal
d a a
sasal a
d a a
sasal
d a a
sasa d a s2aaslaala as
(c) ellipse (d) hyperbola [Ans. (b) 4F]
ur
[Ans. (b) circle]

laiai lsaailai lsaailai i i
saaslaatola force dad18.
iai deflection
saaslaalThe
iai a galvanometer
saaslaalin
i i
saaslaala fallsdafrom
i i
saaslaala
adsaasal 12. d a s a
Lorentz
a force d a s a
generally
a a
refers
d d a d a as
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa 50 to 20 a d
P Pdivisions
a a
whenP12W d
Pa shunt is applied. a d
P Pa The PaPdad
experienced by a charge due to combined
action of galvanometer resistance is,
.s
laiai (a)
i
laala
saasmagnetic
i fields saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i i
saaslaal(a)ai 18W i i
saaslaala (b) aailai
saasl36W
i i
saaslaala
d
PaPa(b) electric fields PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d PaPa
(c) 24W d d
PaPa(d) 30W PaPa d PaPdad
w
(c) electric, magnetic & gravitational fields [Ans. (a) 18W]

laiai lsaailai and magnetic
(d)saelectric l a i a i fields l a i a i l a i a i l a i a i l a ilai i i
saaslaaala
adsaasal d a a [ (d)
d a saasal
electric and a saasal
magnetic
d fields] d a saasalTwo thin
19. d a saasalparallel dwires
long a saasaseparated d by
a as
a
P Pa d Ans. a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
distance ‘a’ are carrying current I amp each. The
w
13. Cyclotron is used to

magnitude of the force per unit length excited
laiai laailai
(a)saaccelerate charged laaila particles
i laailato
orsaions i low laailbyai one wireson ilai
aslaathe other disasaaslala
ai i i i
saaslaala
adsaasal a a s a saas a a s a saas a a a as
PaPa voltages PaPa
d d d d PaPad d PaPad d PaPa d d PaPa d PaPad d PaPdad
w
(b) decelerate charged particles or ions to high µ 0 I2 µ 0 I2

(a) (b)
voltages a2 2πa
laiai l a i a i l a i a i l a i a i la i a i la i a i l aailai i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d(c)
a saa a l
saccelerate charged d a saa a l
s particlesdor a saa
ions a l
s to high dadas s a a l
d a saas a l
d a saas da as
a d
P Pa energiesP Pa a d a
P Pa d a
P Pa µIaa d
(c) P0 P P P (d)
a a d µ 0 I P Pa
a d PaPdad
(d) accelerate charged particles or ions to high 2πa 2πa 2
laiai laailai
saasvoltages saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
ilai
saas[laaAns. ma0Isa2aslaailai
adsaasal a a a a a a (b) as
d
PaPa [Ans.P(c)
d d
aPaaccelerate charged
d d
PaPa particlesPoraPa
d d d PaPa d d PaPad d PaPad ]
d PaPdad
ions to high energies] 2pa
laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
d a d a d a d a as
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
laiai Kindly
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saaslSample,
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ai or
i i
saaslaala
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saaslaala
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a d
PaAll Leading a
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laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
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i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
a a a a a as
d
PaPa d d
PaPa d d
PaPa d ➠ XIIPStd
aPa - Physics
d d PaPa- Volume-I
d d d
PaPa d d
PaPa d PaPdad
20. Graph of force per unit length between long 26. Thermopile is used to
laiai saparallel
aslaailai current saascarrying
laailai conductors,
saaslaala and the
i i i i
(a) measure iai i i i i
adsaasal a a a a saaslaala asaaslaaltemperaturea saaslaala a saaslaala as
a d
P Pa d distance between
a
P Pad d them is a
P Pad d a d
P Pa d d d
(b)P measure
aPa currenta
P Pad d a
P Pad d PaPdad
(a) straight line (b) parabola (c) detect thermal radiation
(c) ellipse (d) measure pressure
laiai aslaailai aslaailai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala asaasla
i
ala[iAns. (a)
i i
saaslaala temperature]
measure
i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d a sa(d) rectangular
d a sahyperbola d a da d d a d a as
PaPa 27. d
aPafollowing thermocouple,
InPthe PaPa d d
PaPdirection
the a PaPdad
[Ans. (d) rectangular hyperbola] of the thermo electric current at the hot
m
21. A junction is from
laiai
adsaasal a s aslaagalvanometer
ilai
a s aslcoil
aailai has a resistance
as aslaailai of 15Wa s aslaailai (a) Sb atosaaBiailai
sla a
ai i
saa(b) ai i
slalaNi to Fedadsaaslala as
a d
P Pa d aand gives full
a
P Pad scale
d a deflection
ad
P Pa d for
a a current
ad
P Paof
d a a d d a d d
Pato Cu P Pa (d) Zn toPPt a
Pa PaPdad
(c)P Fe
4mA. To convert it to an ammeter of range 0
co
to 6 amp. [Ans. (b) Ni to Fe]
laiai aslaaila i i i
saaslaala is to da laailai aailai For a given
saasl28. aailai
saaslthermocouple aslaaailgiven
sfor ai cold junction i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d asa(a) 10mW resistance
d a besaasconnected
din
a da d a a d a as
PaPa d d
PaPtoa the galvanometer
parallel PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d
temperature,
d
PaPa temperature
the inversion
d
PaPais 220°C. PaPdad
(b) 10mW resistance is to be connected in series When the cold junction temperature is increased
.
i with
i the galvanometer by 20°C, then
laiai saaslaalathe inversion saastemperature is ala
i i i i i i i i laailai i i
adsaasal saaslaala saaslaala saaslaala saaslaala sasala
ks
a
P Pa d (c) 0.1mW a
P Paresistance
d is to be
a
P Paconnected
d in series
a
P Pa d a
(a)P 200 d
o
Pa C P Pa (b) 220 Pa d o a
C Pa d PaPdad
with the galvanometer o
(c) 240 C (d) 110 C o
(d) i 0.1mW resistanceilai is to be aconnected in
laiai laailai
saaslaala[Ans. (a) 200°C]
laala i la i i i i i i i i
adsaasal d a saas parallel to
d athe
saas galvanometer
a d a sa s d a saaslaala d a saaslaala d a d a saaslaala as
PaPdad
d
PaPa [Ans. (d)P0.1mW aPa d
resistance PaPis
a d
oo
to be connected
d
PaPa 29. When
PaPathe hot andPcold
d aPa junctionsPofaPaa thermo
d d
couple are interchanged then the thermo emf
in parallel to the galvanometer]
(a) increases ila
laiai aslaailadeflection
i aailai aslaailai aslaailai (b) remain i ai i i i
Unit 3
adsaasal 22. a saThe a saaslmoving

in coilagalvanometer
sa is
a sa a saaslaaunchanged a slaladecreases
saa(c) a saaslaala as
a d d
P Pa reduced to a d
a d a d d a d d a d d a d d a d d PaPdad
P Phalf Pa
when it isP shunted Pa
with aP40W P Pa P Pa accordingPto Panature of
www.Padasalai.Net
(d) increases or decreases
ab
coil. The resistance of the galvanometer is metals used [Ans. (b) remain unchanged]
laiai (a)l a ila i
60W l a ilai (b) 10W l a ilai l a ilai ilai
saaslaaof
i i
saaslaalapair ofdparticles
i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d a a
sasa d a a
sasa d a a
sasa d a a
sas30.a Which d aone the following
d a a as
d
PaPa (c) 40W PaPa d d
aPa20W
P(d) PaPa d d
PaPawith samePaP
move
a d aa
velocity alongP Pthe same
d PaPdad
[Ans. (c) 40W] circular path in a uniform magnetic field?
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23. Ataai given place the horizontal component of ai i

laiai l a i l a i a i l a i a i
saasal (a) electron,
l a iai
saaslaalproton
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d a asal field isa0.2
saearth’s d saas×al10–4 Tesla. d aIf
l
saaasavertical wire
d a d a d a d a as
a d
P Pa carries aPcurrent aPa d a
P Pa
of 30A upward,
d a
P a
what is Pthe
d a Pa d
(b)P proton, deutron a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
magnitude and direction of the force on 1m of (c) proton, alpha particle
.s
laiai i i i i i i i i (d) deutron, ialpha

i particle i i i i
adsaasal a sawire?
aslaala a saaslaala a saaslaala a saaslaala a saaslaala a saaslaala a saaslaala as
d d
PaPa (a) 6 EastPto d d
aPaWest PaPad d d
PaPa d d
PaPa d [Ans. P(d)aPadeutron, alpha
d d PaPaparticle]
d d PaPdad
–2
(b) 6 × 10 East to West
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31. Which one of the following is correct.

(c)ai 6 i× 10–3 East toaWest i i According to
i iBiot-Savart law,
i i the magnetic
laiai l a l i a i l a i a i
saasaala
l saaslaala saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d a asal
sa(d) 6 × 10–4 d a
Eastsaato
saWestl
d a saasal d a induction
d a is directly a
proportional
d to d a as
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
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[Ans. (a) 6 East to West] (a) Square of the current

24. If the temperature of ilaihot junction is
ilaincreased i i (b) Square root
i i of the current
laiai laailai inversion laatemperature laathermoi
saaslaala saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d a sa a
beyond
s d a saas d a saa
thes emf
d a d a d a d a as
d
PaPa (a) is constant PaPa d aPa d aa d d
(c)PaLength
Pa of the current d
PaPa element PaPa d PaPdad
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P(b) increases P P
(c) decreases (d) becomes zero (d) Square of the distance
laiai i i i i [Ans. laailaincreases]
i i i [Ans.la(c) i iLength of athe i current
i element] i i
adsaasal d a saaslaala d a saaslaala d a saas(b) d a saaslaala d a saasala d a saslaala d a saaslaala as
a d
Pa In whichPofPthe
P25. a d
a followingPpairs a d
Pa of metals P a
ofPthed
a 32. This a a d
P Pworks on the P aPa d
principle a d
P Pa Law
of Tangent PaPdad
thermocouple, the emf is maximum? (a) Tangent Galvanometer
(a) Fe-Cu (b) Cu-Zn
laiai saaslaala (b) Galvanometer saa(c)
laailaPotentiometer
i i i i i i i i i i i i i
adsaasal a saaslaala a saaslaala a saaslaala a a saaslaala a s a saaslaala as
PaPa (c) Pt-AgP
d d d
aPa d P(d)
aPaSb-Bi
d d d
PaPa d d d
(d)PaMetre
Pa Bridge PaPa
d d PaPad d PaPdad
[Ans. (d) Sb-Bi] [Ans. (a) Tangent Galvanometer]
laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
a d a d a d a as
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
laiai Kindly
laiai Share Your
laiai to OurlaEmail
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saaslaais
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saaslSample,
Onlydfor
ilai
saaslaaBook
ai or
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a d
PaAll Leading a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
d
PaPa d d
d d d
a d d
PaPa d d
PaPa d PaPdad
33. The magnetic induction at the center of a 40. Two T.G’s having reduction factor K1 and K2
laiai circular i i
saaslaala coil having
iai and radius
saasl5aalturn
i i iai connected
saaslaala2π cm dadsaaslaalare
iai
saaslaalinseries and ilai deflections
saaslaagive
i i
saaslaala
P Pacarrying a current
a d P Pa of 50 mAPisPa
a d a d a
P Pa a d
θ1andPθP2 arespectively.PThen a d
Pa K1 : K2 P Pa a d PaPdad
(a) 2π × 10−7T (b) 50π × 10−7T (a) q1 : q2 (b) tanq1 : tanq2
(c) a25 × 10 −7T (d) 2.5 × 10 −7 T
laiai saslaala
i i i
saaslaala
i i i
saaslaala −7 dadsaaslaal(c)
i i
a q : q alalai i aailai : tanq salaailai
saasltanq
(d)
adsaasal a a [Ans. a
(c) 25 × 10 P T]aPa 2 d1asasa a 2
aPda1ada
s as
PaPa
d d d
PaPa d d
PaPa d
P aPa d P d
aPa d P
[Ans. (d) tanq2 : tanq1] PaPdad
34. The magnetic induction at the center of a
m
circularaailacoil
i carrying current is 41.aiAmpere’s circuital law is another form of

laiai aslµn aslaailai aslaailai aslalai aslaailai aslaailai i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d a sa I d a sa µ
d aIsa d a s
a (a) Tangent
d a salaw d a sa d a as
a d
P Pa(a) a
P Pa d a
(b)P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
2a 2πa (b) Biot-Savart law
co
µI (c) Ampere’s Swimming rule i i
laiai (c) laaµIilai laailai (d) laailai laailai laailai aala
saaslBiot-Savart
i i
saaslaala
adsaasal a saas a saas 2naa saas a s
a as (d) End a s
ruleaas [ Ans. (b)
a alaw] as
PaPa 2na PaPa
d d d d d
PaPa d
mI PaPa d d PaPad d PaPad d PaPad d PaPdad
[Ans. (b) ] 42. What is the current passing through a coil
.
2pa of radius of l8aila
cm having 50lailturns, when laailai
laiai laiai ilaithe center of
aslaaat aslaaailcircular
ai aslaailai asa i asa ai
adsaasal 35.adaMagnetic
adsaasal fluxadensity
ks
a s a s a s a s a s sasa as
P Pda20
P P coil of diameter
a
d cm carrying PaPdad
a
a current 5PAaPad
d a magnetic d a
PaPdaintensity atPthe a
aPdadcentre of the aada is
PaPdcoil PaPdad
−1
125 A turns m ?
kept in air is
laiai (a) a4π il× −7
ai10 teslasaslaailai (b) 3.14×10 −5
i tesla
i i(a)
ai 0.1 ampere laa
ilai (b) l0.4 ilaampere
i i i
adsaasal d a saslaa−7 d a a d asaasl−7aala d a saaslaal(c) 1 ampere
d a saas d a saas4aaampere
(d) d a saaslaala as
PaPdad
d
PaPa(c) 10 teslaP aPa d (d)Pa
2π
oo
d
Pa×10 tesla PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d
[Ans. (b) 3.14×10 tesla] −5 [ Ans. (b) 0.4 ampere]
36. When laailai in a 43. In Ampere’s lcircuital law, the value of linelaiai
laiai
adsaasal s aslaailathe
i number
s aslaailaof
i turns a(n)
s s aslaailai s aailai
asdl s aslaailai asaasal as
PaPda∫d
a a a s a integral a B⋅ a
PaPdagalvanometer PaPisdadoubled, current
PaPdadsensitivityPaPdad
a a a a a a
d d PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad
www.Padasalai.Net
ab
(a) remains constant (b) decreases twice (a) depends on share of the current path
(c) increases twice i(b)i depends aon i the
laiai laailai aslaailai i i i position of ithei wire within i i
adsaasal d (d)
a saasincreases four
d a stimes
a d a saaslaala d a saaslaala the magnetic
d a saslaalafield dadsaaslaala d a saaslaala as
PaPa d d
PaPa [Ans. (c) d
PaPincreases
a PaPa
twice]
d PaPa d PaPa PaPa d PaPdad
(c) depends on the direction of the current
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37. In a T.G the magnetic needle is small so that (d) is zero, when the closed ipath does not i i
laiai (a) laailacircular
asthe i scale aailsmall
aslis ai aslaailai aslaailai encircle aslaailwire
ai aslaalai saaslaala
adsaasal d a sa d a sa d a sa d a sa d a sathe d a sa d a as
a d
P Pa(b) the compass a d
P Pabox is smallP Pa a d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
[Ans. (d) is zero, when the closed path
(c) it can be easily deflected
.s
does not encircle the wire]

laiai (d) itlaremains
ilai in uniform
laailai magneticsfield laailai laailai laailai i i i i
adsaasal a saas a a saas a aas a saas a saas a saaslaala a saaslaala as
PaPa
d d PaP[Ans.
da (d) it remains
d PaPa in uniform
d d PaPa 44. Calculate
d d PaPa the currentPaP
d d passing
da d through
PaPaa coil
d d PaPdad
magnetic field] of diameter 20 cm, having 50 turns, when the
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38. In aala T.G

ilai experiment, field at the centre of the coillais 200 ampere-lailai
laiai
adsaasal a sa s a a saaslaailif
ai the number
a saaslaaof
ilai turns
a saaslaailai a saaslaailai a saasailai asaasa as
PaPdaisd increasedP10 aPdadtimes, to produce PaPdad the same PaPdad turns/meter
PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad PaPdad
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deflection, the value of the current should be (a) 80 ampere (b) 1.6 ampere
(a) increased by 20 times i(c)i 0.8 ampere (d) l160 i iampere alailai
laiai laailai ai i
slala
i i
saaslaala saaslaala
i i
saaslaala saasaala
adsaasal (b)
a saasincreased by 10
a saatimes a a a a s sa
aPdaada as
d
PaPa d PaPad d PaPad d d
PaPa d d
PaPa d PaPa[Ans. (c) 0.8Pampere]
d d PaPdad
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(c) decreased by 20 times 45. The direction of the magnetic field due to a
(d) decreased by 10 times
laiai solenoid is given by
adsaasal a saaslaailai [Ans.a sa slaailadecreased
a(d) i
a sby
a
ilaitimes]
aslaa10 a saaslaailai a saaslaailai a
i i
saaslaala a
i i
saaslaala as
a d d a d
P PaThe TangentP Galvanometer
Pa d a d d
PisPamore sensitive a d
P Pa d (a) Amperes
a d
P Pa d circuital law
a
P Pad d a
P Pad d PaPdad
39.
(b) Biot-Savart law
for this angle of deflection
laiai laailairadian saslaailai (b) 45 radian
(a)sas3.14 i i i(c)
ai Right hand laapalm
ilai rule alailai i i
adsaasal d a a d a a d a saaslaala d a saaslaal(d) a
Flemings
d saasright hand a
law
d sasa d a saaslaala as
d
PaPa(c) 0.785 radian PaPa d (d)Pa d
Pa radian PaPa
1.57 d PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d PaPdad
[Ans. (c) 0.785 radian] [ Ans. (c) Right hand palm rule]
laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
d a d a d a d a as
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
laiai Kindly
laiai Share Your
laiai to OurlaEmail
laiai laiai laiai
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saaslaais
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saaslSample,
Onlydfor
ilai
saaslaaBook
ai or
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saaslaala
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P Pa d a
P Pa d a d
PaAll Leading a
P Pa d a
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laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
adsaasal a d
P Pa
a
d NEET BASED QUESTIONS
a d
P Pa
a
d a d
P Pa
a
d a d
P Pa
a
d a d
P Pa
a
d a d
P Pa
a
d a d
P Pa
a
d as
PaPdad
laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
d
1.PaPaThe moment PaPofd d
a inertia ofPaaPcollapsing
a d
PaPa 7. The Pmaximum
star aPa d d d
PaPa in the interference
intensity PaPa PaPdad
pattern of two equal and parallel slits is I. if one
m
changes to one-third of its initial value. The ratio
of the new rotational kinetic energy to the initial ofi the slits is closed, i the intensity at the same i i
laiai aslaailai aslaailai aslaailai aslaailapoint aslaaila________. aslaailai saaslaala
adsaasal d a s
rotational
a kinetic
d a s
energy
a is____ d a sa d a sa is l
d .
a Then
sa d a sa d a as
d d d d d d d PaPdad
0
a
P Pa a
P Pa a
P Pa a
P Pa a
P a a
P Pa a
P Pa
(A) l =Pl0 (B) l = 2l0
co
(A) 3 : 1 (B) 1 : 3 (C) 9 : 1 (D) 1 : 9
(C) l = 4l0
laiai 2. A body
l ailai of 10 kg aislaildropped
a i from la ilinfinite
a i l a ila(D)
i There isano iai
saslaalrelation
i i i i
saaslaalal and l0 dadsaaslaala
between
adsaasal d a a
sasa d a sasa d a a
sasa d a a
sasa d a d a as
d
PaPaheight towards d
PaPaearth’s surface. PaPWhat
a d will be PitsaPa d PaPa d PaPa d PaPa PaPdad
velocity just before touching the earth’s surface. 8. X-rays coming out of an X-ray tube ________.
.
laiai (Gravitational
i i potential i i energy of the body
i i at i i i i i i i i
adsaasal saaslaalasurface isda6·25
saaslaa×la108 Joule). saaslaala saaslaala(A) Aredmonochromatic
saaslaala saaslaala saaslaala
ks
d a
earth’s d a d a a d a d a as
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a d
P Pa all wavelengths
(B) Have a d
P Pa below aP certain aPa d PaPdad
(A) 22·4 km/sec (B) 11·2 km/sec minimum wavelength
(C) 6·4 km/sec (D) Infinite
laiai laailai laailai saaslaala(C) Have sall
aslaawavelengths saasabove
laailai a certain
i i i i ilai i i
adsaasal a saas a saas a saaslaala a a a a a saaslaala as
3.PaPaThe vertical P
d escape
aPa velocity ofPaaPbody
d a from earth’s
d d d
minimum wavelength d d PaPdad
d d
oo
surface is 11·2 km/sec. If the body is projected (D) Have all wavelengths between a certain
at an iangle of 45º from the vertical, its escape minimumlaand maximum lwavelength
laiai aslaailai
aslaalaiwill be ______. aslaailai aslaailai asailai i i
saasaala
i i
saaslaala
adsaasal d velocity
a sa d a sa d a sa d a sa d a sa d a d a as
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a d
P Pa 9. The Pcurrent a
Pa d a d
P Pa of common
amplification a d
P Pabase PaPdad
www.Padasalai.Net
ab
11⋅ 2
(A) 11·2 × 2 km/s (B) km/s N–P–N transistor is 0·96. What will be the
2
laiai i i i i i i i current
i gainalif i iti is used asalcommon
i i emitter i i
adsaasal a saaslaala a saaslaala a saaslaala a saaslaala a sasaala a sasaala a saaslaala as
d d
PaPa(C) 11·2 × 2Pkm/s d
aPa d (D) P11·2 d d
aPa km/s PaPa d d amplifier
PaPa?
d d d
(A) 16 (B) 24 (C) 20 (D) 32
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4. Which of the following equations represents a

laiai i i
saaslaalaharmonic
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaalaWho discovered
i i
saaslaala neutron
ilai
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d a as
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa ?d
respectively
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
(A) y = a sin ωt (B) y = a sin ωt cos kt
.s
(C) y = a sin (ωt – kx) (D) y = a cos kx (A) Thomson and Rutherford
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i i
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a sa d a sa d asa d a s
a d a s
a d a d a as
a
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P Pa d a
P Pa d a d
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(A) f (B) (C) 2 f (D) Zero resistance is 20 kΩ. Its mutual conductance will
2
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s sa
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s sa
i i alala
s sa
i i alalabe
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s sa alailai alailai
adada adada adada PaPdad aad5 amho
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as
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6.P PaDuring negative
P Paβ-decay ________.
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laiai electron
i i i i i i i i laailai ai i ai i
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PaP d PaPa d aa aa d
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an electron
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a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
laiai Kindly
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PaPa d PaPa d d d aPa d PaPa d PaPa d PaPdad
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i l a i a i nucleus iai definite orbits
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P Pvelocity v PaPdad
m
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a saaslaa(B) a aslaailqvπr
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R 23.
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a
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a
d d
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.
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ks
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a Neutron
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16. Two electrons move parallel to each other
24. In a cyclotron the time required to move a
with equal speeds v. The ratio of magnetic and
laiai a i i a i i i
laala i i i charged aparticle
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PaPa d PaPa d PaPa 2d
oo PaP2a d d d d
Physics
v c v c semicircular path is ________.

(A) (B) (C) 2 (D) 2
c v i c v mπ iai Bqv
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P Pthed a
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P Pa d PaPdad
www.Padasalai.Net
ab
B
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πmq
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Z = 3. The wavelength of PaPdad
18. The displacement of a particle is given by x = 6
radiation required to excite the electron in Li2+
ur
cosi ωt + 8 sin ωt metre This equation respresents

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i i
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a
P Pa d a
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P Pa d a
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What is the angular momentum of the electron ?
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a saaslaala h
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adsaasal a saaslaailai a saaslaailai a saaslaailai a saaslaailai plane a s aslaailai
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21. According to Rutherford model of atom the atom (A) Parallel to the magnetic field
consists (B) Perpendicular to the magnetic field
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Time Allowed : 3.00 Hours ] Part III - PHYSICS [ Maximum Marks : 70
laiai i i i i (With
i i Answers) i i i i i i i i
adsaasal d asaaslaala d a saaslaala d asaaslaala d a saaslaala d a saaslaala d a saaslaala d a saaslaala as
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the Hall Supervisor immediately.
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lailai to draw diagrams.
alailai i i
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d PaPdaPART dasasa
- I PaPad a d a
d sasa
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mean
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d sasa
a d a
d sasa
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P Pa Pa wavelengthPof
Palight from Sun
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co
Note : (i) Answer all the questions. as 550nm and its mean power as 3.8 × 1026 W
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i the amost i i appropriate i answer
i ithen,
ai the average ilanumber
i of photons ilai received abylailai
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PaPa d PaPad d PaPdad PaPdad
the option code and the corresponding order of :
(a) 1045 (b) 1042 (c) 1054 (d) 1051
.
answer. (15 × 1 = 15)
laiai laailai aslaailai ai i
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ks
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a radius of d a saathree
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of 30°Pwith a d
Pa of 2 × 10P a d
Pa –1. It
5 NC PaPdad
of hydrogen atom is:
experiences a torque equal to 8 Nm. The charge
(a) 1 :i 2 : 3 (b) 1 : 2 : 2 i on
laiai i i i
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oo PaPa d
2. Two coherent monochromatic light beams 8. Fraunhofer lines are an example of ______
PaPa d PaPa d PaPa
of intensities I and 4I are superposed. The spectrum.
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P Pa d a
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a d a d
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P Pa d PaPdad
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ab
(a) 5I and I (b) 5I and 3I 9. The mass of a 73Li nucleus is 0.042 u less than the
laiai (c)sal9I
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i
a and Ii i
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i i
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3.PaPA d
a wire connected d
PaPa to a power PaPsupply
a of 230VPaPa d binding PaP d
energy
a per nucleon d
PaPaof 3Li nucleus PaP d
is anearly PaPdad
has power dissipation P1. Suppose the wire is (a) 46 MeV (b) 5.6 MeV
ur
cut into two equal pieces and connected parallel (c) 3.9 MeV (d) 23 MeV
laiai aslaailsame
ai laailai laailai aslaailai aslaailai aslaailai i i
saaslaaala
adsaasal to
d a sthe
a power
d a s assupply.
a In this
d a saacase
s power d a s
10.
a The a s
temperature
d a d a
co-efficient
s a of resistanced a of as
a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
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P2 wire is 0.00125 per °C. At 20°C, its resistance is
dissipation is P2. The ratio P is :
.s
1Ω. The resistance of the wire will be 2 Ω at:

laiai l a ilai l a ilai 1 l a ilai
sa2sa (c) d3adsasa(d) 4 dadsasa (a) 800dºC l a ilai i i
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a d d
PaPa(d) 820 ºCPaPa d PaPdad
4. Stars twinkle due to :
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(a) Reflection 11. The particle size of ZnO material is 30 nm. Based
laiai l a i a i l a i a i l a i a i iai the dimension
saaslaalon
i i
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i i
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a
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a
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d a
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d Nanomaterial
a
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(c) Soft material

5. The instantaneous values of alternating current (d) Magnetic material
laiai laailai laailai laailai laailai ai i
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12.
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circuit are i =PaPa sin (100πt)PAaPa d Pa a d Pa a d PaPa d PaPdad
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2 9 F andP3Ω respectively.P The quality factor for

1  π this circuit is : 1 i i
and v =i i sin 100πt i+ i  V . 1
laiai lsaala 2  sasla a 3 lsaailai lsaail(a)ai 1 aailai 9
ls(b) (c) lsaailai (d) sasla ala
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The average power in watts consumed in the 13. A circular coil of radius 5 cm and 50 turns carries
circuit is : a current of 3 ampere. The magnetic dipole
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sasa a a ilmoment
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(c) 0.5 Am2 (d) 0.8 Am2
[485]
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laiai Kindly
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laiai to OurlaEmail
laiai laiai laiai
laiai i i ilai
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P486
aPa d PaPSura’s
a d  XII P
Std d
aPa- Physics - Instantd
PaPa Supplementary d
PaPaExam - July 2022
PaPa d
Question PaperPawithd
Pa Answers PaPdad
14. Two radiations with photon energies 0.9 eV and 30. What is Seebeck effect? State the applications of
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P PIfathe work function a d
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a 31. What a d
P Paare the properties a d
P Pa of CathodePrays? aPa d PaPdad
eV, then the ratio of maximum speeds of emitted 32. AC is advantageous than DC. Explain.
electrons in the twoacases will be : ai i 33.i i Light travels i ifrom air ainto i ia glass slab iofi
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adsaasal a sa as
(a) 1 : 4 a s
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d
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P Pa d a
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PART
a
P Pa d PaPdad
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Note: Answer any six questions. Question number OR
.
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laiai
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ks
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PaPad Mention the
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oo d PaPa d d
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speed of light through it?
life of carbon-14 is 5730 years.
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laiai 35. (a) Describe the Fizeau's method to determine
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i i
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d aspeed of light.
a d d a a d d PaPdad
Pa State Gauss
P22. a
P PLaw. P Pa P Pa P Pa P Pa P Pa
www.Padasalai.Net
ab
OR
23. Define atomic mass unit. (b) (i) Write down the properties of
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i
alai
i i
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ur
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i i permittivity i i of the medium i i
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a
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P Pad d is 2.25. Compute
a
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a
P Pad d index PaPdad
2Ω 4Ω
of the medium.
.s
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laiai l a ilai l a i i
+ la- laailai laailai i
saaslaalaof a Vandade a i
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i i
saaslaala
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a saaGraaff d a as
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12 V
PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d PaPaOR d PaPa d
PART - III
w
(b) Explain about Compound Microscope and

Note: Answer any six questions. Question number
obtain
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iai equation afor
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adsaasal
l
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for energy
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a
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a
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d PaPdad
w
a pair of coils is same (M12 = M21).

parallel plate capacitor. OR
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ai laatoilaai uniform saslaailai laailai ilai
saaslaaMorgan's
ilai
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w
motion of radius 2.50 mm. What is the speed of 38. (a) (i) Obtain Einstein's photoelectric
laiai electron?
i i i i i i
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a saasall a a i
a saasall a a i
a
la
saasal a i
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i i
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a
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P Pad d of a photo
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emissive cell. OR
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laiai laailai laailai saaslaala
i i
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and
s diffraction. d a s aas d a d a d current
a a as
PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d Pa a d PaPa d PaPa d PaPa d PaPdad
29. What is Zener diode? Mention any two usesP of field.
Zener diode. 
laiai i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
i i
saaslaala
a
P Pa d a
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P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d a
P Pa d PaPdad
laiai Kindly
laiai Share Your
laiai to OurlaEmail
laiai laiai laiai

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DEMAND DRAFT / CHEQUE

1.7.4 Dielectrics or insulators

laiai ai i ai i laailaelectric i1.8i Capacitors i and

1.5.4 Equi-potential Surface 1.9.1 Distribution of charges in a

potential 1.9.2 Action at points or Corona

laiai i i i i CONCEPT MAP

Gauss law Conductors

of 1 metre in air or vacuum from an equal and similar charge

Test : PAPcharge which, introduction

2. Which charge configuration produces a

laiai 3. What i is the ratio of

ilai between them

(c) more than before (d)i zero

5 11 25 8. Rank the electrostatic potential energies for

4. An electric dipole is placed at an alignment angle Q –Q –Q –Q

laiai origin ai VA is the

laiai B is laiai ±4………..). laailai This is called quantisation oflaiai

[ Ans. (a) 8.80 × 10 –17

 [Govt. MQP-2019; Mar-2020]

(c) C remains same, Q doubled r

laiai (a) aCapacitance

aslaailaEi = F = kq as=lala q2 r asaaslaailai

laiai r the charges ilai and the distance between them.

q1qn { work done by an external force to bring a unit

sa(i)ai iThe electric

laiai separation.i i i i i i i i and it ionizes i i the surrounding i i air. i i

the sharper edge.

points or corona discharge.

equation uE = e0E2. up of atoms, which in turn are made

Thus, the equivalent capacitance of capacitors

(2), we get greater than the largest individual capacitance.

= + + ...... (3) lightning conductor.

Capacitor in parallel : to eachi other by a thin conducting wire ias

voltage V as shown in Figure (a). of either spheres.

(a) (ii)P PIf a charge QPisPintroduced into one of

laiai (i) la This

ground. The upper end of the rod has a Insulating C

sharp spike or a sharp needle. stand –

copperPplate which is buried Working:

e 1.6 ×10 −19 direction. So cancel to each other

due to some reason, you and your friend lost F sin45°

laiai with your

Sol.: are equal and opposite. So they are cancel

Sol.: G iven: x=0 +

Here s = r = the position of an electron, u=v0 surface

→ of x for the figure (b).

Calculate Pthe electric P flux through Pthe (a)

0 x(cm) Electric field, Ea=i 3i × 106 Vm–1 ai i

[ Ans. (a) 8.80 × 10 –17

[Govt. MQP-2019; Mar-2020]

sa(i)ai iThe electric

Sol.: G iven: x=0 +

object ai i [Ans.ai(a)i both negative]

[ Ans. (b) Electric field] Fg = i i ⋅ 1 22 i

[Ans. (d) Point charge] [Ans. (a) Faraday]

[Ans. (a) straight line] to obey Ohm’s law

www.Padasalai.Net the drift velocity of free electrons. [Aug-2021]

[Ans. (a) 10–2 v/m] resistance 0.125 Ω . The difference of potential

(d) angular momentum [Ans. (a) charge]