SAT Suite Question Bank - Answers

Question ID 3a9d60b2
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear equations

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: 3a9d60b2
What is the positive solution to the given equation?
ID: 3a9d60b2 Answer

Correct Answer: 9
Rationale
The correct answer is 9. The given equation can be rewritten as 54 - 𝑥 = 25. Dividing each side of this equation by 5 yields
4 - 𝑥 = 5. By the definition of absolute value, if 4 - 𝑥 = 5, then 4 - 𝑥 = 5 or 4 - 𝑥 = - 5. Subtracting 4 from each side of the
equation 4 - 𝑥 = 5 yields -𝑥 = 1. Dividing each side of this equation by -1 yields 𝑥 = - 1. Similarly, subtracting 4 from each
side of the equation 4 - 𝑥 = - 5 yields -𝑥 = - 9. Dividing each side of this equation by -1 yields 𝑥 = 9. Therefore, since the two
solutions to the given equation are -1 and 9, the positive solution to the given equation is 9.
Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 91e7ea5e
SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear functions
ID: 91e7ea5e
The quadratic function h is defined as shown. In the xy-plane, the graph of

intersects the x-axis at the points and , where t is a constant.
What is the value of t ?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 4
D. 8
ID: 91e7ea5e Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. It’s given that the graph of intersects the x-axis at and , where t is a constant. Since
this graph intersects the x-axis when or when , it follows that and . If , then
. Adding 32 to both sides of this equation yields . Dividing both sides of this equation by 2
yields . Taking the square root of both sides of this equation yields . Adding 4 to both sides of this
equation yields . Therefore, the value of t is 8.
Choices A, B, and C are incorrect and may result from calculation errors.

Question ID fc3d783a

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: fc3d783a
In the -plane, a line with equation intersects a parabola at exactly one point. If the parabola has equation
, where is a positive constant, what is the value of ?
ID: fc3d783a Answer

Correct Answer: 6
Rationale
The correct answer is 6. It’s given that a line with equation 2𝑦 = 4 . 5 intersects a parabola with equation 𝑦 = - 4𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥,
where 𝑏 is a positive constant, at exactly one point in the xy-plane. It follows that the system of equations consisting of
2𝑦 = 4 . 5 and 𝑦 = - 4𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 has exactly one solution. Dividing both sides of the equation of the line by 2 yields 𝑦 = 2 . 25.
Substituting 2.25 for 𝑦 in the equation of the parabola yields 2 . 25 = - 4𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥. Adding 4𝑥2 and subtracting 𝑏𝑥 from both
sides of this equation yields 4𝑥2 - 𝑏𝑥 + 2 . 25 = 0. A quadratic equation in the form of 𝑎𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0, where 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐 are
constants, has exactly one solution when the discriminant, 𝑏2 - 4𝑎𝑐, is equal to zero. Substituting 4 for 𝑎 and 2.25 for 𝑐 in the
expression 𝑏2 - 4𝑎𝑐 and setting this expression equal to 0 yields 𝑏2 - 4 ( 4 ) ( 2 . 25 ) = 0, or 𝑏2 - 36 = 0. Adding 36 to each
side of this equation yields 𝑏2 = 36. Taking the square root of each side of this equation yields 𝑏 = ± 6. It’s given that 𝑏 is
positive, so the value of 𝑏 is 6.

Question ID 8490cc45
ID: 8490cc45
The function is defined by . What is the y-intercept of the graph of in the xy-plane?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 8490cc45 Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. The y-intercept of the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 in the xy-plane occurs at the point on the graph where 𝑥 = 0. In
other words, when 𝑥 = 0, the corresponding value of 𝑓𝑥 is the y-coordinate of the y-intercept. Substituting 0 for 𝑥 in the given
equation yields 𝑓0 = -820 + 22, which is equivalent to 𝑓0 = -81 + 22, or 𝑓0 = 14. Thus, when 𝑥 = 0, the corresponding value
of 𝑓𝑥 is 14. Therefore, the y-intercept of the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 in the xy-plane is 0, 14.
Choice B is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.
Choice C is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.
Choice D is incorrect. This could be the y-intercept for 𝑓𝑥 = -82𝑥 , not 𝑓𝑥 = -82𝑥 + 22.

Question ID ba0edc30

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: ba0edc30
One solution to the given equation can be written as , where is a constant. What is the value of ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: ba0edc30 Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. Adding 9 to each side of the given equation yields 𝑥2 - 2𝑥 = 9. To complete the square, adding 1 to each
side of this equation yields 𝑥2 - 2𝑥 + 1 = 9 + 1, or 𝑥 - 12 = 10. Taking the square root of each side of this equation yields
𝑥 - 1 = ± √10 . Adding 1 to each side of this equation yields 𝑥 = 1 ± √10 . Since it's given that one of the solutions to the
equation can be written as 1 + √𝑘 , the value of 𝑘 must be 10.
Alternate approach: It's given that 1 + √𝑘 is a solution to the given equation. It follows that 𝑥 = 1 + √𝑘 . Substituting 1 + √𝑘
2
for 𝑥 in the given equation yields 1 + √𝑘 - 21 + √𝑘 - 9 = 0, or 1 + √𝑘 1 + √𝑘 - 21 + √𝑘 - 9 = 0. Expanding the products on the
left-hand side of this equation yields 1 + 2√𝑘 + 𝑘 - 2 - 2√𝑘 - 9 = 0, or 𝑘 - 10 = 0. Adding 10 to each side of this equation
yields 𝑘 = 10.
Choice A is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.
Choice D is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Question ID a9084ca4
ID: a9084ca4
The given function models the number of advertisements a company sent to its clients each year, where represents the
number of years since , and . If is graphed in the xy-plane, which of the following is the best
interpretation of the y-intercept of the graph in this context?
A. The minimum estimated number of advertisements the company sent to its clients during the years was .
B. The minimum estimated number of advertisements the company sent to its clients during the years was .
C. The estimated number of advertisements the company sent to its clients in was .
D. The estimated number of advertisements the company sent to its clients in was .
ID: a9084ca4 Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. The y-intercept of a graph in the xy-plane is the point where 𝑥 = 0. For the given function 𝑓, the y-
𝑥
intercept of the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 in the xy-plane can be found by substituting 0 for 𝑥 in the equation 𝑦 = 9,0000.66 , which
0
gives 𝑦 = 9,0000.66 . This is equivalent to 𝑦 = 9,0001, or 𝑦 = 9,000. Therefore, the y-intercept of the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 is
0, 9,000. It’s given that the function 𝑓 models the number of advertisements a company sent to its clients each year.
Therefore, 𝑓𝑥 represents the estimated number of advertisements the company sent to its clients each year. It's also given
that 𝑥 represents the number of years since 1997. Therefore, 𝑥 = 0 represents 0 years since 1997, or 1997. Thus, the best
interpretation of the y-intercept of the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 is that the estimated number of advertisements the company sent to
its clients in 1997 was 9,000.

Question ID 2c6f214f
ID: 2c6f214f
The first term of a sequence is . Each term after the first is times the preceding term. If represents the th term of the
sequence, which equation gives in terms of ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 2c6f214f Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. Since 𝑤 represents the 𝑛th term of the sequence and 9 is the first term of the sequence, the value of 𝑤 is
9 when the value of 𝑛 is 1. Since each term after the first is 4 times the preceding term, the value of 𝑤 is 94 when the value of
2 𝑛-1
𝑛 is 2. Therefore, the value of 𝑤 is 944, or 94 , when the value of 𝑛 is 3. More generally, the value of 𝑤 is 94 for a given
𝑛-1
value of 𝑛. Therefore, the equation 𝑤 = 94 gives 𝑤 in terms of 𝑛.
Choice A is incorrect. This equation describes a sequence for which the first term is 36, rather than 9, and each term after
the first is 9, rather than 4, times the preceding term.
Choice B is incorrect. This equation describes a sequence for which the first term is 4, rather than 9, and each term after the
first is 9, rather than 4, times the preceding term.
Choice C is incorrect. This equation describes a sequence for which the first term is 36, rather than 9.

Question ID 4661e2a9

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: 4661e2a9
Which ordered pair is a solution to the

system of equations above?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 4661e2a9 Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. The solution to the given system of equations can be found by solving the first equation for x, which
gives , and substituting that value of x into the second equation which gives . Rewriting this
equation by adding like terms and expanding gives . Subtracting from both sides of this
equation gives . Adding to 2 to both sides of this equation gives . Therefore, it follows that .
Substituting for y in the first equation yields . Adding to both sides of this equation yields .
Therefore, the ordered pair is a solution to the given system of equations.
Choice B is incorrect. Substituting for x and for y in the first equation yields , or ,
which isn’t a true statement. Choice C is incorrect. Substituting for x and for y in the second equation yields
, or , which isn’t a true statement. Choice D is incorrect. Substituting
for x and for y in the second equation yields , or , which isn’t a

true statement.
Question ID 371cbf6b
SAT Math Advanced Math Equivalent

expressions
ID: 371cbf6b
The equation above is true for all x, where a and b are

constants. What is the value of ab ?
A. 18
B. 20
C. 24
D. 40
ID: 371cbf6b Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. If the equation is true for all x, then the expressions on both sides of the equation will be equivalent.
Multiplying the polynomials on the left-hand side of the equation gives . On the right-
hand side of the equation, the only -term is . Since the expressions on both sides of the equation are equivalent, it
follows that , which can be rewritten as . Therefore, , which

gives .
Choice A is incorrect. If , then the coefficient of on the left-hand side of the equation would be ,
which doesn’t equal the coefficient of , , on the right-hand side. Choice B is incorrect. If , then the coefficient
of on the left-hand side of the equation would be , which doesn’t equal the coefficient of , , on the
right-hand side. Choice D is incorrect. If , then the coefficient of on the left-hand side of the equation would be
, which doesn’t equal the coefficient of , , on the right-hand side.

Question ID c3b116d7

expressions
ID: c3b116d7
Which of the following expressions is(are) a factor of ?

I.
II.
A. I only
B. II only
C. I and II
D. Neither I nor II
ID: c3b116d7 Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. The given expression can be factored by first finding two values whose sum is 20 and whose product is
3-63, or -189. Those two values are 27 and -7. It follows that the given expression can be rewritten as 3𝑥2 + 27𝑥 - 7𝑥 - 63.
Since the first two terms of this expression have a common factor of 3𝑥 and the last two terms of this expression have a
common factor of -7, this expression can be rewritten as 3𝑥𝑥 + 9 - 7𝑥 + 9. Since the two terms of this expression have a
common factor of 𝑥 + 9, it can be rewritten as 3𝑥 - 7𝑥 + 9. Therefore, expression II, 3𝑥 - 7, is a factor of 3𝑥2 + 20𝑥 - 63, but
expression I, 𝑥 - 9, is not a factor of 3𝑥2 + 20𝑥 - 63.

Question ID 40c09d66

expressions
ID: 40c09d66
If for all positive values of x,
what is the value of ?
ID: 40c09d66 Answer
Rationale
The correct answer is . The value of can be found by first rewriting the left-hand side of the given equation as .
Using the properties of exponents, this expression can be rewritten as . This expression can be rewritten by
subtracting the fractions in the exponent, which yields . Thus, is . Note that 7/6, 1.166, and 1.167 are examples of
ways to enter a correct answer.

Question ID b8f13a3a
ID: b8f13a3a
Function is defined by , where and are constants. In the xy-plane, the graph of has a
y-intercept at . The product of and is . What is the value of ?
ID: b8f13a3a Answer

Correct Answer: 20
Rationale
The correct answer is 20. It’s given that 𝑓𝑥 = - 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏. Substituting -𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 for 𝑓𝑥 in the equation 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 - 12 yields
75 75
𝑦 = - 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 - 12. It’s given that the y-intercept of the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 - 12 is 0, - 7
. Substituting 0 for 𝑥 and - 7 for 𝑦 in the
75 75 75
equation 𝑦 = - 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 - 12 yields - 7 = - 𝑎0 + 𝑏 - 12, which is equivalent to - 7 = - 1 + 𝑏 - 12, or - 7 = 𝑏 - 13. Adding 13 to
16 320 320 16
both sides of this equation yields = 𝑏. It’s given that the product of 𝑎 and 𝑏 is , or 𝑎𝑏 = . Substituting for 𝑏 in this
7 7 7 7
16 320 16
equation yields 𝑎
7
=
7
. Dividing both sides of this equation by 7
yields 𝑎 = 20.

Question ID f65288e8

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: f65288e8
If x is a solution to the given equation, which of the

following is a possible value of ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: f65288e8 Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. The given equation can be rewritten as . Multiplying both sides of this equation by
yields . Dividing both sides of this equation by 4 yields . Taking the square root of both sides of
this equation yields or . Therefore, a possible value of is .

Choices B, C, and D are incorrect and may result from computational or conceptual errors.

Question ID 7902bed0
ID: 7902bed0
A machine launches a softball from ground level. The softball reaches a maximum height of meters above the ground
at seconds and hits the ground at seconds. Which equation represents the height above ground , in meters, of the
softball seconds after it is launched?
A.
B.
C. msup
D. msup
ID: 7902bed0 Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. An equation representing the height above ground ℎ, in meters, of a softball 𝑡 seconds after it is
2
launched by a machine from ground level can be written in the form ℎ = - 𝑎𝑡 - 𝑏 + 𝑐, where 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐 are positive constants.
In this equation, 𝑏 represents the time, in seconds, at which the softball reaches its maximum height of 𝑐 meters above the
ground. It's given that this softball reaches a maximum height of 51.84 meters above the ground at 1.8 seconds; therefore,
2 2
𝑏 = 1.8 and 𝑐 = 51.84. Substituting 1.8 for 𝑏 and 51.84 for 𝑐 in the equation ℎ = - 𝑎𝑡 - 𝑏 + 𝑐 yields ℎ = - 𝑎𝑡 - 1.8 + 51.84. It's
also given that this softball hits the ground at 3.6 seconds; therefore, ℎ = 0 when 𝑡 = 3.6. Substituting 0 for ℎ and 3.6 for 𝑡 in
2 2 2
the equation ℎ = - 𝑎𝑡 - 1.8 + 51.84 yields 0 = - 𝑎3.6 - 1.8 + 51.84, which is equivalent to 0 = - 𝑎1.8 + 51.84, or
0 = - 3.24𝑎 + 51.84. Adding 3.24𝑎 to both sides of this equation yields 3.24𝑎 = 51.84. Dividing both sides of this equation by
2 2
3.24 yields 𝑎 = 16. Substituting 16 for 𝑎 in the equation ℎ = - 𝑎𝑡 - 1.8 + 51.84 yields ℎ = - 16𝑡 - 1.8 + 51.84. Therefore,
2
ℎ = - 16𝑡 - 1.8 + 51.84 represents the height above ground ℎ, in meters, of this softball 𝑡 seconds after it is launched.
Choice A is incorrect. This equation represents a situation where the maximum height is 3.6 meters above the ground at 0
seconds, not 51.84 meters above the ground at 1.8 seconds.
Choice B is incorrect. This equation represents a situation where the maximum height is 51.84 meters above the ground at 0
seconds, not 1.8 seconds.

Question ID 4a0d0399
ID: 4a0d0399
The function is defined by , where and are constants. In the -plane, the graph of has an -
intercept at and a -intercept at . What is the value of ?
ID: 4a0d0399 Answer

Correct Answer: -324
Rationale
The correct answer is -324. It's given that the function 𝑓 is defined by 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏, where 𝑎 and 𝑏 are constants. It's also
given that the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 has a y-intercept at 0, - 323. It follows that 𝑓0 = - 323. Substituting 0 for 𝑥 and -323 for 𝑓𝑥 in
𝑓𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 yields -323 = 𝑎0 + 𝑏, or -323 = 1 + 𝑏. Subtracting 1 from each side of this equation yields -324 = 𝑏. Therefore,
the value of 𝑏 is -324.

Question ID f2f3fa00

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: f2f3fa00
During a 5-second time interval, the average acceleration a, in meters per second
squared, of an object with an initial velocity of 12 meters per second is defined by
the equation , where vf is the final velocity of the object in

meters per second. If the equation is rewritten in the form vf = xa + y, where x and y
are constants, what is the value of x ?
ID: f2f3fa00 Answer
Rationale
The correct answer is 5. The given equation can be rewritten in the form , like so:
It follows that the value of x is 5 and the value of y is 12.

Question ID 9654add7
ID: 9654add7
The revenue , in dollars, that a company receives from sales of a product is

given by the function f above, where x is the unit price, in dollars, of the product.
The graph of in the xy-plane intersects the x-axis at 0 and a. What does a
represent?
A. The revenue, in dollars, when the unit price of the product is $0
B. The unit price, in dollars, of the product that will result in maximum revenue
C. The unit price, in dollars, of the product that will result in a revenue of $0
D. The maximum revenue, in dollars, that the company can make
ID: 9654add7 Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. By definition, the y-value when a function intersects the x-axis is 0. It’s given that the graph of the
function intersects the x-axis at 0 and a, that x is the unit price, in dollars, of a product, and that , where , is the
revenue, in dollars, that a company receives from the sales of the product. Since the value of a occurs when , a is the
unit price, in dollars, of the product that will result in a revenue of $0.
Choice A is incorrect. The revenue, in dollars, when the unit price of the product is $0 is represented by , when .
Choice B is incorrect. The unit price, in dollars, of the product that will result in maximum revenue is represented by the x-
coordinate of the maximum of f. Choice D is incorrect. The maximum revenue, in dollars, that the company can make is
represented by the y-coordinate of the maximum of f.

Question ID 34847f8a

expressions
ID: 34847f8a
The equation above is true for all , where r and t are positive
constants. What is the value of rt ?
A.
B. 15
C. 20
D. 60
ID: 34847f8a Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. To express the sum of the two rational expressions on the left-hand side of the equation as the single
rational expression on the right-hand side of the equation, the expressions on the left-hand side must have the same
denominator. Multiplying the first expression by results in , and multiplying the second expression by
results in , so the given equation can be rewritten as
, or . Since the two

rational expressions on the left-hand side of the equation have the same denominator as the rational expression on the right-
hand side of the equation, it follows that . Combining like terms on the left-hand side yields
, so it follows that and . Therefore, the value of is .
Choice A is incorrect and may result from an error when determining the sign of either r or t. Choice B is incorrect and may
result from not distributing the 2 and 3 to their respective terms in .

Choice D is incorrect and may result from a calculation error.

Question ID 263f9937
ID: 263f9937
Growth of a Culture of Bacteria
Number of bacteria per
Day
milliliter at end of day
A culture of bacteria is growing at an exponential rate, as shown in the table above.

At this rate, on which day would the number of bacteria per milliliter reach
?
A. Day 5
B. Day 9
C. Day 11
D. Day 12
ID: 263f9937 Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. The number of bacteria per milliliter is doubling each day. For example, from day 1 to day 2, the number
of bacteria increased from 2.5 × 105 to 5.0 × 105. At the end of day 3 there are 106 bacteria per milliliter. At the end of day 4,
there will be 106 × 2 bacteria per milliliter. At the end of day 5, there will be (106 × 2) × 2, or 106 × (22) bacteria per milliliter,
and so on. At the end of day d, the number of bacteria will be 106 × (2d – 3). If the number of bacteria per milliliter will reach
5.12 × 108 at the end of day d, then the equation must hold. Since 5.12 × 108 can be rewritten
as 512 × 106, the equation is equivalent to . Rewriting 512 as 29 gives d – 3 = 9, so d = 12. The number of
bacteria per milliliter would reach 5.12 × 108 at the end of day 12.
Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Given the growth rate of the bacteria, the number of bacteria will not reach 5.12 × 108 per
milliliter by the end of any of these days.

Question ID 137cc6fd

expressions
ID: 137cc6fd
For what value of is the given expression equivalent to , where ?
ID: 137cc6fd Answer

Correct Answer: .0177, .0178, 4/225
Rationale
1
4
The correct answer is . An expression of the form 𝑘√𝑎 , where 𝑘 is an integer greater than 1 and 𝑎 ≥ 0, is equivalent to 𝑎 𝑘 .
225
1 12
Therefore, the given expression, where 𝑛 > 1, is equivalent to 70𝑛 5 70𝑛 6 . Applying properties of exponents, this expression
1 1 1 1 1 1 8
can be rewritten as 70𝑛 5 70𝑛 6 · 2 , or 70𝑛 5 70𝑛 3 , which can be rewritten as 70𝑛 5 + 3 , or 70𝑛 15 . It's given that the expression
2 8
5 6 30𝑥 30𝑥 8
√70𝑛 √70𝑛 is equivalent to 70𝑛 , where 𝑛 > 1. It follows that 70𝑛 15 is equivalent to 70𝑛 . Therefore, 15 = 30𝑥. Dividing
8 4
both sides of this equation by 30 yields = 𝑥, or = 𝑥. Thus, the value of 𝑥 for which the given expression is equivalent
450 225
30𝑥 4
to 70𝑛 , where 𝑛 > 1, is 225
. Note that 4/225, .0177, .0178, 0.017, and 0.018 are examples of ways to enter a correct
answer.

Question ID 6ce95fc8

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: 6ce95fc8
Which of the following is a solution to

the equation above?
A. 2
B.
C.
D.
ID: 6ce95fc8 Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. A quadratic equation in the form , where a, b, and c are constants, can be solved
using the quadratic formula: . Subtracting from both sides of the given equation yields
. Applying the quadratic formula, where , , and , yields
. This can be rewritten as . Since , or , the
equation can be rewritten as . Dividing 2 from both the numerator and denominator yields or
. Of these two solutions, only is present among the choices. Thus, the correct choice is D.
Choice A is incorrect and may result from a computational or conceptual error. Choice B is incorrect and may result from
using instead of as the quadratic formula. Choice C is incorrect and may
result from rewriting as instead of .

Question ID 4dd4efcf
ID: 4dd4efcf
In the given quadratic function, and are constants. The graph of in the xy-plane is a parabola that opens
upward and has a vertex at the point , where and are constants. If and , which of the
following must be true?
I.
II.
A. I only
B. II only
C. I and II
D. Neither I nor II
ID: 4dd4efcf Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. It's given that the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 in the xy-plane is a parabola with vertex ℎ, 𝑘. If 𝑓-9 = 𝑓3, then for the
graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥, the point with an x-coordinate of -9 and the point with an x-coordinate of 3 have the same y-coordinate. In
the xy-plane, a parabola is a symmetric graph such that when two points have the same y-coordinate, these points are
equidistant from the vertex, and the x-coordinate of the vertex is halfway between the x-coordinates of these two points.
Therefore, for the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥, the points with x-coordinates -9 and 3 are equidistant from the vertex, ℎ, 𝑘, and ℎ is
-9 + 3
halfway between -9 and 3. The value that is halfway between -9 and 3 is 2 , or -3. Therefore, ℎ = - 3. The equation defining
𝑓 can also be written in vertex form, 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥 - ℎ2 + 𝑘. Substituting -3 for ℎ in this equation yields 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥 - -32 + 𝑘, or
2
𝑓𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥 + 3 + 𝑘. This equation is equivalent to 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥2 + 6𝑥 + 9 + 𝑘, or 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥2 + 6𝑎𝑥 + 9𝑎 + 𝑘. Since 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥2 + 4𝑥 + 𝑐,
4 2 2
it follows that 6𝑎 = 4 and 9𝑎 + 𝑘 = 𝑐. Dividing both sides of the equation 6𝑎 = 4 by 6 yields 𝑎 = , or 𝑎 = . Since < 1, it's
6 3 3
2 2
not true that 𝑎 ≥ 1. Therefore, statement II isn't true. Substituting for 𝑎 in the equation 9𝑎 + 𝑘 = 𝑐 yields 9 + 𝑘 = 𝑐, or
3 3
6 + 𝑘 = 𝑐. Subtracting 6 from both sides of this equation yields 𝑘 = 𝑐 - 6. If 𝑘 < 0, then 𝑐 - 6 < 0, or 𝑐 < 6. Since 𝑐 could be any
value less than 6, it's not necessarily true that 𝑐 < 0. Therefore, statement I isn't necessarily true. Thus, neither I nor II must
be true.

Question ID f5aa5040

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: f5aa5040
In the xy-plane, a line with equation for some constant intersects a parabola at exactly one point. If the parabola
has equation , what is the value of ?
ID: f5aa5040 Answer

Correct Answer: 20.25, 81/4
Rationale
81 𝑐
The correct answer is 4
. The given linear equation is 2𝑦 = 𝑐. Dividing both sides of this equation by 2 yields 𝑦 = 2 .
𝑐 𝑐
Substituting for 𝑦 in the equation of the parabola yields = - 2𝑥2 + 9𝑥. Adding 2𝑥2 and -9𝑥 to both sides of this equation
2 2
𝑐
yields 2𝑥2 - 9𝑥 + 2 = 0. Since it’s given that the line and the parabola intersect at exactly one point, the equation
𝑐
2𝑥2 - 9𝑥 + = 0 must have exactly one solution. An equation of the form 𝐴𝑥2 + 𝐵𝑥 + 𝐶 = 0, where 𝐴, 𝐵, and 𝐶 are constants,
2
2 𝑐
has exactly one solution when the discriminant, 𝐵 - 4𝐴𝐶, is equal to 0. In the equation 2𝑥2 - 9𝑥 + 2 = 0, where 𝐴 = 2, 𝐵 = - 9,
𝑐 𝑐 𝑐
and 𝐶 = , the discriminant is -92 - 42 . Setting the discriminant equal to 0 yields -92 - 42 = 0, or 81 - 4𝑐 = 0. Adding 4𝑐 to
2 2 2
81
both sides of this equation yields 81 = 4𝑐. Dividing both sides of this equation by 4 yields 𝑐 = 4
. Note that 81/4 and 20.25
are examples of ways to enter a correct answer.

Question ID 841ef26c
ID: 841ef26c
The function is defined by . For what value of does reach its minimum?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 841ef26c Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
2
Choice A is correct. It's given that 𝑔𝑥 = 𝑓𝑥 + 5. Since 𝑓𝑥 = 4𝑥2 + 64𝑥 + 262, it follows that 𝑓𝑥 + 5 = 4𝑥 + 5 + 64𝑥 + 5 + 262.
2
Expanding the quantity 𝑥 + 5 in this equation yields 𝑓𝑥 + 5 = 4𝑥2 + 10𝑥 + 25 + 64𝑥 + 5 + 262. Distributing the 4 and the 64
yields 𝑓𝑥 + 5 = 4𝑥2 + 40𝑥 + 100 + 64𝑥 + 320 + 262. Combining like terms yields 𝑓𝑥 + 5 = 4𝑥2 + 104𝑥 + 682. Therefore,
2
𝑔𝑥 = 4𝑥2 + 104𝑥 + 682. For a quadratic function defined by an equation of the form 𝑔𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥 - ℎ + 𝑘, where 𝑎, ℎ, and 𝑘 are
constants and 𝑎 is positive, 𝑔𝑥 reaches its minimum, 𝑘, when the value of 𝑥 is ℎ. The equation 𝑔𝑥 = 4𝑥2 + 104𝑥 + 682 can be
rewritten in this form by completing the square. This equation is equivalent to 𝑔𝑥 = 4𝑥2 + 26 + 682, or
2
𝑔𝑥 = 4𝑥2 + 26𝑥 + 169 - 169 + 682. This equation can be rewritten as 𝑔𝑥 = 4𝑥 + 13 - 169 + 682, or
𝑔𝑥 = 4𝑥 + 132 - 4169 + 682, which is equivalent to 𝑔𝑥 = 4𝑥 + 132 + 6. This equation is in the form 𝑔𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥 - ℎ2 + 𝑘, where
𝑎 = 4, ℎ = - 13, and 𝑘 = 6. Therefore, 𝑔𝑥 reaches its minimum when the value of 𝑥 is -13.
Choice B is incorrect. This is the value of 𝑥 for which 𝑓𝑥, rather than 𝑔𝑥, reaches its minimum.
Choice D is incorrect. This is the value of 𝑥 for which 𝑓𝑥 - 5, rather than 𝑓𝑥 + 5, reaches its minimum.

Question ID ea6d05bb

expressions
ID: ea6d05bb
The expression is equivalent to the expression , where , , and are constants. What
is the value of ?
ID: ea6d05bb Answer

Rationale
The correct answer is -419. It's given that the expression 3𝑥 - 2319𝑥 + 6 is equivalent to the expression 𝑎𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐, where 𝑎,
𝑏, and 𝑐 are constants. Applying the distributive property to the given expression, 3𝑥 - 2319𝑥 + 6, yields
3𝑥19𝑥 + 3𝑥6 - 2319𝑥 - 236, which can be rewritten as 57𝑥2 + 18𝑥 - 437𝑥 - 138. Combining like terms yields 57𝑥2 - 419𝑥 - 138.
Since this expression is equivalent to 𝑎𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐, it follows that the value of 𝑏 is -419.


expressions
ID: 433184f1
Which expression is equivalent to ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 433184f1 Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
4 1 4 -1
Choice D is correct. The expression 4𝑥 - 5
-
𝑥+1
can be rewritten as 4𝑥 - 5
+
𝑥+1
. To add the two terms of this expression, the
𝑥+1 4 𝑥 + 14
terms can be rewritten with a common denominator. Since 𝑥+1
= 1, the expression 4𝑥 - 5
can be rewritten as 𝑥 + 14𝑥 - 5
. Since
4𝑥 - 5 -1 4𝑥 - 5-1 4 -1
4𝑥 - 5
= 1, the expression 𝑥+1
can be rewritten as 4𝑥 - 5𝑥 + 1 . Therefore, the expression 4𝑥 - 5 + 𝑥 + 1 can be rewritten as
𝑥 + 14 4𝑥 - 5-1 𝑥 + 14 + 4𝑥 - 5-1
+ , which is equivalent to . Applying the distributive property to each term of the numerator
𝑥 + 14𝑥 - 5 4𝑥 - 5𝑥 + 1 𝑥 + 14𝑥 - 5
4𝑥 + 4 + -4𝑥 + 5 4𝑥 + -4𝑥 + 4 + 5 9
yields 𝑥 + 14𝑥 - 5 , or 𝑥 + 14𝑥 - 5
. Adding like terms in the numerator yields 𝑥 + 14𝑥 - 5
.

Question ID d135f4bf
ID: d135f4bf
The function is defined by . In the xy-plane, the graph of is the result of

translating the graph of up units. What is the value of ?
ID: d135f4bf Answer

Correct Answer: 76
Rationale
The correct answer is 76. It's given that the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑔𝑥 is the result of translating the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 up 4 units in the
xy-plane. It follows that the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑔𝑥 is the same as the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 + 4. Substituting 𝑔𝑥 for 𝑦 in the equation
𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 + 4 yields 𝑔𝑥 = 𝑓𝑥 + 4. It's given that 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑥 - 6𝑥 - 2𝑥 + 6. Substituting 𝑥 - 6𝑥 - 2𝑥 + 6 for 𝑓𝑥 in the equation
𝑔𝑥 = 𝑓𝑥 + 4 yields 𝑔𝑥 = 𝑥 - 6𝑥 - 2𝑥 + 6 + 4. Substituting 0 for 𝑥 in this equation yields 𝑔0 = 0 - 60 - 20 + 6 + 4, or 𝑔0 = 76.
Thus, the value of 𝑔0 is 76.

Question ID d8789a4c

expressions
ID: d8789a4c
In the expression above, b and c are positive integers. If the expression is

equivalent to and , which of the following could be the value of c ?
A. 4
B. 6
C. 8
D. 10
ID: d8789a4c Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. If the given expression is equivalent to , then , where x isn’t equal to b. Multiplying
both sides of this equation by yields . Since the right-hand side of this equation is in factored
form for the difference of squares, the value of c must be a perfect square. Only choice A gives a perfect square for the value
of c.
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. None of these values of c produces a difference of squares. For example, when 6 is
substituted for c in the given expression, the result is . The expression can’t be factored with integer values,
and therefore isn’t equivalent to .

Question ID d0a53ef5

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: d0a53ef5
What is the smallest solution to the given equation?
ID: d0a53ef5 Answer

Correct Answer: -3
Rationale
The correct answer is -3. Squaring both sides of the given equation yields 𝑥 - 22 = 3𝑥 + 34, which can be rewritten as
𝑥2 - 4𝑥 + 4 = 3𝑥 + 34. Subtracting 3𝑥 and 34 from both sides of this equation yields 𝑥2 - 7𝑥 - 30 = 0. This quadratic equation
can be rewritten as 𝑥 - 10𝑥 + 3 = 0. According to the zero product property, 𝑥 - 10𝑥 + 3 equals zero when either 𝑥 - 10 = 0 or
𝑥 + 3 = 0. Solving each of these equations for 𝑥 yields 𝑥 = 10 or 𝑥 = - 3. Therefore, the given equation has two solutions, 10
and -3. Of these two solutions, -3 is the smallest solution to the given equation.

Question ID 271ffad7
ID: 271ffad7
A quadratic function models a projectile's height, in meters, above the ground in terms of the time, in seconds, after it was
launched. The model estimates that the projectile was launched from an initial height of meters above the ground and
reached a maximum height of meters above the ground seconds after the launch. How many seconds after the
launch does the model estimate that the projectile will return to a height of meters?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 271ffad7 Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. It's given that a quadratic function models the projectile's height, in meters, above the ground in terms of
the time, in seconds, after it was launched. It follows that an equation representing the model can be written in the form
2
𝑓𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥 - ℎ + 𝑘, where 𝑓𝑥 is the projectile's estimated height above the ground, in meters, 𝑥 seconds after the launch, 𝑎 is a
constant, and 𝑘 is the maximum height above the ground, in meters, the model estimates the projectile reached ℎ seconds
after the launch. It's given that the model estimates the projectile reached a maximum height of 51.1 meters above the
ground 3 seconds after the launch. Therefore, 𝑘 = 51.1 and ℎ = 3. Substituting 51.1 for 𝑘 and 3 for ℎ in the equation
𝑓𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥 - ℎ2 + 𝑘 yields 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥 - 32 + 51.1. It's also given that the model estimates that the projectile was launched from an
initial height of 7 meters above the ground. Therefore, when 𝑥 = 0, 𝑓𝑥 = 7. Substituting 0 for 𝑥 and 7 for 𝑓𝑥 in the equation
2 2
𝑓𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥 - 3 + 51.1 yields 7 = 𝑎0 - 3 + 51.1, or 7 = 9𝑎 + 51.1. Subtracting 51.1 from both sides of this equation yields
-44.1 = 9𝑎. Dividing both sides of this equation by 9 yields -4.9 = 𝑎. Substituting -4.9 for 𝑎 in the equation 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥 - 32 + 51.1
2 2
yields 𝑓𝑥 = - 4.9𝑥 - 3 + 51.1. Therefore, the equation 𝑓𝑥 = - 4.9𝑥 - 3 + 51.1 models the projectile's height, in meters, above
the ground 𝑥 seconds after it was launched. The number of seconds after the launch that the model estimates that the
projectile will return to a height of 7 meters is the value of 𝑥 when 𝑓𝑥 = 7. Substituting 7 for 𝑓𝑥 in 𝑓𝑥 = - 4.9𝑥 - 32 + 51.1
2 2
yields 7 = - 4.9𝑥 - 3 + 51.1. Subtracting 51.1 from both sides of this equation yields -44.1 = - 4.9𝑥 - 3 . Dividing both sides
of this equation by -4.9 yields 9 = 𝑥 - 32 . Taking the square root of both sides of this equation yields two equations: 3 = 𝑥 - 3
and -3 = 𝑥 - 3. Adding 3 to both sides of the equation 3 = 𝑥 - 3 yields 6 = 𝑥. Adding 3 to both sides of the equation -3 = 𝑥 - 3
yields 0 = 𝑥. Since 0 seconds after the launch represents the time at which the projectile was launched, 6 must be the
number of seconds the model estimates that the projectile will return to a height of 7 meters.
Alternate approach: It's given that a quadratic function models the projectile's height, in meters, above the ground in terms of
the time, in seconds, after it was launched. It's also given that the model estimates that the projectile was launched from an
initial height of 7 meters above the ground and reached a maximum height of 51.1 meters above the ground 3 seconds after
the launch. Since the model is quadratic, and quadratic functions are symmetric, the model estimates that for any given
height less than the maximum height, the time the projectile takes to travel from the given height to the maximum height is
the same as the time the projectile takes to travel from the maximum height back to the given height. Thus, since the model
estimates the projectile took 3 seconds to travel from 7 meters above the ground to its maximum height of 51.1 meters
above the ground, the model also estimates the projectile will take 3 more seconds to travel from its maximum height of 51.1
meters above the ground back to 7 meters above the ground. Thus, the model estimates that the projectile will return to a
height of 7 meters 3 seconds after it reaches its maximum height, which is 6 seconds after the launch.
Choice A is incorrect. The model estimates that 3 seconds after the launch, the projectile reached a height of 51.1 meters,
not 7 meters.

Question ID ee857afb
ID: ee857afb
The given equation relates the variables and . For what value of does the value of reach its minimum?
ID: ee857afb Answer

Correct Answer: 7
Rationale
The correct answer is 7. When an equation is of the form 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐, where 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐 are constants, the value of 𝑦
𝑏
reaches its minimum when 𝑥 = - 2𝑎 . Since the given equation is of the form 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐, it follows that 𝑎 = 1, 𝑏 = - 14,
-14
and 𝑐 = 22. Therefore, the value of 𝑦 reaches its minimum when 𝑥 = - 21
, or 𝑥 = 7.

Question ID 2c05d312

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: 2c05d312
In the given equation, and are positive constants. The product of the solutions to the given equation is , where is a
constant. What is the value of ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 2c05d312 Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. The left-hand side of the given equation is the expression 57𝑥2 + 57𝑏 + 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑎𝑏. Applying the distributive
property to this expression yields 57𝑥2 + 57𝑏𝑥 + 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑎𝑏. Since the first two terms of this expression have a common factor
of 57𝑥 and the last two terms of this expression have a common factor of 𝑎, this expression can be rewritten as
57𝑥𝑥 + 𝑏 + 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏. Since the two terms of this expression have a common factor of 𝑥 + 𝑏, it can be rewritten as 𝑥 + 𝑏57𝑥 + 𝑎
. Therefore, the given equation can be rewritten as 𝑥 + 𝑏57𝑥 + 𝑎 = 0. By the zero product property, it follows that 𝑥 + 𝑏 = 0 or
57𝑥 + 𝑎 = 0. Subtracting 𝑏 from both sides of the equation 𝑥 + 𝑏 = 0 yields 𝑥 = - 𝑏. Subtracting 𝑎 from both sides of the
-𝑎
equation 57𝑥 + 𝑎 = 0 yields 57𝑥 = - 𝑎. Dividing both sides of this equation by 57 yields 𝑥 = 57
. Therefore, the solutions to the
-𝑎 -𝑎 𝑎𝑏
given equation are -𝑏 and 57
. It follows that the product of the solutions of the given equation is -𝑏 57 , or 57
. It’s given that the
𝑎𝑏 1
product of the solutions of the given equation is 𝑘𝑎𝑏. It follows that 57
= 𝑘𝑎𝑏, which can also be written as 𝑎𝑏 57 = 𝑎𝑏𝑘. It’s
1 1
given that 𝑎 and 𝑏 are positive constants. Therefore, dividing both sides of the equation 𝑎𝑏 = 𝑎𝑏𝑘 by 𝑎𝑏 yields = 𝑘. Thus,
57 57
1
the value of 𝑘 is 57
.

Question ID 1fe32f7d

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: 1fe32f7d
In the given equation, is a positive integer. The equation has no real solution. What is the greatest possible value of ?
ID: 1fe32f7d Answer

Correct Answer: 51
Rationale
The correct answer is 51. A quadratic equation of the form 𝑎𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0, where 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐 are constants, has no real
2
solution if and only if its discriminant, -4𝑎𝑐 + 𝑏 , is negative. In the given equation, 𝑎 = - 1 and 𝑐 = - 676. Substituting -1 for 𝑎
and -676 for 𝑐 in this expression yields a discriminant of 𝑏2 - 4-1-676, or 𝑏2 - 2,704. Since this value must be negative,
𝑏2 - 2,704 < 0, or 𝑏2 < 2,704. Taking the positive square root of each side of this inequality yields 𝑏 < 52. Since 𝑏 is a positive
integer, and the greatest integer less than 52 is 51, the greatest possible value of 𝑏 is 51.

Question ID a45ffacb
ID: a45ffacb
Function is defined by , where and are constants. In the xy-plane, the graph of has a
y-intercept at . The product of and is . What is the value of ?
ID: a45ffacb Answer

Correct Answer: 5
Rationale
The correct answer is 5. It’s given that 𝑓𝑥 = - 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏. Substituting -𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 for 𝑓𝑥 in the equation 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 - 15 yields
99 99
𝑦 = - 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 - 15. It’s given that the y-intercept of the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 - 15 is 0, - . Substituting 0 for 𝑥 and - for 𝑦 in the
7 7
99 99 99
equation 𝑦 = - 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 - 15 yields - 7 = - 𝑎0 + 𝑏 - 15, which is equivalent to - 7 = - 1 + 𝑏 - 15, or - 7 = 𝑏 - 16. Adding 16 to
13 65 65 13
both sides of this equation yields = 𝑏. It’s given that the product of 𝑎 and 𝑏 is , or 𝑎𝑏 = . Substituting for 𝑏 in this
7 7 7 7
13 65 13
equation yields 𝑎7 = 7
. Dividing both sides of this equation by 7
yields 𝑎 = 5.

Question ID 18e35375
ID: 18e35375
The function is defined by the given equation. For what value of does reach its minimum?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 18e35375 Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. It's given that 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑥 - 14𝑥 + 19, which can be rewritten as 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑥2 + 5𝑥 - 266. Since the coefficient of the
𝑥2 -term is positive, the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 in the xy-plane opens upward and reaches its minimum value at its vertex. The x-
coordinate of the vertex is the value of 𝑥 such that 𝑓𝑥 reaches its minimum. For an equation in the form 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐,
𝑏
where 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐 are constants, the x-coordinate of the vertex is - . For the equation 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑥2 + 5𝑥 - 266, 𝑎 = 1, 𝑏 = 5, and
2𝑎
5 5
𝑐 = - 266. It follows that the x-coordinate of the vertex is - 21 , or - 2 . Therefore, 𝑓𝑥 reaches its minimum when the value of 𝑥 is
5
-2.
Alternate approach: The value of 𝑥 for the vertex of a parabola is the x-value of the midpoint between the two x-intercepts of
the parabola. Since it’s given that 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑥 - 14𝑥 + 19, it follows that the two x-intercepts of the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 in the xy-plane
occur when 𝑥 = 14 and 𝑥 = - 19, or at the points 14, 0 and -19, 0. The midpoint between two points, 𝑥1 , 𝑦1 and 𝑥2 , 𝑦2 , is
𝑥1 + 𝑥2 𝑦1 + 𝑦2 14 + -19 0 + 0 5
, . Therefore, the midpoint between 14, 0 and -19, 0 is , , or - , 0. It follows that 𝑓𝑥 reaches its minimum
2 2 2 2 2
5
when the value of 𝑥 is - 2 .
Choice A is incorrect. This is the y-coordinate of the y-intercept of the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 in the xy-plane.
Choice B is incorrect. This is one of the x-coordinates of the x-intercepts of the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 in the xy-plane.

Question ID c303ad23

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: c303ad23
If , what is the value of ?
ID: c303ad23 Answer

Correct Answer: 5
Rationale
The correct answer is 5. Dividing each side of the given equation by 3 yields 𝑥2 - 6𝑥 - 5 = 0. Adding 5 to each side of this
equation yields 𝑥2 - 6𝑥 = 5. Therefore, if 3𝑥2 - 18𝑥 - 15 = 0, the value of 𝑥2 - 6𝑥 is 5.

Question ID 7bd10ef3

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: 7bd10ef3
In the equation above, t is a constant. If the equation has no real solutions, which
of the following could be the value of t ?
A.
B.
C. 1
D. 3
ID: 7bd10ef3 Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. The number of solutions to any quadratic equation in the form , where a, b, and c are
constants, can be found by evaluating the expression , which is called the discriminant. If the value of is a
positive number, then there will be exactly two real solutions to the equation. If the value of is zero, then there will
be exactly one real solution to the equation. Finally, if the value of is negative, then there will be no real solutions to
the equation.
The given equation is a quadratic equation in one variable, where t is a constant. Subtracting t from both sides
of the equation gives . In this form, , , and . The values of t for which the equation has
no real solutions are the same values of t for which the discriminant of this equation is a negative value. The discriminant is
equal to ; therefore, . Simplifying the left side of the inequality gives .
Subtracting 16 from both sides of the inequality and then dividing both sides by 8 gives . Of the values given in the
options, is the only value that is less than . Therefore, choice A must be the correct answer.
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect and may result from a misconception about how to use the discriminant to determine the
number of solutions of a quadratic equation in one variable.
Question ID 03ff48d2

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: 03ff48d2
In the given equation, is an integer constant. If the equation has no real solution, what is the least possible value of ?
ID: 03ff48d2 Answer

Correct Answer: 50
Rationale
The correct answer is 50. An equation of the form 𝑎𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0, where 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐 are constants, has no real solutions if
and only if its discriminant, 𝑏2 - 4𝑎𝑐, is negative. Applying the distributive property to the left-hand side of the equation
𝑥𝑘𝑥 - 56 = - 16 yields 𝑘𝑥2 - 56𝑥 = - 16. Adding 16 to each side of this equation yields 𝑘𝑥2 - 56𝑥 + 16 = 0. Substituting 𝑘 for 𝑎,
2 2
-56 for 𝑏, and 16 for 𝑐 in 𝑏 - 4𝑎𝑐 yields a discriminant of -56 - 4𝑘16, or 3,136 - 64𝑘. If the given equation has no real solution,
it follows that the value of 3,136 - 64𝑘 must be negative. Therefore, 3,136 - 64𝑘 < 0. Adding 64𝑘 to both sides of this
inequality yields 3,136 < 64𝑘. Dividing both sides of this inequality by 64 yields 49 < 𝑘, or 𝑘 > 49. Since it's given that 𝑘 is an
integer, the least possible value of 𝑘 is 50.

Question ID ce579859
ID: ce579859
A model estimates that at the end of each year from to , the number of squirrels in a population was more
than the number of squirrels in the population at the end of the previous year. The model estimates that at the end of ,
there were squirrels in the population. Which of the following equations represents this model, where is the estimated
number of squirrels in the population years after the end of and ?
A. msup
B. msup
C. msup
D. msup
ID: ce579859 Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. Since the model estimates that the number of squirrels in the population increased by a fixed
𝑝 𝑡
percentage, 150%, each year, the model can be represented by an exponential equation of the form 𝑛 = 𝑎1 + 100 , where 𝑎 is
the estimated number of squirrels in the population at the end of 2015, and the model estimates that at the end of each year,
the number is 𝑝% more than the number at the end of the previous year. Since the model estimates that at the end of each
year, the number was 150% more than the number at the end of the previous year, 𝑝 = 150. Substituting 150 for 𝑝 in the
𝑝 𝑡 150 𝑡 𝑡 𝑡
equation 𝑛 = 𝑎1 + 100 yields 𝑛 = 𝑎1 + 100 , which is equivalent to 𝑛 = 𝑎1 + 1.5 , or 𝑛 = 𝑎2.5 . It’s given that the estimated
number of squirrels at the end of 2016 was 180. This means that when 𝑡 = 1, 𝑛 = 180. Substituting 1 for 𝑡 and 180 for 𝑛 in
𝑡 1
the equation 𝑛 = 𝑎2.5 yields 180 = 𝑎2.5 , or 180 = 2.5𝑎. Dividing each side of this equation by 2.5 yields 72 = 𝑎. Substituting
𝑡 𝑡
72 for 𝑎 in the equation 𝑛 = 𝑎2.5 yields 𝑛 = 722.5 .
Choice A is incorrect. This equation represents a model where at the end of each year, the estimated number of squirrels
was 150% of, not 150% more than, the estimated number at the end of the previous year.
Choice C is incorrect. This equation represents a model where at the end of each year, the estimated number of squirrels
was 150% of, not 150% more than, the estimated number at the end of the previous year, and the estimated number of
squirrels at the end of 2015, not the end of 2016, was 180.
Choice D is incorrect. This equation represents a model where the estimated number of squirrels at the end of 2015, not the
end of 2016, was 180.

Question ID 5355c0ef

expressions
ID: 5355c0ef
The given expression can be rewritten as , where is a constant. What is the value of ?
ID: 5355c0ef Answer

Correct Answer: .09, 9/100
Rationale
The correct answer is .09 . It's given that the expression 0.36𝑥2 + 0.63𝑥 + 1.17 can be rewritten as 𝑎4𝑥2 + 7𝑥 + 13. Applying
the distributive property to the expression 𝑎4𝑥2 + 7𝑥 + 13 yields 4𝑎𝑥2 + 7𝑎𝑥 + 13𝑎. Therefore, 0.36𝑥2 + 0.63𝑥 + 1.17 can be
rewritten as 4𝑎𝑥2 + 7𝑎𝑥 + 13𝑎. It follows that in the expressions 0.36𝑥2 + 0.63𝑥 + 1.17 and 4𝑎𝑥2 + 7𝑎𝑥 + 13𝑎, the coefficients
of 𝑥2 are equivalent, the coefficients of 𝑥 are equivalent, and the constant terms are equivalent. Therefore, 0.36 = 4𝑎,
0.63 = 7𝑎, and 1.17 = 13𝑎. Solving any of these equations for 𝑎 yields the value of 𝑎. Dividing both sides of the equation
0.36 = 4𝑎 by 4 yields 0.09 = 𝑎. Therefore, the value of 𝑎 is 0.09. Note that .09 and 9/100 are examples of ways to enter a
correct answer.

Question ID 2f51abc2
ID: 2f51abc2
The function is defined by the given equation. For which of the following values of does ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 2f51abc2 Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. The value of 𝑘 for which 𝑓𝑘 = 3𝑘 can be found by substituting 𝑘 for 𝑥 and 3𝑘 for 𝑓𝑥 in the given equation,
𝑓𝑥 = 59 - 2𝑥, which yields 3𝑘 = 59 - 2𝑘. For this equation to be true, either -3𝑘 = 59 - 2𝑘 or 3𝑘 = 59 - 2𝑘. Adding 2𝑘 to both
sides of the equation -3𝑘 = 59 - 2𝑘 yields -𝑘 = 59. Dividing both sides of this equation by -1 yields 𝑘 = - 59. To check
whether -59 is the value of 𝑘, substituting -59 for 𝑘 in the equation 3𝑘 = 59 - 2𝑘 yields 3-59 = 59 - 2-59, which is equivalent to
-177 = 177, or -177 = 177, which isn't a true statement. Therefore, -59 isn't the value of 𝑘. Adding 2𝑘 to both sides of the
59 59
equation 3𝑘 = 59 - 2𝑘 yields 5𝑘 = 59. Dividing both sides of this equation by 5 yields 𝑘 = 5
. To check whether 5
is the value
59 59 59 177 177 177 177
of 𝑘, substituting 5
for 𝑘 in the equation 3𝑘 = 59 - 2𝑘 yields 3 5 = 59 - 2 5 , which is equivalent to 5
= 5
, or 5
= 5 ,
59
which is a true statement. Therefore, the value of 𝑘 for which 𝑓𝑘 = 3𝑘 is .
5

Question ID 17d0e87d

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: 17d0e87d
The given equation relates the distinct positive real numbers , , and . Which equation correctly expresses in terms of
and ?
A.
B.
C. msup
D. msup
ID: 17d0e87d Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
14𝑥 2√𝑤 + 19 𝑥
Choice C is correct. Dividing each side of the given equation by 2 yields 14𝑦
= 2
, or 𝑦
= √𝑤 + 19 . Because it's given
𝑥2
that each of the variables is positive, squaring each side of this equation yields the equivalent equation 𝑦
= 𝑤 + 19.
𝑥2 𝑥2
Subtracting 19 from each side of this equation yields 𝑦
- 19 = 𝑤, or 𝑤 =
𝑦
- 19.
Choice A is incorrect. This equation isn't equivalent to the given equation.
Choice B is incorrect. This equation isn't equivalent to the given equation.
Choice D is incorrect. This equation isn't equivalent to the given equation.

Question ID c81b6c57

expressions
ID: c81b6c57
In the expression , p is a constant. This expression
is equivalent to the expression . What is the value of p ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: c81b6c57 Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. Using the distributive property, the first given expression can be rewritten as 6x2 + 3px + 24 – 16px – 64x
+ 24, and then rewritten as 6x2 + (3p – 16p – 64)x + 24. Since the expression 6x2 + (3p – 16p – 64)x + 24 is equivalent to 6x2
– 155x + 24, the coefficients of the x terms from each expression are equivalent to each other; thus 3p – 16p – 64 = –155.
Combining like terms gives –13p – 64 = –155. Adding 64 to both sides of the equation gives –13p = –71. Dividing both
sides of the equation by –13 yields p = 7.
Choice A is incorrect. If p = –3, then the first expression would be equivalent to 6x2 – 25x + 24. Choice C is incorrect. If p =
13, then the first expression would be equivalent to 6x2 – 233x + 24. Choice D is incorrect. If p = 155, then the first
expression would be equivalent to 6x2 – 2,079x + 24.

Question ID 66bce0c1

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: 66bce0c1
What is the solution set of the

equation above?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 66bce0c1 Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. Subtracting 4 from both sides of isolates the radical expression on the left side of
the equation as follows: . Squaring both sides of yields . This
equation can be rewritten as a quadratic equation in standard form: . One way to solve this quadratic
equation is to factor the expression by identifying two numbers with a sum of and a product of . These
numbers are and 1. So the quadratic equation can be factored as . It follows that 5 and are the
solutions to the quadratic equation. However, the solutions must be verified by checking whether 5 and satisfy the
original equation, . When , the original equation gives , or ,

which is false. Therefore, does not satisfy the original equation. When , the original equation gives
, or , which is true. Therefore, is the only solution to the original equation, and so the
solution set is .
Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because each of these sets contains at least one value that results in a false statement
when substituted into the given equation. For instance, in choice D, when 0 is substituted for x into the given equation, the
result is , or . This is not a true statement, so 0 is not a solution to the given equation.
Question ID 97e50fa2

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: 97e50fa2
The graph of the function f, defined by , is shown in the

xy-plane above. If the function g (not shown) is defined by , what is
one possible value of a such that ?
ID: 97e50fa2 Answer
Rationale
The correct answer is either 2 or 8. Substituting in the definitions for f and g gives and
, respectively. If , then . Subtracting 10 from both sides of this
equation gives . Multiplying both sides by gives . Expanding gives
. Combining the like terms on one side of the equation gives . One way to solve this
equation is to factor by identifying two numbers with a sum of and a product of 16. These numbers are
and , so the quadratic equation can be factored as . Therefore, the possible values of a are either 2
or 8. Note that 2 and 8 are examples of ways to enter a correct answer.
Alternate approach: Graphically, the condition implies the graphs of the functions and
intersect at . The graph is given, and the graph of may be sketched as a line with y-intercept 10 and
a slope of (taking care to note the different scales on each axis). These two graphs intersect at and .

Question ID ebb717ab

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: ebb717ab
In the given equation, is a constant. The equation has no real solutions if . What is the least possible value of ?
ID: ebb717ab Answer

Correct Answer: 289
Rationale
The correct answer is 289. A quadratic equation of the form 𝑎𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0, where 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐 are constants, has no real
solutions when the value of the discriminant, 𝑏2 - 4𝑎𝑐, is less than 0. In the given equation, 𝑥2 - 34𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0, 𝑎 = 1 and
𝑏 = - 34. Therefore, the discriminant of the given equation can be expressed as -342 - 41𝑐, or 1,156 - 4𝑐. It follows that the
given equation has no real solutions when 1,156 - 4𝑐 < 0. Adding 4𝑐 to both sides of this inequality yields 1,156 < 4𝑐.
Dividing both sides of this inequality by 4 yields 289 < 𝑐, or 𝑐 > 289. It's given that the equation 𝑥2 - 34𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0 has no real
solutions when 𝑐 > 𝑛. Therefore, the least possible value of 𝑛 is 289.

Question ID 9afe2370
ID: 9afe2370
The population P of a certain city y years after the last census is modeled by the equation below, where r is a constant
and is the population when .
If during this time the population of the city decreases by a fixed percent each year,
which of the following must be true?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 9afe2370 Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. The term (1 + r) represents a percent change. Since the population is decreasing, the percent change
must be between 0% and 100%. When the percent change is expressed as a decimal rather than as a percent, the percentage
change must be between 0 and 1. Because (1 + r) represents percent change, this can be expressed as 0 < 1 + r < 1.
Subtracting 1 from all three terms of this compound inequality results in –1 < r < 0.
Choice A is incorrect. If r < –1, then after 1 year, the population P would be a negative value, which is not possible. Choices C
and D are incorrect. For any value of r > 0, 1 + r > 1, and the exponential function models growth for positive values of the
exponent. This contradicts the given information that the population is decreasing.

Question ID b7c74b73
ID: b7c74b73
The function gives the value, in dollars, of a certain piece of equipment after months of use. If the value of the
equipment decreases each year by of its value the preceding year, what is the value of ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: b7c74b73 Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
𝑥
Choice C is correct. For a function of the form 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑎𝑟 𝑘 , where 𝑎, 𝑟, and 𝑘 are constants and 𝑟 < 1, the value of 𝑓𝑥 decreases
by 1001 - 𝑟% for every increase of 𝑥 by 𝑘. In the given function, 𝑎 = 5,470, 𝑟 = 0.64, and 𝑘 = 12. Therefore, for the given
function, the value of 𝑓𝑥 decreases by 1001 - 0.64%, or 36%, for every increase of 𝑥 by 12. Since 𝑓𝑥 represents the value, in
dollars, of the equipment after 𝑥 months of use, it follows that the value of the equipment decreases every 12 months by
36% of its value the preceding 12 months. Since there are 12 months in a year, the value of the equipment decreases each
year by 36% of its value the preceding year. Thus, the value of 𝑝 is 36.

Question ID 3d12b1e0

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: 3d12b1e0
In the given equation, is a constant. The equation has exactly one solution. What is the value of ?
ID: 3d12b1e0 Answer

Correct Answer: -1
Rationale
The correct answer is -1. A quadratic equation in the form 𝑎𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0, where 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐 are constants, has exactly one
solution when its discriminant, 𝑏2 - 4𝑎𝑐, is equal to 0. In the given equation, -16𝑥2 - 8𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0, 𝑎 = - 16 and 𝑏 = - 8.
2 2
Substituting -16 for 𝑎 and -8 for 𝑏 in 𝑏 - 4𝑎𝑐 yields -8 - 4-16𝑐, or 64 + 64𝑐. Since the given equation has exactly one solution,
64 + 64𝑐 = 0. Subtracting 64 from both sides of this equation yields 64𝑐 = - 64. Dividing both sides of this equation by 64
yields 𝑐 = - 1. Therefore, the value of 𝑐 is -1.

Question ID 2c88af4d

expressions
ID: 2c88af4d
The expression , where and , is

equivalent to which of the following?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 2c88af4d Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. For and , and are equivalent to and , respectively. Also, and are
equivalent to and , respectively. Therefore, the given expression can be rewritten as .
Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because these choices are not equivalent to the given expression for and .
For example, for and , the value of the given expression is ; the values of the choices, however, are ,
, and 1, respectively.
Question ID ffdbcad4

expressions
ID: ffdbcad4
The expression , where is a constant, can be rewritten as , where , , and are integer
constants. Which of the following must be an integer?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: ffdbcad4 Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. It's given that 4𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 - 45 can be rewritten as ℎ𝑥 + 𝑘𝑥 + 𝑗. The expression ℎ𝑥 + 𝑘𝑥 + 𝑗 can be rewritten
as ℎ𝑥2 + 𝑗ℎ𝑥 + 𝑘𝑥 + 𝑘𝑗, or ℎ𝑥2 + 𝑗ℎ + 𝑘𝑥 + 𝑘𝑗. Therefore, ℎ𝑥2 + 𝑗ℎ + 𝑘𝑥 + 𝑘𝑗 is equivalent to 4𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 - 45. It follows that
-45 45 45
𝑘𝑗 = - 45. Dividing each side of this equation by 𝑘 yields 𝑗 = 𝑘
. Since 𝑗 is an integer, - 𝑘 must be an integer. Therefore, 𝑘
must also be an integer.

Question ID 71014fb1

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: 71014fb1
How many distinct real solutions does the given equation have?
A. Exactly one
B. Exactly two
C. Infinitely many
D. Zero
ID: 71014fb1 Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. Any quantity that is positive or negative in value has a positive value when squared. Therefore, the left-
hand side of the given equation is either positive or zero for any value of 𝑥. Since the right-hand side of the given equation is
negative, there is no value of 𝑥 for which the given equation is true. Thus, the number of distinct real solutions for the given
equation is zero.
Choices A, B, and C are incorrect and may result from conceptual errors.

Question ID 22fd3e1f

expressions
ID: 22fd3e1f
Which of the following expressions is
equivalent to , for ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 22fd3e1f Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. Since and , the fraction can be written as
. It is given that , so the common factor is not equal to 0. Therefore, the fraction can be further
simplified to .
Choice A is incorrect. The expression is not equivalent to because at , as a value of 1 and

has a value of 0.
Choice B is incorrect and results from omitting the factor x in the factorization of . Choice C is incorrect and may result
from incorrectly factoring as instead of .

Question ID a0b4103e

expressions
ID: a0b4103e
The expression can be rewritten as , where k is a

positive constant. What is the value of k ?
A. 2
B. 6
C.
D.
ID: a0b4103e Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. Factoring out the coefficient , the given expression can be rewritten as . The expression
can be approached as a difference of squares and rewritten as . Therefore, k must be .
Choice A is incorrect. If k were 2, then the expression given would be rewritten as , which is equivalent to
, not .
Choice B is incorrect. This may result from incorrectly factoring the expression and finding as the factored
form of the expression. Choice C is incorrect. This may result from incorrectly distributing the and rewriting the
expression as .

Question ID 2cd6b22d

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: 2cd6b22d
How many distinct real solutions does the given equation have?
A. Exactly one
B. Exactly two
C. Infinitely many
D. Zero
ID: 2cd6b22d Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. The number of solutions of a quadratic equation of the form 𝑎𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0, where 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐 are
constants, can be determined by the value of the discriminant, 𝑏2 - 4𝑎𝑐. If the value of the discriminant is positive, then the
quadratic equation has exactly two distinct real solutions. If the value of the discriminant is equal to zero, then the quadratic
equation has exactly one real solution. If the value of the discriminant is negative, then the quadratic equation has zero real
solutions. In the given equation, 5𝑥2 + 10𝑥 + 16 = 0, 𝑎 = 5, 𝑏 = 10, and 𝑐 = 16. Substituting these values for 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐 in
2 2
𝑏 - 4𝑎𝑐 yields 10 - 4516, or -220. Since the value of its discriminant is negative, the given equation has zero real solutions.
Therefore, the number of distinct real solutions the given equation has is zero.

Question ID f2d60b99
ID: f2d60b99
The function gives a metal ball's height above the ground , in inches, seconds after it started
moving on a track, where . Which of the following is the best interpretation of the vertex of the graph of
in the xy-plane?
A. The metal ball's minimum height was inches above the ground.
B. The metal ball's minimum height was inches above the ground.
C. The metal ball's height was inches above the ground when it started moving.
D. The metal ball's height was inches above the ground when it started moving.
ID: f2d60b99 Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. The graph of a quadratic equation in the form 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 - ℎ2 + 𝑘, where 𝑎, ℎ, and 𝑘 are positive constants, is
1 2 2
a parabola that opens upward with vertex ℎ, 𝑘. The given function 𝑓𝑥 = 9 𝑥 - 7 + 3 is in the form 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 - ℎ + 𝑘, where 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥
1
, 𝑎 = 9 , ℎ = 7, and 𝑘 = 3. Therefore, the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 is a parabola that opens upward with vertex 7, 3. Since the parabola
opens upward, the vertex is the lowest point on the graph. It follows that the y-coordinate of the vertex of the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥
1
is the minimum value of 𝑓𝑥. Therefore, the minimum value of 𝑓𝑥 is 3. It’s given that 𝑓𝑥 = 9 𝑥 - 72 + 3 represents the metal
ball’s height above the ground, in inches, 𝑥 seconds after it started moving on a track. Therefore, the best interpretation of
the vertex of the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 is that the metal ball’s minimum height was 3 inches above the ground.

Question ID e9349667

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: e9349667
If and are the two solutions to the system of equations

above, what is the value of ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: e9349667 Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. The system of equations can be solved using the substitution method. Solving the second equation for y
gives y = –x – 1. Substituting the expression –x – 1 for y into the first equation gives –x – 1 = x2 + 2x + 1. Adding x + 1 to
both sides of the equation yields x2 + 3x + 2 = 0. The left-hand side of the equation can be factored by finding two numbers
whose sum is 3 and whose product is 2, which gives (x + 2)(x + 1) = 0. Setting each factor equal to 0 yields x + 2 = 0 and x +
1 = 0, and solving for x yields x = –2 or x = –1. These values of x can be substituted for x in the equation y = –x – 1 to find the
corresponding y-values: y = –(–2) – 1 = 2 – 1 = 1 and y = –(–1) – 1 = 1 – 1 = 0. It follows that (–2, 1) and (–1, 0) are the
solutions to the given system of equations. Therefore, (x1, y1) = (–2, 1), (x2, y2) = (–1, 0), and y1 + y2 = 1 + 0 = 1.
Choice A is incorrect. The solutions to the system of equations are (x1, y1) = (–2, 1) and (x2, y2) = (–1, 0). Therefore, –3 is the
sum of the x-coordinates of the solutions, not the sum of the y-coordinates of the solutions. Choices B and C are incorrect
and may be the result of computation or substitution errors.

Question ID 1f353a9e
ID: 1f353a9e
The given function models the number of coupons a company sent to their customers at the end of each year, where
represents the number of years since the end of , and . If is graphed in the ty-plane, which of the
following is the best interpretation of the y-intercept of the graph in this context?
A. The minimum estimated number of coupons the company sent to their customers during the years was .
B. The minimum estimated number of coupons the company sent to their customers during the years was .
C. The estimated number of coupons the company sent to their customers at the end of was .
D. The estimated number of coupons the company sent to their customers at the end of was .
ID: 1f353a9e Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. The y-intercept of a graph in the ty-plane is the point where 𝑡 = 0. For the given function 𝑓, the y-intercept
𝑡
of the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑡 in the ty-plane can be found by substituting 0 for 𝑡 in the equation 𝑦 = 8,0000 . 65 , which gives
0
𝑦 = 8,0000 . 65 . This is equivalent to 𝑦 = 8,0001, or 𝑦 = 8,000. Therefore, the y-intercept of the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑡 is 0, 8,000. It’s
given that the function 𝑓 models the number of coupons a company sent to their customers at the end of each year.
Therefore, 𝑓𝑡 represents the estimated number of coupons the company sent to their customers at the end of each year. It's
also given that 𝑡 represents the number of years since the end of 1998. Therefore, 𝑡 = 0 represents 0 years since the end of
1998, or the end of 1998. Thus, the best interpretation of the y-intercept of the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑡 is that the estimated number
of coupons the company sent to their customers at the end of 1998 was 8,000.

Question ID b03adde3

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: b03adde3
If , what is t
in terms of u ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: b03adde3 Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. Multiplying both sides of the given equation by yields . Dividing both sides of this
equation by yields . Adding 2 to both sides of this equation yields , which can be rewritten
as . Since the fractions on the right-hand side of this equation have a common denominator, adding
the fractions yields . Applying the distributive property to the numerator on the right-hand side of this
equation yields , which is equivalent to .
Choices A, B, and C are incorrect and may result from various misconceptions or miscalculations.

Question ID 1ce9ffcd

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: 1ce9ffcd
In the given equation, is a constant. The equation has exactly one solution. What is the value of ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 1ce9ffcd Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. It's given that the equation -9𝑥2 + 30𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0 has exactly one solution. A quadratic equation of the form
2
𝑎𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0 has exactly one solution if and only if its discriminant, -4𝑎𝑐 + 𝑏 , is equal to zero. It follows that for the given
equation, 𝑎 = - 9 and 𝑏 = 30. Substituting -9 for 𝑎 and 30 for 𝑏 into 𝑏2 - 4𝑎𝑐 yields 302 - 4-9𝑐, or 900 + 36𝑐. Since the
discriminant must equal zero, 900 + 36𝑐 = 0. Subtracting 36𝑐 from both sides of this equation yields 900 = -36𝑐. Dividing
each side of this equation by -36 yields -25 = 𝑐. Therefore, the value of 𝑐 is -25.
Choice A is incorrect. If the value of 𝑐 is 3, this would yield a discriminant that is greater than zero. Therefore, the given
equation would have two solutions, rather than exactly one solution.
Choice B is incorrect. If the value of 𝑐 is 0, this would yield a discriminant that is greater than zero. Therefore, the given
equation would have two solutions, rather than exactly one solution.
Choice D is incorrect. If the value of 𝑐 is -53, this would yield a discriminant that is less than zero. Therefore, the given
equation would have no real solutions, rather than exactly one solution.

Question ID 104bff62

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: 104bff62
In the given equation, is a positive constant. Which of the following is one of the solutions to the given equation?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 104bff62 Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. If 𝑥2 - 𝑐2 ≤ 0, then neither side of the given equation is defined and there can be no solution. Therefore,
𝑐2 𝑥2 𝑐2 𝑥 2 - 𝑐2
𝑥2 - 𝑐2 > 0. Subtracting from both sides of the given equation yields - = 39, or = 39. Squaring both
√𝑥2 - 𝑐2 √𝑥2 - 𝑐2 √𝑥2 - 𝑐2 √𝑥2 - 𝑐2
2
𝑥 2 - 𝑐2 𝑥 2 - 𝑐2 𝑥 2 - 𝑐2
sides of this equation yields = 392 , or 𝑥 2 - 𝑐2
= 392 . Since 𝑥2 - 𝑐2 is positive and, therefore, nonzero, the
√𝑥2 - 𝑐2
𝑥 2 - 𝑐2 𝑥 2 - 𝑐2 𝑥 2 - 𝑐2
expression
𝑥 2 - 𝑐2
is defined and equivalent to 1. It follows that the equation
𝑥 2 - 𝑐2
= 392 can be rewritten as
𝑥 2 - 𝑐2 2 2 2 2
𝑥 2 - 𝑐2
𝑥 - 𝑐2 = 39 , or 1𝑥2 - 𝑐2 = 39 , which is equivalent to 𝑥2 - 𝑐2 = 39 . Adding 𝑐2 to both sides of this equation yields
𝑥2 = 𝑐2 + 392 . Taking the square root of both sides of this equation yields two solutions: 𝑥 = √𝑐2 + 392 and 𝑥 = - √𝑐2 + 392 .
Therefore, of the given choices, -√𝑐2 + 392 is one of the solutions to the given equation.

Question ID 92f812bb
ID: 92f812bb
In the xy-plane, a parabola has vertex and intersects the x-axis at two points. If the equation of the parabola is
written in the form , where , , and are constants, which of the following could be the value of
?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 92f812bb Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
2
Choice D is correct. The equation of a parabola in the xy-plane can be written in the form 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 - ℎ + 𝑘, where 𝑎 is a
constant and ℎ, 𝑘 is the vertex of the parabola. If 𝑎 is positive, the parabola will open upward, and if 𝑎 is negative, the
parabola will open downward. It’s given that the parabola has vertex 9, - 14. Substituting 9 for ℎ and -14 for 𝑘 in the equation
2 2
𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 - ℎ + 𝑘 gives 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 - 9 - 14, which can be rewritten as 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 - 9𝑥 - 9 - 14, or 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥2 - 18𝑥 + 81 - 14. Distributing the
factor of 𝑎 on the right-hand side of this equation yields 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥2 - 18𝑎𝑥 + 81𝑎 - 14. Therefore, the equation of the parabola,
𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥2 - 18𝑎𝑥 + 81𝑎 - 14, can be written in the form 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐, where 𝑎 = 𝑎, 𝑏 = - 18𝑎, and 𝑐 = 81𝑎 - 14. Substituting
-18𝑎 for 𝑏 and 81𝑎 - 14 for 𝑐 in the expression 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 yields 𝑎 + -18𝑎 + 81𝑎 - 14, or 64𝑎 - 14. Since the vertex of the
parabola, 9, - 14, is below the x-axis, and it’s given that the parabola intersects the x-axis at two points, the parabola must
open upward. Therefore, the constant 𝑎 must have a positive value. Setting the expression 64𝑎 - 14 equal to the value in
choice D yields 64𝑎 - 14 = - 12. Adding 14 to both sides of this equation yields 64𝑎 = 2. Dividing both sides of this equation
2
by 64 yields 𝑎 = , which is a positive value. Therefore, if the equation of the parabola is written in the form 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐
64
, where 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐 are constants, the value of 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 could be - 12.
Choice A is incorrect. If the equation of a parabola with a vertex at 9, - 14 is written in the form 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐, where 𝑎, 𝑏,
and 𝑐 are constants and 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 = - 23, then the value of 𝑎 will be negative, which means the parabola will open downward,
not upward, and will intersect the x-axis at zero points, not two points.
Choice B is incorrect. If the equation of a parabola with a vertex at 9, - 14 is written in the form 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐, where 𝑎, 𝑏,
and 𝑐 are constants and 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 = - 19, then the value of 𝑎 will be negative, which means the parabola will open downward,
not upward, and will intersect the x-axis at zero points, not two points.
Choice C is incorrect. If the equation of a parabola with a vertex at 9, - 14 is written in the form 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐, where 𝑎, 𝑏,
and 𝑐 are constants and 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 = - 14, then the value of 𝑎 will be 0, which is inconsistent with the equation of a parabola.

Question ID 7dbd46d9

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: 7dbd46d9
The graphs of the equations in the given system of equations intersect at the point in the -plane. What is a possible
value of ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 7dbd46d9 Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. It's given that the graphs of the equations in the given system of equations intersect at the point 𝑥, 𝑦.
Therefore, this intersection point is a solution to the given system. The solution can be found by isolating 𝑦 in each equation.
The given equation 8𝑥 + 𝑦 = - 11 can be rewritten to isolate 𝑦 by subtracting 8𝑥 from both sides of the equation, which gives
𝑦 = - 8𝑥 - 11. The given equation 2𝑥2 = 𝑦 + 341 can be rewritten to isolate 𝑦 by subtracting 341 from both sides of the
equation, which gives 2𝑥2 - 341 = 𝑦. With each equation solved for 𝑦, the value of 𝑦 from one equation can be substituted
into the other, which gives 2𝑥2 - 341 = - 8𝑥 - 11. Adding 8𝑥 and 11 to both sides of this equation results in 2𝑥2 + 8𝑥 - 330 = 0.
Dividing both sides of this equation by 2 results in 𝑥2 + 4𝑥 - 165 = 0. This equation can be rewritten by factoring the left-hand
side, which yields 𝑥 + 15𝑥 - 11 = 0. By the zero-product property, if 𝑥 + 15𝑥 - 11 = 0, then 𝑥 + 15 = 0, or 𝑥 - 11 = 0. It follows
that 𝑥 = - 15, or 𝑥 = 11. Since only -15 is given as a choice, a possible value of 𝑥 is -15.

Question ID 0121a235
ID: 0121a235
x p(x)
The table above gives selected values of a polynomial function p. Based on the
values in the table, which of the following must be a factor of p ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 0121a235 Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. According to the table, when x is or 2, . Therefore, two x-intercepts of the graph of p are
and . Since and are x-intercepts, it follows that and are factors of the polynomial
equation. This is because when , the value of is 0. Similarly, when , the value of is 0. Therefore, the
product is a factor of the polynomial function p.
Choice A is incorrect. The factor corresponds to an x-intercept of , which isn’t present in the table. Choice B is
incorrect. The factor corresponds to an x-intercept of , which isn’t present in the table. Choice C is incorrect.
The factors and correspond to x-intercepts and , respectively, which aren’t present in the table.


in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: 158591f0
What is the sum of the solutions to the given equation?
ID: 158591f0 Answer

Correct Answer: 29/3, 9.666, 9.667
Rationale
29
. Applying the distributive property to the left-hand side of the given equation, 𝑥𝑥 + 1 - 56, yields
𝑥2 + 𝑥 - 56. Applying the distributive property to the right-hand side of the given equation, 4𝑥𝑥 - 7, yields 4𝑥2 - 28𝑥. Thus, the
equation becomes 𝑥2 + 𝑥 - 56 = 4𝑥2 - 28𝑥. Combining like terms on the left- and right-hand sides of this equation yields
0 = 4𝑥2 - 𝑥2 + -28𝑥 - 𝑥 + 56, or 3𝑥2 - 29𝑥 + 56 = 0. For a quadratic equation in the form 𝑎𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0, where 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐 are
-𝑏 ± √𝑏2 - 4𝑎𝑐
constants, the quadratic formula gives the solutions to the equation in the form 𝑥 = 2𝑎
. Substituting 3 for 𝑎, -29 for 𝑏,
√ 2
29 ± -29 - 4356 29 13
and 56 for 𝑐 from the equation 3𝑥2 - 29𝑥 + 56 = 0 into the quadratic formula yields 𝑥=
23
, or 𝑥 = 6 ± 6 . It
29 13 29 13
follows that the solutions to the given equation are 6
+ 6
and 6
- 6
. Adding these two solutions gives the sum of the
29 13 29 13 29 29 29
solutions: + + - , which is equivalent to + , or . Note that 29/3, 9.666, and 9.667 are examples of ways to
6 6 6 6 6 6 3
enter a correct answer.

Question ID bba18ecb
ID: bba18ecb
When the quadratic function is graphed in the xy-plane, where , its vertex is . One of the x-intercepts of
this graph is . What is the other x-intercept of the graph?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: bba18ecb Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. Since the line of symmetry for the graph of a quadratic function contains the vertex of the graph, the x-
coordinate of the vertex of the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 is the x-coordinate of the midpoint of its two x-intercepts. The midpoint of
𝑥1 + 𝑥2
two points with x-coordinates 𝑥1 and 𝑥2 has x-coordinate 𝑥𝑚 , where 𝑥𝑚 = 2
. It′s given that the vertex is -3, 6 and one of
17
17 17 𝑥1 + 𝑥2 - + 𝑥2
the x-intercepts is - 4 , 0. Substituting -3 for 𝑥𝑚 and -4 for 𝑥1 in the equation 𝑥𝑚 = yields -3 = 4 . Multiplying each
2 2
17 17 7
side of this equation by 2 yields -6 = - 4
+ 𝑥2 . Adding
4
to each side of this equation yields -
4
= 𝑥2 . Therefore, the other x-
7
intercept is - 4 , 0.

ID: 70753f99
The function f is defined by . The graph of f in the xy-plane is

a parabola. Which of the following intervals contains the x-coordinate of the vertex
of the graph of f ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 70753f99 Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. The graph of a quadratic function in the xy-plane is a parabola. The axis of symmetry of the parabola
passes through the vertex of the parabola. Therefore, the vertex of the parabola and the midpoint of the segment between
the two x-intercepts of the graph have the same x-coordinate. Since , the x-coordinate of the vertex is
. Of the shown intervals, only the interval in choice B contains –2. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect and
may result from either calculation errors or misidentification of the graph’s x-intercepts.

Question ID 58dcc59f
ID: 58dcc59f
A landscaper is designing a rectangular garden. The length of the garden is to be 5

feet longer than the width. If the area of the garden will be 104 square feet, what
will be the length, in feet, of the garden?
ID: 58dcc59f Answer
Rationale
The correct answer is 13. Let w represent the width of the rectangular garden, in feet. Since the length of the garden will be 5
feet longer than the width of the garden, the length of the garden will be feet. Thus the area of the garden will be
. It is also given that the area of the garden will be 104 square feet. Therefore, , which is equivalent
to . Factoring this equation results in . Therefore, and . Because

width cannot be negative, the width of the garden must be 8 feet. This means the length of the garden must be
feet.

Question ID 2d1614a1
ID: 2d1614a1
The function models the population, in thousands, of a certain city years after . According to the model, the
population is predicted to increase by every months. What is the value of ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 2d1614a1 Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. It's given that the function 𝑃 models the population of the city 𝑡 years after 2005. Since there are 12
18 18
months in a year, 18 months is equivalent to years. Therefore, the expression 𝑥 can represent the number of years in 𝑥
12 12
4 18
18 18
18-month periods. Substituting 12
𝑥 for 𝑡 in the given equation yields 𝑃 12 𝑥 = 2901.04 6 12 𝑥 , which is equivalent to
18
𝑃 12 𝑥 = 2901.04𝑥 . Therefore, for each 18-month period, the predicted population of the city is 1.04 times, or 104% of, the
previous population. This means that the population is predicted to increase by 4% every 18 months.
Choice B is incorrect. Each year, the predicted population of the city is 1.04 times the previous year's predicted population,
which is not the same as an increase of 1.04%.

Question ID 30281058

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: 30281058
In the xy-plane, the graph of intersects line p at and , where a

and b are constants. What is the slope of line p ?
A. 6
B. 2
C.
D.
ID: 30281058 Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. It’s given that the graph of and line p intersect at and . Therefore, the value of y
when is the value of a, and the value of y when is the value of b. Substituting 1 for x in the given equation yields
, or . Similarly, substituting 5 for x in the given equation yields , or . Therefore, the
intersection points are and . The slope of line p is the ratio of the change in y to the change in x between these
two points: , or 6.
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors in determining the values of a, b, or
the slope of line p.

Question ID 84dd43f8
ID: 84dd43f8
For the function , , and for each increase in by , the value of decreases by . What is the value of
?
ID: 84dd43f8 Answer

Rationale
The correct answer is 3.44. It’s given that 𝑓0 = 86 and that for each increase in 𝑥 by 1, the value of 𝑓𝑥 decreases by 80%.
Because the output of the function decreases by a constant percentage for each 1-unit increase in the value of 𝑥, this
relationship can be represented by an exponential function of the form 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑎𝑏𝑥 , where 𝑎 represents the initial value of the
function and 𝑏 represents the rate of decay,
expressed as a decimal. Because 𝑓0 = 86, the value of 𝑎 must be 86. Because the value of 𝑓𝑥 decreases by 80% for each 1-
unit increase in 𝑥, the value of 𝑏 must be ( 1 − 0 . 80 ) , or 0 . 2. Therefore, the function 𝑓 can be defined by 𝑓𝑥 = 860 . 2𝑥 .
2
Substituting 2 for 𝑥 in this function yields 𝑓2 = 860 . 2 , which is equivalent to 𝑓2 = 860 . 04, or 𝑓2 = 3 . 44. Either 3.44 or
86 / 25 may be entered as the correct answer.
Alternate approach: It’s given that 𝑓0 = 86 and that for each increase in 𝑥 by 1, the value of 𝑓𝑥 decreases by 80%. Therefore,
when 𝑥 = 1, the value of 𝑓𝑥 is ( 100 − 80 ) %, or 20%, of 86, which can be expressed as 0 . 2086. Since 0 . 2086 = 17 . 2, the
value of 𝑓1 is 17.2. Similarly, when 𝑥 = 2, the value of 𝑓𝑥 is 20% of 17.2, which can be expressed as 0 . 2017 . 2. Since
0 . 2017 . 2 = 3 . 44, the value of 𝑓2 is 3.44. Either 3.44 or 86 / 25 may be entered as the correct answer.

Question ID 59d1f4b5
ID: 59d1f4b5
The equation above models the number of members, M, of a gym t years after the
gym opens. Of the following, which equation models the number of members of
the gym q quarter years after the gym opens?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 59d1f4b5 Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. In 1 year, there are 4 quarter years, so the number of quarter years, q, is 4 times the number of years, t ;
that is, . This is equivalent to , and substituting this into the expression for M in terms of t gives
Choices B and D are incorrect and may be the result of incorrectly using instead of . (Choices B and D are
nearly the same since is equivalent to , which is approximately .) Choice C is incorrect and may be
the result of incorrectly using and unnecessarily dividing 0.02 by 4.

Question ID 01668cd6
ID: 01668cd6
The functions and are defined by the given equations, where . Which of the following equations displays, as a
constant or coefficient, the maximum value of the function it defines, where ?
I.
II.
A. I only
B. II only
C. I and II
D. Neither I nor II
ID: 01668cd6 Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. Functions 𝑓 and 𝑔 are both exponential functions with a base of 0.40. Since 0.40 is less than 1, functions
𝑓 and 𝑔 are both decreasing exponential functions. This means that 𝑓𝑥 and 𝑔𝑥 decrease as 𝑥 increases. Since 𝑓𝑥 and 𝑔𝑥
decrease as 𝑥 increases, the maximum value of each function occurs at the least value of 𝑥 for which the function is defined.
It's given that functions 𝑓 and 𝑔 are defined for 𝑥 ≥ 0. Therefore, the maximum value of each function occurs at 𝑥 = 0.
Substituting 0 for 𝑥 in the equation defining 𝑓 yields 𝑓0 = 330.40 + 3 , which is equivalent to 𝑓0 = 330.43 , or 𝑓0 = 2.112.
Therefore, the maximum value of 𝑓 is 2.112. Since the equation 𝑓𝑥 = 330.4𝑥 + 3 doesn't display the value 2.112, the equation
defining 𝑓 doesn't display the maximum value of 𝑓. Substituting 0 for 𝑥 in the equation defining 𝑔 yields 𝑔0 = 330.160.40 - 2 ,
1 1
which can be rewritten as 𝑔0 = 330.16 2 , or 𝑔0 = 330.16 , which is equivalent to 𝑔0 = 33. Therefore, the maximum value
0.16
0.4
of 𝑔 is 33. Since the equation 𝑔𝑥 = 330.160.4𝑥 - 2 displays the value 33, the equation defining 𝑔 displays the maximum value
of 𝑔. Thus, only equation II displays, as a constant or coefficient, the maximum value of the function it defines.

Question ID 5910bfff

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: 5910bfff
The formula above can be used to approximate the dew point D, in degrees
Fahrenheit, given the temperature T, in degrees Fahrenheit, and the relative
humidity of H percent, where . Which of the following expresses the relative
humidity in terms of the temperature and the dew point?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 5910bfff Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. It’s given that . Solving this formula for H expresses the relative humidity in
terms of the temperature and the dew point. Subtracting T from both sides of this equation yields .
Multiplying both sides by yields . Subtracting 100 from both sides yields
. Multiplying both sides by results in the formula .
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect and may result from errors made when rewriting the given formula.
Question ID fbb96bb1

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: fbb96bb1
Which of the following are solutions to the given equation, where is a constant and ?
I.
II.
III.
A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. II and III only
D. I, II, and III
ID: fbb96bb1 Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. Subtracting the expression 𝑥 - 29 from both sides of the given equation yields 0 = 𝑥 - 𝑎𝑥 - 29 - 𝑥 - 29,
which can be rewritten as 0 = 𝑥 - 𝑎𝑥 - 29 + -1𝑥 - 29. Since the two terms on the right-hand side of this equation have a
common factor of 𝑥 - 29, it can be rewritten as 0 = 𝑥 - 29𝑥 - 𝑎 + -1, or 0 = 𝑥 - 29𝑥 - 𝑎 - 1. Since 𝑥 - 𝑎 - 1 is equivalent to 𝑥 - 𝑎 + 1
, the equation 0 = 𝑥 - 29𝑥 - 𝑎 - 1 can be rewritten as 0 = 𝑥 - 29𝑥 - 𝑎 + 1. By the zero product property, it follows that 𝑥 - 29 = 0
or 𝑥 - 𝑎 + 1 = 0. Adding 29 to both sides of the equation 𝑥 - 29 = 0 yields 𝑥 = 29. Adding 𝑎 + 1 to both sides of the equation
𝑥 - 𝑎 + 1 = 0 yields 𝑥 = 𝑎 + 1. Therefore, the two solutions to the given equation are 29 and 𝑎 + 1. Thus, only 𝑎 + 1 and 29,
not 𝑎, are solutions to the given equation.

Question ID ad038c19

expressions
ID: ad038c19
Which of the following is
equivalent to ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: ad038c19 Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. The expression can be rewritten as . Using the distributive property, the
expression yields . Combining like terms gives .
Choices A, B, and C are incorrect and may result from errors using the distributive property on the given expression or
combining like terms.

Question ID ef926848
ID: ef926848
Square P has a side length of inches. Square Q has a perimeter that is inches greater than the perimeter of square P.
The function gives the area of square Q, in square inches. Which of the following defines ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: ef926848 Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. Let 𝑥 represent the side length, in inches, of square P. It follows that the perimeter of square P is 4𝑥
inches. It's given that square Q has a perimeter that is 176 inches greater than the perimeter of square P. Thus, the perimeter
of square Q is 176 inches greater than 4𝑥 inches, or 4𝑥 + 176 inches. Since the perimeter of a square is 4 times the side
4𝑥 + 176
length of the square, each side length of Q is 4
, or 𝑥 + 44 inches. Since the area of a square is calculated by multiplying
2
the length of two sides, the area of square Q is 𝑥 + 44𝑥 + 44, or 𝑥 + 44 square inches. It follows that function 𝑓 is defined by
2
𝑓𝑥 = 𝑥 + 44 .
Choice B is incorrect. This function represents a square with side lengths 𝑥 + 176 inches.
Choice C is incorrect. This function represents a square with side lengths 176𝑥 + 44 inches.
Choice D is incorrect. This function represents a square with side lengths 176𝑥 + 176 inches.

Question ID 77c0cced

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: 77c0cced
In the given system of equations, is a constant. The graphs of the equations in the given system intersect at exactly one
point, , in the xy-plane. What is the value of ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 77c0cced Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. It's given that the graphs of the equations in the given system intersect at exactly one point, 𝑥, 𝑦, in the
xy-plane. Therefore, 𝑥, 𝑦 is the only solution to the given system of equations. The given system of equations can be solved
by subtracting the second equation, 𝑦 = 3𝑥 + 𝑎, from the first equation, 𝑦 = 2𝑥2 - 21𝑥 + 64. This yields
𝑦 - 𝑦 = 2𝑥2 - 21𝑥 + 64 - 3𝑥 + 𝑎, or 0 = 2𝑥2 - 24𝑥 + 64 - 𝑎. Since the given system has only one solution, this equation has only
one solution. A quadratic equation in the form 𝑟𝑥2 + 𝑠𝑥 + 𝑡 = 0, where 𝑟, 𝑠, and 𝑡 are constants, has one solution if and only if
the discriminant, 𝑠2 - 4𝑟𝑡, is equal to zero. Substituting 2 for 𝑟, -24 for 𝑠, and -𝑎 + 64 for 𝑡 in the expression 𝑠2 - 4𝑟𝑡 yields
2 2
-24 - 4264 - 𝑎. Setting this expression equal to zero yields -24 - 4264 - 𝑎 = 0, or 8𝑎 + 64 = 0. Subtracting 64 from both sides
of this equation yields 8𝑎 = - 64. Dividing both sides of this equation by 8 yields 𝑎 = - 8. Substituting -8 for 𝑎 in the equation
0 = 2𝑥2 - 24𝑥 + 64 - 𝑎 yields 0 = 2𝑥2 - 24𝑥 + 64 + 8, or 0 = 2𝑥2 - 24𝑥 + 72. Factoring 2 from the right-hand side of this
equation yields 0 = 2𝑥2 - 12𝑥 + 36. Dividing both sides of this equation by 2 yields 0 = 𝑥2 - 12𝑥 + 36, which is equivalent to
0 = 𝑥 - 6𝑥 - 6, or 0 = 𝑥 - 62 . Taking the square root of both sides of this equation yields 0 = 𝑥 - 6. Adding 6 to both sides of
this equation yields 𝑥 = 6.
Choice A is incorrect. This is the value of 𝑎, not 𝑥.

Question ID 635f54ee
ID: 635f54ee
The surface area of a cube is , where a is a positive constant. Which of the

following gives the perimeter of one face of the cube?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 635f54ee Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. A cube has 6 faces of equal area, so if the total surface area of a cube is , then the area of one
face is . Likewise, the area of one face of a cube is the square of one of its edges; therefore, if the area of one face is
, then the length of one edge of the cube is . Since the perimeter of one face of a cube is four times the length of
one edge, the perimeter is .
Choice A is incorrect because if the perimeter of one face of the cube is , then the total surface area of the cube is
, which is not . Choice C is incorrect because if the perimeter of one face of the cube is 4a, then
the total surface area of the cube is , which is not . Choice D is incorrect because if the perimeter of
one face of the cube is 6a, then the total surface area of the cube is , which is not .

Question ID 1697ffcf

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: 1697ffcf
In the xy-plane, the graph of intersects the graph of at the
points and . What is the value of a ?
ID: 1697ffcf Answer
Rationale
The correct answer is 5. The intersection points of the graphs of and can be found by solving the
system consisting of these two equations. To solve the system, substitute x for y in the first equation. This gives
. Subtracting x from both sides of the equation gives . Factoring out of each term on the
left-hand side of the equation gives . Therefore, the possible values for x are 0 and 5. Since , the two
intersection points are and . Therefore, .


expressions
ID: 20291f47
Which expression is equivalent to ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 20291f47 Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
𝑦 + 12 𝑦𝑥 - 8
Choice C is correct. Factoring the denominator in the second term of the given expression gives 𝑥-8
+
𝑥𝑦𝑥 - 8
. This
𝑥𝑦 𝑥𝑦𝑦 + 12 𝑦𝑥 - 8
expression can be rewritten with common denominators by multiplying the first term by , giving + . Adding
𝑥𝑦 𝑥𝑦𝑥 - 8 𝑥𝑦𝑥 - 8
𝑥𝑦𝑦 + 12 + 𝑦𝑥 - 8 𝑥𝑦2 + 12𝑥𝑦 + 𝑥𝑦 - 8𝑦
these two terms yields . Using the distributive property to rewrite this expression gives .
𝑥𝑦𝑥 - 8 𝑥2 𝑦 - 8𝑥𝑦
𝑥𝑦2 + 13𝑥𝑦 - 8𝑦
Combining the like terms in the numerator of this expression gives .
𝑥2 𝑦 - 8𝑥𝑦

Question ID 42f8e4b4

expressions
ID: 42f8e4b4
One of the factors of is , where is a positive constant. What is the smallest possible value of ?
ID: 42f8e4b4 Answer

Correct Answer: 8
Rationale
The correct answer is 8. Since each term of the given expression, 2𝑥3 + 42𝑥2 + 208𝑥, has a factor of 2𝑥, the expression can
be rewritten as 2𝑥𝑥2 + 2𝑥21𝑥 + 2𝑥104, or 2𝑥𝑥2 + 21𝑥 + 104. Since the values 8 and 13 have a sum of 21 and a product of
104, the expression 𝑥2 + 21𝑥 + 104 can be factored as 𝑥 + 8𝑥 + 13. Therefore, the given expression can be factored as
2𝑥𝑥 + 8𝑥 + 13. It follows that the factors of the given expression are 2, 𝑥, 𝑥 + 8, and 𝑥 + 13. Of these factors, only 𝑥 + 8 and
𝑥 + 13 are of the form 𝑥 + 𝑏, where 𝑏 is a positive constant. Therefore, the possible values of 𝑏 are 8 and 13. Thus, the
smallest possible value of 𝑏 is 8.

Question ID de39858a
ID: de39858a
The function is defined by , where and are positive constants. The graph of in the -plane
passes through the points ( , ) and ( , ). What is the value of ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: de39858a Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. It’s given that the function ℎ is defined by ℎ𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 and that the graph of 𝑦 = ℎ ( 𝑥 ) in the xy-plane
325
passes through the points 0, 10 and -2, . Substituting 0 for 𝑥 and 10 for ℎ𝑥 in the equation ℎ𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 yields 10 = 𝑎0 + 𝑏,
36
325
or 10 = 1 + 𝑏. Subtracting 1 from both sides of this equation yields 9 = 𝑏. Substituting -2 for 𝑥 and 36
for ℎ𝑥 in the equation
325 1
ℎ ( 𝑥 ) = 𝑎 + 9 yields
𝑥
36
= 𝑎 + 9. Subtracting 9 from both sides of this equation yields
-2
36
= 𝑎 , which can be rewritten as
-2
2
𝑎 = 36. Taking the square root of both sides of this equation yields 𝑎 = 6 and 𝑎 = - 6, but because it’s given that 𝑎 is a
positive constant, 𝑎 must equal 6. Because the value of 𝑎 is 6 and the value of 𝑏 is 9, the value of 𝑎𝑏 is ( 6 ) ( 9 ) , or 54.
Choice A is incorrect and may result from finding the value of 𝑎-2 𝑏 rather than the value of 𝑎𝑏.
Choice D is incorrect and may result from correctly finding the value of 𝑎 as 6, but multiplying it by the y-value in the first
ordered pair rather than by the value of 𝑏.

Question ID 1178f2df
ID: 1178f2df
The table shows three values of and their corresponding values of , where and is a quadratic function.
What is the y-coordinate of the y-intercept of the graph of in the xy-plane?
ID: 1178f2df Answer

Rationale
The correct answer is -2,112. It's given that 𝑓 is a quadratic function. It follows that 𝑓 can be defined by an equation of the
form 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥 - ℎ2 + 𝑘, where 𝑎, ℎ, and 𝑘 are constants. It's also given that the table shows three values of 𝑥 and their
2 2
corresponding values of 𝑦, where 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 + 4. Substituting 𝑎𝑥 - ℎ + 𝑘 for 𝑓𝑥 in this equation yields 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 - ℎ + 𝑘 + 4. This
equation represents a quadratic relationship between 𝑥 and 𝑦, where 𝑘 + 4 is either the maximum or the minimum value of 𝑦,
which occurs when 𝑥 = ℎ. For quadratic relationships between 𝑥 and 𝑦, the maximum or minimum value of 𝑦 occurs at the
value of 𝑥 halfway between any two values of 𝑥 that have the same corresponding value of 𝑦. The table shows that x-values
of 21 and 25 correspond to the same y-value, -8. Since 23 is halfway between 21 and 25, the maximum or minimum value of
𝑦 occurs at an x-value of 23. The table shows that when 𝑥 = 23, 𝑦 = 8. It follows that ℎ = 23 and 𝑘 + 4 = 8. Subtracting 4
from both sides of the equation 𝑘 + 4 = 8 yields 𝑘 = 4. Substituting 23 for ℎ and 4 for 𝑘 in the equation 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 - ℎ2 + 𝑘 + 4
2 2
yields 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 - 23 + 4 + 4, or 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 - 23 + 8. The value of 𝑎 can be found by substituting any x-value and its corresponding
2
y-value for 𝑥 and 𝑦, respectively, in this equation. Substituting 25 for 𝑥 and -8 for 𝑦 in this equation yields -8 = 𝑎25 - 23 + 8,
2 2
or -8 = 𝑎2 + 8. Subtracting 8 from both sides of this equation yields -16 = 𝑎2 , or -16 = 4𝑎. Dividing both sides of this
2
equation by 4 yields -4 = 𝑎. Substituting -4 for 𝑎, 23 for ℎ, and 4 for 𝑘 in the equation 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥 - ℎ + 𝑘 yields
𝑓𝑥 = - 4𝑥 - 232 + 4. The y-intercept of the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 in the xy-plane is the point on the graph where 𝑥 = 0. Substituting
0 for 𝑥 in the equation 𝑓𝑥 = - 4𝑥 - 232 + 4 yields 𝑓0 = - 40 - 232 + 4, or 𝑓0 = - 4-232 + 4. This is equivalent to 𝑓0 = - 2,112,
so the y-intercept of the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 in the xy-plane is 0, - 2,112. Thus, the y-coordinate of the y-intercept of the graph of
𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 in the xy-plane is -2,112.

Question ID 84e8cc72
ID: 84e8cc72
A quadratic function models the height, in feet, of an object above the ground in terms of the time, in seconds, after the
object is launched off an elevated surface. The model indicates the object has an initial height of feet above the ground
and reaches its maximum height of feet above the ground seconds after being launched. Based on the model, what
is the height, in feet, of the object above the ground seconds after being launched?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 84e8cc72 Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. It's given that a quadratic function models the height, in feet, of an object above the ground in terms of
the time, in seconds, after the object is launched off an elevated surface. This quadratic function can be defined by an
2
equation of the form 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥 - ℎ + 𝑘, where 𝑓𝑥 is the height of the object 𝑥 seconds after it was launched, and 𝑎, ℎ, and 𝑘 are
constants such that the function reaches its maximum value, 𝑘, when 𝑥 = ℎ. Since the model indicates the object reaches its
maximum height of 1,034 feet above the ground 8 seconds after being launched, 𝑓𝑥 reaches its maximum value, 1,034, when
𝑥 = 8. Therefore, 𝑘 = 1,034 and ℎ = 8. Substituting 8 for ℎ and 1,034 for 𝑘 in the function 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥 - ℎ2 + 𝑘 yields
2
𝑓𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥 - 8 + 1,034. Since the model indicates the object has an initial height of 10 feet above the ground, the value of 𝑓𝑥 is
2 2
10 when 𝑥 = 0. Substituting 0 for 𝑥 and 10 for 𝑓𝑥 in the equation 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥 - 8 + 1,034 yields 10 = 𝑎0 - 8 + 1,034, or
10 = 64𝑎 + 1,034. Subtracting 1,034 from both sides of this equation yields 64𝑎 = - 1,024. Dividing both sides of this
equation by 64 yields 𝑎 = - 16. Therefore, the model can be represented by the equation 𝑓𝑥 = - 16𝑥 - 82 + 1,034. Substituting
10 for 𝑥 in this equation yields 𝑓10 = - 1610 - 82 + 1,034, or 𝑓10 = 970. Therefore, based on the model, 10 seconds after
being launched, the height of the object above the ground is 970 feet.

Question ID 12e7faf8

expressions
ID: 12e7faf8
The equation is true for all , where a and d

are integers. What is the value of ?
A.
B.
C. 0
D. 1
ID: 12e7faf8 Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. Since the expression can be factored as , the given equation can be rewritten
as . Since , is also not equal to 0, so both the numerator and denominator of
can be divided by . This gives . Equating the coefficient of x on each side of the equation
gives . Equating the constant terms gives . The sum is .
Choice A is incorrect and may result from incorrectly simplifying the equation. Choices B and D are incorrect. They are the
values of d and a, respectively, not .

Question ID 911c415b

expressions
ID: 911c415b
The expression above can be written in the form , where a and b are
constants. What is the value of ?
ID: 911c415b Answer
Rationale
The correct answer is 6632. Applying the distributive property to the expression yields .
Then adding together and and collecting like terms results in . This is written
in the form , where and . Therefore .

Question ID 89fc23af

expressions
ID: 89fc23af
Which of the following expressions is
equivalent to ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 89fc23af Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. The numerator of the given expression can be rewritten in terms of the denominator, , as follows:
, which is equivalent to . So the given expression is equivalent to
. Since the given expression is defined for , the expression can
be rewritten as .
Long division can also be used as an alternate approach. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect and may result from errors made
when dividing the two polynomials or making use of structure.

Question ID b74f2feb

expressions
ID: b74f2feb
The expression is equivalent to , where and are positive constants and . What is the value of
?
ID: b74f2feb Answer

Correct Answer: 361/8, 45.12, 45.13
Rationale
361 𝑚
. The rational exponent property is 𝑛√𝑦𝑚 = 𝑦 𝑛 , where 𝑦 > 0, 𝑚 and 𝑛 are integers, and 𝑛 > 0. This
5 8 5 45 8 1 1
property can be applied to rewrite the given expression 6 √35 𝑥45 · √28 𝑥 as 63 5 𝑥 5 2 8 𝑥 8 , or 63𝑥9 2𝑥 8 . This expression can be
1
rewritten by multiplying the constants, which gives 36𝑥9 𝑥 8 . The multiplication exponent property is 𝑦𝑛 · 𝑦𝑚 = 𝑦𝑛 + 𝑚 , where
1 1 73 5 8 73
9+ 5 8
𝑦 > 0. This property can be applied to rewrite the expression 36𝑥9 𝑥 8 as 36𝑥 8 , or 36𝑥 8 . Therefore, 6 √3 𝑥45 · √2 𝑥 = 36𝑥 8
5 8 73 73
. It's given that 6 √35 𝑥45 · √28 𝑥 is equivalent to 𝑎𝑥𝑏 ; therefore, 𝑎 = 36 and 𝑏 = . It follows that 𝑎 + 𝑏 = 36 + . Finding a
8 8
288 73 361
common denominator on the right-hand side of this equation gives 𝑎 + 𝑏 = 8
+ ,
8
or 𝑎 + 𝑏 = 8
. Note that 361/8, 45.12,
and 45.13 are examples of ways to enter a correct answer.

Question ID 5edc8c98

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: 5edc8c98
In the given equation, and are positive constants. The sum of the solutions to the given equation is , where
is a constant. What is the value of ?
ID: 5edc8c98 Answer

Rationale
1
. Let 𝑝 and 𝑞 represent the solutions to the given equation. Then, the given equation can be rewritten
as 64𝑥 - 𝑝𝑥 - 𝑞 = 0, or 64𝑥2 - 64𝑝 + 𝑞 + 𝑝𝑞 = 0. Since this equation is equivalent to the given equation, it follows that
16𝑎 + 4𝑏 1
-16𝑎 + 4𝑏 = - 64𝑝 + 𝑞. Dividing both sides of this equation by -64 yields 64
= 𝑝 + 𝑞, or 16
4𝑎 + 𝑏 = 𝑝 + 𝑞. Therefore, the
1
sum of the solutions to the given equation, 𝑝 + 𝑞, is equal to 4𝑎 + 𝑏. Since it's given that the sum of the solutions to the
16
1
given equation is 𝑘4𝑎 + 𝑏, where 𝑘 is a constant, it follows that 𝑘 = 16
. Note that 1/16, .0625, 0.062, and 0.063 are examples
of ways to enter a correct answer.
Alternate approach: The given equation can be rewritten as 64𝑥2 - 44𝑎 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑎𝑏 = 0, where 𝑎 and 𝑏 are positive constants.
𝑎𝑏
Dividing both sides of this equation by 4 yields 16𝑥2 - 4𝑎 + 𝑏𝑥 + 4
= 0. The solutions for a quadratic equation in the form
-𝐵 + √𝐵2 - 4𝐴𝐶
𝐴𝑥2 + 𝐵𝑥 + 𝐶 = 0, where 𝐴, 𝐵, and 𝐶 are constants, can be calculated using the quadratic formula, 𝑥 = 2𝐴
and
-𝐵 - √𝐵2 - 4𝐴𝐶
𝑥=
2𝐴
. It follows that the sum of the solutions to a quadratic equation in the form 𝐴𝑥2 + 𝐵𝑥 + 𝐶 = 0 is
-𝐵 + √𝐵2 - 4𝐴𝐶 -𝐵 - √𝐵2 - 4𝐴𝐶 -𝐵 + - 𝐵 + √𝐵2 - 4𝐴𝐶 - √𝐵2 - 4𝐴𝐶 -2𝐵 𝐵
2𝐴
+
2𝐴
, which can be rewritten as 2𝐴
, which is equivalent to 2𝐴
, or - 𝐴 . In the equation
𝑎𝑏 𝑎𝑏 𝐵 -4𝑎 + 𝑏
2
16𝑥 - 4𝑎 + 𝑏𝑥 + = 0, 𝐴 = 16, 𝐵 = - 4𝑎 + 𝑏, and 𝐶 = . Substituting 16 for 𝐴 and -4𝑎 + 𝑏 for 𝐵 in - yields - , which
4 4 𝐴 16
1 1
can be rewritten as 16
4𝑎+ 𝑏. Thus, the sum of the solutions to the given equation is 16 4𝑎 + 𝑏. Since it's given that the sum of
1
the solutions to the given equation is 𝑘4𝑎 + 𝑏, where 𝑘 is a constant, it follows that 𝑘 = 16 .

Question ID cd358b89
ID: cd358b89
Function is defined by . Function is defined by . The graph of

in the xy-plane has x-intercepts at , , and , where , , and are distinct constants. What is the
value of ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: cd358b89 Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. It's given that 𝑔𝑥 = 𝑓𝑥 - 1. Since 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑥 + 6𝑥 + 5𝑥 + 1, it follows that 𝑓𝑥 - 1 = 𝑥 - 1 + 6𝑥 - 1 + 5𝑥 - 1 + 1.

Combining like terms yields 𝑓𝑥 - 1 = 𝑥 + 5𝑥 + 4𝑥. Therefore, 𝑔𝑥 = 𝑥𝑥 + 5𝑥 + 4. The x-intercepts of a graph in the xy-plane are
the points where 𝑦 = 0. The x-coordinates of the x-intercepts of the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑔𝑥 in the xy-plane can be found by solving
the equation 0 = 𝑥𝑥 + 5𝑥 + 4. Applying the zero product property to this equation yields three equations: 𝑥 = 0, 𝑥 + 5 = 0,
and 𝑥 + 4 = 0. Solving each of these equations for 𝑥 yields 𝑥 = 0, 𝑥 = - 5, and 𝑥 = - 4, respectively. Therefore, the x-
intercepts of the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑔𝑥 are 0, 0, -5, 0, and -4, 0. It follows that the values of 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐 are 0, -5, and -4. Thus, the
value of 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 is 0 + -5 + -4, which is equal to -9.
Choice A is incorrect. This is the value of 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 if 𝑔𝑥 = 𝑓𝑥 + 1.
Choice C is incorrect. This is the value of 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 - 1 if 𝑔𝑥 = 𝑥 - 6𝑥 - 5𝑥 - 1.
Choice D is incorrect. This is the value of 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 if 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑥 - 6𝑥 - 5𝑥 - 1.

Question ID f89e1d6f

expressions
ID: f89e1d6f
If , which of the following is equivalent to the
expression ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: f89e1d6f Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. Factoring –1 from the second, third, and fourth terms gives x2 – c2 – 2cd – d2 = x2 – (c2 + 2cd + d2). The
expression c2 + 2cd + d2 is the expanded form of a perfect square: c2 + 2cd + d2 = (c + d)2. Therefore, x2 – (c2 + 2cd + d2) =
x2 – (c + d)2. Since a = c + d, x2 – (c + d)2 = x2 – a2. Finally, because x2 – a2 is the difference of squares, it can be expanded
as x2 – a2 = (x + a)(x – a).
Choices A and B are incorrect and may be the result of making an error in factoring the difference of squares x2 – a2. Choice
D is incorrect and may be the result of incorrectly combining terms.

Question ID ff2e5c76

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: ff2e5c76
What is the sum of the solutions to the given equation?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: ff2e5c76 Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
40 2
Choice D is correct. Adding 10 to each side of the given equation yields 𝑥2 - 40𝑥 = 10. To complete the square, adding 2
, or
2 2 2 2
20 , to each side of this equation yields 𝑥2 - 40𝑥 + 20 = 10 + 20 , or 𝑥 - 20 = 410. Taking the square root of each side of
this equation yields 𝑥 - 20 = ± √410 . Adding 20 to each side of this equation yields 𝑥 = 20 ± √410 . Therefore, the solutions
to the given equation are 𝑥 = 20 + √410 and 𝑥 = 20 - √410 . The sum of these solutions is 20 + √410 + 20 - √410 , or 40.

Question ID 4b642eef
ID: 4b642eef
The total distance d, in meters, traveled by an object moving in a straight line can
be modeled by a quadratic function that is defined in terms of t, where t is the time
in seconds. At a time of 10.0 seconds, the total distance traveled by the object is
50.0 meters, and at a time of 20.0 seconds, the total distance traveled by the
object is 200.0 meters. If the object was at a distance of 0 meters when , then
what is the total distance traveled, in meters, by the object after 30.0 seconds?
ID: 4b642eef Answer
Rationale
The correct answer is 450. The quadratic equation that models this situation can be written in the form ,
where a, b, and c are constants. It’s given that the distance, d, the object traveled was 0 meters when seconds. These
values can be substituted into the equation to solve for a, b, and c: . Therefore, , and it follows that
. Since it’s also given that d is 50 when t is 10 and d is 200 when t is 20, these values for d and t can be
substituted to create a system of two linear equations: and , or
and . Subtracting the first equation from the second equation yields , or . Substituting for a
in the first equation and solving for b yields . Therefore, the equation that represents this situation is .
Evaluating this function when seconds yields , or meters.

Question ID 2c5c22d0

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: 2c5c22d0
How many solutions are there to the

system of equations above?
A. There are exactly 4 solutions.
B. There are exactly 2 solutions.
C. There is exactly 1 solution.
D. There are no solutions.
ID: 2c5c22d0 Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. The second equation of the system can be rewritten as . Substituting for y in the first
equation gives . This equation can be solved as shown below:
Substituting 1 for x in the equation gives . Therefore, is the only solution to the system of
equations.
Choice A is incorrect. In the xy-plane, a parabola and a line can intersect at no more than two points. Since the graph of the
first equation is a parabola and the graph of the second equation is a line, the system cannot have more than 2 solutions.
Choice B is incorrect. There is a single ordered pair that satisfies both equations of the system. Choice D is incorrect
because the ordered pair satisfies both equations of the system.

Question ID fc3dfa26

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: fc3dfa26
What value of x satisfies the

equation above?
A.
B.
C.
D. 3
ID: fc3dfa26 Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. Each fraction in the given equation can be expressed with the common denominator . Multiplying
by yields , and multiplying by yields . Therefore, the given equation can be
written as . Multiplying each fraction by the denominator results in the equation
, or . This equation can be solved by setting a quadratic expression equal to 0,
then solving for x. Subtracting from both sides of this equation yields . The expression
can be factored, resulting in the equation . By the zero product property, or . To solve
for x in , 1 can be added to both sides of the equation, resulting in . Dividing both sides of this equation by
2 results in . Solving for x in yields . However, this value of x would result in the second fraction of
the original equation having a denominator of 0. Therefore, is an extraneous solution. Thus, the only value of x that
satisfies the given equation is .
Choice A is incorrect and may result from solving but not realizing that this solution is extraneous because it
would result in a denominator of 0 in the second fraction. Choice B is incorrect and may result from a sign error when solving
for x. Choice D is incorrect and may result from a calculation error.

Question ID 6d9e01a2
ID: 6d9e01a2
The given equation defines the function . For what value of does reach its minimum?
ID: 6d9e01a2 Answer

Correct Answer: 25/4, 6.25
Rationale
25 2
. The given equation can be rewritten in the form 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥 - ℎ + 𝑘, where 𝑎, ℎ, and 𝑘 are constants.
When 𝑎 > 0, ℎ is the value of 𝑥 for which 𝑓𝑥 reaches its minimum. The given equation can be rewritten as
50 50 50 2 50 2
𝑓𝑥 = 4𝑥2 - 𝑥 + 126, which is equivalent to 𝑓𝑥 = 4𝑥2 - 𝑥 + - + 126. This equation can be rewritten as
4 4 8 8
50 2 50 2 50 2 50 2 25 2 121 25
𝑓𝑥 = 4𝑥 - 8
- 8
+ 126, or 𝑓𝑥 = 4𝑥 - 8
- 48 + 126, which is equivalent to 𝑓𝑥 = 4𝑥 - 4
- 4
. Therefore, ℎ = 4
, so the
25
value of 𝑥 for which 𝑓𝑥 reaches its minimum is 4
. Note that 25/4 and 6.25 are examples of ways to enter a correct answer.

Question ID 9f2ecade
ID: 9f2ecade
The function h is defined above, where a, b, and c are integer constants. If the zeros
of the function are 6, and 7, what is the value of c ?
ID: 9f2ecade Answer
Rationale
The correct answer is 210. Since , 6, and 7 are zeros of the function, the function can be rewritten as
. Expanding the function yields . Thus, , , and

. Therefore, the value of c is 210.

Question ID 6011a3f8

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: 6011a3f8
In the given equation, is a constant. For which of the following values of will the equation have more than one real
solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 6011a3f8 Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. A quadratic equation of the form 𝑎𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0, where 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐 are constants, has either no real
solutions, exactly one real solution, or exactly two real solutions. That is, for the given equation to have more than one real
solution, it must have exactly two real solutions. When the value of the discriminant, or 𝑏2 - 4𝑎𝑐, is greater than 0, the given
equation has exactly two real solutions. In the given equation, 64𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 25 = 0, 𝑎 = 64 and 𝑐 = 25. Therefore, the given
2 2
equation has exactly two real solutions when 𝑏 - 46425 > 0, or 𝑏 - 6,400 > 0. Adding 6,400 to both sides of this inequality
2 2
yields 𝑏 > 6,400. Taking the square root of both sides of 𝑏 > 6,400 yields two possible inequalities: 𝑏 < - 80 or 𝑏 > 80. Of
the choices, only choice A satisfies 𝑏 < - 80 or 𝑏 > 80.

Question ID 0e61101e
ID: 0e61101e
The function is defined by the given equation. If , which of the following equations defines the function
?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 0e61101e Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥+2
Choice B is correct. It’s given that 𝑓𝑥 = 94 and 𝑔𝑥 = 𝑓𝑥 + 2. Substituting 𝑥 + 2 for 𝑥 in 𝑓𝑥 = 94 gives 𝑓𝑥 + 2 = 94 .
𝑥 2 𝑥
Rewriting this equation using properties of exponents gives 𝑓𝑥 + 2 = 94 4 , which is equivalent to 𝑓𝑥 + 2 = 94 16.
𝑥 𝑥
Multiplying 9 and 16 in this equation gives 𝑓𝑥 + 2 = 1444 . Since 𝑔𝑥 = 𝑓𝑥 + 2, 𝑔𝑥 = 1444 .

Question ID e117d3b8

expressions
ID: e117d3b8
If a and c are positive numbers, which of the following is
equivalent to ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: e117d3b8 Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. Using the property that for positive numbers x and y, with x = (a + c)3 and y = a + c, it
follows that . By rewriting (a + c)4 as ((a + c)2)2, it is possible to simplify the square root
expression as follows: .
Choice A is incorrect and may be the result of . Choice B is incorrect and may be the result of
incorrectly rewriting (a + c)2 as a2 + c2. Choice D is incorrect and may be the result of incorrectly applying properties of
exponents.

Question ID 04bbce67
ID: 04bbce67
ID: 04bbce67 Answer

Correct Answer: -7
Rationale
2
The correct answer is -7. For a quadratic function defined by an equation of the form 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥 - ℎ + 𝑘, where 𝑎, ℎ, and 𝑘 are
constants and 𝑎 > 0, the function reaches its minimum when 𝑥 = ℎ. In the given function, 𝑎 = 1, ℎ = - 7, and 𝑘 = 4.
Therefore, the value of 𝑥 for which 𝑓𝑥 reaches its minimum is -7.

Question ID 6f5540a5
ID: 6f5540a5
Kao measured the temperature of a cup of hot chocolate placed in a room with a
constant temperature of 70 degrees Fahrenheit (°F). The temperature of the hot
chocolate was 185°F at 6:00 p.m. when it started cooling. The temperature of the
hot chocolate was 156°F at 6:05 p.m. and 135°F at 6:10 p.m. The hot chocolate’s
temperature continued to decrease. Of the following functions, which best models
the temperature , in degrees Fahrenheit, of Kao’s hot chocolate m minutes
after it started cooling?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 6f5540a5 Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. The hot chocolate cools from 185°F over time, never going lower than the room temperature, 70°F. Since
the base of the exponent in this function, 0.75, is less than 1, decreases as time increases. Using the function, the
temperature, in °F, at 6:00 p.m. can be estimated as and is equal to . The temperature, in °F, at
6:05 p.m. can be estimated as and is equal to , which is approximately 156°F. Finally, the
temperature, in °F, at 6:10 p.m. can be estimated as and is equal to , which is approximately 135°F.
Since these three given values of m and their corresponding values for can be verified using the function
, this is the best function out of the given choices to model the temperature of Kao’s hot
chocolate after m minutes.
Choice A is incorrect because the base of the exponent, , results in the value of increasing over time rather than
decreasing. Choice B is incorrect because when m is large enough, becomes less than 70. Choice C is incorrect
because the maximum value of at 6:00 p.m. is 115°F, not 185°F.

Question ID 9cb9beec

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: 9cb9beec
In the given system of equations, is a positive constant. The system has exactly one distinct real solution. What is the
value of ?
ID: 9cb9beec Answer

Rationale
29
. According to the first equation in the given system, the value of 𝑦 is -1.5. Substituting -1.5 for 𝑦 in
the second equation in the given system yields -1.5 = 𝑥2 + 8𝑥 + 𝑎. Adding 1.5 to both sides of this equation yields
0 = 𝑥2 + 8𝑥 + 𝑎 + 1.5. If the given system has exactly one distinct real solution, it follows that 0 = 𝑥2 + 8𝑥 + 𝑎 + 1.5 has
exactly one distinct real solution. A quadratic equation in the form 0 = 𝑝𝑥2 + 𝑞𝑥 + 𝑟, where 𝑝, 𝑞, and 𝑟 are constants, has
exactly one distinct real solution if and only if the discriminant, 𝑞2 - 4𝑝𝑟, is equal to 0. The equation 0 = 𝑥2 + 8𝑥 + 𝑎 + 1.5 is in
this form, where 𝑝 = 1, 𝑞 = 8, and 𝑟 = 𝑎 + 1.5. Therefore, the discriminant of the equation 0 = 𝑥2 + 8𝑥 + 𝑎 + 1.5 is
2
8 - 41𝑎 + 1.5, or 58 - 4𝑎. Setting the discriminant equal to 0 to solve for 𝑎 yields 58 - 4𝑎 = 0. Adding 4𝑎 to both sides of this
58 29
equation yields 58 = 4𝑎. Dividing both sides of this equation by 4 yields = 𝑎, or = 𝑎. Therefore, if the given system of
4 2
29
equations has exactly one distinct real solution, the value of 𝑎 is . Note that 29/2 and 14.5 are examples of ways to enter a
2
correct answer.

Question ID 1fe10d97
ID: 1fe10d97
The given function models the population of Lowell years after a census. Which of the following functions best models
the population of Lowell months after the census?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 1fe10d97 Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. It’s given that the function 𝑝 models the population of Lowell 𝑡 years after a census. Since there are 12
𝑚 𝑚
months in a year, 𝑚 months after the census is equivalent to years after the census. Substituting for 𝑡 in the equation
𝑚 12 12
𝑡 𝑚
𝑝𝑡 = 90,0001.06 yields 𝑝 = 90,0001.06 . Therefore, the function 𝑟 that best models the population of Lowell 𝑚 months
12
12 𝑚
after the census is 𝑟𝑚 = 90,0001.06 12 .

Question ID b73ee6cf
ID: b73ee6cf
The population of a town is currently 50,000, and the population is estimated to

increase each year by 3% from the previous year. Which of the following equations
can be used to estimate the number of years, t, it will take for the population of the
town to reach 60,000 ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: b73ee6cf Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. Stating that the population will increase each year by 3% from the previous year is equivalent to saying
that the population each year will be 103% of the population the year before. Since the initial population is 50,000, the
population after t years is given by 50,000(1.03)t. It follows that the equation 60,000 = 50,000(1.03)t can be used to estimate
the number of years it will take for the population to reach 60,000.
Choice A is incorrect. This equation models how long it will take the population to decrease from 60,000 to 50,000, which is
impossible given the growth factor. Choice B is incorrect and may result from misinterpreting a 3% growth as growth by a
factor of 3. Additionally, this equation attempts to model how long it will take the population to decrease from 60,000 to
50,000. Choice C is incorrect and may result from misunderstanding how to model percent growth by multiplying the initial
amount by a factor greater than 1.

Question ID 08d03fe4
ID: 08d03fe4
For the exponential function , the value of is , where is a constant. Which of the following equivalent forms of the
function shows the value of as the coefficient or the base?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 08d03fe4 Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. For the form of the function in choice C, 𝑓𝑥 = 1281.6𝑥 - 1 , the value of 𝑓1 can be found as 1281.61 - 1 ,
0 𝑥-1
which is equivalent to 1281.6 , or 128. Therefore, 𝑘 = 128, which is shown in 𝑓𝑥 = 1281.6 as the coefficient.

Question ID 7eed640d
ID: 7eed640d
The quadratic function above models the height above the ground h, in feet, of a
projectile x seconds after it had been launched vertically. If is graphed in
the xy-plane, which of the following represents the real-life meaning of the positive
x-intercept of the graph?
A. The initial height of the projectile
B. The maximum height of the projectile
C. The time at which the projectile reaches its maximum height
D. The time at which the projectile hits the ground
ID: 7eed640d Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. The positive x-intercept of the graph of is a point for which . Since models
the height above the ground, in feet, of the projectile, a y-value of 0 must correspond to the height of the projectile when it is
0 feet above ground or, in other words, when the projectile is on the ground. Since x represents the time since the projectile
was launched, it follows that the positive x-intercept, , represents the time at which the projectile hits the ground.
Choice A is incorrect and may result from misidentifying the y-intercept as a positive x-intercept. Choice B is incorrect and
may result from misidentifying the y-value of the vertex of the graph of the function as an x-intercept. Choice C is incorrect
and may result from misidentifying the x-value of the vertex of the graph of the function as an x-intercept.

Question ID 43926bd9
ID: 43926bd9
For the exponential function f, the table above shows several values of x and their corresponding values of , where a
is a constant greater than 1. If k is a constant and , what is the value of k ?
ID: 43926bd9 Answer
Rationale
The correct answer is 8. The values of for the exponential function f shown in the table increase by a factor of for
each increase of 1 in x. This relationship can be represented by the equation , where b is a constant. It’s given
that when , . Substituting 2 for x and for into yields . Since
, it follows that . Thus, an equation that defines the function f is . It follows that the value
of k such that can be found by solving the equation , which yields .

Question ID 4d037075
ID: 4d037075
The rational function is defined by an equation in the form , where and are constants. The partial graph of
is shown. If , which equation could define function ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 4d037075 Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
𝑎
Choice C is correct. It's given that 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑥+𝑏
and that the graph shown is a partial graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥. Substituting 𝑦 for 𝑓𝑥 in the
𝑎 𝑎
equation 𝑓𝑥 = yields 𝑦 = . The graph passes through the point -7, - 2. Substituting -7 for 𝑥 and -2 for 𝑦 in the
𝑥+𝑏 𝑥+𝑏
𝑎 𝑎
equation 𝑦 = yields -2 = . Multiplying each side of this equation by -7 + 𝑏 yields -2-7 + 𝑏 = 𝑎, or 14 - 2𝑏 = 𝑎. The
𝑥+𝑏 -7 + 𝑏
𝑎 𝑎
graph also passes through the point -5, - 6. Substituting -5 for 𝑥 and -6 for 𝑦 in the equation 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 𝑏 yields -6 = -5 + 𝑏 .
Multiplying each side of this equation by -5 + 𝑏 yields -6-5 + 𝑏 = 𝑎, or 30 - 6𝑏 = 𝑎. Substituting 14 - 2𝑏 for 𝑎 in this equation
yields 30 - 6𝑏 = 14 - 2𝑏. Adding 6𝑏 to each side of this equation yields 30 = 14 + 4𝑏. Subtracting 14 from each side of this
equation yields 16 = 4𝑏. Dividing each side of this equation by 4 yields 4 = 𝑏. Substituting 4 for 𝑏 in the equation 14 - 2𝑏 = 𝑎
𝑎 6
yields 14 - 24 = 𝑎, or 6 = 𝑎. Substituting 6 for 𝑎 and 4 for 𝑏 in the equation 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑥+𝑏
yields 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑥 + 4 . It's given that
6 6 6
𝑔𝑥 = 𝑓𝑥 + 4. Substituting 𝑥 + 4 for 𝑥 in the equation 𝑓𝑥 = yields 𝑓𝑥 + 4 = , which is equivalent to 𝑓𝑥 + 4 = . It
𝑥+4 𝑥+4+4 𝑥+8
6
follows that 𝑔𝑥 = .
𝑥+8
Choice A is incorrect. This could define function 𝑔 if 𝑔𝑥 = 𝑓𝑥 - 4.
Choice B is incorrect. This could define function 𝑔 if 𝑔𝑥 = 𝑓𝑥.
Choice D is incorrect. This could define function 𝑔 if 𝑔𝑥 = 𝑓𝑥 · 𝑥 + 4.

Question ID 4d7064a6
ID: 4d7064a6
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 4d7064a6 Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. It's given that 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑥 - 10𝑥 + 13, which can be rewritten as 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑥2 + 3𝑥 - 130. Since the coefficient of
the 𝑥2 -term is positive, the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 in the xy-plane opens upward and reaches its minimum value at its vertex. The x-
coordinate of the vertex is the value of 𝑥 such that 𝑓𝑥 reaches its minimum. For an equation in the form 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐,
𝑏
where 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐 are constants, the x-coordinate of the vertex is - 2𝑎 . For the equation 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑥2 + 3𝑥 - 130, 𝑎 = 1, 𝑏 = 3, and
3 3
𝑐 = - 130. It follows that the x-coordinate of the vertex is - 21 , or - 2 . Therefore, 𝑓𝑥 reaches its minimum when the value of 𝑥 is
3
- .
2
Alternate approach: The value of 𝑥 for the vertex of a parabola is the x-value of the midpoint between the two x-intercepts of
the parabola. Since it’s given that 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑥 - 10𝑥 + 13, it follows that the two x-intercepts of the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 in the xy-plane
occur when 𝑥 = 10 and 𝑥 = - 13, or at the points 10, 0 and -13, 0. The midpoint between two points, 𝑥1 , 𝑦1 and 𝑥2 , 𝑦2 , is
𝑥1 + 𝑥2 𝑦1 + 𝑦2 10 + -13 0 + 0 3
, . Therefore, the midpoint between 10, 0 and -13, 0 is , , or - , 0. It follows that 𝑓𝑥 reaches its minimum
2 2 2 2 2
3
when the value of 𝑥 is - 2 .
Choice A is incorrect. This is the y-coordinate of the y-intercept of the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 in the xy-plane.
Choice B is incorrect. This is one of the x-coordinates of the x-intercepts of the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 in the xy-plane.

Question ID 1853bb35
ID: 1853bb35
For the function , the value of decreases by for every increase in the value of by . If , which
equation defines ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 1853bb35 Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. Since the value of 𝑞𝑥 decreases by a fixed percentage, 45%, for every increase in the value of 𝑥 by 1, the
𝑝 𝑥
function 𝑞 is a decreasing exponential function. A decreasing exponential function can be written in the form 𝑞𝑥 = 𝑎1 - 100 ,
where 𝑎 is the value of 𝑞0 and the value of 𝑞𝑥 decreases by 𝑝% for every increase in the value of 𝑥 by 1. If 𝑞0 = 14, then
𝑎 = 14. Since the value of 𝑞𝑥 decreases by 45% for every increase in the value of 𝑥 by 1, 𝑝 = 45. Substituting 14 for 𝑎 and 45
𝑝 𝑥 45 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
for 𝑝 in the equation 𝑞𝑥 = 𝑎1 - 100 yields 𝑞𝑥 = 141 - 100 , which is equivalent to 𝑞𝑥 = 141 - 0.45 , or 𝑞𝑥 = 140.55 .
Choice D is incorrect. For this function, the value of 𝑞𝑥 increases, rather than decreases, by 45% for every increase in the
value of 𝑥 by 1.

Question ID a54753ca

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: a54753ca
In the xy-plane, the graph of the equation intersects the line at exactly one point. What is the
value of ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: a54753ca Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. In the xy-plane, the graph of the line 𝑦 = 𝑐 is a horizontal line that crosses the y-axis at 𝑦 = 𝑐 and the
graph of the quadratic equation 𝑦 = - 𝑥2 + 9𝑥 - 100 is a parabola. A parabola can intersect a horizontal line at exactly one
point only at its vertex. Therefore, the value of 𝑐 should be equal to the y-coordinate of the vertex of the graph of the given
2
equation. For a quadratic equation in vertex form, 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 - ℎ + 𝑘, the vertex of its graph in the xy-plane is ℎ, 𝑘. The given
9 92 92 92 319
quadratic equation, 𝑦 = - 𝑥2 + 9𝑥 - 100, can be rewritten as 𝑦 = - 𝑥2 - 2 2 𝑥 + 2 + 2 - 100, or 𝑦 = - 𝑥 - 2 + - 4
. Thus, the
319
value of 𝑐 is equal to - .
4

Question ID a7711fe8
ID: a7711fe8
What is the minimum value of the function f

defined by ?
A.
B.
C. 2
D. 4
ID: a7711fe8 Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. The given quadratic function f is in vertex form, , where is the vertex of the
graph of in the xy-plane. Therefore, the vertex of the graph of is . In addition, the y-coordinate of
the vertex represents either the minimum or maximum value of a quadratic function, depending on whether the graph of the
function opens upward or downward. Since the leading coefficient of f (the coefficient of the term ) is 1, which is
positive, the graph of opens upward. It follows that at , the minimum value of the function f is .
Choice B is incorrect and may result from making a sign error and from using the x-coordinate of the vertex. Choice C is
incorrect and may result from using the x-coordinate of the vertex. Choice D is incorrect and may result from making a sign
error.

Question ID a8ae0d22
ID: a8ae0d22
Two variables, and , are related such that for each increase of in the value of , the value of increases by a factor of .
When , . Which equation represents this relationship?
A. msup
B. msup
C. msup
D. msup
ID: a8ae0d22 Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. Since the value of 𝑦 increases by a constant factor, 4, for each increase of 1 in the value of 𝑥, the
relationship between 𝑥 and 𝑦 is exponential. An exponential relationship between 𝑥 and 𝑦 can be represented by an equation
of the form 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑏𝑥 , where 𝑎 is the value of 𝑥 when 𝑦 = 0 and 𝑦 increases by a factor of 𝑏 for each increase of 1 in the value
of 𝑥. Since 𝑦 = 200 when 𝑥 = 0, 𝑎 = 200. Since 𝑦 increases by a factor of 4 for each increase of 1 in the value of 𝑥, 𝑏 = 4.
Substituting 200 for 𝑎 and 4 for 𝑏 in the equation 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑏𝑥 yields 𝑦 = 2004𝑥 . Thus, the equation 𝑦 = 2004𝑥 represents the
relationship between 𝑥 and 𝑦.
Choice A is incorrect and may result from conceptual errors.
Choice B is incorrect. This equation represents a relationship where for each increase of 1 in the value of 𝑥, the value of 𝑦
increases by a factor of 200, not 4, and when 𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 is equal to 4, not 200.
Choice C is incorrect and may result from conceptual errors.

Question ID 1a722d7d
ID: 1a722d7d
Let the function p be defined as , where c is a constant. If

, what is the value of ?
A. 10.00
B. 10.25
C. 10.75
D. 11.00
ID: 1a722d7d Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. The value of p(12) depends on the value of the constant c, so the value of c must first be determined. It
is given that p(c) = 10. Based on the definition of p, it follows that:
This means that for all values of x. Therefore:

Choice A is incorrect. It is the value of p(8), not p(12). Choices B and C are incorrect. If one of these values were correct, then
x = 12 and the selected value of p(12) could be substituted into the equation to solve for c. However, the values of c that
result from choices B and C each result in p(c) < 10.

Question ID 58b109d4

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: 58b109d4
The solution to the given system of equations is . What is the value of ?
ID: 58b109d4 Answer

Correct Answer: -10
Rationale
The correct answer is -10. Adding 𝑦 to both sides of the second equation in the given system yields 20𝑥 + 100 = 𝑦.
Substituting 20𝑥 + 100 for 𝑦 in the first equation in the given system yields 𝑥2 + 20𝑥 + 100 + 7 = 7. Subtracting 7 from both
sides of this equation yields 𝑥2 + 20𝑥 + 100 = 0. Factoring the left-hand side of this equation yields 𝑥 + 10𝑥 + 10 = 0, or
2
𝑥 + 10 = 0. Taking the square root of both sides of this equation yields 𝑥 + 10 = 0. Subtracting 10 from both sides of this
equation yields 𝑥 = - 10. Therefore, the value of 𝑥 is -10.

Question ID 85939da5
SAT Math Problem-Solving Inference from

and Data Analysis sample statistics
and margin of error
ID: 85939da5
Texting Talks on cell Does not talk on

behavior phone daily cell phone daily Total
Light 110 146 256
Medium 139 164 303
Heavy 166 74 240
Total 415 384 799
In a study of cell phone use, 799 randomly selected US teens were asked how
often they talked on a cell phone and about their texting behavior. The data are
summarized in the table above. Based on the data from the study, an estimate of
the percent of US teens who are heavy texters is 30% and the associated margin of
error is 3%. Which of the following is a correct statement based on the given
margin of error?
A. Approximately 3% of the teens in the study who are classified as heavy texters are not really heavy texters.
B. It is not possible that the percent of all US teens who are heavy texters is less than 27%.
C. The percent of all US teens who are heavy texters is 33%.
D. It is doubtful that the percent of all US teens who are heavy texters is 35%.
ID: 85939da5 Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. The given margin of error of 3% indicates that the actual percent of all US teens who are heavy texters is
likely within 3% of the estimate of 30%, or between 27% and 33%. Therefore, it is unlikely, or doubtful, that the percent of all
US teens who are heavy texters would be 35%.
Choice A is incorrect. The margin of error doesn’t provide any information about the accuracy of reporting in the study.
Choice B is incorrect. Based on the estimate and given margin of error, it is unlikely that the percent of all US teens who are
heavy texters would be less than 27%, but it is possible. Choice C is incorrect. While the percent of all US teens who are
heavy texters is likely between 27% and 33%, any value within this interval is equally likely. We can’t be certain that the value
is exactly 33%.

Question ID e29586d5
SAT Math Problem-Solving Probability and

and Data Analysis conditional
probability
ID: e29586d5
Number of Contestants by Score and Day

5 out 4 out 3 out 2 out 1 out 0 out
Total
of 5 of 5 of 5 of 5 of 5 of 5
Day
2 3 4 6 2 3 20
1
Day
2 3 5 5 4 1 20
2
Day
3 3 4 5 3 2 20
3
Total 7 9 13 16 9 6 60
The same 20 contestants, on each of 3 days, answered 5 questions in order to win a prize. Each contestant received 1 point
for each correct answer. The number of contestants receiving a given score on each day is shown in the table above.
No contestant received the same score on two different days. If a contestant is
selected at random, what is the probability that the selected contestant received a
score of 5 on Day 2 or Day 3, given that the contestant received a score of 5 on one
of the three days?
ID: e29586d5 Answer
Rationale
The correct answer is . It is given that no contestant received the same score on two different days, so each of the
contestants who received a score of 5 is represented in the “5 out of 5” column of the table exactly once. Therefore, the
probability of selecting a contestant who received a score of 5 on Day 2 or Day 3, given that the contestant received a score
of 5 on one of the three days, is found by dividing the total number of contestants who received a score of 5 on Day 2 or Day
3 by the total number of contestants who received a score of 5, which is given in the table as 7. So the probability
is . Note that 5/7, .7142, .7143, and 0.714 are examples of ways to enter a correct answer.

Question ID 954943a4
SAT Math Problem-Solving Percentages

and Data Analysis
ID: 954943a4
Jennifer bought a box of Crunchy Grain cereal. The nutrition facts on the box state
that a serving size of the cereal is cup and provides 210 calories, 50 of which
are calories from fat. In addition, each serving of the cereal provides 180
milligrams of potassium, which is 5% of the daily allowance for adults. If p percent
of an adult’s daily allowance of potassium is provided by x servings of Crunchy
Grain cereal per day, which of the following expresses p in terms of x ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 954943a4 Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. It’s given that each serving of Crunchy Grain cereal provides 5% of an adult’s daily allowance of
potassium, so x servings would provide x times 5%. The percentage of an adult’s daily allowance of potassium, p, is 5 times
the number of servings, x. Therefore, the percentage of an adult’s daily allowance of potassium can be expressed as .
Choices A, C, and D are incorrect and may result from incorrectly converting 5% to its decimal equivalent, which isn’t
necessary since p is expressed as a percentage. Additionally, choices C and D are incorrect because the context should be
represented by a linear relationship, not by an exponential relationship.

Question ID c7e73ece

and margin of error
ID: c7e73ece
Views on Nuclear Energy
Use
Response Frequency
Strongly favor 56
Somewhat
214
favor
Somewhat
104
oppose
Strongly
37
oppose
A researcher interviewed 411 randomly selected US residents and asked about their views on the use of nuclear energy. The
table above summarizes the responses of the interviewees. If the population of the United States was 300 million when the
survey was given, based on the sample data for the 411 US residents, what is the best estimate, in millions, of the difference
between the number of US residents who somewhat favor or strongly favor the use of nuclear energy and the number of
those who somewhat oppose or strongly oppose it? (Round your answer to the nearest whole number.)
ID: c7e73ece Answer
Rationale
The correct answer is 94. Of those interviewed, “strongly favor” or “somewhat favor” the use of nuclear
energy, and interviewees “somewhat oppose” or “strongly oppose” the use of nuclear energy. The difference
between the sizes of the two surveyed groups is . The proportion of this difference among the entire group
of interviewees is . Because the sample of interviewees was selected at random from US residents, it is reasonable to
assume that the proportion of this difference is the same among all US residents as in the sample. Therefore, the best
estimate, in millions, of the difference between the number of US residents who somewhat favor or strongly favor the use of
nuclear energy and the number of those who somewhat oppose or strongly oppose it is , which to the nearest
million is 94.

Question ID d3b9c8d8
SAT Math Problem-Solving One-variable data:

and Data Analysis Distributions and
measures of center
and spread
ID: d3b9c8d8
The box plots summarize the masses, in kilograms, of two groups of gazelles. Based on the box plots, which of the following
statements must be true?
A. The mean mass of group 1 is greater than the mean mass of group 2.
B. The mean mass of group 1 is less than the mean mass of group 2.
C. The median mass of group 1 is greater than the median mass of group 2.
D. The median mass of group 1 is less than the median mass of group 2.
ID: d3b9c8d8 Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. The median of a data set represented in a box plot is represented by the vertical line within the box. It
follows that the median mass of the gazelles in group 1 is 25 kilograms, and the median mass of the gazelles in group 2 is
24 kilograms. Since 25 kilograms is greater than 24 kilograms, the median mass of group 1 is greater than the median mass
of group 2.
Choice A is incorrect. The mean mass of each of the two groups cannot be determined from the box plots.
Choice B is incorrect. The mean mass of each of the two groups cannot be determined from the box plots.

Question ID 65c49824

and Data Analysis
ID: 65c49824
A school district is forming a committee to discuss plans for the construction of a

new high school. Of those invited to join the committee, 15% are parents of
students, 45% are teachers from the current high school, 25% are school and
district administrators, and the remaining 6 individuals are students. How many
more teachers were invited to join the committee than school and district
administrators?
ID: 65c49824 Answer
Rationale
The correct answer is 8. The 6 students represent of those invited to join the committee. If
x people were invited to join the committee, then . Thus, there were people invited to join the
committee. It follows that there were teachers and school and district administrators invited
to join the committee. Therefore, there were 8 more teachers than school and district administrators invited to join the
committee.

Question ID 1ea09200
SAT Math Problem-Solving Evaluating

and Data Analysis statistical claims:
Observational
studies and
experiments
ID: 1ea09200
A sample of 40 fourth-grade students was selected at random from a certain

school. The 40 students completed a survey about the morning announcements,
and 32 thought the announcements were helpful. Which of the following is the
largest population to which the results of the survey can be applied?
A. The 40 students who were surveyed
B. All fourth-grade students at the school
C. All students at the school
D. All fourth-grade students in the county in which the school is located
ID: 1ea09200 Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. Selecting a sample of a reasonable size at random to use for a survey allows the results from that survey
to be applied to the population from which the sample was selected, but not beyond this population. In this case, the
population from which the sample was selected is all fourth-grade students at a certain school. Therefore, the results of the
survey can be applied to all fourth-grade students at the school.
Choice A is incorrect. The results of the survey can be applied to the 40 students who were surveyed. However, this isn’t the
largest group to which the results of the survey can be applied. Choices C and D are incorrect. Since the sample was
selected at random from among the fourth-grade students at a certain school, the results of the survey can’t be applied to
other students at the school or to other fourth-grade students who weren’t represented in the survey results. Students in
other grades in the school or other fourth-grade students in the country may feel differently about announcements than the
fourth-grade students at the school.

Question ID 0231050d

and Data Analysis
ID: 0231050d
The line graph shows the total amount of snow, in inches, recorded each year in
Washington, DC, from 2003 to 2015. If is the percent decrease in the annual
snowfall from 2003 to 2007, what is the value of p ?
ID: 0231050d Answer
Rationale
The correct answer is 75. The percent decrease between two values is found by dividing the difference between the two
values by the original value and multiplying by 100. The line graph shows that the annual snowfall in 2003 was 40 inches,
and the annual snowfall in 2007 was 10 inches. Therefore, the percent decrease in the annual snowfall from 2003 to 2007 is
, or 75. It’s given that this is equivalent to , so the value of p is 75.

Question ID 0ea56bb2

and Data Analysis
ID: 0ea56bb2
Subscriptions
Year
sold
2012 5,600
2013 5,880
The manager of an online news service received the report above on the number of
subscriptions sold by the service. The manager estimated that the percent
increase from 2012 to 2013 would be double the percent increase from 2013 to
2014. How many subscriptions did the manager expect would be sold in 2014?
A. 6,020
B. 6,027
C. 6,440
D. 6,468
ID: 0ea56bb2 Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. The percent increase from 2012 to 2013 was , or 5%. Since the percent increase
from 2012 to 2013 was estimated to be double the percent increase from 2013 to 2014, the percent increase from 2013 to
2014 was expected to be 2.5%.
Therefore, the number of subscriptions sold in 2014 is expected to be the number of subscriptions sold in 2013 multiplied by
, or .
Choice A is incorrect and is the result of adding half of the value of the increase from 2012 to 2013 to the 2013 result.
Choice C is incorrect and is the result adding twice the value of the increase from 2012 to 2013 to the 2013 result. Choice D
is incorrect and is the result of interpreting the percent increase from 2013 to 2014 as double the percent increase from
2012 to 2013.

Question ID d4413871

probability
ID: d4413871
Blood type
Rhesus factor A B AB O
33 9 3 37
7 2 1 x
Human blood can be classified into four common blood types—A, B, AB, and O. It is
also characterized by the presence or absence of the rhesus factor. The
table above shows the distribution of blood type and rhesus factor for a group of
people. If one of these people who is rhesus negative is chosen at random, the
probability that the person has blood type B is . What is the value of x ?
ID: d4413871 Answer
Rationale
The correct answer is 8. In this group, of the people who are rhesus negative have blood type B. The total number of
people who are rhesus negative in the group is , and there are 2 people who are rhesus negative with blood type
B. Therefore, . Combining like terms on the left-hand side of the equation yields .
Multiplying both sides of this equation by 9 yields , and multiplying both sides of this equation by
yields . Subtracting 10 from both sides of this equation yields .

Question ID 190be2fc

measures of center
and spread
ID: 190be2fc
Data set A consists of positive integers less than . The list shown gives of the integers from data set A.
, , , , , , , ,
The mean of these integers is . If the mean of data set A is an integer that is greater than , what is the value of the
largest integer from data set A?
ID: 190be2fc Answer

Correct Answer: 52
Rationale
The correct answer is 52. The mean of a data set is calculated by dividing the sum of the data values by the number of
values. It’s given that data set A consists of 10 values, 9 of which are shown. Let 𝑥 represent the 10th data value in data set
43 + 45 + 44 + 43 + 38 + 39 + 40 + 46 + 40 + 𝑥
A, which isn’t shown. The mean of data set A can be found using the expression 10
, or
378 + 𝑥
10
. It’s given that the mean of the 9 values shown is 42 and that the mean of all 10 numbers is greater than 42.
Consequently, the 10th data value, 𝑥, is larger than 42. It’s also given that the data values in data set A are positive integers
less than 60. Thus, 42 < 𝑥 < 60. Finally, it’s given that the mean of data set A is an integer. This means that the sum of the 10
data values, 378 + 𝑥, is divisible by 10. Thus, 378 + 𝑥 must have a ones digit of 0. It follows that 𝑥 must have a ones digit of 2
. Since 42 < 𝑥 < 60 and 𝑥 has a ones digit of 2, the only possible value of 𝑥 is 52. Since 52 is larger than any of the integers
shown, the largest integer from data set A is 52.

Question ID c178d4da

measures of center
and spread
ID: c178d4da
Value Data set A frequency Data set B frequency
Data set A and data set B each consist of values. The table shows the frequencies of the values for each data set. Which
of the following statements best compares the means of the two data sets?
A. The mean of data set A is greater than the mean of data set B.
B. The mean of data set A is less than the mean of data set B.
C. The mean of data set A is equal to the mean of data set B.
D. There is not enough information to compare the means of the data sets.
ID: c178d4da Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. The mean value of a data set is the sum of the values of the data set divided by the number of values in
the data set. When a data set is represented in a frequency table, the sum of the values in the data set is the sum of the
products of each value and its frequency. For data set A, the sum of products of each value and its frequency is
302 + 344 + 385 + 427 + 469, or 1,094. It's given that there are 27 values in data set A. Therefore, the mean of data set A is
1,094 958
27
, or approximately 40.52. Similarly, the mean of data B is27
, or approximately 35.48. Therefore, the mean of data set A is
greater than the mean of data set B.

Question ID 457d2f2c

measures of center
and spread
ID: 457d2f2c
A data set of 27 different numbers has a mean of 33 and a median of 33. A new
data set is created by adding 7 to each number in the original data set that is
greater than the median and subtracting 7 from each number in the original data
set that is less than the median. Which of the following measures does NOT have
the same value in both the original and new data sets?
A. Median
B. Mean
C. Sum of the numbers
D. Standard deviation
ID: 457d2f2c Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. When a data set has an odd number of elements, the median can be found by ordering the values from
least to greatest and determining the middle value. Out of the 27 different numbers in this data set, 13 numbers are below
the median, one number is exactly 33, and 13 numbers are above the median. When 7 is subtracted from each number below
the median and added to each number above the median, the data spread out from the median. Since the median of this
data set, 33, is equivalent to the mean of the data set, the data also spread out from the mean. Since standard deviation is a
measure of how spread out the data are from the mean, a greater spread from the mean indicates an increased standard
deviation.
Choice A is incorrect. All the numbers less than the median decrease and all the numbers greater than the median increase,
but the median itself doesn’t change. Choices B and C are incorrect. The mean of a data set is found by dividing the sum of
the values by the number of values. The net change from subtracting 7 from 13 numbers and adding 7 to 13 numbers is
zero. Therefore, neither the mean nor the sum of the numbers changes.

Question ID c9fb15ad
SAT Math Problem-Solving Ratios, rates,

and Data Analysis proportional
relationships, and
units
ID: c9fb15ad
Species of Growth
tree factor
Red maple 4.5
River birch 3.5
Cottonwood 2.0
Black walnut 4.5
White birch 5.0
American elm 4.0
Pin oak 3.0
Shagbark
7.5
hickory
One method of calculating the approximate age, in years, of a tree of a particular

species is to multiply the diameter of the tree, in inches, by a constant called the
growth factor for that species. The table above gives the growth factors for eight
species of trees. If a white birch tree and a pin oak tree each now have a diameter
of 1 foot, which of the following will be closest to the difference, in inches, of their
diameters 10 years from now? (1 foot = 12 inches)
A. 1.0
B. 1.2
C. 1.3
D. 1.4
ID: c9fb15ad Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. According to the given information, multiplying a tree species’ growth factor by the tree’s diameter is a
method to approximate the age of the tree. A white birch with a diameter of 12 inches (or 1 foot) has a given growth factor of
5 and is approximately 60 years old. A pin oak with a diameter of 12 inches (or 1 foot) has a given growth factor of 3 and is
approximately 36 years old. The diameters of the two trees 10 years from now can be found by dividing each tree’s age in 10
years, 70 years, and 46 years, by its respective growth factor. This yields 14 inches and inches. The difference between
and 14 is , or approximately 1.3 inches.
Alternate approach: Since a white birch has a growth factor of 5, the age increases at a rate of 5 years per inch or,
equivalently, the diameter increases at a rate of of an inch per year. Likewise, the pin oak has a growth factor of 3, so its
diameter increases at a rate of of an inch per year. Thus, the pin oak grows of an inch per year more than the white
birch. In 10 years it will grow of an inch more, which is approximately 1.3 inches.
Choices A, B, and D are incorrect and a result of incorrectly calculating the diameters of the two trees in 10 years.

Question ID d6af3572
SAT Math Problem-Solving Two-variable data:

and Data Analysis Models and
scatterplots
ID: d6af3572
The scatterplot above shows the federal-mandated minimum wage every 10 years
between 1940 and 2010. A line of best fit is shown, and its equation is
. What does the line of best fit predict about the increase in the
minimum wage over the 70-year period?
A. Each year between 1940 and 2010, the average increase in minimum wage was 0.096 dollars.
B. Each year between 1940 and 2010, the average increase in minimum wage was 0.49 dollars.
C. Every 10 years between 1940 and 2010, the average increase in minimum wage was 0.096 dollars.
D. Every 10 years between 1940 and 2010, the average increase in minimum wage was 0.488 dollars.
ID: d6af3572 Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. The given equation is in slope-intercept form, or , where m is the value of the slope of the
line of best fit. Therefore, the slope of the line of best fit is 0.096. From the definition of slope, it follows that an increase of 1
in the x-value corresponds to an increase of 0.096 in the y-value. Therefore, the line of best fit predicts that for each year
between 1940 and 2010, the minimum wage will increase by 0.096 dollar per hour.
Choice B is incorrect and may result from using the y-coordinate of the y-intercept as the average increase, instead of the
slope. Choice C is incorrect and may result from using the 10-year increments given on the x-axis to incorrectly interpret the
slope of the line of best fit. Choice D is incorrect and may result from using the y-coordinate of the y-intercept as the average
increase, instead of the slope, and from using the 10-year increments given on the x-axis to incorrectly interpret the slope of
the line of best fit.

Question ID 69f6717f

relationships, and
units
ID: 69f6717f
A sample of oak has a density of kilograms per cubic meter. The sample is in the shape of a cube, where each edge has
a length of meters. To the nearest whole number, what is the mass, in kilograms, of this sample?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 69f6717f Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. It’s given that the sample is in the shape of a cube with edge lengths of 0.9 meters. Therefore, the
3
volume of the sample is 0.90 , or 0.729, cubic meters. It’s also given that the sample has a density of 807 kilograms per 1
807 kilograms
cubic meter. Therefore, the mass of this sample is 0.729 cubic meters 1 cubic meter
, or 588.303 kilograms. Rounding this mass
to the nearest whole number gives 588 kilograms. Therefore, to the nearest whole number, the mass, in kilograms, of this
sample is 588.

Question ID d65b9a87

measures of center
and spread
ID: d65b9a87
The dot plots represent the distributions of values in data sets A and B.
Which of the following statements must be true?

I. The median of data set A is equal to the median of data set B.
II. The standard deviation of data set A is equal to the standard deviation of data set B.
A. I only
B. II only
C. I and II
D. Neither I nor II
ID: d65b9a87 Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. The median of a data set with an odd number of values that are in ascending or descending order is the
middle value of the data set. Since the distribution of the values of both data set A and data set B form symmetric dot plots,
and each data set has an odd number of values, it follows that the median is given by the middle value in each of the dot
plots. Thus, the median of data set A is 13, and the median of data set B is 13. Therefore, statement I is true. Data set A and
data set B have the same frequency for each of the values 11, 12, 14, and 15. Data set A has a frequency of 1 for values 10
and 16, whereas data set B has a frequency of 2 for values 10 and 16. Standard deviation is a measure of the spread of a
data set; it is larger when there are more values further from the mean, and smaller when there are more values closer to the
mean. Since both distributions are symmetric with an odd number of values, the mean of each data set is equal to its
median. Thus, each data set has a mean of 13. Since more of the values in data set A are closer to 13 than data set B, it
follows that data set A has a smaller standard deviation than data set B. Thus, statement II is false. Therefore, only
statement I must be true.


Question ID f8a322d9

measures of center
and spread
ID: f8a322d9
Two data sets of integers each are summarized in the histograms shown. For each of the histograms, the first interval
represents the frequency of integers greater than or equal to , but less than . The second interval represents the
frequency of integers greater than or equal to , but less than , and so on. What is the smallest possible difference
between the mean of data set A and the mean of data set B?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: f8a322d9 Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. The histograms shown have the same shape, but data set A contains values between 20 and 60 and
data set B contains values between 10 and 50. Thus, the mean of data set A is greater than the mean of data set B.
Therefore, the smallest possible difference between the mean of data set A and the mean of data set B is the difference
between the smallest possible mean of data set A and the greatest possible mean of data set B. In data set A, since there
are 3 integers in the interval greater than or equal to 20 but less than 30, 4 integers greater than or equal to 30 but less than
40, 7 integers greater than or equal to 40 but less than 50, and 9 integers greater than or equal to 50 but less than 60, the
3 · 20 + 4 · 30 + 7 · 40 + 9 · 50
smallest possible mean for data set A is 23
. In data set B, since there are 3 integers greater than or equal
to 10 but less than 20, 4 integers greater than or equal to 20 but less than 30, 7 integers greater than or equal to 30 but less
than 40, and 9 integers greater than or equal to 40 but less than 50, the largest possible mean for data set B is
3 · 19 + 4 · 29 + 7 · 39 + 9 · 49
23
. Therefore, the smallest possible difference between the mean of data set A and the mean of data set
3 · 20 + 4 · 30 + 7 · 40 + 9 · 50 3 · 19 + 4 · 29 + 7 · 39 + 9 · 49 3 · 20 - 3 · 19 + 4 · 30 - 4 · 29 + 7 · 40 - 7 · 39 + 9 · 50 - 9 · 49
B is 23
-
23
, which is equivalent to 23
. This
320 - 19 + 430 - 29 + 740 - 39 + 950 - 49 23
expression can be rewritten as , or , which is equal to 1. Therefore, the smallest possible
23 23
difference between the mean of data set A and the mean of data set B is 1.
Choice A is incorrect. This is the smallest possible difference between the ranges, not the means, of the data sets.
Choice C is incorrect. This is the difference between the greatest possible mean, not the smallest possible mean, of data set
A and the greatest possible mean of data set B.
Choice D is incorrect. This is the smallest possible difference between the sum of the values in data set A and the sum of the
values in data set B, not the smallest possible difference between the means.


relationships, and
units
ID: 3638f413
Jeremy deposited x dollars in his investment account on January 1, 2001. The

amount of money in the account doubled each year until Jeremy had 480 dollars in
his investment account on January 1, 2005. What is the value of x ?
ID: 3638f413 Answer
Rationale
The correct answer is 30. The situation can be represented by the equation , where the 2 represents the fact
that the amount of money in the account doubled each year and the 4 represents the fact that there are 4 years between
January 1, 2001, and January 1, 2005. Simplifying gives . Therefore, .

Question ID 1142af44

measures of center
and spread
ID: 1142af44
Value Frequency
1 a
2 2a
3 3a
4 2a
5 a
The frequency distribution above summarizes a set of data, where a is a positive

integer. How much greater is the mean of the set of data than the median?
A. 0
B. 1
C. 2
D. 3
ID: 1142af44 Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. Since the frequencies of values less than the middle value, 3, are the same as the frequencies of the
values greater than 3, the set of data has a symmetric distribution. When a set of data has a symmetric distribution, the
mean and median values are equal. Therefore, the mean is 0 greater than the median.
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect and may result from misinterpreting the set of data.

Question ID 651d83bb

measures of center
and spread
ID: 651d83bb
Two different teams consisting of 10 members each ran in a race. Each member’s completion time of the race was
recorded. The mean of the completion times for each team was calculated and is shown below.
Team A: 3.41 minutes
Team B: 3.79 minutes
Which of the following MUST be true?

1. Every member of team A completed the race in less time than any member of team B.
2. The median time it took the members of team B to complete the race is greater than the median time it took the
members of team A to complete the race.
3. There is at least one member of team B who took more time to complete the race than some member of team A.
A. III only
B. I and III only
C. II and III only
D. I, II, and III
ID: 651d83bb Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. Since the average time for the 10 members of team A is 3.41 minutes, the sum of the 10 times for team
A is equal to minutes. Since the average time for the 10 members of team B is 3.79 minutes, the sum of
the 10 times for team B is equal to minutes. Since the sum of the 10 times for team B is greater than the
sum of the 10 times for team A, it must be true that at least one of the times for team B must be greater than one of the
times for team A. Thus, statement III is true. However, it’s possible that at least some of the times for team A were greater
than some of the times for team B. For example, all of team A’s times could be 3.41 minutes, and team B could have 1 time
of 3.34 minutes and 9 times of 3.84 minutes. Thus, statement I need not be true. It’s also possible that the median of the
times for team B is less than the median of the times for team A. For example, all of team A’s times could be 3.41 minutes,
and team B could have 6 times of 3.37 minutes and 4 times of 4.42 minutes; then the median of team B’s times would be
3.37 minutes and the median of team A’s times would be 3.41 minutes. Thus, statement II need not be true.
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because neither statement I nor statement II must be true.

Question ID 1e8ccffd

measures of center
and spread
ID: 1e8ccffd
The mean score of 8 players in a basketball game was 14.5 points. If the highest
individual score is removed, the mean score of the remaining 7 players becomes
12 points. What was the highest score?
A. 20
B. 24
C. 32
D. 36
ID: 1e8ccffd Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. If the mean score of 8 players is 14.5, then the total of all 8 scores is . If the mean of 7
scores is 12, then the total of all 7 scores is . Since the set of 7 scores was made by removing the highest score
of the set of 8 scores, then the difference between the total of all 8 scores and the total of all 7 scores is equal to the
removed score: .
Choice A is incorrect because if 20 is removed from the group of 8 scores, then the mean score of the remaining 7 players is
is approximately 13.71, not 12. Choice B is incorrect because if 24 is removed from the group of 8 scores,
then the mean score of the remaining 7 players is is approximately 13.14, not 12. Choice D is incorrect
because if 36 is removed from the group of 8 scores, then the mean score of the remaining 7 players is or
approximately 11.43, not 12.

Question ID 1e1027a7

scatterplots
ID: 1e1027a7
The scatterplot above shows a company’s ice cream sales d, in dollars, and the
high temperature t, in degrees Celsius (°C), on 12 different days. A line of best fit
for the data is also shown. Which of the following could be an equation of the line
of best fit?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 1e1027a7 Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. On the line of best fit, d increases from approximately 480 to 880 between and . The slope
of the line of best fit is the difference in d-values divided by the difference in t-values, which gives , or
approximately 33. Writing the equation of the line of best fit in slope-intercept form gives , where b is the y-
coordinate of the y-intercept. This equation is satisfied by all points on the line, so when . Thus,
, which is equivalent to . Subtracting 396 from both sides of this equation gives .
Therefore, an equation for the line of best fit could be .
Choice A is incorrect and may result from an error in calculating the slope and misidentifying the y-coordinate of the y-
intercept of the graph as the value of d at rather than the value of d at . Choice B is incorrect and may result
from using the smallest value of t on the graph as the slope and misidentifying the y-coordinate of the y-intercept of the
graph as the value of d at rather than the value of d at . Choice C is incorrect and may result from misidentifying
the y-coordinate of the y-intercept as the smallest value of d on the graph.

Question ID 3f775bbf

relationships, and
units
ID: 3f775bbf
Power capacity
State
Low Medium High Total
Texas 4 2 3 9
California 1 0 1 2
Oregon 1 0 1 2
Indiana 0 2 0 2
Colorado 1 1 0 2
Iowa 2 0 0 2
Oklahoma 1 0 0 1
Total 10 5 5 20
The table shows the distribution, by location and power capacity (maximum rate of
power generation) of the twenty largest wind projects in the United States in 2013.
The total power capacity of the nine wind projects located in Texas was 4,952
megawatts (MW), and the total power capacity of the twenty wind projects was
11,037 MW in 2013. The amount of energy produced in one hour at a rate of one
megawatt is one megawatt-hour. If each of the nine Texas wind projects in 2013
had operated continuously for 24 hours at the maximum rate of power generation,
approximately how many megawatt-hours of energy would the nine projects have
produced?
A. 200
B. 5,000
C. 11,000
D. 120,000
ID: 3f775bbf Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. It’s given that the total power capacity of the nine wind projects in Texas was 4,952 megawatts.
Therefore, if all nine Texas projects operated continuously for 1 hour, the amount of energy produced would be 4,952
megawatt-hours. It follows that, if all nine Texas projects operated continuously for 24 hours, the amount of energy
produced, in megawatt-hours, would be , which is closest to 120,000.
Choice A is incorrect. This is approximately the amount of energy produced for the nine projects divided by 24 hours. Choice
B is incorrect. This is approximately the amount of energy produced for the nine projects. Choice C is incorrect. This is
approximately the given amount of energy produced for all twenty projects in the table.

Question ID 8637294f

relationships, and
units
ID: 8637294f
If and , what is the value of ?
ID: 8637294f Answer

Rationale
4𝑎 𝑎 4𝑎 𝑎
The correct answer is .0625 . It's given that 𝑏
= 6.7 and
𝑏𝑛
= 26.8. The equation
𝑏
= 6.7 can be rewritten as 4 = 6.7.
𝑏
𝑎 𝑎 𝑎1
Dividing both sides of this equation by 4 yields 𝑏
= 1.675. The equation 𝑏𝑛
= 26.8 can be rewritten as 𝑏𝑛
= 26.8. Substituting
𝑎 1 1.675
1.675 for 𝑏
in this equation yields 1.675 = 26.8, or
𝑛 𝑛
= 26.8. Multiplying both sides of this equation by 𝑛 yields
1.675 = 26.8𝑛. Dividing both sides of this equation by 26.8 yields 𝑛 = 0.0625. Therefore, the value of 𝑛 is 0.0625. Note that
.0625, 0.062, 0.063, and 1/16 are examples of ways to enter a correct answer.

Question ID 6626cac3

probability
ID: 6626cac3
Phone Email
Dinner
55% 80%
dance
Football
20% 10%
game
Picnic 20% 5%
Pool party 5% 5%
Total 100% 100%
An alumni association survey asked each high school graduate to select the one activity he or she preferred
for the association’s next event. Some of the people responded by phone, and the others responded by email.
The table above shows the distribution of preferred activity, in percent, for each response type used. For the
survey, the number of email responses was twice the number of phone responses. If a person who preferred
a picnic is selected at random, what is the probability that the person responded by email?
ID: 6626cac3 Answer
Rationale
The correct answer is . It’s given that the number of email responses is twice the number of phone responses. Therefore,
if the number of phone responses is p, then the number of email responses is . The table shows that 20% of people who
responded by phone preferred a picnic. It follows that the expression represents the number of these people. The
table also shows that 5% of the people who responded by email preferred a picnic. The expression , or ,
represents the number of these people. Therefore, a total of , or people preferred a picnic. Thus, the
probability of selecting at random a person who responded by email from the people who preferred a picnic is , or
. Note that 1/3, .3333, and 0.333 are examples of ways to enter a correct answer.

Question ID 308084c5

and margin of error
ID: 308084c5
Sample Percent in favor Margin of error
A 52% 4.2%
B 48% 1.6%
The results of two random samples of votes for a proposition are shown above.
The samples were selected from the same population, and the margins of error
were calculated using the same method. Which of the following is the most
appropriate reason that the margin of error for sample A is greater than the margin
of error for sample B?
A. Sample A had a smaller number of votes that could not be recorded.
B. Sample A had a higher percent of favorable responses.
C. Sample A had a larger sample size.
D. Sample A had a smaller sample size.
ID: 308084c5 Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. Sample size is an appropriate reason for the margin of error to change. In general, a smaller sample size
increases the margin of error because the sample may be less representative of the whole population.
Choice A is incorrect. The margin of error will depend on the size of the sample of recorded votes, not the number of votes
that could not be recorded. In any case, the smaller number of votes that could not be recorded for sample A would tend to
decrease, not increase, the comparative size of the margin of error. Choice B is incorrect. Since the percent in favor for
sample A is the same distance from 50% as the percent in favor for sample B, the percent of favorable responses doesn’t
affect the comparative size of the margin of error for the two samples. Choice C is incorrect. If sample A had a larger margin
of error than sample B, then sample A would tend to be less representative of the population. Therefore, sample A is not
likely to have a larger sample size.


relationships, and
units
ID: 7d721177
The density of a certain type of wood is kilograms per cubic meter. A sample of this type of wood is in the shape of a
cube and has a mass of kilograms. To the nearest hundredth of a meter, what is the length of one edge of this sample?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 7d721177 Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. It’s given that the density of a certain type of wood is 353 kilograms per cubic meter kg/m3 , and a
sample of this type of wood has a mass of 345 kg. Let 𝑥 represent the volume, in m3 , of the sample. It follows that the
relationship between the density, mass, and volume of this sample can be written
353 kg 345 kg 345
as 1 m3
= 𝑥 m3
, or 353 = 𝑥
. Multiplying both sides of this equation by 𝑥 yields 353𝑥 = 345. Dividing both sides of this
345 345
equation by 353 yields 𝑥 = 353
. Therefore, the volume of this sample is 353 m3 . Since it’s given that the sample of this type
of wood is a cube, it follows that the length of one edge of this sample can be found using the volume formula for a cube,
345
𝑉 = 𝑠3 , where 𝑉 represents the volume, in m3 , and 𝑠 represents the length, in m, of one edge of the cube. Substituting 353
for 𝑉
345 3 345
in this formula yields 353
= 𝑠3 . Taking the cube root of both sides of this equation yields √ 353 = 𝑠, or 𝑠 ≈ 0 . 99. Therefore, the
length of one edge of this sample to the nearest hundredth of a meter is 0.99.
Choices A, C, and D are incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Question ID 67c0200a

and Data Analysis
ID: 67c0200a
The number is less than the positive number . The number is greater than . The number is how many
times ?
ID: 67c0200a Answer

Rationale
70
The correct answer is .54 . It's given that the number 𝑎 is 70% less than the positive number 𝑏. Therefore, 𝑎 = 1 - 100 𝑏, which
80
is equivalent to 𝑎 = 1 - 0.70𝑏, or 𝑎 = 0.30𝑏. It's also given that the number 𝑐 is 80% greater than 𝑎. Therefore, 𝑐 = 1 + 100 𝑎,
which is equivalent to 𝑐 = 1 + 0.80𝑎, or 𝑐 = 1.80𝑎. Since 𝑎 = 0.30𝑏, substituting 0.30𝑏 for 𝑎 in the equation 𝑐 = 1.80𝑎 yields
𝑐 = 1.800.30𝑏, or 𝑐 = 0.54𝑏. Thus, 𝑐 is 0.54 times 𝑏. Note that .54 and 27/50 are examples of ways to enter a correct answer.

Question ID 40e7a1a9

and Data Analysis
ID: 40e7a1a9
is greater than . What is the value of ?
ID: 40e7a1a9 Answer

Correct Answer: 600
Rationale
𝑝
The correct answer is 600. It’s given that 210 is 𝑝% greater than 30. It follows that 210 = 1 + 30. Dividing both sides of
100
𝑝 𝑝
this equation by 30 yields 7 = 1 + 100 . Subtracting 1 from both sides of this equation yields 6 = 100 . Multiplying both sides of
this equation by 100 yields 𝑝 = 600. Therefore, the value of 𝑝 is 600.

Question ID 7d68096f

Observational
studies and
experiments
ID: 7d68096f
A trivia tournament organizer wanted to study the relationship between the number of points a team scores in a trivia round
and the number of hours that a team practices each week. For the study, the organizer selected teams at random from all
trivia teams in a certain tournament. The table displays the information for the teams in the sample that practiced for at
least hours per week.
Number of points per round

Hours practiced
6 to 13 points 14 or more points Total
3 to 5 hours
More than 5 hours
Total
Which of the following is the largest population to which the results of the study can be generalized?
A. All trivia teams in the tournament that scored or more points in the round
B. The trivia teams in the sample
C. The trivia teams in the sample that practiced for at least hours per week
D. All trivia teams in the tournament
ID: 7d68096f Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. It's given that the organizer selected 55 teams at random from all trivia teams in the tournament. A table
is also given displaying the information for the 40 teams in the sample that practiced for at least 3 hours per week. Selecting
a sample of a reasonable size at random to use for a survey allows the results from that survey to be applied to the
population from which the sample was selected, but not beyond this population. Thus, only the sampling method
information is necessary to determine the largest population to which the results of the study can be generalized. Since the
organizer selected the sample at random from all trivia teams in the tournament, the largest population to which the results
of the study can be generalized is all trivia teams in the tournament.
Choice A is incorrect. The sample was selected at random from all trivia teams in the tournament, not just from the teams
that scored an average of 14 or more points per round.
Choice B is incorrect. If a study uses a sample selected at random from a population, the results of the study can be
generalized to the population, not just the sample.
Choice C is incorrect. If a study uses a sample selected at random from a population, the results of the study can be
generalized to the population, not just a subset of the sample.

Question ID bf47ad54

measures of center
and spread
ID: bf47ad54
Each of the following frequency tables represents a data set. Which data set has the greatest mean?
Value Frequency
A.
Value Frequency
B.
Value Frequency
C.
Value Frequency
D.
ID: bf47ad54 Answer
Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. The tables in choices B, C, and D each represent a data set where the values 80 and 90 have the same
frequency and the values 70 and 100 have the same frequency. It follows that each of these data sets is symmetric around
the value halfway between 80 and 90, or 85. When a data set is symmetric around a value, that value is the mean of the data
set. Therefore, the data sets represented by the tables in choices B, C, and D each have a mean of 85. The table in choice A
represents a data set where the value 90 has a greater frequency than the value 80 and the value 100 has a greater
frequency than the value 70. It follows that this data set has a mean greater than 85. Therefore, of the given choices, choice
A represents the data set with the greatest mean.

Question ID 585de39a

probability
ID: 585de39a
On May 10, 2015, there were 83 million Internet subscribers in Nigeria. The major
Internet providers were MTN, Globacom, Airtel, Etisalat, and Visafone. By
September 30, 2015, the number of Internet subscribers in Nigeria had increased
to 97 million. If an Internet subscriber in Nigeria on September 30, 2015, is selected
at random, the probability that the person selected was an MTN subscriber is 0.43.
There were p million MTN subscribers in Nigeria on September 30, 2015. To the
nearest integer, what is the value of p ?
ID: 585de39a Answer
Rationale
The correct answer is 42. It’s given that in Nigeria on September 30, 2015, the probability of selecting an MTN subscriber
from all Internet subscribers is 0.43, that there were p million, or , MTN subscribers, and that there were 97
million, or 97,000,000, Internet subscribers. The probability of selecting an MTN subscriber from all Internet subscribers can
be found by dividing the number of MTN subscribers by the total number of Internet subscribers. Therefore, the equation
can be used to solve for p. Dividing 1,000,000 from the numerator and denominator of the
expression on the left-hand side yields . Multiplying both sides of this equation by 97 yields
, which, to the nearest integer, is 42.

Question ID 4ff597db

measures of center
and spread
ID: 4ff597db
The mean amount of time that the 20 employees of a construction company have
worked for the company is 6.7 years. After one of the employees leaves the
company, the mean amount of time that the remaining employees have worked for
the company is reduced to 6.25 years. How many years did the employee who left
the company work for the company?
A. 0.45
B. 2.30
C. 9.00
D. 15.25
ID: 4ff597db Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. The mean amount of time that the 20 employees worked for the company is 6.7 years. This means that
the total number of years all 20 employees worked for the company is (6.7)(20) = 134 years. After the employee left, the
mean amount of time that the remaining 19 employees worked for the company is 6.25 years. Therefore, the total number of
years all 19 employees worked for the company is (6.25)(19) = 118.75 years. It follows that the number of years that the
employee who left had worked for the company is 134 – 118.75 = 15.25 years.
Choice A is incorrect; this is the change in the mean, which isn’t the same as the amount of time worked by the employee
who left. Choice B is incorrect and likely results from making the assumption that there were still 20 employees, rather than
19, at the company after the employee left and then subtracting the original mean of 6.7 from that result. Choice C is
incorrect and likely results from making the assumption that there were still 20 employees, rather than 19, at the company
after the employee left.

Question ID 7b52985c

scatterplots
ID: 7b52985c
The scatterplot shows the relationship between the length of time , in hours, a certain bird spent in flight and the number of
days after January , .
What is the average rate of change, in hours per day, of the length of time the bird spent in flight on January to the length
of time the bird spent in flight on January ?
ID: 7b52985c Answer

Rationale
9
The correct answer is 2 . It's given that the scatterplot shows the relationship between the length of time 𝑦, in hours, a certain
bird spent in flight and the number of days after January 11, 𝑥. Since January 13 is 2 days after January 11, it follows that
January 13 corresponds to an x-value of 2 in the scatterplot. In the scatterplot, when 𝑥 = 2, the corresponding value of 𝑦 is 6.
In other words, on January 13, the bird spent 6 hours in flight. Since January 15 is 4 days after January 11, it follows that
January 15 corresponds to an x-value of 4 in the scatterplot. In the scatterplot, when 𝑥 = 4, the corresponding value of 𝑦 is
15. In other words, on January 15, the bird spent 15 hours in flight. Therefore, the average rate of change, in hours per day, of
the length of time the bird spent in flight on January 13 to the length of time the bird spent in flight on January 15 is the
difference in the length of time, in hours, the bird spent in flight divided by the difference in the number of days after January
15 - 6 9
11, or , which is equivalent to . Note that 9/2 and 4.5 are examples of ways to enter a correct answer.
4-2 2
Question ID 7ce2830a

Observational
studies and
experiments
ID: 7ce2830a
A psychologist designed and conducted a study to determine whether playing a

certain educational game increases middle school students’ accuracy in adding
fractions. For the study, the psychologist chose a random sample of 35 students
from all of the students at one of the middle schools in a large city. The
psychologist found that students who played the game showed significant
improvement in accuracy when adding fractions. What is the largest group to
which the results of the study can be generalized?
A. The 35 students in the sample
B. All students at the school
C. All middle school students in the city
D. All students in the city
ID: 7ce2830a Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. The largest group to which the results of a study can be generalized is the population from which the
random sample was chosen. In this case, the psychologist chose a random sample from all students at one particular
middle school. Therefore, the largest group to which the results can be generalized is all the students at the school.
Choice A is incorrect because this isn’t the largest group the results can be generalized to. Choices C and D are incorrect
because these groups are larger than the population from which the random sample was chosen. Therefore, the sample isn’t
representative of these groups.

Question ID 6a715bed

probability
ID: 6a715bed
The table summarizes the distribution of age and assigned group for participants in a study.
– years – years years Total
Group A
Group B
Group C
Total
One of these participants will be selected at random. What is the probability of selecting a participant from group A, given
that the participant is at least years of age? (Express your answer as a decimal or fraction, not as a percent.)
ID: 6a715bed Answer

Rationale
23
. It's given that one of the participants will be selected at random. The probability of selecting a
participant from group A given that the participant is at least 10 years of age is the number of participants in group A who
are at least 10 years of age divided by the total number of participants who are at least 10 years of age. The table shows that
in group A, there are 14 participants who are 10–19 years of age and 9 participants who are 20 + years of age. Therefore,
there are 14 + 9, or 23, participants in group A who are at least 10 years of age. The table also shows that there are a total of
30 participants who are 10–19 years of age and 30 participants who are 20 + years of age. Therefore, there are a total of
30 + 30, or 60, participants who are at least 10 years of age. It follows that the probability of selecting a participant from
23
group A given that the participant is at least 10 years of age is 60
. Note that 23/60, .3833, and 0.383 are examples of ways to

Question ID d0430601

scatterplots
ID: d0430601
Each dot in the scatterplot above represents the temperature and the number of
people who visited a beach in Lagos, Nigeria, on one of eleven different days. The
line of best fit for the data is also shown. The line of best fit for the data has a
slope of approximately 57. According to this estimate, how many additional people
per day are predicted to visit the beach for each 5°C increase in average
temperature?
ID: d0430601 Answer
Rationale
The correct answer is 285. The number of people predicted to visit the beach each day is represented by the y-values of the
line of best fit, and the average temperature, in degrees Celsius ( ), is represented by the x-values. Since the slope of the
line of best fit is approximately 57, the y-value, or the number of people predicted to visit the beach each day, increases by 57
for every x-value increase of 1, or every increase in average temperature. Therefore, an increase of in average
temperature corresponds to a y-value increase of additional people per day predicted to visit the beach.

Question ID c7c6445f

relationships, and
units
ID: c7c6445f
A certain town has an area of square miles. What is the area, in square yards, of this town?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: c7c6445f Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. Since the number of yards in 1 mile is 1,760, the number of square yards in 1 square mile is
( 1,760 ) ( 1,760 ) = 3,097,600. Therefore, if the area of the town is 4.36 square miles, it is 4.36 ( 3,097,600 ) = 13,505,536, in
square yards.
Choice A is incorrect and may result from dividing the number of yards in a mile by the square mileage of the town.
Choice B is incorrect and may result from multiplying the number of yards in a mile by the square mileage of the town.
Choice C is incorrect and may result from dividing the number of square yards in a square mile by the square mileage of the
town.

Question ID 4626102e

measures of center
and spread
ID: 4626102e
The dot plot represents the values in data set A. Data set B is created by adding to each of the values in data set A.
Which of the following correctly compares the medians and the ranges of data sets A and B?
A. The median of data set B is equal to the median of data set A, and the range of data set B is equal to the range of data
set A.
B. The median of data set B is equal to the median of data set A, and the range of data set B is greater than the range of
data set A.
C. The median of data set B is greater than the median of data set A, and the range of data set B is equal to the range of
data set A.
D. The median of data set B is greater than the median of data set A, and the range of data set B is greater than the range of
data set A.
ID: 4626102e Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. The median of a data set with an odd number of values, in ascending or descending order, is the middle
value of the data set, and the range of a data set is the positive difference between the maximum and minimum values in the
data set. Since the dot plot shown gives the values in data set A in ascending order and there are 15 values in the data set,
the eighth value in data set A, 23, is the median. The maximum value in data set A is 26 and the minimum value is 22, so the
range of data set A is 26 - 22, or 4. It’s given that data set B is created by adding 56 to each of the values in data set A.
Increasing each of the 15 values in data set A by 56 will also increase its median value by 56 making the median of data set
B 79. Increasing each value of data set A by 56 does not change the range, since the maximum value of data set B is 26 + 56
, or 82, and the minimum value is 22 + 56, or 78, making the range of data set B 82 - 78, or 4. Therefore, the median of data
set B is greater than the median of data set A, and the range of data set B is equal to the range of data set A.



and Data Analysis
ID: 55818046
According to the 2010 Census, the adult population aged 18 years or greater of the United States in 2010 was 234,564,071.
In 2010, a survey was conducted among a randomly chosen sample of adults aged 18 years or greater in the United States
about their preference to live in a warm climate or a cool climate. The table below displays a summary of the survey results.
Climate Preferences
No
Warm Cool Total
preference
18–35 years old 295 168 45 508
36–50 years old 246 123 41 410
51–65 years old 238 117 48 403
Greater than 65
137 78 64 279
years old
Total 916 486 198 1,600
Which of the following is closest to the difference between the percentage of

adults aged 18–50 years who responded “warm” and the percentage of adults
aged 51 years or greater who responded “warm”?
A. 4%
B. 5%
C. 10%
D. 18%
ID: 55818046 Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. The percentage of adults aged 18–50 who responded “warm” is , or about 58.9%.
The percentage of adults aged 51 years or greater who responded “warm” is , or about 55.0%. The
difference between 58.9% and 55.0% is 3.9%. Of the answer choices, 4% is closest to this number.
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect and may result from calculation errors.


and Data Analysis
ID: 20845d36
The number is less than the positive number . The number is greater than . The number is how many
times ?
ID: 20845d36 Answer

Rationale
70
The correct answer is .48 . It's given that the number 𝑎 is 70% less than the positive number 𝑏. Therefore, 𝑎 = 1 - 100 𝑏, which
60
is equivalent to 𝑎 = 1 - 0.70𝑏, or 𝑎 = 0.30𝑏. It's also given that the number 𝑐 is 60% greater than 𝑎. Therefore, 𝑐 = 1 + 100 𝑎,
which is equivalent to 𝑐 = 1 + 0.60𝑎, or 𝑐 = 1.60𝑎. Since 𝑎 = 0.30𝑏, substituting 0.30𝑏 for 𝑎 in the equation 𝑐 = 1.60𝑎 yields
𝑐 = 1.600.30𝑏, or 𝑐 = 0.48𝑏. Thus, 𝑐 is 0.48 times 𝑏. Note that .48 and 12/25 are examples of ways to enter a correct answer.

Question ID aa43b41f

Observational
studies and
experiments
ID: aa43b41f
Near the end of a US cable news show, the host invited viewers to respond to a poll
on the show’s website that asked, “Do you support the new federal policy
discussed during the show?” At the end of the show, the host reported that 28%
responded “Yes,” and 70% responded “No.” Which of the following best explains
why the results are unlikely to represent the sentiments of the population of the
United States?
A. The percentages do not add up to 100%, so any possible conclusions from the poll are invalid.
B. Those who responded to the poll were not a random sample of the population of the United States.
C. There were not 50% “Yes” responses and 50% “No” responses.
D. The show did not allow viewers enough time to respond to the poll.
ID: aa43b41f Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. In order for the poll results from a sample of a population to represent the entire population, the sample
must be representative of the population. A sample that is randomly selected from a population is more likely than a sample
of the type described to represent the population. In this case, the people who responded were people with access to cable
television and websites, which aren’t accessible to the entire population. Moreover, the people who responded also chose to
watch the show and respond to the poll. The people who made these choices aren’t representative of the entire population of
the United States because they were not a random sample of the population of the United States.
Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they present reasons unrelated to whether the sample is representative of the
population of the United States.

Question ID 5dc386fb

probability
ID: 5dc386fb
The table below shows the distribution of US states according to whether they have a state-level sales tax and a state-
level income tax.
2013 State-Level Taxes
State sales tax No state sales tax
State income tax 39 4
No state income tax 6 1
To the nearest tenth of a percent, what percent of states with a state-level sales tax
do not have a state-level income tax?
A. 6.0%
B. 12.0%
C. 13.3%
D. 14.0%
ID: 5dc386fb Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. The sum of the number of states with a state-level sales tax is . Of these states, 6 don’t
have a state-level income tax. Therefore, , or about 13.3%, of states with a state-level sales tax don’t have
a state-level income tax.
Choice A is incorrect. This is the number of states that have a state-level sales tax and no state-level income tax. Choice B is
incorrect. This is the percent of states that have a state-level sales tax and no state-level income tax. Choice D is incorrect.
This is the percent of states that have no state-level income tax.

Question ID 98958ae8

measures of center
and spread
ID: 98958ae8
Data set A consists of the heights of objects and has a mean of meters. Data set B consists of the heights of
objects and has a mean of meters. Data set C consists of the heights of the objects from data sets A and B. What is
the mean, in meters, of data set C?
ID: 98958ae8 Answer

Correct Answer: 41
Rationale
The correct answer is 41. The mean of a data set is computed by dividing the sum of the values in the data set by the
number of values in the data set. It’s given that data set A consists of the heights of 75 objects and has a mean of 25
𝑥
meters. This can be represented by the equation = 25, where 𝑥 represents the sum of the heights of the objects, in meters,
75
in data set A. Multiplying both sides of this equation by 75 yields 𝑥 = 7525, or 𝑥 = 1,875 meters. Therefore, the sum of the
heights of the objects in data set A is 1,875 meters. It’s also given that data set B consists of the heights of 50 objects and
𝑦
has a mean of 65 meters. This can be represented by the equation = 65, where 𝑦 represents the sum of the heights of the
50
objects, in meters, in data set B. Multiplying both sides of this equation by 50 yields 𝑦 = 5065, or 𝑦 = 3,250 meters.
Therefore, the sum of the heights of the objects in data set B is 3,250 meters. Since it’s given that data set C consists of the
heights of the 125 objects from data sets A and B, it follows that the mean of data set C is the sum of the heights of the
1,875 + 3,250
objects, in meters, in data sets A and B divided by the number of objects represented in data sets A and B, or 125
,
which is equivalent to 41 meters. Therefore, the mean, in meters, of data set C is 41.

Question ID 391ae4b2

measures of center
and spread
ID: 391ae4b2
Data set F consists of integers between and . Data set G consists of all the integers in data set F as well as the
integer . Which of the following must be less for data set F than for data set G?
I. The mean
II. The median
A. I only
B. II only
C. I and II
D. Neither I nor II
ID: 391ae4b2 Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. It's given that data set F consists of 55 integers between 170 and 290 and data set G consists of all the
integers in data set F as well as the integer 10. Since the integer 10 is less than all the integers in data set F, the mean of
data set G must be less than the mean of data set F. Thus, the mean of data set F isn't less than the mean of data set G.
When a data set is in ascending order, the median is between the two middle values when there is an even number of values
and the median is the middle value when there is an odd number of values. It follows that the median of data set F is either
greater than or equal to the median of data set G. Therefore, the median of data set F isn't less than the median of data set
G. Thus, neither the mean nor the median must be less for data set F than for data set G.

Question ID 2a59eb45

measures of center
and spread
ID: 2a59eb45
Data set A consists of the heights of buildings and has a mean of meters. Data set B consists of the heights of
buildings and has a mean of meters. Data set C consists of the heights of the buildings from data sets A and B. What
is the mean, in meters, of data set C?
ID: 2a59eb45 Answer

Correct Answer: 44
Rationale
The correct answer is 44. The mean of a data set is computed by dividing the sum of the values in the data set by the
number of values in the data set. It's given that data set A consists of the heights of 75 buildings and has a mean of 32
𝑥
meters. This can be represented by the equation 75
= 32, where 𝑥 represents the sum of the heights of the buildings, in
meters, in data set A. Multiplying both sides of this equation by 75 yields 𝑥 = 7532, or 𝑥 = 2,400 meters. Therefore, the sum
of the heights of the buildings in data set A is 2,400 meters. It's also given that data set B consists of the heights of 50
𝑦
buildings and has a mean of 62 meters. This can be represented by the equation = 62, where 𝑦 represents the sum of the
50
heights of the buildings, in meters, in data set B. Multiplying both sides of this equation by 50 yields 𝑦 = 5062, or 𝑦 = 3,100
meters. Therefore, the sum of the heights of the buildings in data set B is 3,100 meters. Since it's given that data set C
consists of the heights of the 125 buildings from data sets A and B, it follows that the mean of data set C is the sum of the
heights of the buildings, in meters, in data sets A and B divided by the number of buildings represented in data sets A and B,
2,400 + 3,100
or 125
, which is equivalent to 44 meters. Therefore, the mean, in meters, of data set C is 44.

Question ID 2e92cc21

and Data Analysis
ID: 2e92cc21
The number is greater than the number . The number is less than . What is the value of ?
ID: 2e92cc21 Answer

Rationale
110
The correct answer is 9.87. It’s given that the number 𝑎 is 110% greater than the number 𝑏. It follows that 𝑎 = 1 + 100 𝑏, or
90
𝑎 = 2.1𝑏. It’s also given that the number 𝑏 is 90% less than 47. It follows that 𝑏 = 1 - 100 47, or 𝑏 = 0.147, which yields 𝑏 = 4.7.
Substituting 4.7 for 𝑏 in the equation 𝑎 = 2.1𝑏 yields 𝑎 = 2.14.7, which is equivalent to 𝑎 = 9.87. Therefore, the value of 𝑎 is
9.87.

Question ID 4a422e3e

Observational
studies and
experiments
ID: 4a422e3e
To determine the mean number of children per household in a community, Tabitha

surveyed 20 families at a playground. For the 20 families surveyed, the mean
number of children per household was 2.4. Which of the following statements
must be true?
A. The mean number of children per household in the community is 2.4.
B. A determination about the mean number of children per household in the community should not be made because the
sample size is too small.
C. The sampling method is flawed and may produce a biased estimate of the mean number of children per household in the
community.
D. The sampling method is not flawed and is likely to produce an unbiased estimate of the mean number of children per
household in the community.
ID: 4a422e3e Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. In order to use a sample mean to estimate the mean for a population, the sample must be representative
of the population (for example, a simple random sample). In this case, Tabitha surveyed 20 families in a playground. Families
in the playground are more likely to have children than other households in the community. Therefore, the sample isn’t
representative of the population. Hence, the sampling method is flawed and may produce a biased estimate.
Choices A and D are incorrect because they incorrectly assume the sampling method is unbiased. Choice B is incorrect
because a sample of size 20 could be large enough to make an estimate if the sample had been representative of all the
families in the community.

Question ID e821a26d

scatterplots
ID: e821a26d
The scatterplot below shows the amount of electric energy generated, in millions of megawatt-hours, by nuclear sources
over a 10‑year period.
Of the following equations, which best models the data in the scatterplot?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: e821a26d Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. The data in the scatterplot roughly fall in the shape of a downward-opening parabola; therefore, the
coefficient for the term must be negative. Based on the location of the data points, the y-intercept of the parabola should
be somewhere between 740 and 760. Therefore, of the equations given, the best model is
.
Choices A and C are incorrect. The positive coefficient of the term means that these equations each define upward-
opening parabolas, whereas a parabola that fits the data in the scatterplot must open downward. Choice B is incorrect
because it defines a parabola with a y-intercept that has a negative y-coordinate, whereas a parabola that fits the data in the
scatterplot must have a y-intercept with a positive y-coordinate.
Question ID 9d935bd8

measures of center
and spread
ID: 9d935bd8
A survey was given to residents of all 50 states asking if they had earned a
bachelor’s degree or higher. The results from 7 of the states are given in the table
above. The median percent of residents who earned a bachelor’s degree or higher
for all 50 states was 26.95%. What is the difference between the median percent of
residents who earned a bachelor’s degree or higher for these 7 states and the
median for all 50 states?
A. 0.05%
B. 0.95%
C. 1.22%
D. 7.45%
ID: 9d935bd8 Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. The median of a set of numbers is the middle value of the set values when ordered from least to
greatest. If the percents in the table are ordered from least to greatest, the middle value is 27.9%. The difference between
27.9% and 26.95% is 0.95%.
Choice A is incorrect and may be the result of calculation errors or not finding the median of the data in the table correctly.
Choice C is incorrect and may be the result of finding the mean instead of the median. Choice D is incorrect and may be the
result of using the middle value of the unordered list.

Question ID 8c5dbd3e

and Data Analysis
ID: 8c5dbd3e
The number is greater than the number . The number is less than . What is the value of ?
ID: 8c5dbd3e Answer

Rationale
110
The correct answer is 47.25. It’s given that the number 𝑤 is 110% greater than the number 𝑧. It follows that 𝑤 = 1 + 100 𝑧, or
55
𝑤 = 2.1𝑧. It’s also given that the number 𝑧 is 55% less than 50. It follows that 𝑧 = 1 - 50, or 𝑧 = 0.4550, which yields
100
𝑧 = 22.5. Substituting 22.5 for 𝑧 in the equation 𝑤 = 2.1𝑧 yields 𝑤 = 2.122.5, which is equivalent to 𝑤 = 47.25. Therefore, the
value of 𝑤 is 47.25. Note that 47.25 and 189/4 are examples of ways to enter a correct answer.

Question ID 9ba3e283

and margin of error
ID: 9ba3e283
In State X, Mr. Camp’s eighth-grade class consisting of 26 students was surveyed

and 34.6 percent of the students reported that they had at least two siblings. The
average eighth‑grade class size in the state is 26. If the students in Mr. Camp’s
class are representative of students in the state’s eighth-grade classes and there
are 1,800 eighth-grade classes in the state, which of the following best estimates
the number of eighth‑grade students in the state who have fewer than two
siblings?
A. 16,200
B. 23,400
C. 30,600
D. 46,800
ID: 9ba3e283 Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. It is given that 34.6% of 26 students in Mr. Camp’s class reported that they had at least two siblings.
Since 34.6% of 26 is 8.996, there must have been 9 students in the class who reported having at least two siblings and 17
students who reported that they had fewer than two siblings. It is also given that the average eighth-grade class size in the
state is 26 and that Mr. Camp’s class is representative of all eighth-grade classes in the state. This means that in each
eighth-grade class in the state there are about 17 students who have fewer than two siblings. Therefore, the best estimate of
the number of eighth-grade students in the state who have fewer than two siblings is 17 × (number of eighth-grade classes in
the state), or .
Choice A is incorrect because 16,200 is the best estimate for the number of eighth-grade students in the state who have at
least, not fewer than, two siblings. Choice B is incorrect because 23,400 is half of the estimated total number of eighth-grade
students in the state; however, since the students in Mr. Camp’s class are representative of students in the eighth-grade
classes in the state and more than half of the students in Mr. Camp’s class have fewer than two siblings, more than half of
the students in each eighth-grade class in the state have fewer than two siblings, too. Choice D is incorrect because 46,800
is the estimated total number of eighth-grade students in the state.

Question ID 3d73a58b

and Data Analysis
ID: 3d73a58b
A gift shop buys souvenirs at a wholesale price of dollars each and resells them each at a retail price that is of
the wholesale price. At the end of the season, any remaining souvenirs are marked at a discounted price that is off the
retail price. What is the discounted price of each remaining souvenir, in dollars?
ID: 3d73a58b Answer

Rationale
The correct answer is 4.06. It's given that the retail price is 290% of the wholesale price of $ 7.00. Thus, the retail price is
290
$ 7.00 100 , which is equivalent to $ 7.002.9, or $ 20.30. It's also given that the discounted price is 80% off the retail price.
80
Thus, the discounted price is $ 20.301 - 100 , which is equivalent to $ 20.300.20, or $ 4.06.

Question ID 79137c1b

scatterplots
ID: 79137c1b
The scatterplot above shows the size x and the sale price y of 25 houses for sale in
Town H. Which of the following could be an equation for a line of best fit for the
data?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 79137c1b Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. From the shape of the cluster of points, the line of best fit should pass roughly through the points
and . Therefore, these two points can be used to find an approximate equation for the line of best fit. The
slope of this line of best fit is therefore , or 100. The equation for the line of best fit, in slope-
intercept form, is for some value of b. Using the point , 1 can be substituted for x and 200 can be
substituted for y: , or . Substituting this value into the slope-intercept form of the equation gives
.
Choice A is incorrect. The line defined by passes through the points and , both of which
are well above the cluster of points, so it cannot be a line of best fit. Choice C is incorrect. The line defined by
passes through the points and , both of which lie at the bottom of the cluster of points, so it cannot be a line
of best fit. Choice D is incorrect and may result from correctly calculating the slope of a line of best fit but incorrectly
assuming the y-intercept is at .


measures of center
and spread
ID: 54d93874
Masses (kilograms)
Andrew 2.4 2.5 3.6 3.1 2.5 2.7
Maria x 3.1 2.7 2.9 3.3 2.8
Andrew and Maria each collected six rocks, and the masses of the rocks are
shown in the table above. The mean of the masses of the rocks Maria collected is
0.1 kilogram greater than the mean of the masses of the rocks Andrew collected.
What is the value of x ?
ID: 54d93874 Answer
Rationale
The correct answer is 2.6. Since the mean of a set of numbers can be found by adding the numbers together and dividing by
how many numbers there are in the set, the mean mass, in kilograms, of the rocks Andrew collected is
, or 2.8. Since the mean mass of the rocks Maria collected is 0.1 kilogram
greater than the mean mass of rocks Andrew collected, the mean mass of the rocks Maria collected is
kilograms. The value of x can be found by writing an equation for finding the mean: .
Solving this equation gives . Note that 2.6 and 13/5 are examples of ways to enter a correct answer.

Question ID 916ffe9b

and margin of error
ID: 916ffe9b
Poll Results
Angel Cruz
Terry Smith
The table shows the results of a poll. A total of voters selected at random were asked which candidate they would vote
for in the upcoming election. According to the poll, if people vote in the election, by how many votes would Angel Cruz
be expected to win?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 916ffe9b Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. It's given that 483 out of 803 voters responded that they would vote for Angel Cruz. Therefore, the
483
proportion of voters from the poll who responded they would vote for Angel Cruz is 803
. It’s also given that there are a total of
483
6,424 voters in the election. Therefore, the total number of people who would be expected to vote for Angel Cruz is 6,424 ,
803
or 3,864. Since 3,864 of the 6,424 total voters would be expected to vote for Angel Cruz, it follows that 6,424 - 3,864, or 2,560
voters would be expected not to vote for Angel Cruz. The difference in the number of votes for and against Angel Cruz is
3,864 - 2,560, or 1,304 votes. Therefore, if 6,424 people vote in the election, Angel Cruz would be expected to win by 1,304
votes.
Choice A is incorrect. This is the difference in the number of voters from the poll who responded that they would vote for and
against Angel Cruz.
Choice C is incorrect. This is the total number of people who would be expected to vote for Angel Cruz.
Choice D is incorrect. This is the difference between the total number of people who vote in the election and the number of
voters from the poll.

Question ID 9b5b23fc

scatterplots
ID: 9b5b23fc
For , the function is defined as follows:

equals of
Which of the following could describe this function?
A. Decreasing exponential
B. Decreasing linear
C. Increasing exponential
D. Increasing linear
ID: 9b5b23fc Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
201
Choice D is correct. It's given that for 𝑥 > 0, 𝑓𝑥 is equal to 201% of 𝑥. This is equivalent to 𝑓𝑥 = 100
𝑥, or 𝑓𝑥 = 2.01𝑥, for 𝑥 > 0.
This function indicates that as 𝑥 increases, 𝑓𝑥 also increases, which means 𝑓 is an increasing function. Furthermore, 𝑓𝑥
increases at a constant rate of 2.01 for each increase of 𝑥 by 1. A function with a constant rate of change is linear. Thus, the
function 𝑓 can be described as an increasing linear function.
Choice A is incorrect and may result from conceptual errors.
Choice B is incorrect and may result from conceptual errors.
𝑥
Choice C is incorrect. This could describe the function 𝑓𝑥 = 2.01 , where 𝑓𝑥 is equal to 201% of 𝑓𝑥 - 1, not 𝑥, for 𝑥 > 0.

Question ID af142f8d

scatterplots
ID: af142f8d
Amount invested Balance increase
Account A $500 6% annual interest
Account B $1,000 $25 per year
Two investments were made as shown in the table above. The interest in Account
A is compounded once per year. Which of the following is true about the
investments?
A. Account A always earns more money per year than Account B.
B. Account A always earns less money per year than Account B.
C. Account A earns more money per year than Account B at first but eventually earns less money per year.
D. Account A earns less money per year than Account B at first but eventually earns more money per year.
ID: af142f8d Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. Account A starts with $500 and earns interest at 6% per year, so in the first year Account A earns (500)
(0.06) = $30, which is greater than the $25 that Account B earns that year. Compounding interest can be modeled by an
increasing exponential function, so each year Account A will earn more money than it did the previous year. Therefore, each
year Account A earns at least $30 in interest. Since Account B always earns $25 each year, Account A always earns more
money per year than Account B.
Choices B and D are incorrect. Account A earns $30 in the first year, which is greater than the $25 Account B earns in the first
year. Therefore, neither the statement that Account A always earns less money per year than Account B nor the statement
that Account A earns less money than Account B at first can be true. Choice C is incorrect. Since compounding interest can
be modeled by an increasing exponential function, each year Account A will earn more money than it did the previous year.
Therefore, Account A always earns at least $30 per year, which is more than the $25 per year that Account B earns.

Question ID 040f2a84

and Data Analysis
ID: 040f2a84
The regular price of a shirt at a store is . The sale price of the shirt is less than the regular price, and the sale
price is greater than the store's cost for the shirt. What was the store’s cost, in dollars, for the shirt? (Disregard the
sign when entering your answer. For example, if your answer is , enter )
ID: 040f2a84 Answer

Rationale
The correct answer is 1.8. It’s given that the regular price of a shirt at a store is $ 11.70, and the sale price of the shirt is 80%
80
less than the regular price. It follows that the sale price of the shirt is $ 11.701 -100
, or $ 11.701 - 0.8, which is equivalent to
$ 2.34. It’s also given that the sale price of the shirt is 30% greater than the store’s cost for the shirt. Let 𝑥 represent the
30
store’s cost for the shirt. It follows that 2.34 = 1 +100
𝑥, or 2.34 = 1.3𝑥. Dividing both sides of this equation by 1.3 yields
𝑥 = 1.80. Therefore, the store’s cost, in dollars, for the shirt is 1.80. Note that 1.8 and 9/5 are examples of ways to enter a
correct answer.

Question ID 8213b1b3

and Data Analysis
ID: 8213b1b3
According to a set of standards, a certain type of substance can contain a maximum of phosphorus by mass. If a
sample of this substance has a mass of grams, what is the maximum mass, in grams, of phosphorus the sample can
contain to meet these standards?
ID: 8213b1b3 Answer

Correct Answer: .0014
Rationale
The correct answer is .0014 . It's given that a certain type of substance can contain a maximum of 0.001% phosphorus by
mass to meet a set of standards. If a sample of the substance has a mass of 140 grams, it follows that the maximum mass,
0.001
in grams, of phosphorus the sample can contain to meet the standards is 0.001% of 140, or 100
140, which is equivalent to
0.00001140, or 0.0014. Note that .0014 and 0.001 are examples of ways to enter a correct answer.

Question ID 34f8cd89

and Data Analysis
ID: 34f8cd89
of the items in a box are green. Of those, are also rectangular. Of the green rectangular items, are also
metal. Which of the following is closest to the percentage of the items in the box that are not rectangular green metal items?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 34f8cd89 Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. It's given that 37% of the items in a box are green. Let 𝑥 represent the total number of items in the box. It
37
follows that 𝑥, or 0.37𝑥, items in the box are green. It's also given that of those, 37% are also rectangular. Therefore,
100
37
100
0.37𝑥, or 0.1369𝑥, items in the box are green rectangular items. It's also given that of the green rectangular items, 42% are
42
also metal. Therefore, 0.1369𝑥, or 0.057498𝑥, items in the box are rectangular green metal items. The number of the items
100
in the box that are not rectangular green metal items is the total number of items in the box minus the number of rectangular
green metal items in the box. Therefore, the number of items in the box that are not rectangular green metal items is
𝑥 - 0.057498𝑥, or 0.942502𝑥. The percentage of items in the box that are not rectangular green metal items is the percentage
0.942502𝑥
that 0.942502𝑥 is of 𝑥. If 𝑝% represents this percentage, the value of 𝑝 is 100 𝑥
, or 94.2502. Of the given choices,
94.25% is closest to the percentage of items in the box that are not rectangular green metal items.

Question ID 20b69297

relationships, and
units
ID: 20b69297
Anita created a batch of green paint by mixing 2 ounces of blue paint with 3
ounces of yellow paint. She must mix a second batch using the same ratio of blue
and yellow paint as the first batch. If she uses 5 ounces of blue paint for the
second batch, how much yellow paint should Anita use?
A. Exactly 5 ounces
B. 3 ounces more than the amount of yellow paint used in the first batch
C. 1.5 times the amount of yellow paint used in the first batch
D. 1.5 times the amount of blue paint used in the second batch
ID: 20b69297 Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. It’s given that Anita used a ratio of 2 ounces of blue paint to 3 ounces of yellow paint for the first batch.
For any batch of paint that uses the same ratio, the amount of yellow paint used will be , or 1.5, times the amount of blue
paint used in the batch. Therefore, the amount of yellow paint Anita will use in the second batch will be 1.5 times the amount
of blue paint used in the second batch.
Alternate approach: It’s given that Anita used a ratio of 2 ounces of blue paint to 3 ounces of yellow paint for the first batch
and that she will use 5 ounces of blue paint for the second batch. A proportion can be set up to solve for x, the amount of
yellow paint she will use for the second batch: . Multiplying both sides of this equation by 3 yields , and
multiplying both sides of this equation by x yields . Dividing both sides of this equation by 2 yields . Since
Anita will use 7.5 ounces of yellow paint for the second batch, this is times the amount of blue paint (5 ounces)
used in the second batch.
Choices A, B, and C are incorrect and may result from incorrectly interpreting the ratio of blue paint to yellow paint used.


measures of center
and spread
ID: 94237701
For a certain computer game, individuals receive an integer score that ranges from 2 through 10. The table below shows the
frequency distribution of the scores of the 9 players in group A and the 11 players in group B.
Score
Score Frequencies
Group A Group B
2 1 0
3 1 0
4 2 0
5 1 4
6 3 2
7 0 0
8 0 2
9 1 1
10 0 2
Total 9 11
The median of the scores for group B is how much greater than the median of the
scores for group A?
ID: 94237701 Answer
Rationale
The correct answer is 1. When there are an odd number of values in a data set, the median of the data set is the middle
number when the data values are ordered from least to greatest. The scores for group A, ordered from least to greatest, are
2, 3, 4, 4, 5, 6, 6, 6, and 9. The median of the scores for group A is therefore 5. The scores for group B, ordered from least to
greatest, are 5, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 8, 8, 9, 10, and 10. The median of the scores for group B is therefore 6. The median score for
group B is more than the median score for group A.
Question ID 9d95e7ad

scatterplots
ID: 9d95e7ad
The scatterplot above shows the numbers of grams of both total protein and total fat for eight sandwiches on a restaurant
menu. The line of best fit for the data is also shown. According to the line of best fit, which of the following is closest to the
predicted increase in total fat, in grams, for every increase of 1 gram in total protein?
A. 2.5
B. 2.0
C. 1.5
D. 1.0
ID: 9d95e7ad Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. The predicted increase in total fat, in grams, for every increase of 1 gram in total protein is represented
by the slope of the line of best fit. Any two points on the line can be used to calculate the slope of the line as the change in
total fat over the change in total protein. For instance, it can be estimated that the points and are on the line
of best fit, and the slope of the line that passes through them is , or 1.4. Of the choices given, 1.5 is the
closest to the slope of the line of best fit.
Choices A, B, and D are incorrect and may be the result of incorrectly finding ordered pairs that lie on the line of best fit or of
incorrectly calculating the slope.

Question ID d6456c7a

relationships, and
units
ID: d6456c7a
A certain park has an area of square yards. What is the area, in square miles, of this park?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: d6456c7a Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
2
Choice B is correct. Since 1 mile is equal to 1,760 yards, 1 square mile is equal to 1,760 , or 3,097,600, square yards. It’s
given that the park has an area of 11,863,808 square yards. Therefore, the park has an area of
1 square mile 11,863,808
11,863,808 square yards , or
3,097,600 square yards 3,097,600
square miles. Thus, the area, in square miles, of the park is 3.83.
Choice C is incorrect. This is the square root of the area of the park in square yards, not the area of the park in square miles.
Choice D is incorrect and may result from converting 11,863,808 yards to miles, rather than converting 11,863,808 square
yards to square miles.

Question ID d6456c7a

relationships, and
units
ID: d6456c7a
A certain park has an area of square yards. What is the area, in square miles, of this park?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: d6456c7a Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
2
Choice B is correct. Since 1 mile is equal to 1,760 yards, 1 square mile is equal to 1,760 , or 3,097,600, square yards. It’s
given that the park has an area of 11,863,808 square yards. Therefore, the park has an area of
1 square mile 11,863,808
11,863,808 square yards , or
3,097,600 square yards
square miles. Thus, the area, in square miles, of the park is 3.83.
3,097,600
Choice C is incorrect. This is the square root of the area of the park in square yards, not the area of the park in square miles.
Choice D is incorrect and may result from converting 11,863,808 yards to miles, rather than converting 11,863,808 square
yards to square miles.

Question ID 25faa756

and Data Analysis
ID: 25faa756
The number is greater than the positive number . The number is less than . The number is how many
times ?
ID: 25faa756 Answer

Rationale
60
The correct answer is .88 . It’s given that the number 𝑎 is 60% greater than the positive number 𝑏. Therefore, 𝑎 = 1 + 100 𝑏,
45
which is equivalent to 𝑎 = 1 + 0.60𝑏, or 𝑎 = 1.60𝑏. It’s also given that the number 𝑐 is 45% less than 𝑎. Therefore, 𝑐 = 1 - 100 𝑎,
which is equivalent to 𝑐 = 1 - 0.45𝑎, or 𝑐 = 0.55𝑎. Since 𝑎 = 1.60𝑏, substituting 1.60𝑏 for 𝑎 in the equation 𝑐 = 0.55𝑎 yields
𝑐 = 0.551.60𝑏, or 𝑐 = 0.88𝑏. Thus, the number 𝑐 is 0.88 times the number 𝑏. Note that .88 and 22/25 are examples of ways to

Question ID ad911622

and Data Analysis
ID: ad911622
The value of a collectible comic book increased by from the end of to the end of and then decreased by
from the end of to the end of . What was the net percentage increase in the value of the collectible comic
book from the end of to the end of ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: ad911622 Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. It’s given that the value of the comic book increased by 167% from the end of 2011 to the end of 2012.
Therefore, if the value of the comic book at the end of 2011 was 𝑥 dollars, then the value, in dollars, of the comic book at the
167
end of 2012 was 𝑥 + 100
𝑥, which can be rewritten as 1𝑥 + 1.67𝑥, or 2.67𝑥. It’s also given that the value of the comic book
decreased by 16% from the end of 2012 to the end of 2013. Therefore, the value, in dollars, of the comic book at the end of
16
2013 was 2.67𝑥 - 2.67𝑥 , which can be rewritten as 2.67𝑥 - 2.67𝑥0.16, or 2.2428𝑥. Thus, if the value of the comic book at the
100
end of 2011 was 𝑥 dollars, and the value of the comic book at the end of 2013 was 2.2428𝑥 dollars, then from the end of
2011 to the end of 2013, the value of the comic book increased by 2.2428𝑥 - 1𝑥, or 1.2428𝑥, dollars. Therefore, the increase in
the value of the comic book from the end of 2011 to the end of 2013 is equal to 1.2428 times the value of the comic book at
the end of 2011. It follows that from the end of 2011 to the end of 2013, the net percentage increase in the value of the
comic book was 1.2428100%, or 124.28%.
Choice C is incorrect. This is the difference between the net percentage increase in the value of the comic book from the end
of 2011 to the end of 2012 and the net percentage decrease in the value of the comic book from the end of 2012 to the end
of 2013, not the net percentage increase in the value of the comic book from the end of 2011 to the end of 2013.
Choice D is incorrect. This is the net percentage increase in the value of the comic book from the end of 2011 to the end of
2013, if the value of the comic book increased by 167% from the end of 2011 to the end of 2012 and then increased, not
decreased, by 16% from the end of 2012 to the end of 2013.

Question ID ecd09c38

probability
ID: ecd09c38
Employees working for a customer service line at an electric company recorded all the calls last Monday and noted
whether the caller asked for repairs and whether the caller asked about a bill. The results are summarized in the table
below.
Asked for Did not ask
Total
repairs for repairs
Asked
48 623 671
about a bill
Did not ask

130 90 220
about a bill
Total 178 713 891
If a caller last Monday who asked about his or her bill is selected at random, which
of the following is closest to the probability that the customer also asked for
repairs?
A. 0.05
B. 0.07
C. 0.20
D. 0.27
ID: ecd09c38 Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. According to the table, a total of 671 customers asked about a bill. Of these, 48 also asked for repairs.
Therefore, if a customer who asked about a bill is selected at random, the probability that the customer also asked for
repairs is .
Choice A is incorrect. This is the probability that a customer selected at random from all customers who called on Monday
both asked for repairs and asked about a bill. Choice C is incorrect. This is the probability that a customer selected at
random from all customers who called on Monday asked for repairs, regardless of whether or not the customer asked about
a bill. Choice D is incorrect. This is the probability that a customer selected at random from those who asked for repairs also
asked about a bill.

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Question ID 3a9d60b2

Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear equations

What is the positive solution to the given equation?

ID: 3a9d60b2 Answer

Question Difficulty: Hard

SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear functions

The quadratic function h is defined as shown. In the xy-plane, the graph of

ID: 91e7ea5e Answer

Question Difficulty: Hard

SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear equations

ID: fc3d783a Answer

Question Difficulty: Hard

SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear functions

ID: 8490cc45 Answer

Choice B is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice C is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Question Difficulty: Hard

SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear equations

ID: ba0edc30 Answer

Choice A is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice C is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice D is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Question Difficulty: Hard

SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear functions

ID: a9084ca4 Answer

Choice A is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice B is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice C is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Question Difficulty: Hard

SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear functions

ID: 2c6f214f Answer

Question Difficulty: Hard

SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear equations

Which ordered pair is a solution to the

ID: 4661e2a9 Answer

Therefore, the ordered pair is a solution to the given system of equations.

, or , which isn’t a true statement. Choice D is incorrect. Substituting

for x and for y in the second equation yields , or , which isn’t a

SAT Math Advanced Math Equivalent

The equation above is true for all x, where a and b are

ID: 371cbf6b Answer

follows that , which can be rewritten as . Therefore, , which

, which doesn’t equal the coefficient of , , on the right-hand side.

Question Difficulty: Hard

SAT Math Advanced Math Equivalent

Which of the following expressions is(are) a factor of ?

ID: c3b116d7 Answer

Choice A is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice C is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice D is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Question Difficulty: Hard

SAT Math Advanced Math Equivalent

If for all positive values of x,

what is the value of ?

ID: 40c09d66 Answer

Question Difficulty: Hard

SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear functions

ID: b8f13a3a Answer

Question Difficulty: Hard

SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear equations

If x is a solution to the given equation, which of the

ID: f65288e8 Answer

this equation yields or . Therefore, a possible value of is .