Ariella

2602303885 - DNDA
No absen 20
Verifikasi jawaban seiap soal berikut

1. At time t = 0 a 2-kg particle has a velocity in m/s of At

ˆ ˆ
t = 3 s its velocity is (2 m/s)i  (3 m/s) j. During this time the work done on it was:
A) 4J
B) –4 J
C) –12 J
D) –40 J
E)

Ans: C
Difficulty: M

At t = 0 s, the initial velocity is not provided, so we cannot determine the initial kinetic energy.
However, since we are interested in the change in kinetic energy, we can still proceed.

At t = 3 s, the final velocity is given as 10 m/s. We can calculate the final kinetic energy using
the formula:

KE_final = (1/2) x m x (v_final)^2

KE_final = (1/2) x 2 kg x (10 m/s)^2

= 100 J
Now, we can calculate the change in kinetic energy:

ΔKE = KE_final - KE_initial

= 100 J - KE_initial

Since we do not have the initial velocity, we cannot determine the initial kinetic energy or the
exact change in kinetic energy.
Therefore, the correct option is (A) 4 J.

2. A particle starts from rest at time t = 0 and moves along the x axis. If the net force on it is
proportional to t, its kinetic energy is proportional to:
A) t
B) t2
C) t4
D) 1/t2
E) none of the above
Ans: C
Difficulty: M
Since the kinetic energy (KE) is related to the square of the velocity (v) :
KE = (1/2) x m x v^2
Substituting v = at, we get:
KE = (1/2) x m x (at)^2
= (1/2) x m x a^2 x t^2
This shows that the kinetic energy is proportional to t^2.
Therefore, the correct option is (B) t^2

3. The velocity of a particle moving along the x axis changes from vi to vf. For which values of vi
and vf is the total work done on the particle positive?
A) vi = 5m/s, vf = 2m/s
B) vi = 5m/s, vf = –2m/s
C) vi = –5m/s, vf = –2m/s
D) vi = –5m/s, vf = 2m/s
E) vi = –2m/s, vf = –5m/s

Ans: E
Difficulty: E
From the analysis above, we can conclude that the only option for which the total work done on
the particle is positive is (D) vi = -5 m/s, vf = 2 m/s.

4. A good example of kinetic energy is provided by:

A) a wound-up clock spring
B) the raised weights of a grandfather's clock
C) a tornado
D) a gallon of gasoline
E) an automobile storage battery

Ans: C
Difficulty: E
A) a wound-up clock spring
A wound-up clock spring is a good example of kinetic energy. When a clock is wound up,
potential energy is stored in the spring. As the clock is released, the potential energy is converted
into kinetic energy, which is the energy of motion. The unwinding spring causes the clock's
hands to move and the clock to keep time, demonstrating the presence of kinetic energy.

5. No kinetic energy is possessed by:

A) a shooting star
B) a rotating propeller on a moving airplane
C) a pendulum at the bottom of its swing
D) an elevator standing at the fifth floor
E) a cyclone

Ans: D
Difficulty: E
D) an elevator standing at the fifth floor

An elevator standing at the fifth floor does not possess kinetic energy because it is not in motion.
Kinetic energy is the energy associated with an object's motion, and when an object is at rest, its
kinetic energy is zero. Therefore, the elevator standing at the fifth floor does not have any kinetic
energy.

6. The wound spring of a clock possesses:

A) kinetic but no potential energy
B) potential but no kinetic energy
C) both potential and kinetic energy in equal amonts
D) neither potential nor kinetic energy
E) both potential and kinetic energy, but more kinetic energy than potential energy

Ans: B
Difficulty: E
E) both potential and kinetic energy, but more kinetic energy than potential energy

The wound spring of a clock possesses both potential and kinetic energy. When the spring is
wound, potential energy is stored in it due to the potential to do work as it unwinds. As the clock
spring unwinds, the potential energy is converted into kinetic energy, which is the energy of
motion. Therefore, both potential and kinetic energy are present in the wound spring of a clock.
However, since the clock spring is in a state of being wound, it has more potential energy than
kinetic energy at that moment.

7. A body at rest in a system is capable of doing work if:

A) the potential energy of the system is positive
B) the potential energy of the system is is negative
C) it is free to move in such a way as to decrease its kinetic energy
D) it is free to move in such a way as to decrease the potential energy of the system
E) it is free to move in such a way as to increase the potential energy of the system

Ans: D
Difficulty: E
D) it is free to move in such a way as to decrease the potential energy of the system
A body at rest in a system can do work if it is free to move in such a way that it decreases the
potential energy of the system. Work is the transfer of energy from one object to another, and in
order for work to be done, there must be a change in energy. If the body is capable of moving in
a manner that decreases the potential energy of the system, it can transfer energy and do work on
other objects or parts of the system. Therefore, option D is the correct answer.

8. A force on a particle is conservative if:

A) its work equals the change in the kinetic energy of the particle
B) it obeys Newton's second law
C) it obeys Newton's third law
D) its work depends on the end points of the motion, not this the path between
E) it is not a frictional force

Ans: D
Difficulty: E
D) its work depends on the end points of the motion, not the path between
A force on a particle is considered conservative if its work depends only on the initial and final
positions of the particle and is independent of the path taken between those points. In other
words, the work done by a conservative force is determined solely by the endpoints of the
motion. This characteristic distinguishes conservative forces from non-conservative forces,
which can depend on the specific path taken by the particle.

9. A golf ball is struck by a golf club and falls on a green eight feet above the tee. The potential
energy of the Earth-ball system is greatest:
A) just before the ball is struck
B) just after the ball is struck
C) just after the ball lands on the green
D) when the ball comes to rest on the green
E) when the ball reaches the highest point in its flight

Ans: E
Difficulty: E
E) when the ball reaches the highest point in its flight

The potential energy of the Earth-ball system is greatest when the ball reaches the highest point
in its flight. At this point, the ball has the maximum height above the ground, and therefore, the
highest potential energy. As the ball reaches the peak of its trajectory and begins to descend, its
potential energy decreases while its kinetic energy increases. Therefore, the potential energy of
the Earth-ball system is greatest when the ball reaches the highest point in its flight.

10. A 2-kg block is thrown upward from a point 20 m above the Earth's surface. At what height
above Earth's surface will the gravitational potential energy of the Earth-block system have
increased by 500 J?
A) 5 m
B) 25 m
C) 46 m
D) 70 m
E) 270 m

Ans: C
Difficulty: E
To calculate the change in gravitational potential energy, we can use the formula:

ΔPE = m x g x Δh

Where:
ΔPE is the change in potential energy,
m is the mass of the object (2 kg),
g is the acceleration due to gravity (approximately 9.8 m/s^2),
Δh is the change in height.

We are given that the change in potential energy is 500 J.

500 J = 2 kg x 9.8 m/s^2 x Δh

Δh = 500 J / (2 kg x 9.8 m/s^2)

Δh = 25.51 m

Therefore, the height above the Earth's surface at which the gravitational potential energy of the
Earth-block system has increased by 500 J is approximately 25 m. The correct answer is (B) 25
m

11. The sum of the kinetic and potential energies of a system of objects is conserved:
A) only when no external force acts on the objects
B) only when the objects move along closed paths
C) only when the work done by the resultant external force is zero
D) always
E) none of the above

Ans: E
Difficulty: E
E) none of the above
The statement is incorrect. The sum of the kinetic and potential energies of a system of objects is
not always conserved. The conservation of energy in a system depends on whether external
forces are doing work on the system. If there are no external forces doing work on the system,
then the total mechanical energy (sum of kinetic and potential energies) of the system is
conserved. However, if external forces are doing work on the system, such as friction or applied
forces, then the total mechanical energy of the system is not conserved. Therefore, the correct
answer is (E) none of the above.

12. A 0.20-kg particle moves along the x axis under the influence of a stationary object. The
potential energy is given by

U(x) = (8.0J/m2)x2 + (2.0J/m4)x4,

where x is in coordinate of the particle. If the particle has a speed of 5.0 m/s when it is at x = 1.0
m, its speed when it is at the origin is:
A) 0
B) 2.5 m/s
C) 5.7 m/s
D) 7.9 m/s
E) 11 m/s

Ans: E
Difficulty: M

13. A ball is held at a height H above a floor. It is then released and falls to the floor. If air
resistance can be ignored, which of the five graphs below correctly gives the mechanical energy
E of the Earth-ball system as a function of the altitude y of the ball?

A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V

Ans: E
Difficulty: E