UNIVERSIDAD ESPECIALIZADA DE LAS AMERICAS-EXTENSION COCLÉ

GRAMMATICAL STRUCTURE OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE I

PROFESSOR BORIS PINTO
boris.pinto.6@udelas.ac.pa

Practice
Name: _______________________________________ Date: _________________
ID number: ___________________________________

I. Multiple Choice Choose the answer option that identifies the underlined word or words in the sentence.

▪ Our coach jumped for joy.

a. adjective
b. conjunction
c. preposition
d. verb

▪ Liam brought his book to class.

a. adverb
b. conjunction
c. noun
d. pronoun

▪ Fathers and sons enjoy taking long fishing trips to the lake.
a. adverb
b. conjunction
c. noun
d. preposition

▪ Your test scores were almost perfect.

a. adjective
b. adverb
c. noun
d. pronoun

▪ The storm uprooted the eight-foot tree.

a. adjective
b. conjunction
c. preposition
d. pronoun

• Ouch! You are hurting me.

a. conjunction
b. interjection
c. pronoun
d. verb
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▪ Nathan is finishing his chores early so he can enjoy the rest of the day.
a. conjunction
b. interjection
c. pronoun
d. verb

▪ Everyone was happy to see the young man return home safely.
a. conjunction
b. noun
c. pronoun
d. preposition

▪ Hey! Put that down!

a. adjective
b. adverb
c. interjection
d. noun

▪ The postman will deliver it to your house.

a. conjunction
b. interjection
c. pronoun
d. verb

▪ She wore a beautiful dress to the party.

a. adjective
b. adverb
c. interjection
d. noun

▪ Stewart can speak Arabic very well because he lived in Egypt for a year.
a. adverb
b. adjective
c. interjection
d. noun

▪ Your books are in your backpack.

a. pronoun
b. adjective
c. preposition
d. adverb

▪ Let's get some lunch before class.

a. conjunction
b. adjective
c. adverb
d. noun
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RULES

1. When the noun ends in S, SH, CH, X or Z*, we add -ES to the noun.

Singular Plural
• I have a box in my bedroom.
kiss kisses • I have three boxes in my bedroom.
wish wishes
match matches
fox foxes
quiz quizzes*

2. When the noun ends in a VOWEL + Y, we add -S to the noun.

Singular Plural

boy boys
holiday holidays
key keys
Guy Guys
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3. When the noun ends in a CONSONANT + Y, we remove Y and add -IES to the noun.

Singular Plural

party parties
lady ladies
story stories
nanny nannies
city cities

4. If the noun ends in F or FE, we remove the F/FE and add -VES to the noun.

Singular Plural

life lives
leaf leaves
thief thieves
wife wives

Some exceptions: roof - roofs, cliff - cliffs, chief - chiefs, belief - beliefs, chef – chefs

5. If the noun ends in a CONSONANT + O, we normally add -ES to the noun.

Singular Plural

tomato tomatoes

potato potatoes

echo echoes

hero heroes

Some exceptions: piano - pianos, halo - halos, photo - photos

NOTE: Volcano has two correct forms of plural. Both volcanos and volcanoes are accepted.
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6. There are a number of nouns that don't follow these rules. They are irregular and you need to learn them

individually because they don't normally have an S on the end.

Singular Plural

man men

woman women

child children

foot feet

tooth teeth

goose geese

mouse mice

• There is a child in the park.

• There are many children in the park.

7. There are some nouns in English that are the same in the singular and the plural.

Singular Plural

fish fish • I can see a sheep in the field.

sheep sheep • I can see ten sheep in the field.

Sometimes you will hear the word fishes (especially in songs)

deer deer
though it is grammatically incorrect.
moose moose

aircraft aircraft